EP1228519A1 - Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique - Google Patents

Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique

Info

Publication number
EP1228519A1
EP1228519A1 EP00971407A EP00971407A EP1228519A1 EP 1228519 A1 EP1228519 A1 EP 1228519A1 EP 00971407 A EP00971407 A EP 00971407A EP 00971407 A EP00971407 A EP 00971407A EP 1228519 A1 EP1228519 A1 EP 1228519A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
switching element
switching device
safety
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00971407A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1228519B1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Dickhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pilz GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Pilz GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pilz GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Pilz GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1228519A1 publication Critical patent/EP1228519A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1228519B1 publication Critical patent/EP1228519B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit

Definitions

  • Safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer, in particular an electrically driven machine, on and off
  • the present invention relates to a safety switching device for switching an electrical consumer, in particular an electrically driven machine, on and off, with a first and a second electromechanical switching element, the working contacts of which are arranged in series with one another between a first input terminal and an output terminal of the switching device, and with a second input terminal for a switching signal, which acts on the switching position of the normally open contacts of the two switching elements.
  • a safety switching device is known from DE 197 36 183 Cl.
  • Generic safety switching devices are mainly used in the industrial sector to switch on and off electrically driven machines, such as a press or a milling tool. They are used in particular in conjunction with a mechanically actuated emergency stop button to switch off the machine quickly and safely in an emergency situation.
  • the power supply to the machine to be switched off is carried out via the working contacts of the two electromechanical switching elements mentioned. As soon as even one of the two switching elements opens its work contacts, the power supply to the machine is interrupted.
  • a known problem with the switching elements used is that the opening and closing of a live contact can lead to sparking. Depending on the size of the current that is conducted through the contact, the spark formation is less or more pronounced. At very high currents, an arc forms between the working contacts, which due to its high temperature can result in the working contacts welding together. This can lead to the fact that the work contacts stick firmly to one another, so that the switching element can no longer be opened. With increasing strength of the current to be switched, measures for arc quenching are therefore necessary. The effort for such measures increases with increasing strength of the current to be switched, so that switching elements for high and very high currents are correspondingly expensive.
  • the nominal switching capacity indicates the largest current a switching element can switch at a certain voltage and a certain power factor cos ⁇ without being damaged.
  • the load class defines the properties of the load to be switched, e.g. whether it is a purely ohmic load (load class AC 1) or a more inductive load (load class AC 3). In the latter, sparking is particularly pronounced.
  • the first switching element has a lower rated switching capacity than the second switching element.
  • the safety switching device differs from the previously known safety switching devices in that the two switching elements arranged in series with one another have different nominal switching capacities. This applies at least to the same load class. This measure has the advantage that the switching elements used are exposed to different strengths relative to their nominal switching capacity. This ensures that the wear of the two switching elements is different. Furthermore, the probability decreases that both switching elements can fail at the same time. As a result, a particularly high safety reserve against uncontrolled and dangerous welding of the working contacts is achieved.
  • the measure has the advantage that the costs for a switching device for higher currents no longer increase disproportionately.
  • a safety switching device of the type mentioned at the outset it is possible for a safety switching device of the type mentioned at the outset to do so dimension that it is suitable for switching high and very high currents.
  • the safety switching device has a timing element, which delays the switching signal in such a way that it acts earlier on the working contacts of the first switching element when the consumer is switched on and later when the consumer is switched off than on the working contacts of the second switching element.
  • This measure has the advantage that the first switching element is not switched under load in normal working mode. As a result, no spark or arc can form between its work contacts, so that the wear of the first switching element is considerably reduced and welding is also excluded. Despite its relatively lower rated switching capacity, the first switching element thus has a long service life, while at the same time the safety switching device as a whole can be dimensioned for switching high currents. Should the second switching element, which is always switched under load, fail due to welding of the working contacts, it suffices that the previously "protected" first switching element can carry out a successful switching operation under load, in which its working contacts are opened.
  • the two switching elements thus have different "life expectancies", the "everyday load” being here on the stronger, second switching element.
  • a simultaneous failure of the two switching elements is practically excluded.
  • this configuration has the advantage that the first switching element can in some cases even be designed to be lower than in comparable switching devices with regard to its rated switching capacity. , The reason for this is that the first switching element essentially only has to be able to carry out a successful switching operation under load. If his work contacts are damaged, this is irrelevant, since the safety switching device has to be replaced anyway because of the defect of the second switching element.
  • the first, very inexpensive switching element thus acts as a type of fuse that can be damaged when activated.
  • the safety switching device of this configuration is very inexpensive, especially for switching high and very high currents, since only one switching element with the required very high rated switching capacity is required.
  • At least the first and the second switching element are surrounded by a common, firmly closed housing, from which the first input terminal and the output terminal are led out.
  • the tightly closed housing is a compact housing which surrounds the two switching elements in such a way that the user has no access to them. This prevents damage in the safety-relevant working group of the safety switching device. The reliability and safety of the switching device against errors during installation and also against manipulation is considerably increased.
  • the advantage of the measure mentioned is particularly clear in comparison to the solutions practiced hitherto, in which for switching very high currents in addition to the known safety relays to be installed individually were used. In contrast, the measure mentioned provides a single, compact and easy-to-install component.
  • the first and the second switching element are arranged on a common component carrier.
  • This measure also has the advantage that the safety and reliability of the switching device is increased, since faulty wiring is avoided during manufacture. In addition, this measure also improves the compactness and modular usability of the safety switching device.
  • the first and the second switching element each have at least one auxiliary contact, which is mechanically positively guided with the respective working contact.
  • Forced operation means that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts is absolutely coupled to the switching position of the normally open contacts, so that the switching position of the auxiliary contacts always enables a reliable determination of the switched position of the normally open contacts without interfering with the working circuit of the switching elements. It is only with the help of such a positive guidance that it is possible to obtain reliable information about the switching position of the working contacts of the two switching elements. Because of the measure mentioned, the safety of the switching device is increased again, since the switch-off is switched off safely Power supply can be checked in a simple manner based on the position of the auxiliary contacts.
  • the first switching element is a relay.
  • relay here refers to an electromechanical switching element that is suitable for switching low to medium currents in accordance with the usual technical terminology.
  • a relay has only a single contact pair as a working contact.
  • the measure has the advantage that such relays are available inexpensively as standard components, so that the costs of the safety switching device are reduced overall when they are used. This applies in particular in combination with the configuration already described, in which the first switching element is used in the manner of a fuse.
  • the second switching element is a contactor.
  • a contactor is a switching element with only one rest position, which is not operated by hand and which can switch on, conduct and switch off currents under normal circuit conditions including operational overload.
  • contactors differ from simple relays primarily in that the current path in the work circuit is guided at least over two separate pairs of work contacts, so that a contactor already has redundancy with respect to the work contacts.
  • a simple relay has only one contact pair in the working group. Add to that in the contactor integrated measures to extinguish sparks and arcs.
  • the measure has the advantage that, due to its design, a contactor is very robust, even with a high switching frequency. Accordingly, especially in combination with the first-mentioned embodiment of the invention, the service life of the safety switching device increases considerably.
  • the measure has the advantage that the working circuit of the safety switching device is only closed in the active state, since a contactor automatically falls back into its open rest position when the switching signal is lost. As a result, the safety of the switching device is increased again when using a contactor.
  • the safety switching device is designed as a contact amplifier for connection to a preceding switching device.
  • the safety switching device As an alternative to this measure, it is possible to design the safety switching device as a fully functional unit.
  • the measure mentioned has the advantage that the safety switching device as a modular switching device is only required where high and very high currents actually have to be switched.
  • numerous customer-specific switching devices for low and medium currents can be easily and inexpensively upgraded to switch high and very high currents.
  • the safety switching device according to the invention of this configuration can be manufactured in a significantly larger number, which in turn reduces the overall costs again.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a safety switching device according to the invention as a safe contact amplifier
  • Fig. 2 shows the timing sequence for the first and the second switching element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • a safety switching device is designated as a safe contact amplifier in its entirety with the reference number 10.
  • the switching device 10 is installed in a compact, tightly closed housing 12, from which a plurality of input terminals and output terminals are led out. Of the switching device 10, only the components essential to the invention are shown schematically in FIG. 1. Further, known components of generic switching devices, such as ready indicators, are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the switching device 10 has a first switching element 14 and a second switching element 16, the normally open contacts 18 and 20 of which are arranged in series with one another. In the present case, each of the two switching elements 14, 16 has three sets of working contacts 18 and 20, which are each positively guided together. Each of the two switching elements 14, 16 is therefore able to switch three phases of a power supply 22.
  • each of the two switching elements 14, 16 has an auxiliary contact 24, 26, which is also positively guided with the respective working contacts 18 and 20, respectively.
  • the auxiliary contacts 24, 26 of the two switching elements 14, 16 are also connected in series to one another. With the help of a current which is conducted via the auxiliary contacts 24, 26 (not shown), it is therefore possible to check the switching position of the working contacts 18, 20 of the switching elements 14, 16 without directly intervening in the working group of the switching elements 14, 16 ,
  • the two switching elements 14, 16 are fixedly arranged on a common component carrier 28 within the housing 12.
  • the first switching element 14 is a relay, the normally open contacts 18 of which each have only one pair of contacts. It has a rated switching capacity of 8 A based on the load class AC 3.
  • the second switching element 16 is a contactor, the rated switching capacity of which is 16 A based on the load class AC 3.
  • the make contacts 18, 20 of the two switching elements 14, 16 each form a current path that connects the first input terminals 30 of the switching device 10 to output terminals 32.
  • the individual phases of the power supply 22 are connected to the input terminals 30 when the switching device 10 is installed.
  • the output terminals 32 are connected to the electrical consumer, using the switching device 10 should be switched on and off.
  • a motor 34 is shown here as an example of an electrical consumer.
  • the switching device 10 also has an input circuit which has a timing element 36.
  • the timing element 36 is controlled via a second input terminal 38 and an output terminal 40 with a switching signal which acts on the switching position of the normally open contacts 18, 20 in the manner explained below.
  • the timer 36 delays the switching sequence of the normally open contacts 18, 20 in the manner shown in Fig. 2.
  • the timer 36 initially has a diode 42 arranged in the forward direction, the cathode of which is connected to a series circuit comprising a resistor 44 and a Zener diode 46 arranged in the reverse direction.
  • the anode of the zener diode 46 is connected to an input terminal of the control circuit of the second switching element 16.
  • Parallel to the second switching element 16 is a diode 48 arranged in the reverse direction.
  • the output connection of the control circuit of the second switching element 16 is connected to the collector of a transistor 50, the emitter of which is led to the output terminal 40.
  • the base of transistor 50 is connected via a resistor 52 to the anode of zener diode 46 or to the input connection of the control circuit of second switching element 16.
  • a diode 54 is located parallel to the resistor 44, the cathode of which is connected to the cathode of the diode 42.
  • the anode of the diode 54 leads to the cathode of the zener diode 46.
  • the anode of the diode 54 is connected to the output terminal 40 via a capacitor 56.
  • the diodes 42 and 54 are connected to the input connection of the control circuit of the first switching element 14.
  • the control circuit of the first switching element 14 is led to the output terminal 40.
  • a diode 58 connected in the reverse direction is located parallel to the first switching element 14.
  • the input terminal 38 is also connected directly to the input side of the control circuit of the second switching element 16.
  • the switching device 10 of this exemplary embodiment serves as a contact amplifier which can be connected via the second input terminal 38 and the output terminal 40 to a previous switching device (not shown here).
  • This exemplary embodiment has been chosen for the sake of simplicity, since a contact amplifier is comparatively simple and clear in terms of circuitry.
  • the invention can equally be used in a complete safety switching device to which only an emergency stop button has to be connected for operation.
  • the diode 42 becomes conductive. As a result, a current flows from the second input terminal 38 via the diode 42 through the control circuit of the first switching element 14 to the output terminal 40. This activates the first switching element 14, ie the make contacts 18 are closed. At the same time, the auxiliary contact 24 is opened due to the forced coupling. Furthermore, the current from the second input terminal 38 also overflows resistor 44 to capacitor 56, which is thereby charged. As soon as the voltage across the capacitor 56 exceeds the breakdown voltage of the zener diode 46, it becomes conductive, and as a result a base current flows through the resistor 52 through the transistor 50.
  • the diode 54 becomes conductive and the capacitor 56 discharges via the control circuit of the first switching element 14. This is therefore kept in its active state for a certain time, ie the make contacts 18 remain closed for a period of time .
  • the normally open contacts 18 also drop out, so that the power supply to the motor 34 is interrupted at the latest at this point in time, even if one or more normally open contacts 20 of the second one Switching element 16 should stick to each other.
  • the current path via the two auxiliary contacts 24, 26 is now closed, which, because of the forced coupling, enables a reliable statement to be made about the shutdown of the motor 34.
  • the diodes 48 and 58 which are arranged in parallel with the two switching elements 14, 16, are used in a manner known per se for supplementary spark suppression.
  • the timer 36 ensures that the normally open contacts 18 of the first switching element 14 are closed earlier than the normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16 when the power supply to the motor 34 is switched on. Conversely, the normally open contacts 20 of the second switching element 16 are closed when the motor 34 is switched off always opened earlier than the normally open contacts 18 of the first switching element.
  • switching on in the sense of the present invention denotes a voltage rise from an amount below the dropout voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 to an amount above the pull-in voltage of the two switching elements 14, 16 within a time that is small compared to T. 1 is.
  • switching off denotes a voltage drop from above the withstand voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 to a value below the dropout voltage of the switching elements 14, 16 within a period that is small compared to the time T 2 .
  • the switching signals according to FIG. 2 will have no infinitely steep rising or falling edges.
  • the safety switching device 10 is a fully functional stand-alone device which, in addition to the components described so far, has its own power supply. With the aid of the voltage supply, the switching device of this exemplary embodiment generates a voltage signal, with the aid of which the switching position of a passive emergency stop button can be checked. Depending on a switching signal obtained therefrom, the normally open contacts of the two switching elements 14, 16 are controlled via a circuit corresponding to the timing element 36.

Landscapes

  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
EP00971407A 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1228519B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19954460 1999-11-12
DE19954460A DE19954460C2 (de) 1999-11-12 1999-11-12 Sicherheitsschaltgerät zum Ein- und sicheren Ausschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers, insbesondere einer elektrisch angetriebenen Maschine
PCT/EP2000/010788 WO2001037302A1 (fr) 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1228519A1 true EP1228519A1 (fr) 2002-08-07
EP1228519B1 EP1228519B1 (fr) 2004-05-26

Family

ID=7928808

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00971407A Expired - Lifetime EP1228519B1 (fr) 1999-11-12 2000-11-02 Commutateur de securite servant a la mise sous tension et a la mise hors tension de securite d'un recepteur electrique, en particulier d'une machine a entrainement electrique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6570272B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1228519B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4490616B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE268053T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1027401A (fr)
DE (1) DE19954460C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001037302A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020130557A1 (en) 2002-09-19
DE19954460C2 (de) 2002-02-28
AU1027401A (en) 2001-05-30
EP1228519B1 (fr) 2004-05-26
ATE268053T1 (de) 2004-06-15
WO2001037302A1 (fr) 2001-05-25
US6570272B2 (en) 2003-05-27
JP4490616B2 (ja) 2010-06-30
JP2003514361A (ja) 2003-04-15
DE19954460A1 (de) 2001-09-20

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