EP1237872B1 - Verbindungen und zusammensetzungen zur abgabe aktiver wirkstoffe - Google Patents

Verbindungen und zusammensetzungen zur abgabe aktiver wirkstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1237872B1
EP1237872B1 EP00986516A EP00986516A EP1237872B1 EP 1237872 B1 EP1237872 B1 EP 1237872B1 EP 00986516 A EP00986516 A EP 00986516A EP 00986516 A EP00986516 A EP 00986516A EP 1237872 B1 EP1237872 B1 EP 1237872B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
active agent
insulin
hormone
composition
dosage unit
Prior art date
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EP00986516A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1237872A1 (de
EP1237872A4 (de
Inventor
David Gschneidner
Andrea Leone-Bay
Eric Wang
John J. Freeman, Jr.
Doris O'toole
Lynn E. Shields
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Emisphere Technologies Inc
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Emisphere Technologies Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
    • C07C235/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C235/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/58—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/60—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
    • C07C235/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C235/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/58—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/64—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
    • C07C235/70—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C235/84—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/28—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds for delivering active agents, such as biologically or chemically active agents, to a target. These compounds are well suited for forming non-covalent mixtures with active agents for oral, intracolonic,and other routes of administration to animals. Methods for the preparation and administration of such compositions are also disclosed.
  • active agents such as biologically or chemically active agents
  • barriers are imposed by the body.
  • physical barriers are the skin, lipid bi-layers and various organ membranes that are relatively impermeable to certain active agents but must be traversed before reaching a target, such as the circulatory system.
  • Chemical barriers include, but are not limited to, pH variations in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and degrading enzymes.
  • RNA molecules have relied on the co-administration of adjuvants (e.g., resorcinols and non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether and n-hexadecylpolyethylene ether) to increase artificially the permeability of the intestinal walls, as well as the co-administration of enzymatic inhibitors (e.g., pancreatic trypsin inhibitors, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFF) and trasylol) to inhibit enzymatic degradation.
  • adjuvants e.g., resorcinols and non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether and n-hexadecylpolyethylene ether
  • enzymatic inhibitors e.g., pancreatic trypsin inhibitors, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFF) and trasylol
  • proteinoid microspheres have been used to deliver pharmaceuticals. See, for example, US Patent Nos. 5,401,516 ; 5,443,841 ; and Re. 35,862 .
  • certain modified amino acids have been used to deliver pharmaceuticals. See, for example, US Patent Nos. 5,629,020 ; 5,643,957 ; 5,766,633 ; 5,776,888 ; 5,863,944 and 5,866,536 .
  • WO 96/12473 and WO 97/36480 disclose modified amino acid compounds useful in the delivery of active agents.
  • WO 96/12474 describes compositions and methods for orally delivering antigens, wherein the antigen and an adjuvant are combined with an acylated amino acid or polyamino acid and, a sulfonated amino acid or polyamino acid or salt of the foregoing.
  • WO 96/12475 describes modified amino acid compounds useful in methods for transporting a biologically active agent across a cellular membrane of a lipid bilayer.
  • WO 96/30036 discloses modified amino acid compounds useful in the delivery of active agents.
  • WO 00/07979 describes compounds in compositions for delivery of active agents which are based on modified amino acid compounds.
  • the present invention provides compounds and compositions which facilitate the delivery of active agents.
  • Delivery agent compounds of the present invention include those having the following formulas: and salts thereof and mixture thereof.
  • the invention also provides a composition comprising at least one of the delivery agent compounds of the formulas listed above, and at least one active agent. These compositions deliver active agents to selected biological systems in increased or improved bioavailability of the active agent compared to administration of the active agent without the delivery agent compound.
  • the dosage unit may be in the form of a liquid or a solid, such as a tablet, capsule or particle, including a powder or sachet.
  • Another embodiment is a method for administering an active agent to an animal in need of the active agent, by administering a composition comprising at least one of the delivery agent compounds listed above and the active agent to the animal.
  • Preferred routes of administration include the oral and intracolonic routes.
  • Yet another embodiment is a method of treating a disease or for achieving a desired physiological effect in an animal by administering the composition of the present invention.
  • Yet another embodiment is a method of preparing a composition of the present invention by mixing at least one delivery agent compound of the formula above, and at least one active agent.
  • the delivery agent compounds may be in the form of the carboxylic acid or salts thereof.
  • Suitable salts include, but are not limited to, organic and inorganic salts, for example alkali-metal salts, such as sodium, potassium and lithium; alkaline-earth metal salts, such as magnesium, calcium or barium; ammonium salts; basic amino acids, such as lysine or arginine; and organic amines, such as dimethylamine or pyridine.
  • the salts are sodium salts.
  • the salts may be mono- or multi-valent salts, such as monosodium salts and di-sodium salts.
  • the salts may also be solvates, including ethanol solvates, and hydrates.
  • Salts of the delivery agent compounds of the present invention may be prepared by methods known in the art.
  • sodium salts may be prepared by dissolving the delivery agent compound in ethanol and adding aqueous sodium hydroxide.
  • poly amino acids and peptides comprising one or more of these compounds may be used.
  • amino acid is any carboxylic acid having at least one free amine group and includes naturally occurring and synthetic amino acids.
  • Poly amino acids are either peptides (which are two or more amino acids joined by a peptide bond) or are two or more amino acids linked by a bond formed by other groups which can be linked by, e.g., an ester or an anhydride linkage.
  • Peptides can vary in length from dipeptides with two amino acids to polypeptides with several hundred amino acids. One or more of the amino acids or peptide units may be acylated or sulfonated.
  • the compounds described herein may be derived from amino acids and can be readily prepared from amino acids by methods within the skill of those in the art based upon the present disclosure and the methods described in WO96/30036 , WO97/36480 , US 5,643,957 and US 5,650,386 .
  • the compounds may be prepared by reacting the single amino acid with the appropriate acylating or amine-modifying agent, which reacts with a free amino moiety present in the amino acid to form amides.
  • Protecting groups may be used to avoid unwanted side reactions as would be known to those skilled in the art.
  • the delivery agent compound may be purified by recrystallization or by fractionation on one or more solid chromatographic supports, alone or linked in tandem.
  • Suitable recrystallization solvent systems include, but are not limited to, acetonitrile, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran.
  • Fractionation may be performed on a suitable chromatographic support such as alumina, using methanol/n-propanol mixtures as the mobile phase; reverse phase chromatography using trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile mixtures as the mobile phase; and ion exchange chromatography using water or an appropriate buffer as the mobile phase.
  • a suitable chromatographic support such as alumina, using methanol/n-propanol mixtures as the mobile phase
  • reverse phase chromatography using trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile mixtures as the mobile phase
  • ion exchange chromatography preferably a 0-500 mM sodium chloride gradient is employed.
  • Active agents suitable for use in the present invention include biologically active agents and chemically active agents, including, but not limited to, pesticides, pharmacological agents, and therapeutic agents.
  • biologically or chemically active agents suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, proteins; polypeptides; peptides; hormones; polysaccharides, and particularly mixtures of mucopolysaccharides; carbohydrates; lipids; small polar organic molecules (i.e. polar organic molecules having a molecular weight of 500 daltons or less); other organic compounds; and particularly compounds which by themselves do not pass (or which pass only a fraction of the administered dose) through the gastro-intestinal mucosa and/or are susceptible to chemical cleavage by acids and enzymes in the gastro-intestinal tract; or any combination thereof.
  • growth hormones including human growth hormones (hGH), recombinant human growth hormones (rhGH), bovine growth hormones, and porcine growth hormones; growth hormone releasing hormones; growth hormone releasing factor, interferons, including ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ ; interleukins, including interleukin-1 and interleukin-2; insulin, including porcine, bovine, human, and human recombinant, optionally having counter ions including zinc, sodium, calcium and ammonium; insulin-like growth factor, including IGF-1; heparin, including unfractionated heparin, heparinoids, dermatans, chondroitins, low molecular weight heparin, very low molecular weight heparin and ultra low molecular weight heparin; calcitonin, including salmon, eel, porcine and human; erythropoietin; atrial naturetic factor
  • composition of the present invention comprises one or more delivery agent compounds of the present invention,and one or more active agents.
  • one or more of the delivery agent compounds, or salts of these compounds, or poly amino acids or peptides of which these compounds or salts form one or more of the units thereof may be used as a delivery agent by mixing with the active agent prior to administration to form an administration composition.
  • the administration compositions may be in the form of a liquid.
  • the solution medium may be water (for example, for salmon calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and erythropoietin), 25% aqueous propylene glycol (for example, for heparin) and phosphate buffer (for example, for rhGH).
  • Other dosing vehicles include polyethylene glycol.
  • Dosing solutions may be prepared by mixing a solution of the delivery agent compound with a solution of the active agent, just prior to administration. Alternately, a solution of the delivery agent compound (or active agent) may be mixed with the solid form of the active agent (or delivery agent compound). The delivery agent compound and the active agent may also be mixed as dry powders. The delivery agent compound and the active agent can also be admixed during the manufacturing process.
  • the dosing solutions may optionally contain additives such as phosphate buffer salts, citric acid, glycols, or other dispersing agents. Stabilizing additives may be incorporated into the solution, preferably at a concentration ranging between about 0.1 and 20% (w/v).
  • the administration compositions may alternately be in the form of a solid, such as a tablet, capsule or particle, such as a powder or sachet.
  • Solid dosage forms may be prepared by mixing the solid form of the compound with the solid form of the active agent.
  • a solid may be obtained from a solution of compound and active agent by methods known in the art, such as freeze-drying (lyophilization), precipitation, crystallization and solid dispersion.
  • the administration compositions of the present invention may also include one or more enzyme inhibitors.
  • enzyme inhibitors include, but are not limited to, compounds such as actinonin or epiactinonin and derivatives thereof.
  • Other enzyme inhibitors include, but are not limited to, aprotinin (Trasylol) and Bowman-Birk inhibitor.
  • the amount of active agent used in an administration composition of the present invention is an amount effective to accomplish the purpose of the particular active agent for the target indication.
  • the amount of active agent in the compositions typically is a pharmacologically, biologically, therapeutically, or chemically effective amount. However, the amount can be less than that amount when the composition is used in a dosage unit form because the dosage unit form may contain a plurality of delivery agent compound/active agent compositions or may contain a divided pharmacologically, biologically, therapeutically, or chemically effective amount.
  • the total effective amount can then be administered in cumulative units containing, in total, an effective amount of the active agent.
  • compositions of the invention may deliver active agents more efficiently than compositions containing the active agent alone, lower amounts of biologically or chemically active agents than those used in prior dosage unit forms or delivery systems can be administered to the subject, while still achieving the same blood levels and/or therapeutic effects.
  • the presently disclosed delivery agent compounds facilitate the delivery of biologically and chemically active agents, particularly in oral, intranasal, sublingual, intraduodenal, subcutaneous, buccal, intracolonic, rectal, vaginal, mucosal, pulmonary, transdermal, intradermal, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular and ocular systems, as well as traversing the blood-brain barrier.
  • Dosage unit forms can also include any one or combination of excipients, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, plasticizers, colorants, flavorants, taste-masking agents, sugars, sweeteners, salts, and dosing vehicles, including, but not limited to, water, 1,2-propane diol, ethanol, olive oil, or any combination thereof.
  • the compounds and compositions of the subject invention are useful for administering biologically or chemically active agents to any animals, including but not limited to birds such as chickens; mammals, such as rodents, cows, pigs, dogs, cats, primates, and particularly humans; and insects.
  • the system is particularly advantageous for delivering chemically or biologically active agents that would otherwise be destroyed or rendered less effective by conditions encountered before the active agent reaches its target zone (i.e. the area in which the active agent of the delivery composition is to be released) and within the body of the animal to which they are administered.
  • target zone i.e. the area in which the active agent of the delivery composition is to be released
  • the compounds and compositions of the present invention are useful in orally administering active agents, especially those that are not ordinarily orally deliverable, or those for which improved delivery is desired.
  • compositions comprising the compounds and active agents have utility in the delivery of active agents to selected biological systems and in an increased or improved bioavailability of the active agent compared to administration of the active agent without the delivery agent. Delivery can be improved by delivering more active agent over a period of time, or in delivering active agent in a particular time period (such as to effect quicker or delayed delivery) or over a period of time (such as sustained delivery).
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for the treatment or prevention of a disease or for achieving a desired physiological effect, such as those listed in the table below, in an animal by administering the composition of the present invention.
  • active agents can be found in the Physicians' Desk Reference (54 th Ed., 2000, Medical Economics Company, Inc., Montvale, NJ), which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the active agents in the table below include their analogs, fragments, mimetics, and polyethylene glycol-modified derivatives.
  • Active Agent Disease and Physiological Effect Growth hormones Growth disorders Interferons Viral infection; chronic cancer and multiple sclerosis Interleukins. Viral infection; cancer Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor Diabetes Heparin.
  • Thrombosis Prevention of blood coagulation Calcitonin Osteoporosis; Diseases of the bone Erythropoietin Anemia Atrial naturetic factor Vasodilation Antigens Infection Monoclonal antibodies Prevention of graft rejection; cancer Somatostatin Bleeding ulcer; Erosive gastritis Protease inhibitors AIDS Adrenocorticotropin High cholesterol (to lower cholesterol) Gonadotropin releasing hormone Ovulatory disfunction (to stimulate ovulation) Oxytocin Labor disfunction (to stimulate contractions) Leutinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone; follicle stimulating hormone Regulate reproductive function Glucocerebrosidase Gaucher disease (to metabolize lipoprotein) Thrombopoietin Thrombocytopenia Filgrastim Reduce infection in chemotherapy patients Prostaglandins Hypertension Cyclosporin Transplant rejection Vasopressin Bed-wetting; antidiuretic Cromolyn sodium; Vancomycin Asthm
  • one embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating a patient suffering from or susceptible to diabetes by administering insulin and at least one of the delivery agent compounds of the present invention.
  • the active agent present in the composition or dosage unit form is taken up into the circulation.
  • the bioavailability of the agent is readily assessed by measuring a known pharmacological activity in blood, e.g. an increase in blood clotting time caused by heparin, or a decrease in circulating calcium levels caused by calcitonin.
  • the circulating levels of the active agent itself can be measured directly, e.g. serum insulin levels.
  • 5-methoxysalicylic acid (30.0g, 0.1786 mol) and methylene chloride (350 ml) were placed in a 1L round bottomed flask fitted with argon purge and magnetic stir bar. The resulting tan reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C in an ice water bath. Triethylamine (39.68g, 0.3929 mol) was added in one portion, followed by dropwise addition of acetyl chloride (15.42g, 0.1964 mol) over a period of thirty-five minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to come to room temperature overnight and then 350 mL of methylene chloride was added.
  • the organic phase was washed with two 100-mL portions of 0.5 N aqueous sulfuric acid, then was extracted with two 100 mL portions of 2 NaOH.
  • the resulting solids were collected by filtration, and recrystallized from ethanol:acetone:water (about 1:1:1).
  • Acetic anhydride (7.10 mL, 7.69g, 75.0 mmol. 1.04 eq), 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid (15.0 g, 72.5 mmol, 1.00eq), and xylenes (40 mL) were added to a 250 mL, three-neck flask fitted with a magnetic stir bar, a thermometer, and a Dean-Stark trap with condenser. The flask was placed in a heating mantle, and heating of the cloudy white mixture begun. The reaction mixture became a clear solution around 100° C. Most of the volatile organics (xylenes and acetic acid) were distilled into the Dean-Start trap over three hours (135-146° C).
  • the mixture was concentrated in vacuo (60 ⁇ C, 50 mm).
  • the resulting solid was recrystallized twice from ethanol-water decolorized with charcoal but was not yet clean.
  • Column chromatography using 5:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate-1% acetic acid as eluant gave one fraction as acid and another as ethyl ester.
  • the ethyl ester was hydrolyzed to the acid using 4 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide and acidified with 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid.
  • the acid was isolated by filtration.
  • the combined acid portions were triturated with methylene chloride and hexanes to give 1.22 g of N-(3,5-dichlorosalicyloyl)-10-aminodecanoic acid.
  • acetic-formic anhydride complex was prepared in the following manner: acetic anhydride (1.0 mL) was cooled to 0°C. To this was added 0.5 mL of ice-cold formic acid. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C for one hour, at which time methylene chloride was added. The cold acetic-formic anhydride complex was added to the cold solid obtained in the first reaction. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C for 2-3 hours, then gradually warmed to room temperature and stirred for three days.
  • Aqueous NaOH solution (2.0 N, 20 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was acidified. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed generously with water, and recrystallized from methanol/acetone/H 2 O to yield the product as a pale yellow solid (2.0 g, 51%), melting point 216-218° C.
  • Aqueous NaOH solution (2.0 N, 20 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was acidified. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed generously with water, and recrystallized from methanol/acetone/H 2 O to yield the product as an orange solid (2.3 g, 63%), melting point 189-190° C.
  • Oxalyl chloride (11.55 g, 132.5 mmol) was then added dropwise to this mixture. After the addition was completed, the mixture was allowed to stir for approximately 1 hr at room temperature before the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was then taken up in methylene chloride and added to the mixture in the first round, bottomed flask dropwise. This mixture was allowed to come to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was then extracted with two portions of 2N HCl solution, and was washed with one portion of water and with one portion of brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo, yielding a solid that was taken up in 2N NaOH solution. This mixture stirred for about 1 hr.
  • Oral dosing (PO)compositions of delivery agent compound and salmon calcitonin (sCT)in water were prepared. Typically 450 mg of compound was added to 2.0 mL of water. Either the sodium salt of the compound was used or the free acid was converted to the sodium salt by stirring the resultant solution and adding one equivalent of sodium hydroxide (1.0 N) and diluting with water. The solution was vortexed, then heated (about 37° C) and sonicated. The pH was adjusted to about 7 (6.5 to 8.5) with NaOH or HCl. 90 mg sCT from a stock solution was added to the solution. Water was then added to bring the total volume to about 3.0 mL (varies depending on solubility of the delivery agent compound). The final delivery agent compound dose, sCT dose and volume dose amounts are listed below in Table 1.
  • the typical dosing and sampling protocols were as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rate weighing between 200-250g were fasted for 24 hours and administered ketamine (44 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to dosing. A dosing group of five rats was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was adapted to a 1 mL syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, which was then wiped dry. The catheter was placed down the esophagus leaving 1 cm of tubing past the rat's incisors. Solution was administered by pressing the syringe plunger.
  • Oral gavage (PO) and/or intracolonic (IC) dosing solutions containing a delivery agent compound and heparin sodium USP in 25% aqueous propylene glycol were prepared. Either the sodium salt of the compound was used or the free acid was converted to the sodium salt with one equivalent of sodium hydroxide.
  • delivery agent compound and heparin (about 166-182 IU/mg) were mixed by vortex as dry powders. This dry mixture was dissolved in 25% v/v aqueous propylene glycol, vortexed and placed in a sonicator (about 37° C). The pH was adjusted to about 7 (6.5 to 8.5) with aqueous NaOH (2N). The dosing solution was sonicated to produce a clear solution. The final volume was adjusted to 3.0 mL. The final delivery agent compound dose, heparin dose and volume dose amounts are listed below in Table 2.
  • the typical dosing and sampling protocols were as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 275-350g were fasted for 24 hours and were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (88 mg/kg) intramuscularly immediately prior to dosing. A dosing group of five rats was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • For oral gavage (PO) dosing an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was adapted to a 1 mL syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, which was then wiped dry. The catheter was placed down the esophagus leaving 1 cm of tubing past the rat's incisors.
  • IC intracolonic
  • a 7.5 cm 8 fr Rusch catheter was adapted to a 1 ml syringe with a pipette tip. The dosing catheter was inserted into the colon through the anus until the tube was no longer visible. The dosing solution was expressed slowly into the colon.
  • Citrated blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture following the administration of ketamine (88 mg/kg), typically at time - 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 hours. Heparin activity was determined by utilizing the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) according to the method of Henry, J.B., Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, Philadelphia, PA, W.B. Saunders (1979 ). Previous studied indicated baseline values of about 20 sec. Results from the five rats in each group were averaged for each time point. The maximum is reported below in Table 2. Table 2.
  • Oral gavage (PO) and/or intracolonic (IC) dosing solutions of delivery agent compound and rhGH in phosphate buffer were prepared.
  • a solution of the compound was made either with the sodium salt of the compound or by converting the free acid to its sodium salt.
  • a solution of the compound was prepared in phosphate buffer and stirred, adding one equivalent of sodium hydroxide (1.0 N) when making sodium salt.
  • the final dosing solutions were prepared by mixing the compound with an rhGH stock solution (15 mg rhGH/ml) and diluting to the desired volume (usually 3.0 ml).
  • the compounds and rhGH dose amounts are listed below in Table 3.
  • the typical dosing and sampling protocols were as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 200-250g were fasted for 24 hours and administered ketamine(44 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to dosing. A dosing group of five rats was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • PO oral gavage
  • an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was adapted to a 1 mL syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, which was then wiped dry. The catheter was placed down the esophagus leaving 1 cm of tubing past the rat's incisors.
  • Solution was administered by pressing the syringe plunger.
  • a 7.5 cm Rusch catheter tube (French 8 or 6) was adapted to a syringe with an Eppendorf pipette tip.
  • the syringe was filled with the dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter tube.
  • the catheter tube was wiped dry.
  • K-Y jelly was applied to the tip avoiding contact with the eye of the tube, and the tube was inserted into the colon through the anus until the tube was no longer visible.
  • the solution was injected by pressing the syringe plunger, and the tube was removed.
  • PTH 1-34 Parathyroid Hormone Delivery
  • Oral gavage (PO) and/or intracolonic (IC) dosing solutions of delivery agent compound and human parathyroid hormone residues 1-34 (PTH) in water were prepared.
  • a solution of the compound was made either with the sodium salt of the compound or by converting the free acid to its sodium salt.
  • a solution of the compound was prepared in water and stirred, adding one equivalent of sodium hydroxide (1.0 N) when making sodium salt.
  • the final dosing solutions were prepared by mixing the compound with a PTH stock solution (typically having a concentration of 5 mg PTH/ml) and diluting to the desired volume (usually 3.0 ml).
  • the final compound, PTH and volume dose amounts are listed below in Table 4.
  • the typical dosing and sampling protocols were as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 200-250g were fasted for 24 hours and administered ketamine (44 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to dosing. A dosing group of five rats was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • ketamine 44 mg/kg
  • chlorpromazine 1.5 mg/kg 15 minutes prior to dosing.
  • a dosing group of five rats was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • PO oral gavage
  • an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was adapted to a 1 mL syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, which was then wiped dry. The catheter was placed down the esophagus leaving 1 cm of tubing past the rat's incisors.
  • Solution was administered by pressing the syringe plunger.
  • a 7.5 cm Rusch catheter tube (French 8 or 6) was adapted to a syringe with an Eppendorf pipette tip.
  • the syringe was filled with the dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter tube.
  • the catheter tube was wiped dry.
  • K-Y jelly was applied to the tip, avoiding contact with the eye of the tube, and the tube was inserted into the colon through the anus until the tube was no longer visible.
  • the solution was injected by pressing the syringe plunger, and the tube was removed.
  • Dosing solutions of delivery agent compound and human interferon (IFN) were prepared in deionized water.
  • the free acid of the delivery agent compound was converted to the sodium salt with one equivalent of sodium hydroxide.
  • a solution of the delivery agent compound was prepared in water and stirred, adding one equivalent of sodium hydroxide (1.0 N) when making the sodium salt.
  • This mixture was vortexed and placed in a sonicator (about 37°C).
  • the pH was adjusted to about 7.0 to 8.5 with aqueous NaOH.
  • the mixture was vortexed to produce a uniform suspension or solution, also using sonication and heat if necessary. Additional NaOH was added, if necessary, to achieve uniform solubility, and the pH re-adjusted to about 7.0 to 8.5.
  • the delivery agent compound solution was mixed with an IFN stock solution (about 22.0 to 27.5 mg/ml in phosphate buffered saline) and diluting to the desired volume (usually 3.0 ml).
  • the final delivery agent compound and IFN doses, and the dose volumes are listed below in Table 5.
  • the typical dosing and sampling protocols were as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 200-250g were fasted for 24 hours and administered ketamine (44 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to dosing and again as needed to maintain anesthesia. A dosing group of five animals was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • An 11cm Rusch 8 French catheter was adapted to a 1 ml syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, which was then wiped dry. The catheter was placed down the esophagus leaving 1 cm of tubing past the incisors. The dosing solution was administered by pressing the syringe plunger.
  • Interferon - Oral Delivery Delivery Agent Compound Delivery Agent Compound Dose (mg/kg) IFN Dose (mg/kg) Volume dose (ml/kg) Mean Peak Serum [IFN] (ng/ml) ⁇ SD 1 200 1 1 1.8 ⁇ 1.2 1 400 1 1 0.32 ⁇ 0.46
  • Oral dosing (PO) compositions of delivery agent compound and human zinc insulin were prepared in deionized water. Typically, 500 mg of delivery agent compound was added to 1.5 ml of water. The free acid of the delivery agent compound was converted to the sodium salt by stirring the resultant solution and adding one equivalent of sodium hydroxide. The solution was vortexed, then heated (about 37°C) and sonicated. The pH was adjusted to about 7 to 8.5 with NaOH or HCl. Additional NaOH was added, if necessary, to achieve uniform solubility, and the pH re-adjusted to about 7 to 8.5.
  • PO Oral dosing
  • the typical dosing and sampling protocols were as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between about 200-250g were fasted for 24 hours and administered ketamine (44 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to dosing and again as needed to maintain anesthesia. A dosing group of five animals was administered one of the dosing solutions.
  • an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was adapted to a 1 ml syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, which was then wiped dry. The catheter was placed down the esophagus leaving 1 cm of tubing past the incisors. The dosing solution was administered by pressing the syringe plunger.
  • Serum insulin levels were determined with an Insulin ELISA Test Kit (Kit # DSL-10-1600 from Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc., Webster, TX), modifying the standard protocol in order to optimize the sensitivity and linear range of the standard curve for the volumes and concentrations of the samples used in the present protocol. Serum human insulin concentrations ( ⁇ U/ml) were measured for each time point for each of the five animals in each dosing group. The five values for each time point were averaged and the results plotted as serum insulin concentration versus time.
  • Insulin - Oral Delivery Delivery Agent Compound Delivery Agent Compound Dose (mg/kg) Insulin Dose (mg/kg) Volume dose (ml/kg) Mean Peak Serum [INS] ⁇ SD 1 100 3 1 100 ⁇ 128 1 100 3 0.5 46 ⁇ 55 1 100 3 0.5 8 ⁇ 5 1 100 3 0.5 854 ⁇ 1219 1 100 3 0.5 71 ⁇ 128 1 100 3 0.5 262 ⁇ 231 1 100 3 0.5 117 ⁇ 208 1 100 2 0.5 95 ⁇ 97 1 100 1 0.5 18 ⁇ 9 1 100 0.5 0.5 30 ⁇ 56 1 100 0.25 0.5 54 ⁇ 84 1 200 3 1 1941 ⁇ 1337 1 100 3 1 139 ⁇ 114 1 100 3 0.5 632 ⁇ 1213 1 200 3 1 1983 ⁇ 1926 1 100 3 1 340

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Claims (29)

  1. Eine Verbindung, die ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe, bestehend aus den Verbindungen:
    Figure imgb0026
    Figure imgb0027
    Figure imgb0028
    Figure imgb0029
    Figure imgb0030
    Figure imgb0031
    Figure imgb0032
    Figure imgb0033
    Figure imgb0034
    Figure imgb0035
    Figure imgb0036
    Figure imgb0037
     und Salzen davon.
  2. Eine Zusammensetzung, enthaltend:
    (A) einen Wirkstoff; und
    (B) die Verbindung aus Anspruch 1 und Gemische davon.
  3. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird bestehend aus einem biologischen Wirkstoff, einem chemischen Wirkstoff und einer Kombination davon.
  4. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff mindestens ein Protein, Polypeptid, Peptid, Hormon, Polysaccharid, Mucopolysaccharid, Kohlenhydrat oder Lipid enthält.
  5. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird bestehend aus: Wachstumshormonen, menschlichen Wachstumshormonen, rekombinanten menschlichen Wachstumshormonen (rhGH), Wachstumshormonen aus Rind, Wachstumshormonen aus Schwein, Releasinghormonen der Wachstumshormone, Releasingfaktor der Wachstumshormone, Interferone, α-Interferon, β-Interferon, γ-Interferon, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-2, Insulin, Insulin aus Schwein, Insulin aus Rind, humanem Insulin, rekombinantem humanen Insulin, Insulin-ähnlichem Wachstumsfaktor (IGF), IGF-1, Heparin, unfraktioniertem Heparin, Heparinoiden, Dermatanen, Chondroitinen, Heparin geringen Molekulargewichts, Heparin sehr geringen Molekulargewichts, Heparin ultra geringen Molekulargewichts, Calcitonin, Calcitonin aus Lachs, Calcitonin aus Aal, humanem Calcitonin; Erythropoietin (EPO), atrialem natriuretischem Faktor, Antigenen, monoklonalen Antikörpern, Somatostatin, Protease-Inhibitoren, Adrenocorticotropin, Gonadotropin-Releasinghormon, Oxytocin, Releasinghormon des luteinisierenden Hormons, follikelstimulierendem Hormon, Glucocerebrosidase, Thrombopoetin, Filgrastim, Prostaglandinen, Cyclosporin, Vasopressin, Natrium-Cromolym, Natrium-Chromoglycat, Di-Natrium-Chromoglycat, Vancomycin, Desferoxamin (DFO), parathyroidem Hormon (PTH), Fragmenten von PTH, antimikrobiellen Substanzen, antifungalen Wirkstoffen, Vitaminen; Analoga, Fragmenten, Mimetika und Polyethylenglycol (PEG)-modifizierten Derivaten dieser Verbindungen; sowie jeglichen Kombination davon.
  6. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff Insulin, Heparin, Calcitonin, parathyroides Hormon, Erythropoietin, Wachstumshormone oder Kombinationen davon enthält.
  7. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff rekombinante menschliche Wachstumshormone enthält.
  8. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff parathyroides Hormon enthält.
  9. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff Insulin enthält.
  10. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff Heparin enthält.
  11. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff Calcitonin enthält.
  12. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff Interferon enthält.
  13. Eine Zusammensetzung, enthaltend:
    (A) einen Wirkstoff und
    (B) eine Poly(aminosäure), enthaltend eine Verbindung, die eine Formel aufweist ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus den der Verbindungen nach Anspruch 1, Salze davon und Gemische davon.
  14. Die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Poly(aminosäure) ein Polypeptid ist.
  15. Eine Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform, enthaltend:
    (A) die Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, und
    (B) (a) einen Hilfsstoff,
    (b) ein Verdünnungsmittel,
    (c) ein Zersetzungsmittel,
    (d) einen Schmierstoff,
    (e) einen Weichmacher,
    (f) einen Farbstoff
    (g) einen Dosierungsträger, oder
    (h) jegliche Kombination davon.
  16. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt wird bestehend aus einem biologischen Wirkstoff, einem chemischen Wirkstoff und einer Kombination davon.
  17. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 16, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff mindestens ein Protein, Polypeptid, Peptid, Hormon, Polysaccharid, Mucopolysaccharid, Kohlenydrat oder Lipid enthält.
  18. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 16, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt wird bestehend aus: Wachstumshormonen, humanen Wachstumshormonen (hGH), rekombinanten humanen Wachstumshormonen (rhGH), Wachstumshormonen aus Rind, Wachstumshormonen aus Schwein, Releasinghormonen der Wachstumshormone, Releasingfaktor der Wachstumshormone, Interferone, α-Interferon, β-Interferon, γ-Interferon, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-2, Insulin, Insulin aus Schwein, Insulin aus Rind, humanen Insulin, rekombinantem humanen Insulin, Insulin-ähnlichem Wachstumsfaktor, Insulin-ähnlichem Wachstumsfaktor-1, Heparin, unfraktioniertem Heparin, Heparinoiden, Dermatanen, Chondroitinen, Heparin geringen Molekulargewichts, Heparin sehr geringen Molekulargewichts, Heparin ultra geringen Molekulargewichts, Calcitonin, Calcitonin aus Lachs, Calcitonin aus Aal, humanem Calcitonin; Erythropoietin (EPO), atrialem natriuretischen Faktor, Antigenen, monoklonalen Antikörpern, Somatostatin, Protease-Inhibitoren, Adrenocorticotropin, Gonadotropin-Releasinghormon, Oxytocin, Releasinghormon des luteinisierenden Hormons, follikelstimulierendem Hormon, Glucocerebrosidase, Thrombopoetin, Filgrastim, Prostaglandinen, Cyclosporin, Vasopressin, Natrium-Cromolym, Natrium-Chromoglycat, Di-Natrium-Chromoglycat, Vancomycin, Desferoxamin, parathyroidem Hormon, Fragmenten von PTH, antimikrobiellen Substanzen, antifungalen Wirkstoffen, Vitaminen; Analoga, Fragmenten, Mimetika und Polyethylenglycol-modifizierten Derivaten dieser Verbindungen; sowie jeglichen Kombination davon.
  19. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 16, wobei der biologische Wirkstoff Insulin, Heparin, Calcitonin, parathyroides Hormon, Erythropoietin, humanes Wachstumshormone oder Kombinationen davon enthält.
  20. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff rekombinantes humanes Wachstumshormon enthält.
  21. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff das parathyroide Hormon enthält.
  22. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff Insulin enthält.
  23. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff Heparin enthält.
  24. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff Calcitonin enthält.
  25. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Wirkstoff Interferon enthält.
  26. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform einen Dosierungsträger enthält, enthaltend eine Tablette, eine Kapsel, ein Pulver oder eine Flüssigkeit.
  27. Die Einheitsdosis-Verabreichungsform nach Anspruch 15, wobei der Dosierungsträger eine Flüssigkeit ist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Wasser, 1,2-Propandiol, Ethanol und jegliche Kombination davon.
  28. Die Verwendung einer Verbindung nach Anspruch 1 oder Gemischen davon und eines Wirkstoffs, ausgewählt aus einem biologischen Wirkstoff, einem chemischen Wirkstoff und einer Kombination davon, zur Herstellung einer Zusammensetzung zur oralen Verabreichung an ein Tier.
  29. Eine Methode zur Herstellung einer Verbindung, enthaltend Mischen von:
    (A) mindestens einem Wirkstoffs;
    (B) der Verbindung nach Anspruch 1; und
    (C) optional einen Dosierungsträger.
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US6693208B2 (en) 2004-02-17
ATE387430T1 (de) 2008-03-15
ES2298168T3 (es) 2008-05-16
US20030216589A1 (en) 2003-11-20
JP4850379B2 (ja) 2012-01-11
WO2001044199A1 (en) 2001-06-21
JP2003516971A (ja) 2003-05-20
US20050042274A1 (en) 2005-02-24
DE60038183T2 (de) 2009-02-19
EP1237872A1 (de) 2002-09-11
DE60038183D1 (de) 2008-04-10
EP1237872A4 (de) 2005-06-15
AU2274201A (en) 2001-06-25

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