EP1252681A2 - Unite membrane-electrodes pour une pile a combustible et procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Unite membrane-electrodes pour une pile a combustible et procede de fabrication

Info

Publication number
EP1252681A2
EP1252681A2 EP00990572A EP00990572A EP1252681A2 EP 1252681 A2 EP1252681 A2 EP 1252681A2 EP 00990572 A EP00990572 A EP 00990572A EP 00990572 A EP00990572 A EP 00990572A EP 1252681 A2 EP1252681 A2 EP 1252681A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
concentration
electrode
noble metal
electrocatalyst layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00990572A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Gebhardt
Arno Mattejat
Igor Mehltretter
Manfred Waidhas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH, Siemens AG filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of EP1252681A2 publication Critical patent/EP1252681A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell, and a manufacturing method therefor.
  • MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
  • catalytically active electrode coatings are applied directly to the membrane.
  • the general property of electrodes manufactured in this and a similar way is that they are coated with a homogeneous thickness and a constant concentration of active material. Since the conversion of the process gases takes place at the so-called 3-phase boundary layer (catalyst, gas, electrolyte), a large part of the catalyst in each electrode is unused for the electrochemical reaction.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell and a manufacturing method for this, in which flexibility in the thickness of the electrocatalyst layer is ensured.
  • the object is achieved with respect to the membrane electrode unit by the entirety of the features of patent claim 1. Developments are specified in the dependent claims. Suitable processes for the production of such rather membrane electrode units are the subject of the method claims.
  • the invention relates to a membrane-electrode unit for a fuel cell in which the electrocatalyst layer and / or the noble metal concentration is asymmetrical, the distribution of the electrocatalyst layer and / or the noble metal concentration being adapted to the requirements of the respective membrane area.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a membrane-electrode unit, in which the membrane is rolled onto and / or sprayed onto the electrode.
  • a low concentration of catalyst powder and / or precious metal is necessary in the areas of the active cell area where there is high process gas with a high proportion of reactant and high temperature (e.g. at the gas inlet). In the poorly flowed areas of the active cell area, however, a higher degree of coverage of the membrane with catalyst powder and / or noble metal is advisable in order to achieve a uniform reaction over the entire area, if possible.
  • an asymmetrical, solid support for the catalyst powder lies on the membrane, which promotes the asymmetrical distribution of the catalyst powder and / or the noble metal.
  • the asymmetry of the layer of catalyst powder and / or noble metal coating and / or the carrier relates to the thickness and / or height of the layer and / or the carrier and / or to the concentration of the noble metal in the layer, so that a layer with a uniform thickness but different concentrations of precious metal also fall under the term "asymmetrical 1 " used here.
  • the electrode has no solid support, but the membrane is coated asymmetrically with catalyst paste or catalyst ink, in accordance with the rate of conversion of the area.
  • the coating can be done by rolling or spraying.
  • the electrode also connects directly to the membrane without a solid support, the asymmetry of the noble metal concentration being introduced in the electrode when producing the catalyst paste and / or catalyst ink.
  • FIG. 1 shows the section through the upper half of a membrane electrode assembly with the coating of an electrocatalyst powder
  • FIG. 2 shows the top view of a membrane electrode assembly.
  • MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
  • PEM Polymer Electrode Membrane
  • Such membranes are commercially available under the protective name Nafion, only the upper part being shown in FIG. 1.
  • an electrode for example a cathode of the MEA
  • catalyst powder on the one hand and carbon particles as carriers for the catalyst particles are applied to the membrane.
  • a thin catalyst layer results directly on the surface of the membrane, and depending on the distance from the membrane surface, the concentration of the catalyst can be reduced as required.
  • Individual soot particles are indicated in FIG. 1, on the surfaces of which the much more finely divided catalyst particles 3 are attached. Areas with a three-phase boundary are formed from the surface of the membrane 1 and areas of the soot grains 2 and catalyst particles 3, which is indicated by 5.
  • An MEA is designated by 10 in FIG.
  • a rectangular surface with dimensions a and b results.
  • Three separate areas are defined in the area, namely an area E near the inlet, an area M in the middle and an area A near the outlet.
  • Practical experience from the relationship between reactant concentration in the process gas and catalyst occupancy has shown that there is less need for catalyst in the inlet area E of the electrode area than in the outlet area A where the process gas is depleted of reactant to be converted.
  • Another exemplary embodiment for asymmetrical catalytic converter occupancy is useful when using additional catalytic converter materials.
  • the high proportion of CO which is known as a catalyst poison in platinum
  • a catalyst such as e.g. Ruthenium, which has an increased catalytic activity for CO oxidation, specifically converts the CO in the inlet area. Pure platinum is then available in the outlet area for converting the reaction gas.
  • An asymmetrical structure of the catalyst layer is also advantageous for optimized thermal management, in particular in the selective autothermal heating of the cell or the stack by direct recombination of the reactants in the cell.
  • An analog, but external heating process is described in the other context.
  • the (electro) catalyst powder, paste, ink and / or general electrocatalyst layer is the catalytically active coating, depending on the stage of manufacture, which causes the controlled detonating gas reaction to take place in the fuel cell unit.
  • the finished Elektrokata ⁇ lysator für on the membrane is referred to as electrode and contains noble metal in a concentration sufficient that acti ⁇ be archived on the layer incident Listegasteilchen.
  • a typical example of a catalyst powder is platinum powder.
  • the membrane any type of membrane and / or matrix designated ⁇ net, which is a polymeric electrolyte in the fuel cell.
  • a membrane lies on the hot roller with which an electrode is coated.
  • the membrane is sprayed onto the electrode.
  • the membrane is approximately half the thickness of the finished membrane.
  • the two electrodes are coated separately with a membrane, so that one half of the membrane electrode unit is formed.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly is then created by applying the two membrane halves to one another.
  • the finished membrane electrode assembly is only created by assembling the fuel cell stack, because only then does the membrane halves meet when the two coated electrodes meet and the actual membrane electrolyte is produced in the required thickness.
  • Membrane halves can be combined, can advantageously be used to ensure that additional layers, such as another ca Talysator GmbH, electrolyte powder or other materials can be incorporated in the middle of the membrane.
  • the manufacturing process is characterized in that the electrodes are coated with a membrane for the first time and not - as in the prior art - the electrode coating is applied to the membrane.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité membrane-électrodes pour une pile à combustible, en particulier un pile à combustible avec membrane électrolytique en polymère (PEM), ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication. Selon l'invention, le métal précieux, onéreux, est réparti sur la membrane de manière asymétrique, en fonction du besoin de la zone correspondante. Le procédé de fabrication est caractérisé en ce que les électrodes sont tout d'abord recouvertes par la membrane et non l'inverse.
EP00990572A 1999-12-23 2000-12-22 Unite membrane-electrodes pour une pile a combustible et procede de fabrication Withdrawn EP1252681A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19962686 1999-12-23
DE19962686A DE19962686A1 (de) 1999-12-23 1999-12-23 Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine Brennstoffzelle und Herstellungsverfahren dazu
PCT/DE2000/004595 WO2001048854A2 (fr) 1999-12-23 2000-12-22 Unite membrane-electrodes pour une pile a combustible et procede de fabrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1252681A2 true EP1252681A2 (fr) 2002-10-30

Family

ID=7934283

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00990572A Withdrawn EP1252681A2 (fr) 1999-12-23 2000-12-22 Unite membrane-electrodes pour une pile a combustible et procede de fabrication

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20020192533A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1252681A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003518724A (fr)
CN (1) CN1425207A (fr)
CA (1) CA2395542A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19962686A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001048854A2 (fr)

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DE10056537A1 (de) * 2000-11-15 2002-06-20 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10112232A1 (de) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-19 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Elektrode oder Elektrodenverbundeinheit und Gasdiffusionselektrode
TWI265654B (en) 2001-11-21 2006-11-01 Polyfuel Inc Catalyst agglomerates for membrane electrode assemblies
JP2003173785A (ja) * 2001-12-05 2003-06-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 固体高分子型燃料電池用触媒層の形成方法及びその形成装置
DE10254114B4 (de) * 2002-11-20 2007-09-27 Ballard Power Systems Inc., Burnaby Gasdiffusionselektrode, Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzelle und Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzellenstapel
US6855453B2 (en) * 2002-12-30 2005-02-15 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Fuel cell having a corrosion resistant and protected cathode catalyst layer
JP4493954B2 (ja) * 2003-09-01 2010-06-30 パナソニック株式会社 高分子電解質膜−電極接合体およびこれを用いた高分子電解質型燃料電池
US20050095494A1 (en) 2003-11-03 2005-05-05 Fuss Robert L. Variable catalyst loading based on flow field geometry
JP5124900B2 (ja) * 2003-11-06 2013-01-23 トヨタ自動車株式会社 スタック構造を有する燃料電池
JP4917737B2 (ja) * 2003-11-12 2012-04-18 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池用電解質膜および燃料電池
JP4967220B2 (ja) * 2004-03-30 2012-07-04 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池
GB0411733D0 (en) * 2004-05-26 2004-06-30 Johnson Matthey Plc Anode structure
JP2006012476A (ja) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池用膜−電極接合体
FR2894076B1 (fr) * 2005-11-30 2014-07-11 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de fabrication, par depot sur un support, d'electrode pour pile a combustible
JP5034252B2 (ja) * 2006-02-07 2012-09-26 凸版印刷株式会社 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層およびその製造方法
US8815468B2 (en) * 2009-06-24 2014-08-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Layered electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies employing the same
US9325017B2 (en) * 2009-07-28 2016-04-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method for controlling ionomer and platinum distribution in a fuel cell electrode
JP5178673B2 (ja) * 2009-09-24 2013-04-10 本田技研工業株式会社 固体高分子型燃料電池
US20210226240A1 (en) * 2018-05-30 2021-07-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Fuel cell limiting co poisoning and poisoning diagnostic process
DE102019104561A1 (de) 2019-02-22 2020-08-27 Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kompositschicht, elektrochemische Einheit und Verwendung der Kompositschicht
CN114204041B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2023-12-05 广东泰极动力科技有限公司 一种燃料电池催化层结构及其制作工艺

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19962686A1 (de) 2001-07-26
WO2001048854A3 (fr) 2002-03-28
WO2001048854A2 (fr) 2001-07-05
US20020192533A1 (en) 2002-12-19
CA2395542A1 (fr) 2001-07-05
CN1425207A (zh) 2003-06-18
JP2003518724A (ja) 2003-06-10

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