EP1243502A2 - Engin de débarquement équipé de propulseurs azimutaux fixes et rétractables - Google Patents

Engin de débarquement équipé de propulseurs azimutaux fixes et rétractables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1243502A2
EP1243502A2 EP02290575A EP02290575A EP1243502A2 EP 1243502 A2 EP1243502 A2 EP 1243502A2 EP 02290575 A EP02290575 A EP 02290575A EP 02290575 A EP02290575 A EP 02290575A EP 1243502 A2 EP1243502 A2 EP 1243502A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bow
stern
vessel
hull
waterline
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02290575A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1243502A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert Armour
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kvaerner Masa Marine Inc
Original Assignee
Kvaerner Masa Marine Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kvaerner Masa Marine Inc filed Critical Kvaerner Masa Marine Inc
Publication of EP1243502A2 publication Critical patent/EP1243502A2/fr
Publication of EP1243502A3 publication Critical patent/EP1243502A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/54—Ferries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/14—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of ramps, gangways or outboard ladders ; Pilot lifts
    • B63B27/143—Ramps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B2035/001—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for beach loading or unloading, e.g. landing crafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
    • B63H2025/425—Propulsive elements, other than jets, substantially used for steering or dynamic anchoring only, with means for retracting, or otherwise moving to a rest position outside the water flow around the hull

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a marine vessel, and more particularly, to a landing craft that uses fixed and retractable azimuthing drives in combination with an improved bow shape to obtain both excellent seakeeping and beaching abilities.
  • Prior art landing craft are also destabilized by the surf slamming into the flat stern of the ship when beached.
  • Such craft When extricating from beach, such craft must operate in reverse ⁇ i.e., they drive stern first into the surf, operating its propellers or other propulsion system in reverse. Operation of the propulsion system in this manner is inefficient and taxing on the mechanical systems.
  • Once clear of the shallow draft of the beach area, such ships must perform a broad turn to point the bow of the ship forward, towards the sea, for normal seakeeping operations. This is difficult in rough surf and can result in loss of vessels during combat operations.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,660,131 to Gulling, et al. describes an icebreaking attachment for use with a parent vessel. This attachment, when connected to the parent vessel, provides an ice knife at the bow for increased icebreaking ability and protection.
  • the icebreaking attachment also provides fully rotatable z-axis drives to steer the parent vessel, or the icebreaking attachment alone when detached, during icebreaking operations. While incorporating conventionally known z-axis drives to increase maneuverability, the disclosure of Gulling, et al. does not contribute to the problems associated with prior art landing craft.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide an agile craft capable of turning in a short radius and handling well in surf and landing operations.
  • the marine vessel described herein has the ability to travel in multiple directions, particularly stern forward, during landing operations on a beach or other unimproved water/land interface.
  • the high maneuverability of the disclosed marine vessel is accomplished through the use of conventional steerable or azimuthing drives mounted below the waterline on the bow and stern portions of the craft.
  • the ship disclosed herein uses the combination of fixed and retractable azimuthing drives to beach the vessel stern first.
  • the stem azimuthing drives are adapted to retract into the hull of the ship such that they are not damaged by the shallow waters in the beaching area.
  • the first advantage of this system is it allows a "drive-through" cargo deck.
  • Vehicles such as tanks, trucks, and humvees, are driven into the cargo area at a loading depot from the bow. The front of the vehicles will then face towards the stern of ship. Once the ship is beached at the designated landing zone, the vehicles can drive off the ship, right onto the beach in a forward gear.
  • the bow of the ship can be designed for excellent seakeeping and wave breaking ability since it is not used for beaching. This feature is also effective for getting on and off the beach since the effects of high surf near the beach are minimized because the efficient, wave breaking bow of the vessel is pointed towards the surf. This eliminates the problem with past landing craft and logistic support vehicles that have had problems getting on and off the beach due to the flat stern slamming into the surf or being pushed by the surf while beaching.
  • the azimuthing drive propulsion system adds two advantages over traditional drive systems.
  • vessel 10 generally contains a boat hull 30 having a bow portion 12, a stern portion 14 and a keel 26.
  • a bow ramp 16 Located at the bow 12 is a bow ramp 16.
  • the bow ramp 16 is generally used to load vehicles or other cargo onto the vessel 10.
  • a stern ramp 18 that is generally used to offload vehicles or other cargo, particularly during beaching operations.
  • Below the waterline of the vessel 10 are two sets of azimuthing or steerable thruster drives 20 and 22. At least one drive 20 is located on the bow portion 12 or the vessel. Similarly, at least one drive 22 is located on the stern portion 14 of the vessel.
  • vessel 10 contains two bow thrusters 20 and two stern thrusters 22 . However, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, one stern thruster 22 may be used in combination with two bow thrusters 20.
  • the bow portion 12 of the vessel 10 incorporates, to the extent possible, characteristics of a well designed sea-going vessel.
  • the bow portion shape is ship-like (i.e., not flattened to accommodate a beaching ramp), having a deep forefoot and fine "V" sections on the port and starboard sides of the bow..
  • the bow end 12 is also fitted with a bulb 24 to reduce calm water resistance.
  • the bow ramp 16 and deck 28 are r above the waterline unlike prior art landing craft. This allows an improved ship-like shape of the bow and serves to prevent damage to the bow ramp 16 during seakeeping operations.
  • the bow portion 12 is optimized for a high-sea-state environments resulting in improved controllability and performance of the vessel 10. Further, when extracting the ship from a beach, the bow portion 12 is facing seaward to reduce wave impacts and the vessel 10 does not have to be turned around to return to sea.
  • the stern portion 14 of the vessel 10 incorporates features that are designed to enhance the movement of vehicles and other cargo onto a beach.
  • the deck 28 is close to the waterline, which serves to reduce ramp 18 length and break angle, or the angle between the deck and the beach.
  • the stern portion bottom shape is flat and broad, improving the stability of the vessel 10 when beached.
  • the azimuthing drives 20 and 22 are powered by DC electric motors 30, as shown in FIG. 4
  • the azimuthing drives are conventionally known in the art and may be obtained from several producers such as Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom) and John Crane-Lips (United Kingdom).
  • the stem end thrusters 22 can be retracted into the vessel hull 30 such that they are above the keel 26. This operation is shown in shadow in FIG. 4. Any typical means for retracting the stern thrusters 22 into the hull 30 may be used, such as hydraulic lifts or mechanical lifts. This allows efficient beaching operations without damaging the stern thrusters 22 on the beach/sea floor.
  • the stem thrusters 22 are also fitted with fixed pitched propellers, which are optimized for open water speeds.
  • the bow end thrusters 20 are non-retractable.
  • the bow thrusters 20 are also fitted with fixed pitch propellers which are mounted in nozzles optimized for maximum bollard (zero speed of advance) thrust.
  • 60% of the power is preferably directed to the stern end thrusters 22 while the other 40% of power is directed to the bow thrusters 20.
  • this is done because the stern end thrusters 22 have a higher propulsive efficiency and the bow end thrusters are limited in diameter and therefore would be prone to cavitation if more power was applied.
  • the direction of the vessel is preferably changed by movement and/or different directional alignment of the bow and stern thrusters.
  • This configuration is shown in FIG. 5. which shows the bow thrusters 20 and stern thrusters 22 at different angles.
  • the vessel may also be turned through the use of variable power to the thrusters when all are facing the same direction, i.e., all are pointing to the stern of the ship.
  • the waterline of the vessel is fairly fixed, particularly during open sea operations.
  • the ship also has an operating draft, defined herein as the distance between the keel 26 and the sea floor.
  • the operating draft generally varies, depending on the distance between the sea floor and the top of the water. Quite obviously, when closer to the beach, the operating draft is reduced.
  • the vessel of the instant invention contains an adjustable ballast and means to adjust such ballast.
  • tanks or other storage areas are located throughout the ship, such that the operating draft of the ship can be lowered or raised by adding or removing ballast, typically sea water, from the ballast tanks.
  • the adjustable ballast system assists extraction of the vessel from the beach upon completion of unloading operations by allowing the stern portion 14 of the vessel, and to lesser extent the bow 12, to float off of the beach.
  • the bow portion of the ship 12 may be additionally fitted with clamshell doors 34 ahead of or proximal to the bow ramp 16.
  • the clamshell doors 34 are split and open vertically, i.e., to the port and starboard sides of the ship, as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 6B illustrates the clamshell doors 34 in the closed position.
  • the heavy arrow in all cases, points to the direction of the beach.
  • the vessel 10 is in open water 36 approaching the beach 38 (not shown) with the bow 12 pointed toward the beach.
  • Bow thrusters 20 and stern thrusters 22 are pointed toward the stem portion 14 of the vessel.
  • the thrusters 20 and 22 are turned, such that the stern 14 is pointed toward the beach, as shown in FIG. 7B.
  • the stern thruster 22 is retracted into the hull 30 while the bow thruster 20 is pointed towards the bow 12 (i.e., the open sea).
  • FIG. 7C The vessel 10 is shown beached in FIG. 7C.
  • the stern 14 of the vessel is on the beach 38 while the bow is still floating in the water 36 with the bow thruster 20 inactive.
  • the stern ramp 18 is lowered upon the beach 38 for cargo unloading.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a beached vessel 10 on unloading tanks 40 upon the beach 38 by way of stern ramp.
  • a second vessel 110 is shown in the water 36.
  • the vessel 10 is extracted from the beach. As shown in FIG. 7D, the stern ramp 18 is retracted and the bow thruster 20 is oriented toward the beach. By removing ballast and operating the bow thruster 20, the ship is extracted from the beach. Once the vessel is sufficiently clear of the beach, the stern thruster 22 deploys from the hull 30 , and in combination with the bow thruster 20 propels the vessel away from the beach and toward open water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
EP02290575A 2001-03-22 2002-03-07 Engin de débarquement équipé de propulseurs azimutaux fixes et rétractables Withdrawn EP1243502A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US815112 1991-12-27
US09/815,112 US20020134290A1 (en) 2001-03-22 2001-03-22 Landing craft with fixed and retractable azimuthing drives

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1243502A2 true EP1243502A2 (fr) 2002-09-25
EP1243502A3 EP1243502A3 (fr) 2003-11-05

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EP02290575A Withdrawn EP1243502A3 (fr) 2001-03-22 2002-03-07 Engin de débarquement équipé de propulseurs azimutaux fixes et rétractables

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US (1) US20020134290A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1243502A3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004067379A1 (fr) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Aker Finnyards Oy Ensemble de direction et de propulsion pour navire
EP2812240A4 (fr) * 2012-02-07 2016-01-27 Rolls Royce Ab Aménagement de propulseurs pour navire, et navire construit avec ce type d'aménagement de propulseurs

Families Citing this family (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20050007497A (ko) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-19 (주)미래해운 선박
US7621230B1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2009-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Carrier and flow-through ship
KR100972154B1 (ko) 2007-07-25 2010-07-26 삼성중공업 주식회사 쇄빙용 부가 추진 시스템과 쇄빙선
KR100977839B1 (ko) 2007-10-25 2010-08-25 삼성중공업 주식회사 쇄빙선의 추진 시스템 및 이를 위한 쇄빙선 형상
US9944354B1 (en) 2012-12-14 2018-04-17 Quadratoon Company Llc Extendable multihull boat
JP6097705B2 (ja) * 2014-01-10 2017-03-15 信吉 森元 主プロペラ及び追加プロペラを装備する船の運航方法
DK3114022T3 (en) * 2014-03-05 2018-11-12 Ferretti Spa BOAT WITH HIDDLE CLOSE WITH INTEGRATED MOVEMENT
CN106163914B (zh) * 2014-03-05 2019-12-10 法拉帝股份公司 具有可浸没在水中的船尾舱口盖的船
TWI639535B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2018-11-01 義大利商法拉帝股份有限公司 包含具有可潛的船尾平台的可動船尾艙門之船
WO2017085356A1 (fr) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 Rolls-Royce Oy Ab Propulseur rétractable, navire flottant, et procédé de rétractation et d'éjection d'hélice du propulseur rétractable
JP6531294B2 (ja) * 2015-11-27 2019-06-19 三井Ｅ＆Ｓ造船株式会社 揚陸用の船舶および揚陸用の船舶の設計方法
US11787383B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2023-10-17 Textron Systems Corporation Utilizing a multi-track cargo handling assembly on an amphibious air-cushion vehicle
EP4007718A1 (fr) * 2019-08-02 2022-06-08 Textron Innovations Inc. Véhicule à coussin d'air amphibie avec système de chargement à deux rails

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5522335A (en) 1995-01-30 1996-06-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Combined azimuthing and tunnel auxillary thruster powered by integral and canned electric motor and marine vessel powered thereby
US5660131A (en) 1996-05-10 1997-08-26 Marinette Marine Corp Icebreaker attachment
US5966520A (en) 1995-11-03 1999-10-12 Motorola, Inc. Method of designing unit FET cells with unconditional stability

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FR1295717A (fr) * 1961-07-20 1962-06-08 Reiners & Wiggermann Mécanisme d'entraînement à hélice pivotante et réglable en hauteur pour bateaux
DE1556954C3 (de) * 1961-08-12 1974-02-21 Bodan-Werft Motoren- Und Schiffbau Gmbh, 7993 Kressbronn Fährschiff zum Übersetzverkehr und zur Bildung von Schwimmbrücken
US3483838A (en) * 1968-02-23 1969-12-16 Eric Rath Non-broaching beach cargo ship
GB1273600A (en) * 1969-12-06 1972-05-10 Kingston Marine Technology Ltd Improvements in or relating to a ship having means for partially beaching or refloating the ship, and methods of partially beaching and refloating such a ship
DE29607586U1 (de) * 1996-04-26 1996-12-05 Hartmann, Kurt, 22889 Tangstedt Hochseetüchtige Fähre mit dazu passendem Schiffsanleger
JP2003514702A (ja) * 1999-05-11 2003-04-22 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 舵取り推進機に最適な船体を備え針路の安定した高速海洋船

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5522335A (en) 1995-01-30 1996-06-04 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Combined azimuthing and tunnel auxillary thruster powered by integral and canned electric motor and marine vessel powered thereby
US5966520A (en) 1995-11-03 1999-10-12 Motorola, Inc. Method of designing unit FET cells with unconditional stability
US5660131A (en) 1996-05-10 1997-08-26 Marinette Marine Corp Icebreaker attachment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004067379A1 (fr) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Aker Finnyards Oy Ensemble de direction et de propulsion pour navire
JP2006516511A (ja) * 2003-01-30 2006-07-06 エーケル フィンヤルドス オサケ ユキチュア 船舶用操舵及び推進構造
EP2812240A4 (fr) * 2012-02-07 2016-01-27 Rolls Royce Ab Aménagement de propulseurs pour navire, et navire construit avec ce type d'aménagement de propulseurs
RU2622168C2 (ru) * 2012-02-07 2017-06-13 Роллс-Ройс Аб Движительная установка для морского судна и морское судно, содержащее движительную установку данного типа
EP2812240B1 (fr) 2012-02-07 2019-01-23 Rolls-Royce AB Aménagement de propulseurs pour navire, et navire construit avec ce type d'aménagement de propulseurs

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Publication number Publication date
EP1243502A3 (fr) 2003-11-05
US20020134290A1 (en) 2002-09-26

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