EP1243547A1 - Filling head for still beverages - Google Patents

Filling head for still beverages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1243547A1
EP1243547A1 EP02004733A EP02004733A EP1243547A1 EP 1243547 A1 EP1243547 A1 EP 1243547A1 EP 02004733 A EP02004733 A EP 02004733A EP 02004733 A EP02004733 A EP 02004733A EP 1243547 A1 EP1243547 A1 EP 1243547A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
outlet
bottle
filling element
sterile gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02004733A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1243547B1 (en
Inventor
Jörn Richard Fehland
Jens H. Dr.-Ing. Pöpplau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KHS GmbH
Original Assignee
Alfill Engineering & Co Kg GmbH
Alfill Engineering & Co K GmbH
Alfill Engineering & Co Kg GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfill Engineering & Co Kg GmbH, Alfill Engineering & Co K GmbH, Alfill Engineering & Co Kg GmbH filed Critical Alfill Engineering & Co Kg GmbH
Publication of EP1243547A1 publication Critical patent/EP1243547A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1243547B1 publication Critical patent/EP1243547B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22—Details
    • B67C3/26—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks
    • B67C3/2642—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks specially adapted for sterilising prior to filling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/04—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus without applying pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22—Details
    • B67C2003/228—Aseptic features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22—Details
    • B67C3/26—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks
    • B67C2003/2688—Means for filling containers in defined atmospheric conditions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filling element mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 Art.
  • Filling organs for still drinks are mostly in generic training open, i.e. without sealing the outlet to the container edge.
  • the object of the present invention is a filling element of the beginning to create the type mentioned, the high quality requirements for open bottling with regard to freedom from oxygen and sterility.
  • the filling element according to the invention has an annular nozzle which emits an annular or tubular gas curtain in the filling direction concentrically with the filling jet.
  • This curtain wraps around the outlet and the edge of the container, i.e. around the bottle neck for bottles, and seals the inside of the curtain against gas entering from outside, and thus against the introduction of oxygen and germs.
  • a conventional aseptic and oxygen-free sterile gas such as nitrogen or CO 2 can be used.
  • the features of claim 2 are advantageously provided.
  • One preferably Irradiated source of sterilizing radiation arranged around the filling element the edge of the container or the neck areas of the bottle and, if necessary the environment and also ensures sterility in this area. The This further improves the sterility of the filling.
  • the source can be pulsed or operated non-pulsed and suitable sterilizing radiation such as Deliver gamma radiation. Is particularly suitable for the present purposes UV radiation from a ring light.
  • the features of claim 3 are advantageously provided.
  • the jet nozzle that is preferably directed into the container mouth, before the start of the filling process Blow sterile gas into the container and rinse it out so that there are any Germs and oxygen are removed before the filling process begins. This also increases the sterility and freedom from oxygen in the filling process improved.
  • the gas emerging from the container is released from the gas curtain away. Any germs contained are sterilized by the Radiation killed.
  • the invention is for example and with a single figure schematically based on a partially sectioned side view of an inventive Filling organ shown above a bottle during filling.
  • the container to be filled is a modern one, made of PET or other material manufactured beverage bottle 1 shown below the edge 2 of its mouth Neck 3 has the usual neck collar 4.
  • the bottle 1 is not shown Means, for example, with one reaching under the neck collar 4 Holders held in the position shown.
  • a filling element 5 is arranged with a simplified Representation of the outlet 6, shown as a tube, from the beverage 7, as shown, is filled into bottle 1.
  • the lower edge 8 of the outlet 6 is at a distance from the edge 2 of the bottle 1. So it is filled open. This filling method is the case for still drinks be filled without pressure, usual.
  • An annular nozzle 9 is arranged around the outlet 6, attached to it, the gas with the ring nozzle opening directed downwards parallel to the outlet 6 radiates downwards that the ring nozzle 9 via a feed line 10 from a Sterile gas source, not shown, is supplied.
  • the gas is going towards the Arrows 11 ejected downwards and thus forms a tubular gas curtain with a ring cross-section that defines the outlet 6 and the neck 3 of the bottle 1 encloses.
  • Ring light provided for the generation of UV light.
  • This has a ring reflector 12 and a ring lamp 13. It shines in the direction of arrows 14 below on the area of the neck 3 and the edge 2 of the bottle 1 and provides by UV radiation for a further improvement in sterility in this area.
  • the filling element 5 also has a jet nozzle 15, which in the exemplary embodiment arranged in the interior of the outlet 6 and to the outside via a supply line 16 is connected.
  • the jet nozzle 15 is also under sterile gas Pressure supplied and from this in the direction of arrow 17 in the opening of Blown bottle 1. With valves, not shown, the jet nozzle 15 is switched so that it blows sterile gas into bottle 1 before the filling process begins, in order to rinse them out to reduce the oxygen content and the germ content.
  • the jet nozzle 15 can also be in addition to the Spout 6, directed towards the mouth of the bottle 1, may be arranged.

Landscapes

  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)

Abstract

The filler element (5) has an outlet (6) with concentrically positioned annular nozzle (9) blowing sterile gas in the filling direction. The filler element incorporates a source of sterilizing radiation (12,13), and has a jet nozzle (15) blowing sterile gas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Füllorgan der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Art.The invention relates to a filling element mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 Art.

Füllorgane für stille Getränke werden zumeist in gattungsgemäßer Ausbildung offen, also ohne Abdichtung des Auslaufes zum Behälterrand verwendet.Filling organs for still drinks are mostly in generic training open, i.e. without sealing the outlet to the container edge.

Da der Auslauf des Füllorgans gegenüber dem Behälter nicht abgedichtet ist, besteht die Gefahr von Verunreinigungen des Getränks mit Sauerstoff und Keimen. Werden sehr hohe Anforderungen an Sauerstofffreiheit und Keimfreiheit gestellt, so muß abgedichtet gefüllt werden, was den apparativen Aufwand erhöht.Since the outlet of the filling element is not sealed off from the container, there is the risk of contamination of the drink with oxygen and germs. If there are very high requirements for freedom from oxygen and sterility, so must be filled sealed, which increases the outlay on equipment.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Füllorgan der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das bei offener Abfüllung hohe Qualitätsanforderungen hinsichtlich Sauerstofffreiheit und Sterilität erfüllt.The object of the present invention is a filling element of the beginning to create the type mentioned, the high quality requirements for open bottling with regard to freedom from oxygen and sterility.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. This object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße Füllorgan weist eine Ringdüse auf, die konzentrisch zum Füllstrahl einen ringförmigen bzw. schlauchförmigen Gasvorhang in Füllrichtung abstrahlt. Dieser Vorhang legt sich um den Auslauf und den Rand des Behälters, bei Flaschen also um den Flaschenhals und dichtet das Innere des Vorhanges gegen von außen eintretendes Gas, und somit gegen das Einschleppen von Sauerstoff und Keimen ab. Es kann ein übliches keimfreies und sauerstofffreies Sterilgas, wie beispielsweise Stickstoff oder CO2 verwendet werden.The filling element according to the invention has an annular nozzle which emits an annular or tubular gas curtain in the filling direction concentrically with the filling jet. This curtain wraps around the outlet and the edge of the container, i.e. around the bottle neck for bottles, and seals the inside of the curtain against gas entering from outside, and thus against the introduction of oxygen and germs. A conventional aseptic and oxygen-free sterile gas such as nitrogen or CO 2 can be used.

Vorteilhaft sind die Merkmale des Anspruches 2 vorgesehen. Eine vorzugsweise ringförmig um das Füllorgan angeordnete Quelle sterilisierender Strahlung bestrahlt den Behälterrand bzw. die Halsbereiche der Flasche sowie gegebenenfalls auch die Umgebung und sorgt zusätzlich für Keimfreiheit in diesem Bereich. Die Sterilität der Abfüllung wird dadurch weiter verbessert. Die Quelle kann gepulst oder ungepulst betrieben werden und geeignet sterilisierende Strahlung wie z.B. Gammastrahlung abgeben. Besonders für die vorliegenden Zwecke geeignet ist UV-Strahlung aus einer Ringleuchte.The features of claim 2 are advantageously provided. One preferably Irradiated source of sterilizing radiation arranged around the filling element the edge of the container or the neck areas of the bottle and, if necessary the environment and also ensures sterility in this area. The This further improves the sterility of the filling. The source can be pulsed or operated non-pulsed and suitable sterilizing radiation such as Deliver gamma radiation. Is particularly suitable for the present purposes UV radiation from a ring light.

Vorteilhaft sind die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 vorgesehen. Die Strahldüse, die vorzugsweise in die Behältermündung gerichtet ist, kann vor Beginn des Füllvorganges Sterilgas in den Behälter blasen und diesen ausspülen, so daß dort vorhandene Keime und Sauerstoff vor Beginn des Füllvorganges entfernt werden. Auch hierdurch wird die Sterilität und Sauerstofffreiheit des Füllvorganges weiter verbessert. Das aus dem Behälter dabei austretende Gas wird von dem Gasvorhang entfernt. Gegebenenfalls enthaltene Keime werden von der sterilisierenden Strahlung abgetötet.The features of claim 3 are advantageously provided. The jet nozzle that is preferably directed into the container mouth, before the start of the filling process Blow sterile gas into the container and rinse it out so that there are any Germs and oxygen are removed before the filling process begins. This also increases the sterility and freedom from oxygen in the filling process improved. The gas emerging from the container is released from the gas curtain away. Any germs contained are sterilized by the Radiation killed.

In der Zeichnung ist mit einer einzigen Figur die Erfindung beispielsweise und schematisch anhand einer teilgeschnittenen Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Füllorgans während des Füllens über einer Flasche dargestellt. In the drawing, the invention is for example and with a single figure schematically based on a partially sectioned side view of an inventive Filling organ shown above a bottle during filling.

Als zu befüllender Behälter ist eine moderne, aus PET oder anderem Material gefertigte Getränkeflasche 1 dargestellt, die unter dem Rand 2 ihrer Mündung am Hals 3 den üblichen Halskragen 4 aufweist. Die Flasche 1 ist mit nicht dargestellten Mitteln beispielsweise mit einem unter den Halskragen 4 greifenden Halter in der dargestellten Position gehalten.The container to be filled is a modern one, made of PET or other material manufactured beverage bottle 1 shown below the edge 2 of its mouth Neck 3 has the usual neck collar 4. The bottle 1 is not shown Means, for example, with one reaching under the neck collar 4 Holders held in the position shown.

Oberhalb der Flasche ist ein Füllorgan 5 angeordnet mit einem in vereinfachter Darstellung als Rohr dargestellten Auslauf 6, aus dem Getränk 7, wie dargestellt, in die Flasche 1 gefüllt wird.Above the bottle, a filling element 5 is arranged with a simplified Representation of the outlet 6, shown as a tube, from the beverage 7, as shown, is filled into bottle 1.

Der untere Rand 8 des Auslaufes 6 steht dabei im Abstand zum Rand 2 der Flasche 1. Es wird also offen gefüllt. Diese Füllweise ist bei stillen Getränken, die drucklos gefüllt werden, üblich.The lower edge 8 of the outlet 6 is at a distance from the edge 2 of the bottle 1. So it is filled open. This filling method is the case for still drinks be filled without pressure, usual.

Um den Auslauf 6 herum ist, an diesem befestigt, eine Ringdüse 9 angeordnet, die mit nach unten parallel zum Auslauf 6 gerichteter Ringdüsenöffnung Gas nach unten abstrahlt, das der Ringdüse 9 über eine Zufuhrleitung 10 von einer nicht dargestellten Sterilgasquelle zugeführt wird. Das Gas wird in Richtung der Pfeile 11 nach unten ausgestoßen und bildet somit einen schlauchförmigen Gasvorhang mit Ringquerschnitt, der den Auslauf 6 und den Hals 3 der Flasche 1 umschließt.An annular nozzle 9 is arranged around the outlet 6, attached to it, the gas with the ring nozzle opening directed downwards parallel to the outlet 6 radiates downwards that the ring nozzle 9 via a feed line 10 from a Sterile gas source, not shown, is supplied. The gas is going towards the Arrows 11 ejected downwards and thus forms a tubular gas curtain with a ring cross-section that defines the outlet 6 and the neck 3 of the bottle 1 encloses.

Dadurch wird der Raum im Bereich des Randes 2 der Flasche 1 und zwischen der Flasche und dem Auslauf 6 gegen Zutritt von Sauerstoff und Keimen aus der Umgebung geschützt. Als Sterilgas kann z.B. Stickstoff oder CO2 verwendet werden. Ein nicht dargestelltes Ventil in der Zufuhrleitung 10 kann so geschaltet werden, daß der Sterilgasvorhang nur während des Füllvorganges eingeschaltet ist. This protects the space in the area of the edge 2 of the bottle 1 and between the bottle and the outlet 6 against the ingress of oxygen and germs from the environment. For example, nitrogen or CO 2 can be used as the sterile gas. A valve, not shown, in the supply line 10 can be switched so that the sterile gas curtain is only switched on during the filling process.

Am Füllorgan 5, im Ausführungsbeispiel auf der Ringdüse 9 sitzend, ist eine Ringleuchte zur Erzeugung von UV-Licht vorgesehen. Diese weist einen Ringreflektor 12 und eine Ringlampe 13 auf. Sie strahlt in Richtung der Pfeile 14 nach unten auf den Bereich des Halses 3 und des Randes 2 der Flasche 1 und sorgt durch UV-Bestrahlung für eine weitere Verbesserung der Sterilität in diesem Bereich.On the filling element 5, in the exemplary embodiment sitting on the ring nozzle 9, there is one Ring light provided for the generation of UV light. This has a ring reflector 12 and a ring lamp 13. It shines in the direction of arrows 14 below on the area of the neck 3 and the edge 2 of the bottle 1 and provides by UV radiation for a further improvement in sterility in this area.

Das Füllorgan 5 weist ferner eine Strahldüse 15 auf, die im Ausführungsbeispiel im Inneren des Auslaufes 6 angeordnet und nach außen über eine Versorgungsleitung 16 angeschlossen ist. Der Strahldüse 15 wird ebenfalls Sterilgas unter Druck zugeführt und von dieser in Richtung des Pfeiles 17 in die Öffnung der Flasche 1 geblasen. Mit nicht dargestellten Ventilen ist die Strahldüse 15 so geschaltet, daß sie vor Beginn des Füllvorganges Sterilgas in die Flasche 1 bläst, um diese zur Verringerung des Sauerstoffgehaltes und des Keimgehaltes auszuspülen. Die Strahldüse 15 kann in einer Ausführungsvariante auch neben dem Auslauf 6, auf die Mündung der Flasche 1 gerichtet, angeordnet sein.The filling element 5 also has a jet nozzle 15, which in the exemplary embodiment arranged in the interior of the outlet 6 and to the outside via a supply line 16 is connected. The jet nozzle 15 is also under sterile gas Pressure supplied and from this in the direction of arrow 17 in the opening of Blown bottle 1. With valves, not shown, the jet nozzle 15 is switched so that it blows sterile gas into bottle 1 before the filling process begins, in order to rinse them out to reduce the oxygen content and the germ content. The jet nozzle 15 can also be in addition to the Spout 6, directed towards the mouth of the bottle 1, may be arranged.

Claims (3)

Füllorgan (5) mit einem Auslauf (6), zum offenen Abfüllen stiller Getränke (7) in Behälter (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Füllorgan (5) eine Sterilgas in Füllrichtung abblasende Ringdüse (9) konzentrisch zum Auslauf (6) angeordnet ist.Filling element (5) with an outlet (6) for the open filling of still drinks (7) into containers (1), characterized in that an annular nozzle (9) which blows sterile gas in the filling direction is arranged on the filling element (5) concentrically with the outlet (6) is. Füllorgan nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Füllorgan (5) eine in Füllrichtung abstrahlende Quelle sterilisierender Strahlung (12, 13) angeordnet ist.Filling element according to claim 1, characterized in that a source of sterilizing radiation (12, 13) radiating in the filling direction is arranged on the filling element (5). Füllorgan nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Füllorgan (5) eine Sterilgas in Füllrichtung abblasende Strahldüse (15) angeordnet ist.Filling element according to Claim 1, characterized in that a jet nozzle (15) which blows sterile gas in the filling direction is arranged on the filling element (5).
EP02004733A 2001-03-24 2002-03-01 Filling head for still beverages Expired - Lifetime EP1243547B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10114660A DE10114660C2 (en) 2001-03-24 2001-03-24 Filler for still drinks
DE10114660 2001-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1243547A1 true EP1243547A1 (en) 2002-09-25
EP1243547B1 EP1243547B1 (en) 2005-04-20

Family

ID=7678980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02004733A Expired - Lifetime EP1243547B1 (en) 2001-03-24 2002-03-01 Filling head for still beverages

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6668877B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1243547B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4113367B2 (en)
DE (2) DE10114660C2 (en)

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WO2008006446A1 (en) * 2006-07-08 2008-01-17 Khs Ag Method and device for the frothing of filling material placed in bottles or similar containers

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JP4213012B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-01-21 愛知機械工業株式会社 Cooling channel structure of internal combustion engine
DE10358265A1 (en) 2003-12-11 2005-07-28 Pöpplau, Jens H., Dr.-Ing. Container treatment device with gas curtain
US7681759B2 (en) * 2005-05-26 2010-03-23 Cree, Inc. Fluid-dispensing apparatus with controlled tear-off
DE102007015078A1 (en) 2007-03-29 2008-10-02 Bernd Hansen Device for minimizing the oxygen content
US8069774B2 (en) * 2007-03-30 2011-12-06 Robert Mazur Water purifier and cooler, bottle and cap cleaner, and water filler and nutrient mixer
JP5054192B2 (en) * 2007-07-11 2012-10-24 ストークリー−ヴァン キャンプ インコーポレイテッド Active sterilization zone for container filling
FR2953413B1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2011-12-23 Hema PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR DEVICE FOR PROCESSING CONTAINERS BY ELECTRON BEAM
FR2953414B1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2012-04-06 Hema TREATMENT DEVICE FOR STERILIZING CONTAINERS AND FILLING SAID CONTAINERS
DE102012016124A1 (en) * 2012-08-15 2014-05-15 Khs Gmbh Transport star for container, container transport route and plant for treating containers
EP3099339B1 (en) * 2014-01-31 2018-12-26 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Device and method for sterilization of packaging containers
DE102014117279A1 (en) * 2014-11-25 2016-05-25 Krones Ag Device for filling a container with a filling product
US11897747B1 (en) 2019-03-27 2024-02-13 Abc Fillers, Inc. Multi-container filling machine technologies
DE102020127389A1 (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for treating a container with functional testing

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US5441179A (en) * 1994-05-18 1995-08-15 Marsh; Stephen A. Ultra-violet disinfecting device adapted for use with bottled water dispenser
WO1998055364A1 (en) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-10 Gabriele Stocchi Process for filling containers simultaneously with their sterilisation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008006446A1 (en) * 2006-07-08 2008-01-17 Khs Ag Method and device for the frothing of filling material placed in bottles or similar containers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10114660A1 (en) 2002-10-10
JP4113367B2 (en) 2008-07-09
DE10114660C2 (en) 2003-10-16
DE50202823D1 (en) 2005-05-25
JP2002293398A (en) 2002-10-09
EP1243547B1 (en) 2005-04-20
US20020134457A1 (en) 2002-09-26
US6668877B2 (en) 2003-12-30

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