EP1252270A1 - Combustible emulsionne stable en temperature - Google Patents
Combustible emulsionne stable en temperatureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252270A1 EP1252270A1 EP00993629A EP00993629A EP1252270A1 EP 1252270 A1 EP1252270 A1 EP 1252270A1 EP 00993629 A EP00993629 A EP 00993629A EP 00993629 A EP00993629 A EP 00993629A EP 1252270 A1 EP1252270 A1 EP 1252270A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- additives
- carbon atoms
- chosen
- fuel
- linear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- -1 sorbitol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005078 sorbitan sesquioleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GVTLFGJNTIRUEG-ZHACJKMWSA-N (e)-n-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GVTLFGJNTIRUEG-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010053481 Antifreeze Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VHWYCFISAQVCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethanol Chemical compound COCO VHWYCFISAQVCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
Definitions
- the present invention relates to emulsified fuels stable in temperature up to more than 70 ° C and down to less than -10 ° C, in particular, fuels intended for use in thermal engines. More specifically, the fuels envisaged in the context of the invention mainly contain liquid hydrocarbons and in particular:
- oxygenated compounds such as mono and polyalcohols.
- the present invention relates more specifically to the composition of the fuels constituted by water / liquid hydrocarbon emulsions, preferably water / diesel emulsions which are economically advantageous and which limit the problems of environmental pollution. It will therefore be a question in this presentation of stabilized water / hydrocarbon emulsions, comprising surfactants capable of promoting and keeping the emulsion stable for temperature variations between -10 ° C. and beyond 70 ° C. Water quickly appeared as an interesting partial additive or substitute for petrol or diesel. because it is inexpensive and non-toxic, it reduces specific fuel consumption and the emission of visible or invisible pollutants.
- 2,470,153 which discloses an emulsified fuel, comprising hydrocarbons, water, an alcohol (methanol, ethanol) and an emulsifying system formed by sorbitan monooleate and by ethoxylated nonylphenol.
- concentration of the emulsifying system in the emulsion is between 3 and 10% by volume.
- the essential presence of alcohol in this emulsion constitutes an extremely penalizing element, in particular with regard to the economy and the engine performance likely to be obtained with this emulsion.
- the stability of this water-alcohol / hydrocarbon emulsion is not very convincing.
- phase separation phase shift / demixing
- US Pat. No. 4,877,414 discloses an emulsified fuel comprising a certain number of additives, including an emulsifying system formed by sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan mono-oleate and polyoxyethylene ether ( 6 EO) of dodecyl alcohol.
- the total concentration of all the additives is approximately 2.1%.
- the other additives that can be used can be: a mono- ⁇ -olefin (decene-1), methoxymethanol, toluene, alkyl benzene and calcium hydroxide. This formula is extremely complex, if only by the number of additives used. It is also relatively expensive.
- the fuel emulsified according to this patent also suffers from a lack of stability, in particular at low temperature.
- the Applicant has moreover been able to clearly demonstrate this by reproducing the preferred example of implementation of the emulsified fuel according to this US patent. It turned out that the emulsion separates (dephazes) within an hour. The phenomenon is further accentuated at low temperatures below 5 ° C. We hardly dare imagine, what could happen in vehicle tanks containing this emulsion during a harsh winter.
- N ° 101: 57 568 z targets an emulsified fuel comprising hydrocarbons constituted by derivatives of extremely viscous and heavy petroleum, water, ethanol and an emulsifier consisting of ethoxylated nonylphenol.
- This emulsified fuel is intended to be used in ovens, conventional oil burners. This fuel cannot meet the expected specifications for combustion performance, limitation of pollutants and low consumption in the thermal engines of heavy and light vehicles. In addition, the physicochemical stability of this emulsion is not good.
- Patent application WO 97/34969 in the name of the Applicant, describes emulsified fuels that the present invention proposes to improve.
- emulsified fuels which can be fuels, comprise specific quantities of hydrocarbons and a set of additives in minor quantities, including in particular an emulsifying system comprising at least one sorbitol ester, at least one polyalkoxylated fatty acid ester of HLB greater than or equal to 9, and at least one alkylphenolpolyalkoxylated HLB of between 10 and 15, the respective concentration ratios of these components varying from 2.5 - 3.5; 1.5 - 2.5; 0.5 - 1.9.
- the dispersed phase of these emulsified fuels consists of water present in an amount of 5 to 35% by weight while the additives are present in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight.
- the present invention relates to an emulsified fuel which is stable for at least four days at more than 70 ° C., the stability of the fuel when cold, that is to say at -10 ° C. or even in storage up to 40 ° C. maintained at least three months without untimely settling.
- it aims to obtain an emulsified fuel that is satisfactory for all government administrations in terms of the environment.
- the present invention therefore relates to an emulsified fuel containing a major part of hydrocarbon liquid and a minor part of 5 to 35% by weight of water, containing a set of additives among which an emulsifying system comprising: i) of 2, 5 to 3.5 parts by weight of at least one sorbitol ester of formula (I) below;
- radicals X are identical or different and each correspond to a group chosen from the groups OR, with R corresponding to hydrogen or an aliphatic radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the groups R 2 -COO- with R 2 corresponding to hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group and comprising from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one radical X corresponding to R 2 -COO- , ii) from 1.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of at least one polyalkoxylated fatty acid ester of formula (II) below:
- R 3 is an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group and comprising from 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms
- n is an integer greater than or equal to 6, preferably varying between 6 and 30, and finally R 5 corresponds to hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or to
- R 9 CH - (CH 2 ) m - O - (R 7 O) p -R 8 (III) in which Rg and Rio are identical or different linear or branched alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R 7 being a linear or branched alkylene comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3, Rs being chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and
- Rn being an aliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, optionally substituted by hydroxyl functions and comprising from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, m and p being whole numbers varying respectively from 0 to 20 and from 3 to 10, the HLB of the emulsifying system varying from 6 to 8.
- the stability in use and the storage stability of the emulsions according to the invention are preserved compared with the state of the art.
- This temperature stability greater than three days is obtained by introducing the emulsifying system into the emulsified fuel at a concentration of at most 2% by weight.
- the preferred sorbitol esters are chosen from sorbitol oleates taken alone or as a mixture, sorbitol sesquioleate being preferred.
- the fatty acid esters of formula (II) are chosen from polyethylene glycol oleates, stearates and ricinoleates.
- the preferred esters are those in which the polyethylene glycol fraction has a molecular weight less than or equal to 600, and preferably less than 450.
- the polyalkoxylated compounds of formula (III) which, in combination with the two other components of the emulsifying system, the stability of the fuel when hot, are chosen from iso di and trialkylated alcohols, each alkyl radical having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from alcohols whose alkyl radicals contain from 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, they are chosen from isotridecylic alcohols comprising from 3 to 10 ethoxylated groups.
- the hydrocarbon liquid constituting the major part of the fuel is chosen from the group consisting of gasolines, middle distillates, synthetic fuels, animal or vegetable oils, esterified or not, and their mixtures.
- the emulsified fuel according to the invention comprises, in addition to the hydrocarbon phase, water and the emulsifying system of other additives such as procetanes preferably chosen from peroxides and / or nitrates and their mixtures, and optionally a post-metal catalyst.
- the said metal being one of those from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, barium, cerium, copper, iron or mixtures thereof. It may also contain in the aqueous phase a biocide, preferably a bactericide and / or a fungicide, and also an antifreeze.
- the fuel according to the invention may contain usual additives such as filterability additives, cloud point improvement additives, lubricant and anti-sedimentation additives, anti-wear additives, anti-foam additives, anti-corrosion additives, additives detergents, and / or additives or additive compositions for improving cold operability
- additives such as filterability additives, cloud point improvement additives, lubricant and anti-sedimentation additives, anti-wear additives, anti-foam additives, anti-corrosion additives, additives detergents, and / or additives or additive compositions for improving cold operability
- procetane additive in particular (but not limited to) chosen from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, aroyl peroxides, preferably benzoyl peroxide, and alkyl peroxides, preferably tert-butyl peroxide
- filterability additive in particular (but not limited to) chosen from ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene / vinyl propionate (TEU), ethylene / ethanoate copolymers vinyl (EVE), ethylene / methyl methacrylate (EMMA), and ethylene / alkyl fumarate
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate
- EEU ethylene / vinyl propionate
- EVE ethylene / ethanoate copolymers vinyl
- EMMA ethylene / methyl methacrylate
- anti-foam additive in particular (but not limited to) chosen from polysiloxanes, oxyalkyl
- EP-A-0261959 EP-A- 00593331, EP-A-0674689, EP-A-0327423, EP-A-0512889, EP-A-0832172.
- polyfunctional cold operability additive chosen from the group consisting of polymers based on olefin and alkenyl nitrate as described in French application No. 99 12549 of October 8, 1999.
- a second subject of the invention is the composition of fuel additives essentially containing the emulsifying system and optionally at least one other additive chosen from the compounds of the group consisting of procetanes, catalytic combustion and soot promoters, biocides, anti-freeze, detergents, lubricant additives, anti-foam additives, anti-corrosion additives, anti-wear additives and additives or additive compositions to improve cold operability.
- the present example aims to present the stability results of the emulsified fuels of the invention compared to those of the known technique.
- composition of the emulsifying systems are given in Table I below:
- compositions A, C and F are compositions according to the invention, the compositions B, D, E and N serve as comparative examples.
- the quality of the emulsions was assessed according to criteria of particle size, storage stability whatever the ambient temperature, stability in use, storage stability and temperature stability.
- the homogeneous appearance of the droplets of water dispersed in the continuous diesel phase is characterized by the average size of the particles and their distribution.
- the stability of the emulsion in use is characterized by an absence of demixing / decantation or other rupture of the emulsion in a 1 liter beaker having undergone a stimulating cycle corresponding to the presumed recirculation cycle of the diesel fuel in a car tank.
- stimulating cycle is meant a temperature cycle which consists of:
- Storage stability is determined by an absence of demixing / decantation after three months of static storage in frustoconical flasks of three samples maintained at 0 ° C, 20 ° C and 40 ° C respectively.
- the demixing is characterized by the separation into two distinct phases which are not necessarily clear.
- Hot stability is characterized by a total absence of demixing / settling after four days of static storage at 75 ° C.
- demixing is characterized by the separation into two clear phases.
- Stabilities are assessed by the more or less long time separating the preparation of the emulsion and the time of demixing / settling. This time can be assessed according to the stability appreciated in hours (h), days (d), weeks (s) and months (m).
- composition A B C D E F F 'G H / J L M N Surfactants
- Dispersity mono mono mono mono mono mono mono mono mono mono mono poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly poly particle size (d) 1 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ m 1-10 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1-20 ⁇ m 1- 20mrr
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9916380 | 1999-12-23 | ||
FR9916380A FR2802941B1 (fr) | 1999-12-23 | 1999-12-23 | Combustible emulsionne stable en temperature |
PCT/FR2000/003483 WO2001048123A1 (fr) | 1999-12-23 | 2000-12-12 | Combustible emulsionne stable en temperature |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252270A1 true EP1252270A1 (fr) | 2002-10-30 |
EP1252270B1 EP1252270B1 (fr) | 2005-11-02 |
Family
ID=9553748
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00993629A Expired - Lifetime EP1252270B1 (fr) | 1999-12-23 | 2000-12-12 | Combustible emulsionne stable en temperature |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6793694B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1252270B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003518550A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100730067B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE308602T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2855001A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0016907A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2394784A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60023749T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1252270T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2246934T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2802941B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP0204073A2 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA02006265A (fr) |
MY (1) | MY127900A (fr) |
PL (1) | PL191935B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001048123A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200204659B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1152049A2 (fr) * | 2000-05-05 | 2001-11-07 | Intevep SA | Emulsion d' eau en hydrocarbure utilisable comme combustible a faibles émissions et méthode de sa préparation |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060130394A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Flint Hills Resources, L.P. | Performance diesel fuels and additives |
AP2008004651A0 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2008-10-31 | New Generation Biofuels Inc | Biofuel composition and method of producing a biofuel |
FR2925909B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-09-17 | Total France | Additifs bifonctionnels pour hydrocarbures liquides obtenus par greffage a partir de copolymeres d'ethylene et/ou de propylene et d'esters vinyliques |
FR2925916B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-11-12 | Total France | Terpolymere ethylene/acetate de vinyle/esters insatures comme additif ameliorant la tenue a froid des hydrocarbures liquides comme les distillats moyens et les carburants ou combustibles |
KR101071204B1 (ko) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-10-10 | 이영서 | 중유용 연료첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 연료유 |
WO2022096316A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | Basf Se | Emballage d'émulsifiant à tensioactif à chaîne courte et facultativement à tensioactif à chaîne longue pour émulsion de combustible |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4877414A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-31 | Kenneth Mekonen | Fuel compositions |
FR2746106B1 (fr) * | 1996-03-15 | 1998-08-28 | Combustible emulsionne et l'un de ses procedes d'obtention | |
AU6613598A (en) * | 1997-01-16 | 1998-08-07 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel-water emulsions |
US6648929B1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2003-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions |
TW589369B (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2004-06-01 | Kune-Muh Tsai | Emulsion fuel oil additive |
-
1999
- 1999-12-23 FR FR9916380A patent/FR2802941B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-12-12 AT AT00993629T patent/ATE308602T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-12 KR KR1020027008177A patent/KR100730067B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-12 ES ES00993629T patent/ES2246934T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-12 EP EP00993629A patent/EP1252270B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-12 BR BR0016907-2A patent/BR0016907A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-12 MX MXPA02006265A patent/MXPA02006265A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-12 HU HU0204073A patent/HUP0204073A2/hu unknown
- 2000-12-12 JP JP2001548642A patent/JP2003518550A/ja active Pending
- 2000-12-12 WO PCT/FR2000/003483 patent/WO2001048123A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-12 PL PL355490A patent/PL191935B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-12 US US10/149,862 patent/US6793694B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-12 DK DK00993629T patent/DK1252270T3/da active
- 2000-12-12 AU AU28550/01A patent/AU2855001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-12 DE DE60023749T patent/DE60023749T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-12 CA CA002394784A patent/CA2394784A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-21 MY MYPI20006086A patent/MY127900A/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-06-11 ZA ZA200204659A patent/ZA200204659B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0148123A1 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1152049A2 (fr) * | 2000-05-05 | 2001-11-07 | Intevep SA | Emulsion d' eau en hydrocarbure utilisable comme combustible a faibles émissions et méthode de sa préparation |
EP1152049A3 (fr) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-02-05 | Intevep SA | Emulsion d' eau en hydrocarbure utilisable comme combustible a faibles émissions et méthode de sa préparation |
EP1616933A3 (fr) * | 2000-05-05 | 2008-09-10 | Intevep SA | Emulsion d' eau en hydrocarbure utilisable comme combustible a faibles émissions et méthode de sa préparation |
US7704288B2 (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2010-04-27 | Intevep, S.A. | Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE308602T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
BR0016907A (pt) | 2002-10-29 |
DK1252270T3 (da) | 2006-03-20 |
MXPA02006265A (es) | 2003-01-28 |
ES2246934T3 (es) | 2006-03-01 |
US20040107633A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
PL191935B1 (pl) | 2006-07-31 |
CA2394784A1 (fr) | 2001-07-05 |
FR2802941B1 (fr) | 2002-04-05 |
KR100730067B1 (ko) | 2007-06-20 |
DE60023749D1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
MY127900A (en) | 2006-12-29 |
FR2802941A1 (fr) | 2001-06-29 |
ZA200204659B (en) | 2002-12-23 |
JP2003518550A (ja) | 2003-06-10 |
WO2001048123A1 (fr) | 2001-07-05 |
DE60023749T2 (de) | 2006-07-13 |
HUP0204073A2 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
PL355490A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
KR20020071900A (ko) | 2002-09-13 |
EP1252270B1 (fr) | 2005-11-02 |
US6793694B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
AU2855001A (en) | 2001-07-09 |
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