EP2208215B1 - Dispositif de commutation et procédé de contrôle d'un relais électromagnétique - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation et procédé de contrôle d'un relais électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2208215B1
EP2208215B1 EP07846672.9A EP07846672A EP2208215B1 EP 2208215 B1 EP2208215 B1 EP 2208215B1 EP 07846672 A EP07846672 A EP 07846672A EP 2208215 B1 EP2208215 B1 EP 2208215B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
relay coil
switching
relay
switching device
signal
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2208215A1 (fr
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Harald Kapp
Harald Strohmaier
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching arrangement for driving a relay coil having a relay relay and having electromagnetic relay, wherein in a current path with the relay coil two switching devices are arranged such that a first switching device with a first terminal of the relay coil and a second switching device with a second terminal of the relay coil communicates; a drive device is provided which is set up to close both switching devices in order to establish a current flow through the relay coil and to open both switching devices in order to interrupt a current flow through the relay coil.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding method for driving an electromagnetic relay.
  • Electromagnetic relays In electrical devices, electromagnetic relays are often used to perform controlled switching operations. Electromagnetic relays usually consist of a relay coil and at least one pair of electrical relay contacts. If an electric current is applied to the relay coil, a magnetic field is generated around the relay coil, whereby - in the case of self-opening relays - a closure of the relay contacts is effected so that a current flow through the relay contacts is possible. If the current flowing through the relay coil interrupted again, the movable part of the relay contacts is moved back, for example by means of a spring means in its initial position, causing an opening of the relay contacts and interrupts the flow of current through them. For self-closing relays are the contacts closed in the de-energized state of the relay coil and open in the current-carrying state.
  • Electromagnetic relays are usually used where, by means of a comparatively low current from a drive circuit, a comparatively larger current in a switching circuit to be switched on or off.
  • the electromagnetic relay forms in this case a galvanic decoupling of the drive circuit and the switching circuit.
  • Electromagnetic relays are used, for example, in electrical protective devices for monitoring electrical energy supply networks in order to trigger a tripping of an electrical circuit breaker in the event of a fault in the electrical energy supply network by closing the relay contacts of a so-called "command relay", thus interrupting the fault current.
  • electromagnetic relays it is of utmost importance to reliably prevent unintentional switching on or off in order to ensure a high degree of safety in the event of a fault on the one hand, and to avoid costly false triggering on the other hand.
  • the relay coil is not only controlled by a possibly error-prone single switching device, but instead via two switching devices located in the current path of the relay coil.
  • the relay coil is only activated when both switching devices are closed at the same time.
  • a switching device is opened, the current flow through the relay coil is interrupted.
  • Such a switching arrangement is for example from the German patent DE 44 09 287 C1 known from which a relay coil emerges, which is located with two switching devices in the form of transistors in a current path.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a circuit arrangement and a method of the type mentioned above, which allow a predictive review of the relay coil and the two switching devices to possibly occurred errors.
  • a switching arrangement of the type mentioned in which the drive means for emitting test signals to the first and the second switching means is arranged, wherein the test signals are such that they do not affect the current state of the relay contacts; an input of a conversion device is acted upon by a measurement voltage which is tapped between a connection of the relay coil and one of the switching devices, wherein the conversion device is set up to convert the measurement voltage into a binary response signal; and connected to an output of the conversion device is a monitoring device which evaluates the course of the binary response signal during the transmission of the test signals by the control device and indicates an error in the relay coil or one of the switching devices if the course of the binary response signal deviates from an expected curve.
  • the particular advantage of the switching arrangement according to the invention is that a comparatively inexpensive examination of the correct function of the relay coil and the two switching devices is already possible if no faulty switching operation of the relay has yet been carried out. In this way, as it were, a forward check of the relay coil and the two switching devices can be performed for possible errors.
  • "anticipatory" means that a check of the functionality can take place without bringing about a switching action of the relay contacts. For this purpose, only a single measuring signal in the form of the measuring voltage is tapped and monitored in comparatively inexpensive manner. A malfunction of the two switching devices or the relay coil can be advantageously achieved both when switched on and when the relay coil is switched off by the two switching devices are acted upon with test signals that do not affect the current state of the relay contacts.
  • the two switching devices are semiconductor switches, in particular transistors.
  • Such semiconductor switches can be switched on and off particularly quickly and with low switching power.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the switching arrangement according to the invention further provides that in the current path of the relay coil between each terminal of the relay coil and a switching device, a terminal of a respective damping capacitor is arranged. Due to the damping effect of the capacitors, the course of the measuring voltage and thus the course of the binary response signal can be extended in time so that a particularly simple evaluation is possible.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the switch arrangement according to the invention further provides that the conversion device has a parallel to the current path of the relay coil arranged voltage divider, theressstagerabgriff is acted upon on the one hand with the measuring voltage and on the other hand supplied to obtain a binary response signal to a control input of another switching device. In this way, a binary response signal from the measurement voltage can be generated without much circuit complexity.
  • the further switching device may be, for example, a semiconductor switch, in particular a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor). Field-effect transistors are driven by voltages and are therefore particularly well suited in the present case for the conversion of the measurement voltage into a binary response signal.
  • MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by a method for driving an electromagnetic relay having a relay coil and relay contacts, in which both switching devices are closed to establish a current flow through the relay coil and to interrupt a current flow through the relay coil both switching devices are opened, wherein the switching devices are arranged in a current path with the relay coil such that the first switching device is connected to a first terminal of the relay coil and the second switching device to a second terminal of the relay coil, wherein in the inventive method, the drive means test signals delivers to the two switching devices that do not affect the current state of the relay contacts; between a terminal of the relay coil and one of the switching devices, a measuring voltage is tapped; the measuring voltage is converted into a binary response signal; and an error in the relay coil or one of the two switching devices is indicated if the course of the binary response signal deviates from an expected course.
  • a check of the drive circuit of the electromagnetic relay can advantageously take place in a forward-looking manner.
  • time-delayed test signals are delivered to the two switching devices, which are shorter than a response time of the relay.
  • the time is regarded as the response time of the relay, which requires a magnetic field generated by the relay coil to respond to sudden change in a voltage applied to the relay coil voltage with a change in the switching state of the relay contacts.
  • the relay coil is switched off in the case of a completely established magnetic field, the magnetic field only builds up with a certain time delay. Only when the magnetic field strength is no longer sufficient to hold the relay contacts in their previous position, the state of the relay contacts changes. If you switch back on the timely Relay coil, so the magnetic field builds up again and the relay contacts remain in their state without change.
  • a magnetic field of the relay coil in a sudden application of a voltage to the - previously de-energized - relay coil requires a certain period of time until its magnetic field strength sufficient to control the relay contacts. If the current flow is interrupted in good time, the state of the relay contacts does not change.
  • test signals must therefore be so short in terms of their duration that no change in the state of the relay contacts occurs due to the inertia of the magnetic field of the relay coil which builds up or degrades.
  • a check of the two switching devices and the relay coil for possible errors can be carried out with the inventive method, both in the currentless as well as in the current-carrying state of the relay coil.
  • a check can be carried out according to an advantageous development by the first switching device is permanently driven, while the second switching device is controlled by a pulsed test signal.
  • the timing of the binary response signal can be compared continuously with the expected course.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides, however, that to determine whether an error is present in the relay coil or one of the switching devices, the binary response signal is compared to the expected course at least two characteristic times, wherein between the characteristic times at least one change with respect to the condition of at least one test signal.
  • the computing power required for the comparison of the monitoring device is kept relatively low, since the course of the binary response signal and the expected course in the simplest case only have to be compared with each other at two particularly characteristic times and therefore a continuous comparison is not necessary.
  • the method according to the invention should be repeated at regular time intervals.
  • test signals are emitted by the control device depending on the state of the relay contacts.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a switching arrangement for driving an electromagnetic relay.
  • a drive circuit of the electromagnetic relay comprises in a current path 10 a series connection of a relay coil 11 with a first switching device 12a and a second switching device 12b, the switching devices 12a and 12b in FIG FIG. 1 merely exemplified by mechanical switching devices.
  • the switching devices 12a and 12b may be formed by mechanical switches or semiconductor switches, such as transistors.
  • V + a high or low voltage level is indicated.
  • the high voltage level V + may be at 10V while the low voltage level is V-0V.
  • the first switching device 12a communicates with a first terminal 11a of the relay coil 11 on the high voltage level V + side, while the second low-voltage side switching device 12b connects with a second terminal 11b of the relay coil 11.
  • the first and second switching devices 12a and 12b are connected to their drive inputs with a drive device 13 in connection. Via the drive device 13, the switching devices 12a and 12b can be switched on or off.
  • the control device 13 is set up for the delivery of test signals to the control inputs of the first and second switching devices 12a and 12b, as will be explained in more detail later.
  • a measuring voltage U mess is tapped off via a branch 14 and fed to a converting device 15.
  • the conversion device 15 is configured to convert the measurement voltage U mess into a binary response signal BS and to deliver this at its output.
  • the binary response signal BS is supplied to a monitoring device 16, which can exchange information with the drive device 13.
  • the monitoring device 16 can either - as in FIG. 1 represented - form an independent unit or - deviating from the representation in FIG. 1 - Be integrated in the drive device 13.
  • Both the drive device 13 and the monitoring device 16 may include a microprocessor or other logic device (eg, an ASIC) that controls their operation.
  • the measuring voltage U mess can also be arranged at the connection between the first switching device 12a and the first terminal of the relay coil 11.
  • the sequence of the test signals for monitoring the current path 10 described below is correspondingly reversed to the two in such a case Distribute switching devices 12a and 12b, the error cases described below are also adapted accordingly.
  • the following examples is intended by a tap of the measuring voltage U mess according to FIG. 1 , So be assumed that between the second switching device 12b and the second terminal of the relay coil 11.
  • FIG. 2 a switching arrangement for driving an electromagnetic relay, for example, as in FIG. 2 be shown constructed.
  • FIG. 1 appropriate components are in FIG. 2 the same reference numerals used.
  • the switching devices 12a and 12b are shown in FIG. 2 as semiconductor switches in the form of transistors.
  • a group of switching elements is indicated, which correspond to the conversion device 15 FIG. 1 equivalent.
  • the core of the conversion device 15 forms in accordance with the embodiment FIG. 2 a voltage divider 22, which consists of two ohmic resistors 22a and 22b by way of example. Between the two ohmic resistors 22a and 22b is apalssmaschinerabgriff 23, on the one hand with the branch 14 for the measuring voltage and on the other hand is in communication with a control input of a further switching device 24.
  • Another ohmic resistor 26 is used to adjust the voltage level of the binary response signal BS.
  • a terminal of a first damping capacitor 27a is connected, which lies with its other terminal at the low voltage level V-. Accordingly, at the connection between the second switching device 12b and the second terminal 11b of the relay coil 11 with its one terminal, a second damping capacitor 27b is connected, whose second terminal is also at the low voltage level V-.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the functioning of the in FIG. 2 illustrated switching arrangement, in particular with regard to the review of the two switching devices 12a and 12b and the relay coil 11 for possible errors, will be explained in more detail. This is except on FIG. 2 also on the FIGS. 3 to 7 Referenced.
  • the control device 13 initially serves to establish a current flow through the relay coil 1 or to interrupt it by simultaneously opening or closing the switching devices 12a and 12b.
  • a current flow through the relay coil 11 is produced, whereby a developed corresponding magnetic field in the relay coil 11 and from a certain magnetic field strength, causing a change in the state of the (not shown) relay contacts of the electromagnetic relay.
  • the control device 13 opens the two switching devices 12a and 12b, so that the magnetic field generated by the relay coil 11 degrades again. If the field strength generated by the magnetic field is no longer sufficient to hold the relay contacts in their position, they will change to their normal position, for example due to the action of a spring force.
  • the voltage applied to this branch 14 measuring voltage U mess is fed to the converting device 15, where they are in a binary Response signal BS is implemented.
  • the course of the binary response signal BS is compared by the monitoring device 16 with an expected course, and an error in the current path 10 is detected if the expected course and the actual course of the binary response signal BS differ from each other.
  • the monitoring device 16 is able to exchange information with the control device 13, for example via the beginning of sending the test signals P_A, P_B to the two switching devices 12a and 12b to be informed.
  • a corresponding error message can be issued, which informs an operator of a device in which the electromagnetic relay is installed, about the error.
  • the operator of the corresponding device can then replace the corresponding faulty module, even before it can lead to an actual malfunction of the electromagnetic relay.
  • a check of the current path 10 for possible errors can be carried out both in the currentless and in the current-carrying state of the relay coil and correspondingly switched off or switched relay contacts, without affecting the state of the relay contacts thereby.
  • the curves of the test signals P_A and P_B are shown in the two upper diagrams, while in the The following ten diagrams each on the left side of the measuring voltages applied to the branch 14, shown for the error-free case and for various error cases, while shown on the right side respectively resulting from the respective measurement voltages binary response signals for the error-free case and for various error cases are.
  • a second test signal P_B is initially supplied to the second switching device 12b to start a test run.
  • This test signal P_B brings the second switching device 12b in its closed state.
  • the duration of the test signal P_B is in this case such that even in the event that the first switching device 12a should be permanently short-circuited due to an error, the duration of a resulting then by the relay coil 11 current flow has no effect on the state of the relay contacts.
  • the duration of the test signal P_B must therefore be less than the response time of the relay already explained earlier.
  • the duration of a test signal for this purpose can be selected between a lower and an upper limit, the lower limit indicating the time required to generate a correct binary response signal in the converter 15 and the upper limit at a sufficiently safe distance from the Response time of the relay should be.
  • the possible range for the duration of the test signals may be between about 40 and about 200 ⁇ s.
  • the delivery of the test signal P_B to the second switching device 12b is terminated after such a short period of time chosen again and there is a signal pause, while no test signal to the switching devices 12a or 12b is delivered.
  • another test signal P_A is delivered to the first switching device 12a, which causes the switching device 12a to close.
  • the test signal P_A must be so short in terms of its duration that even if the second switching device 12b erroneously should be in a permanently short-circuited state, the state of the relay contacts is not affected. The duration of the test signal P_A must therefore also be below the response time of the relay.
  • test run After completion of this test signal sequence of the test run is completed; After any break, another test run can be started. For example, it can be provided that a renewed test run is initiated every 250 ⁇ s.
  • the course of the measuring voltage U mess corr should now with the addition of FIG. 2 be explained. For this purpose, it is assumed that the two switching devices 12a and 12b work properly and initially both are in the locked state.
  • the measuring voltage is U mess corr on a middle, predetermined by the voltage divider 22 voltage level.
  • the binary response signal BS korr is at a high level since the measurement voltage U mess corr sufficient to souzuberichtn the further switching device 24.
  • the switching device 12b is closed and the measurement voltage U mess corr at the branch 14 is pulled to the low voltage level V-pull, since the second switching device 12b, the lower resistor 22b of the voltage divider 22 bridges.
  • the course of the measuring voltage U mess corr in FIG. 3 Thus, a sudden drop can be taken as soon as the test signal P_B closes the switching device 12b.
  • the binary response signal BS corr decreases to a low level, since the further switching device due to the low applied measurement voltage U mess corr locks.
  • the second switching device 12b again switches to the blocked state and the previously discharged damping capacitors 27a and 27b are charged via the upper resistor 22a of the voltage divider 22.
  • this charging process takes place so slowly that an increase in the measuring voltage U mess corr during the signal break barely noticeable.
  • the increase of the measuring voltage U mess corr is at least not sufficient to convert the further switching device 24 of the conversion device 15 in its current-permeable state, so that the binary response signal BS corr remains during the signal pause remains at the low level. If after the signal pause the test signal P_A acts on the first switching device 12a and brings them into their current-permeable state, the snubber capacitors 27a and 27b are charged comparatively fast, since the upper resistor 22a of the voltage divider 22 is bridged and the high voltage level V + directly across the snubber capacitors 27a and 27b is applied. This fast charging process can also be recognized on the Course of the measuring voltage U mess corr . which increases steeply during the delivery of the second measurement signal P_A.
  • the measurement voltage is U mess corr at the high voltage level V +.
  • the binary response signal BS korr abruptly rises to its high level. If the delivery of the first test signal P_A is terminated after the corresponding time has expired, the discharge capacitors 27a and 27b are again discharged via the lower resistor 22b of the voltage divider 22 at the branch 14 to the predetermined mean voltage level corresponding to the voltage divider 22.
  • the binary response signal is transmitted to the monitoring device 16, which compares the course of the binary response signal with an expected course.
  • Such a comparison can either be carried out continuously during the entire test run or it can be discontinuous only at certain characteristic points in time to save on the one hand computing capacity of the monitoring device and on the other hand insensitive to insignificant deviations of the binary response signal from the expected course, which is not due to an error in Current path 10 would indicate.
  • FIG. 3 For this purpose, two monitoring times t 1 and t 2 are entered, which are indicated in the course of the binary response signals in each case with circles. Consequently, for the correct course of the binary response signal, a low signal level must be set at measurement time t 1 and a high signal level at measurement time t 2 . If the monitoring device 16 recognizes the correct course on the basis of the signal levels measured at these times, it closes to one faultless current path 10 and does not take any further action until the next test run is initiated.
  • the error case F1 should be considered that the second switching device 12b permanently blocks due to an error.
  • the delivery of a test signal P_B to the second switching device 12b has no effect, since the permanently blocking switching device 12b can not be brought into a current-permeable state. Consequently, the corresponding measurement voltage remains U mess F ⁇ 1 on the set by the voltage divider 22 average voltage level and does not decrease, as indicated by the dashed lines of the correct measurement voltage U mess corr expected to depend on the low voltage level V-. Accordingly, the binary response signal BS F 1 remains at its high level.
  • the first switching device 12a After completion of the test signal P_A, the first switching device 12a turns off again, and the damping capacitors 27a and 27b discharge to the mean voltage level predetermined by the voltage divider 22.
  • the monitoring device 16 thus detects during the test run a binary response signal BS F 1 , which is permanently at the high level.
  • the monitoring device 16 detects a deviation of the binary response signal BS F1 from the expected curve (indicated by dashed lines) at time t 1 , since the binary response signal BS F 1 is at a high level and not as expected low level. From this, the monitoring device 16 detects an error in the current path 10 and outputs an error signal to warn the operator of an electrical device containing the electromagnetic relay.
  • the fault case F2 is to be considered that the second switching device 12b is permanently short-circuited, so that a current flow through the switching device 12b is constantly possible.
  • the voltage applied to the branch 14 for this case U mess F ⁇ 2 is already before the beginning of the test run because of the shorted switching device 12b at the low voltage level V-. Switching on the test signal P_B has no influence on this, since the switching device is in any case in the open state.
  • the resulting binary response signal BS F 2 is thus permanently at its low level before the start of the test run and during the delivery of the test signal P_B.
  • the monitoring device 16 is supplied in this error case F2 a permanently low level lying binary response signal BS F 2 .
  • the binary response signal BS F 2 is discretely viewed at the times t 1 and t 2 , a deviation is detected at the time t 2 , where the binary response signal AS F 2 is at a low level instead of the expected high level.
  • the monitoring device 16 therefore outputs an error signal for indicating an error in the current path 10.
  • the next fault F3 includes the two faults that the switching device 12a permanently locks or a line break in the relay coil 11 is present (or both), so that a current flow through the relay coil 11 is not possible.
  • the measuring voltage U mess F ⁇ 3 starts in this case on the by the Voltage divider 22 predetermined average voltage potential and drops at the delivery of the test signal P_B due to the then shorted second switching device 12b to the low voltage level. Accordingly, the binary response signal BS F 3 falls to its low level.
  • the damping capacitor 27b (in the case of a line break in the relay coil 11) or both damping capacitors 27a and 27b (with the first switching device 12a permanently locked) re-charge via the upper resistor 22a of the voltage divider 22, this charging process, as already mentioned, occurring so slowly, that no change in the state of the other switching device 24 takes place.
  • the binary response signal BS F 3 is consequently still at a low level.
  • the delivery of a test signal P_A to the first switching device 12a can not generate a current flow through the switching device 12a and the relay coil 11, so that the charging process the attenuation capacitors 27a and 27b is continued correspondingly slowly via the resistor 22a, so that even during the delivery of the test signal P_A the measuring voltage applied to the branch 14 U mess F ⁇ 3 is not sufficient to effetstoffuzatuln the further switching device 24.
  • the binary response signal BS F 3 consequently remains at a low level.
  • the monitoring device 16 is supplied at the times t 1 and t 2 each have a low level of the binary response signal BS F 3 , so that it detects a deviation from the expected course at time t 2 and emits an error signal.
  • the fault case F4 should be considered that the first switching device 12a permanently short-circuited is.
  • the measurement voltage starts U mess F ⁇ 4 in this case already at the beginning of the test run at the high voltage level V +. Accordingly, the binary response signal BS F 4 is at the high level.
  • a delivery of the test signal P_B closes the second switching device 12b and thus lowers the voltage level at the branch 14 to the low voltage level V-. This jump can be recognized according to the course of the measuring voltage U mess F ⁇ 4 and also on the resulting binary response signal BS F 4 .
  • the second switching device 12b blocks again, so that the capacitors 27a and 27b are charged very quickly via the permanently short-circuited switching device 12a to the high voltage level V +.
  • the binary response signal BS F 4 thus jumps back to the high level already in the signal pause. Consequently, a delivery of the test signal P_A to the first switching device 12a no longer has any effect on the measurement voltage U mess F ⁇ 4 and the resulting binary response signal BS F 4 , since the first switching device 12a is already permanently short-circuited and the branch 14 is already at the high voltage level V +.
  • the monitoring device 16 is thus in this case, the error in FIG. 3 shown course of the binary response signal BS F 4 supplied. Even with discrete consideration, only the time t 1 and t 2 , the monitoring device 16 detects a deviation of the binary response signal BS F 4 from the expected course at time t 1 and outputs an error signal.
  • test Start the test signal P_B is first output by the drive device 13 to the second switching device 12b according to step 40.
  • a certain period of time for example 40 ⁇ s
  • step 43 during the signal pause again a predetermined period of time, for example again 40 ⁇ s, waited during which no test signal is delivered.
  • step 44 it is checked in step 44 whether the binary response signal has reached the expected low level (in FIG. 4 as "0") is located.
  • step 45 the test signal P_A is turned on to turn on the switching device 12a.
  • the test signal P_A is maintained in step 46 for a predetermined period of time, for example 40 ⁇ s again, before it is checked in step 47 with the monitoring device 16 whether the binary response signal is at the expected high level (the high level is in FIG. 4 exemplified by "1"). If a deviation of the binary response signal is detected, an error message is again output. If a correct binary response signal is detected, the test signal P_A is turned off in a next step 48 and the test run is successfully completed ("TEST OK").
  • test process can be initiated again with activation of the sequence "TEST Start” to ensure a permanent check of the current path 10.
  • a so-called pulse-width modulated holding current can be driven through the relay coil 11 which averaged over the time produces a lower power (and thus lower power dissipation in the relay coil) and is sufficient to the relay contacts in their activated To maintain state.
  • the inertia of the electromagnetic relay is exploited, since the magnetic field in the relay coil 11 - as described above - has degraded so far only after a certain response time that the relay contacts would go back to their deactivated state, so that in accordance short pulse this response time always falls below and the relay contacts remain permanently in their activated state.
  • the already pulsed activation of the second switching device 12b is advantageously used as a pulsed test signal P_B for monitoring the corresponding measurement voltage U mess at the branch 14.
  • a pulsed test signal P_B for monitoring the corresponding measurement voltage U mess at the branch 14.
  • the resulting correct course of the measuring voltage U mess corr * and the resulting correct course of the binary response signal BS corr * is in FIG. 6 shown in the two diagrams in the second line.
  • the course of the measuring voltage U mess corr * and the binary response signal BS corr * should be related to FIG. 2 be explained.
  • the switching device 12a is in its closed state at the beginning of the test sequence, while the switching device 12b is disabled due to the missing test signal P_B.
  • the high voltage level V + which controls the further switching device 24, is established causes and the binary response signal BS corr * consequently holds high.
  • the test signal P_B is output, the then closed switching device 12b pulls the measuring voltage U mess corr * at the branch 14 to the lower voltage level V-, since here the lower resistor 22b of the voltage divider 22 is bridged. Accordingly, both the measuring voltage decrease U mess corr * as well as the resulting binary response signal BS korr * abruptly.
  • the second switching device 12b locks again.
  • an overvoltage is induced by the sudden interruption of the current flow and the therefore degrading magnetic field, which degrades slowly via a current flow through the resistor 25a and the diode 25b.
  • the measuring voltage picked up at the branch 14 increases U mess corr * first over the high voltage level V + and then gradually drops back to the high voltage level V +.
  • the test signal P_B must be turned on again to close the current path 10 again.
  • the monitoring device 16 is the course of the binary response signal BS supplied. As in the de-energized state of the relay coil, a check of the correct course of the binary response signal can be carried out continuously or discontinuously. In FIG. 6 For the discontinuous consideration, two characteristic times t 3 and t 4 are picked out, to which the monitoring device 16 checks the course of the binary response signal. With a correct course of the binary response signal corresponding to BS corr * , therefore, a low level must be detected at time t 3 and a high level at time t 4 .
  • the switching device 12a Since the switching device 12a is permanently held in its closed state by the delivery of a continuous test signal P_A anyway, a state of the first switching device 12a permanently short-circuited by an error can not be detected by means of the test sequence when the relay coil 11 is current-carrying. However, since this would initially lead to any malfunction of the electromagnetic relay - the first switching device 12a should be permanently shorted anyway - the undetectability of such a fault is not a disadvantage of the test run. Such an error would be in the already described above review in the de-energized state of the relay coil can be easily recognized.
  • the error case F5 should be treated so that the second switching device 12b is in a permanently locked state.
  • the branch 14 would remain permanently at the high voltage level V + by the intentionally short-circuited switching device 12a. Since a delivery of the test signal P_B due to the faulty permanently locked second switching device 12b has no influence on the switching state of this second switching device 12b, the measuring voltage remains U mess F ⁇ 5 at the branch 14 regardless of the state of the test signal P_B at the high voltage level V +.
  • the resulting binary response signal BS F5 consequently remains continuously at the high level, so that the monitoring device 16 detects a deviation of the course of the binary response signal BS F5 from the expected course.
  • the monitoring device 16 at time t 3 and t 4 at time t 3, a deviation of the binary signal BS response F5 solid, which is in place at a low to a high level, and may generate an error signal.
  • the error case F6 is to be dealt with that the second switching device 12b is permanently short-circuited.
  • the measuring voltage is U mess F ⁇ 6 at the branch 14 by the permanently short-circuited switching device 12b continuously at the low voltage level V-, so that the course of the measuring voltage U mess F ⁇ 6 . as in FIG. 6 shown results.
  • the measuring voltage U mess F ⁇ 6 This is independent of the test signal P_B at the low voltage level V-, so that the resulting binary response signal BS F 6 remains permanently low level.
  • the monitoring device 16 can monitor both the continuous and the discontinuous monitoring of the course of the binary response signal consequently notice a deviation from the expected course; in a discontinuous view, the monitoring device 16 detects a low level of the binary response signal BS F 6 instead of an expected high level at time t 4 , so that an error signal can be output.
  • the fault F7 should be considered that either the relay coil 11 has a line break or the first switching device 12a permanently locks.
  • the measuring voltage starts U mess F ⁇ 7 at the branch 14 initially at a set via the voltage divider 22 average voltage level, since the second switching device 12b blocks the flow of current.
  • the binary response signal BS F7 thus starts at a high level.
  • the measuring voltage U mess F ⁇ 7 * remains at the low voltage level V- as long as the test signal P_B keeps the second switching device 12b in the closed state.
  • the damping capacitor 27b in the case of a line break in the relay coil 11
  • both damping capacitors with the first switching device 12a permanently locked
  • the binary response signal BS F7 initially remains at low level.
  • the monitoring device 16 thus detects a Deviation of the binary response signal BS F7 from the expected course.
  • the monitor 16 detects a low level at time t 4 instead of an expected high level of the binary response signal and may issue an error signal.
  • test start the test signal P_B is turned on in a first step 71.
  • step 72 a check is made in step 73 as to whether the binary response signal BS has entered a low level ("0").
  • the time period required in step 72 only has to be dimensioned so long that the response of the binary response signal BS to the second switching device 12b switched on by the test signal P_B can be detected correctly.
  • step 73 If a deviation of the binary response signal BS from the expected low level is detected in step 73 at time t 3 , an error message is output. If, however, the binary response signal BS corresponds to the expected course in step 73, the test signal P_B is switched off again in step 74 after the expiry of a time period sufficient for the generation of the necessary holding current, and a further short period of time is waited in step 76, which is dimensioned such that a reaction of the binary response signal can be detected. In step 77, it is checked whether the binary response signal BS is at the expected high level. If this is not the case, an error is again output. However, if the binary response signal is at the expected high level, the test run is successfully completed and can be restarted after a predetermined period of time.
  • the enabled exchange of information between the control device 13 and the monitoring device 16 makes it possible for the monitoring device 16 to include the expected course of the binary response signal matching the respective desired state of the relay coil 11 (either currentless or current flowing through) in its check.
  • the monitoring device If, nevertheless, a precise error differentiation is desired, then either a continuous monitoring of the binary response signal by means of the monitoring device must be carried out, or the number of measurement times must be correspondingly longer by further characteristic points in time be increased, as this further meaningful deviations of the binary response signal can be specified. In this case, it is possible that the monitoring device also outputs the error type with its error message.
  • the relay coil 11 can be checked when checking the level according to step 77 (cf. FIG. 7 ) are issued at a detected deviation, a more specific error message indicating that either the second switching device 12b is permanently short-circuited or the first switching device 12a permanently locks or the relay coil 11 has a conductor break.
  • step 77 cf. FIG. 7
  • Such error messages can be helpful, for example, in repairing a defective relay module or in the search for a systematic error cause.

Landscapes

  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Agencement de commutation pour commander un relais électromagnétique ayant une bobine ( 11 ) de relais et des contacts de relais, dans lequel
    - il est monté dans un trajet ( 10 ) de courant ayant la bobine de relais deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption de manière à ce qu'un premier dispositif ( 12a ) d'interruption soit en liaison avec une première borne de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais et qu'un deuxième dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption soit en liaison avec une deuxième borne de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais et
    - il est prévu un dispositif ( 13 ) de commande conçu pour fermer les deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption, afin de produire un flux de courant dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais, et pour ouvrir les deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption, afin d'interrompre un flux de courant dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le dispositif ( 13 ) de commande est conçu pour envoyer des signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle au premier et au deuxième dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption, les signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle étant tels qu'ils n'influencent pas l'état présent des contacts du relais,
    - il est appliqué à une entrée d'un dispositif ( 15 ) de conversion une tension ( Umess ) de mesure qui est prélevée entre une borne de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais et l'un des dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption, le dispositif ( 15 ) de conversion étant conçu pour transformer la tension ( UMess ) de mesure en un signal ( BS ) de réponse binaire et
    - à la sortie du dispositif ( 15 ) de conversion est relié un dispositif ( 16 ) de contrôle qui, pendant l'envoi des signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle par le dispositif ( 13 ) de commande, exploite la courbe du signal ( BS ) de réponse binaire et indique un défaut dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais ou de l'un des dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption si la courbe du signal ( BS ) de réponse binaire s'écarte d'une courbe escomptée.
  2. Agencement de commutation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    - les deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption sont des interrupteurs à semiconducteur, en étant notamment des transistors.
  3. Agencement de commutation suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que
    - il est monté dans le trajet ( 10 ) de courant de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais, respectivement entre une borne de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais et un dispositif ( 12a ou 12b ) d'interruption, une borne respectivement d'un condensateur ( 27a, 27b ) d'amortissement.
  4. Agencement de commutation suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif ( 15 ) de conversion a un diviseur ( 12 ) de tension, qui est monté en parallèle au trajet ( 10 ) courant et à la prise ( 23 ) duquel est appliquée la tension ( Umess ) de mesure, d'une part, laquelle est envoyée, d'autre part, pour obtenir le signal ( BS ) binaire, à une entrée de commande d'un autre dispositif ( 24 ) d'interruption.
  5. Agencement de commutation suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que
    - l'autre dispositif ( 24 ) d'interruption est un interrupteur à semiconducteur, en étant notamment un MOSFET.
  6. Procédé de commande d'un relais électromagnétique ayant une bobine ( 11 ) de relais et des contacts de relais, dans lequel, pour produire un flux de courant dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais, on ferme deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption et, pour interrompre un flux de courant dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais, on ouvre les deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption, les dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption étant montés dans un trajet de courant ayant la bobine ( 11 ) de relais de manière à ce que le premier dispositif ( 12a ) d'interruption soit en liaison avec une première borne de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais et de manière à ce que le deuxième dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption soit en contact avec une deuxième borne de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - un dispositif ( 13 ) de commande envoie aux deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption des signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle qui n'influencent pas l'état présent des contacts du relais,
    - on prélève une tension ( Umess ) de mesure entre une borne de la bobine ( 11 ) du relais et l'un des dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption,
    - on transforme la tension ( Umess ) de mesure en un signal ( BS ) de réponse binaire et
    - on indique un défaut dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais ou dans l'un des deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption si la courbe du signal ( BS ) de réponse binaire s'écarte d'une course escomptée.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - dans l'état sans courant de la bobine ( 11 ) de relais, on envoie d'une manière décalée dans le temps aux deux dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption des signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle, qui sont plus courts qu'un temps de réponse du relais.
  8. Procédé suivant la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - lors du prélèvement de la tension ( Umess ) de mesure entre la deuxième borne de la bobine ( 11 ) du relais et le deuxième dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption, on envoie les signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle dans l'ordre suivant :
    a) on envoie un signal ( P_B ) de contrôle au deuxième dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption,
    b) pendant un intervalle entre les signaux, on n'envoie pas de signal de contrôle,
    c) on envoie un signal ( P_A ) de contrôle au premier dispositif ( 12a ) d'interruption.
  9. Procédé suivant la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - lors du prélèvement de la tension ( Umess ) de mesure entre la première borne de la bobine ( 11 ) du relais et le premier dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption, on envoie les signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle dans l'ordre suivant :
    a) on envoie un signal ( P_A ) de contrôle au premier dispositif ( 12a ) d'interruption,
    b) pendant un intervalle entre les signaux, on n'envoie pas de signal de contrôle,
    c) on envoie un signal ( P_B ) de contrôle au deuxième dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption.
  10. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - dans l'état où du courant passe dans la bobine ( 11 ) de relais, on commande en permanence le premier dispositif ( 12a ) d'interruption, tandis que l'on commande le deuxième dispositif ( 12b ) d'interruption par un signal ( P_B ) de contrôle pulsé.
  11. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - pour déterminer s'il y a un défaut dans la bobine ( 11 ) du relais ou dans l'un des dispositifs ( 12a, 12b ) d'interruption, on compare le signal ( BS ) de réponse binaire en au moins deux instants caractéristiques ( par exemple t1 et t2 ) à la courbe escomptée, une modification en ce qui concerne l'état d'au moins un signal ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle ayant eu lieu entre les instants caractéristiques ( par exemple t1 et t2 ).
  12. procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    - on le répète à des intervalles de temps réguliers.
  13. procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on envoie, par le dispositif ( 13 ) de commande, des signaux ( P_A, P_B ) de contrôle différents suivant l'état de la bobine du relais.
EP07846672.9A 2007-11-15 2007-11-15 Dispositif de commutation et procédé de contrôle d'un relais électromagnétique Active EP2208215B1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2007/009999 WO2009062536A1 (fr) 2007-11-15 2007-11-15 Dispositif de commutation et procédé de contrôle d'un relais électromagnétique

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WO2012084002A1 (fr) 2010-12-20 2012-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit de commande pour un relais électromagnétique
EP2845211B1 (fr) 2012-06-20 2016-04-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de surveillance d'un relais électromagnétique
DE102013110993A1 (de) 2013-10-02 2015-04-02 Knorr-Bremse Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen zumindest eines elektronischen Schaltkontakts für ein Fahrzeug
JP5660236B1 (ja) * 2014-02-27 2015-01-28 オムロン株式会社 電磁継電器の異常検出方法、電磁継電器の異常検出回路、及び、異常検出システム
CN104022763A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-03 北京国网富达科技发展有限责任公司 一种便携式升降设备
JP2016011201A (ja) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-21 東芝エレベータ株式会社 乗客コンベア
CN104483883B (zh) * 2014-12-25 2017-04-05 南京因泰莱电器股份有限公司 一种继电器控制单元
DE102019209811A1 (de) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltelement, Schaltvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Schaltvorrichtung
CN113053696A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-06-29 施耐德电气工业公司 用于接触器的控制电路及其控制方法
JP7283415B2 (ja) * 2020-02-19 2023-05-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電源回路の制御装置
CN113285424A (zh) * 2021-05-27 2021-08-20 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 供电电路、供电电路的控制方法、烹饪设备和存储介质

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DE4409287C1 (de) * 1994-03-18 1995-10-19 Square D Deutschland Schaltung zur fehlersicheren Relaisansteuerung für elektronische Schaltungen
DE19632347A1 (de) * 1996-08-10 1998-02-12 Kaco Elektrotechnik Gmbh Schalter, insbesondere Relais
US5748427A (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-05-05 Physio-Control Corporation Method and system for detecting relay failure
JP3244064B2 (ja) * 1998-10-13 2002-01-07 日本電気株式会社 リレー故障検出装置
DE19944461C1 (de) * 1999-09-16 2001-01-11 Siemens Ag Überwachungsverfahren für ein elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät und hiermit korrespondierendes elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät

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WO2009062536A1 (fr) 2009-05-22
CN101889323B (zh) 2013-06-19
CN101889323A (zh) 2010-11-17

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