EP1266396A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachweis von verbindungen in einem gasstrom - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachweis von verbindungen in einem gasstromInfo
- Publication number
- EP1266396A1 EP1266396A1 EP01962408A EP01962408A EP1266396A1 EP 1266396 A1 EP1266396 A1 EP 1266396A1 EP 01962408 A EP01962408 A EP 01962408A EP 01962408 A EP01962408 A EP 01962408A EP 1266396 A1 EP1266396 A1 EP 1266396A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- laser pulse
- ionization
- mass spectrometer
- vuv
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/107—Arrangements for using several ion sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
- H01J49/161—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission using photoionisation, e.g. by laser
- H01J49/162—Direct photo-ionisation, e.g. single photon or multi-photon ionisation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting compounds in a gas stream according to the preambles of claims 1 and 8, as is known from publication 1.
- the resonance-enhanced ultiphoton ionization technology (resonance-enhanced mul tiphoton ionization - REMPI), the UV laser pulses for the selective ionization of e.g. B. uses aromatics, is used as a selective and soft ionization method for mass spectrometry.
- the selectivity is among others determined by the UV spectroscopic properties and the location of the ionization potentials.
- a typical application is on-line
- the single photon ionization (SPI) with VUV laser light allows a partially selective and soft ionization ⁇ .
- the selectivity is determined by the location of the ionization potentials.
- a typical application is the detection of compounds that cannot be detected with REMPI.
- the disadvantage of the SPI method is that some substance classes cannot be detected.
- the selectivity is lower than with the REMPI method, so that interference can occur with complex samples.
- Electron impact ionization (EI) with an electron beam is the standard technique for ionization in mass spectrometry of volatile inorganic and organic compounds. It is very universal (ie not selective) and leads many often cool to a very high level of fragmentation, but is very well suited for the direct measurement of compounds such as 02, N2, C02, S02, CO, C2H2 etc., which cannot be detected as well with VUV or REMPI.
- the object of the invention is to design a method and a device of the generic type such that a large number of compounds in the analysis gas can be characterized almost simultaneously. This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 8.
- the subclaims describe advantageous refinements of the invention.
- El ionization technique is also used, other compounds such as C02, H20 or CH4 can be detected, which can neither be sensibly detected with SPI nor with REMPI.
- the combination of the methods and the device for quasi-parallel use of the same in one device allows the construction of particularly compact analytical MS systems for e.g. B. online analytical field applications (process analysis), which nevertheless have a very high performance.
- the REMPI and / or VUV and / or EI mass spectrometric data obtained in parallel can also be fed to a chemometric analysis by means of pattern-recognition methods (for example a main component analysis).
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the ionization region of the mass spectrometer 14 and the gas cell 9.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an optical arrangement for generating a UV laser pulse 10 and a VUV laser pulse 2.
- FIG. 3 shows an on-line measurement of NO and naphthalene in the flue gas of a waste incineration plant with alternating SPI ionization (VUV for NO) and REMPI ionization (UV for naphthalene).
- FIG. 1 shows the ionization region of the time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer.
- TOF time of flight
- the gas stream to be analyzed flows effusively through the inlet needle 12 into the ionization chamber 14 1.
- supersonic oil jet inlet systems (described, for example, in FIG. 3) can also be used.
- Analytes from the gas stream are alternately irradiated with UV laser pulses (266 nm) 10 and VUV laser pulses (118 nm) 2 directly below the inlet needle 12.
- the laser pulse length can be between 1 fs and 100 ns.
- the ions generated by multi-photon ionization (REMPI, 266 nm) or single-photon ionization (SPI, 118 nm) are drawn off through the opening of the hood 13 into the TOF mass spectrometer, where they are mass analyzed.
- REMPI, 266 nm multi-photon ionization
- SPI, 118 nm single-photon ionization
- several pulses of one wavelength can be irradiated one after the other before switching to the other wavelength.
- the VUV laser beams (118 nm) 2 are generated in the gas cell 9, which is filled with noble gas (Xe and Ar) 3, by frequency tripling of 355 nm laser pulses 1.
- the 355 nm laser pulses 1 are focused with a quartz lens 6 and through a quartz window 5 into the gas cell 9. The resulting VUV radiation and the remaining 355 nm - -
- Radiation 1 enters the ionization cube 14 of the TOF mass spectrometer through the MgF2 lens 4.
- the offset irradiation of the 355 nm laser beam 1 relative to the center of the MgF2 lens 4 causes a local separation of the 355 nm laser radiation 1 and 118 nm radiation in the ionization chamber 14.
- the 355 nm radiation can be intercepted in front of the ionization site by means of an aperture. This leads to less fragmented SPI mass spectra.
- the alternating generation of the 266 nm 10 and 118 nm 1 ionization laser pulses takes place with a special optical structure, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the Nd.YAG laser 15 generates 1064 nm laser radiation 23 which are guided through a frequency doubling crystal 17 via two dichroic mirrors 16.
- the resulting laser beam 24 consists of 1064 nm 23 and 532 nm 25 laser radiation.
- the laser radiation 24 is guided through the sum difference mixed crystal 19 and 355 nm laser light 1 is generated, which is separated by the dichroic mirrors 20 from the colinear 532 nm and 1064 nm radiation and into the gas cell 9 to generate the 118 nm VUV laser radiation 2 is used.
- the 532 nm portion of the radiation 24 is directed via the dichroic mirror through a doubling crystal 17.
- the resulting 266 nm laser radiation 10 is separated from the 532 nm radiation by the dichroic mirrors 22 and then used for REMPI ionization in the inlet block 14 of the TOF mass spectrometer.
- the data acquisition system records the REMPI and VUV-SPI mass spectra separately. If a sufficiently intense YAG laser is used, a partially transparent mirror (dichroic beam splitter) can be used instead of a folding mirror. The blanking of the beam that is not required can be realized via a Pockels cell or a chopper wheel. In addition to the Nd: YAG laser, other pulsed solid-state lasers such as Ti: sapphire lasers can also be used.
- the following harmonic frequencies can be generated from the primary wave of the Nd.YAG laser (1064 nm): 523 nm (doubled), 355 nm (tripled), 266 nm (quadrupled), 213 nm (quintuple) and 118 nm (nine times).
- Nd.YAG laser 1064 nm
- 523 nm doubled
- 355 nm tripled
- 266 nm quadromethy-shifted
- 213 nm quintuple
- 118 nm nine times.
- several wavelengths can be irradiated alternately.
- two different REMPI selectivities are used simultaneously (i.e. slightly offset).
- chemometric methods for pattern recognition e.g. main component analysis
- a frequency can also be set to a desired frequency for a selective REMPI Detection of a specific substance can be converted, for example, a wavelength can be tuned to a resonance of monochlorobenzene (for example at approximately 266 nm or at approximately 269.82 nm 4 )
- Monochlorobenzene is an indicator of the occurrence of toxic polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxme and furane (PCDD / F) and can with REMPI on-line in flue gases from e.g.
- VUV laser wavelength compounds such as NH3, NO, many aldehydes and ketones etc. can then be detected in parallel, which cannot be detected with REMPI at the MCB resonance.
- An analytical laser mass spectrometer can furthermore advantageously be designed for certain applications with an inlet system for generating a supersonic molecular beam (jet).
- the adiabatic cooling achievable thereby increases the
- El ionization only achieves much smaller cross sections than laser ionization (with conventional pulse energies), however, the repetition rate of the laser ionization processes, which are pulsed, is limited to 10-20 Hz in many compact laser systems. Since the acquisition of a mass spectrum after the ionization pulse only takes a few 10 ⁇ s, the mass spectrometer is not used for most of the time.
- the El ionization uses an electron gun that accelerates electrons with kinetic energies of 2-200 eV to the sample molecules.
- the normally continuous EI method can also be used with the time-of-flight mass spectrometer using pulsed electron guns and pulsed trigger fields. This is also possible in parallel with the use of laser ionization methods (REMPI, SPI).
- the information about the laser ionization methods is typically recorded via a transient recorder. records true information from the El-ionization on payment cards.
- the integration of electron impact ionization allows the direct on-line measurement of the compounds which are present in higher concentrations and which cannot be detected with REMPI or SPI.
- REMPI has proven to be a very powerful analytical method for online analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin indicators (MCB) and other compounds. At the same time, information such as nitrogen compounds such as NO, NH3 or aldehydes was important. These connections can be verified with VUV. Thus, the VUV, SPI and REMPI ionization methods complement each other and can be used together advantageously for a good characterization of the combustion process.
- FIG. 3 shows the concentration profiles of naphthalene and NO in the flue gas of a domestic waste incineration plant (raw gas at 700 ° C.) recorded with parallel VUV-SPI and REMPI ionization. - 8th -
- Example of use 2 On-line analysis of process gases in food technology
- Mass spectrometric methods can be used on-line to monitor food technology processes (drying processes, rusting or cooking processes, etc.) and for quality control of raw materials (mold growth, quality) or evaluation of sensory quality.
- First experiences have already been made with the REMPI method in the field of coffee roasting 7 .
- REMPI (266 nm) the degree of roasting can be determined via the composition of differently substituted substances.
- many flavor-relevant compounds aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, furan derivatives, nitrogen heterocycles etc.
- Electron impact ionization allows the tracking of the primary coffee roast products C02 and H20. In principle, a large number of such processes can be comprehensively checked and validated using the method and a device of the generic type.
- the method can be used with a device of the generic type for the analysis of complex substance mixtures (solid, solution / liquid, gas phase).
- Suitable auxiliary devices headspace sampling, thermal desorber etc.
- process solutions from the chemical industry, mineral oil products but also end products such as perfume or deodorant can be analyzed and monitored.
- the method can be used with a device of the generic type for analyzing the breathing air (exhaled) from patients and control persons. Certain volatile substances such as acetone / indicate illnesses or general health condition.
- the headspace can also be analyzed using medical samples (blood, urine, etc.).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10014847 | 2000-03-24 | ||
DE10014847A DE10014847A1 (de) | 2000-03-24 | 2000-03-24 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Nachweis von Verbindungen in einem Gasstrom |
PCT/EP2001/000848 WO2001073816A1 (de) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-01-26 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachweis von verbindungen in einem gasstrom |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1266396A1 true EP1266396A1 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
EP1266396B1 EP1266396B1 (de) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=7636327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01962408A Expired - Lifetime EP1266396B1 (de) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-01-26 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachweis von verbindungen in einem gasstrom |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6727499B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1266396B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3764680B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE392708T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2401967C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10014847A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1266396T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2304392T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001073816A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6803563B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-10-12 | Flender Service Gmbh | Method and apparatus for monitoring the quality of lubricant |
DE10235612B4 (de) * | 2002-08-02 | 2012-06-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der Qualität von Schmieröl |
US7161145B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2007-01-09 | Sri International | Method and apparatus for the detection and identification of trace organic substances from a continuous flow sample system using laser photoionization-mass spectrometry |
US20070187591A1 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2007-08-16 | Leslie Bromberg | Plasma ion mobility spectrometer |
US7829843B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2010-11-09 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Electronic time-of-flight mass selector |
DE102005039269B4 (de) * | 2005-08-19 | 2011-04-14 | Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt (Gmbh) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum massenspektrometrischen Nachweis von Verbindungen |
JP4825028B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-17 | 2011-11-30 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | イオン化装置 |
JP4958258B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-17 | 2012-06-20 | 株式会社リガク | ガス分析装置 |
CN101752174B (zh) * | 2008-12-19 | 2011-11-30 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种真空紫外灯电离装置 |
JP5278130B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-15 | 2013-09-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | イオン化分析装置及びイオン化分析方法 |
EP2302372A1 (de) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-30 | Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur wiederholten chemischen Analyse eines Gasstroms |
CN102103971B (zh) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-11-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 微型质谱仪中空心阴极放电真空紫外光电离源 |
CN102479661B (zh) | 2010-11-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 用于质谱分析的真空紫外光电离和化学电离的复合电离源 |
JP5541232B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-02 | 2014-07-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 真空紫外光発生及び紫外光分離装置並びに方法 |
DE102012209324A1 (de) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Helmholtz Zentrum München | Lichtleitervorrichtung für ein Ionisierungsgerät und Verfahren zum Ionisieren von Atomen und/oder Molekülen |
CN105552694B (zh) * | 2016-02-18 | 2018-10-23 | 绍兴文理学院 | 一种真空光波导校准装置 |
CN105762054B (zh) * | 2016-04-07 | 2017-11-28 | 绍兴文理学院 | 一种真空腔外可控的静态气体靶装置及其使用方法 |
EP3861331A4 (de) | 2018-10-03 | 2022-04-27 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Integrierter mikrophotoionisierungsdetektor mit einem ultradünnen uv-transmissionsfenster |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2942386C2 (de) * | 1979-10-19 | 1984-01-12 | Ulrich Dr. 8000 München Boesl | Ionenquelle |
US5206594A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1993-04-27 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Apparatus and process for improved photoionization and detection |
DE4108462C2 (de) * | 1991-03-13 | 1994-10-13 | Bruker Franzen Analytik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Ionen aus thermisch instabilen, nichtflüchtigen großen Molekülen |
FR2720747B1 (fr) | 1994-06-02 | 1996-07-12 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouveau procédé de préparation d'un stéroïde 16béta-méthyl et nouveaux intermédiaires. |
DE19608963C2 (de) * | 1995-03-28 | 2001-03-22 | Bruker Daltonik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ionisierung schwerer Moleküle bei Atmosphärendruck |
US5940418A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-08-17 | Jmar Technology Co. | Solid-state laser system for ultra-violet micro-lithography |
DE19754161C2 (de) * | 1997-12-06 | 1999-11-25 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Verfahren zum Nachweis von Substanzen und Substanzklassen |
DE19756444C1 (de) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-07-08 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Nachweis von Probenmolekülen in einem Trägergas |
US6002697A (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-12-14 | Lambda Physik Gmbh | Diode pumped laser with frequency conversion into UV and DUV range |
DE19820626C2 (de) * | 1998-05-08 | 2000-09-07 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Nachweis von Probenmolekülen |
-
2000
- 2000-03-24 DE DE10014847A patent/DE10014847A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-01-26 WO PCT/EP2001/000848 patent/WO2001073816A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-26 DK DK01962408T patent/DK1266396T3/da active
- 2001-01-26 AT AT01962408T patent/ATE392708T1/de active
- 2001-01-26 DE DE50113862T patent/DE50113862D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-26 ES ES01962408T patent/ES2304392T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-26 JP JP2001571447A patent/JP3764680B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-26 EP EP01962408A patent/EP1266396B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-26 CA CA2401967A patent/CA2401967C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-14 US US10/243,536 patent/US6727499B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0173816A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2304392T3 (es) | 2008-10-16 |
DK1266396T3 (da) | 2008-08-11 |
WO2001073816A1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
DE10014847A1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
US20030020014A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
JP2004502136A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
JP3764680B2 (ja) | 2006-04-12 |
EP1266396B1 (de) | 2008-04-16 |
ATE392708T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
DE50113862D1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
US6727499B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
CA2401967C (en) | 2010-11-02 |
CA2401967A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
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