EP2461342B1 - Module de commutation protégé contre les erreurs - Google Patents

Module de commutation protégé contre les erreurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2461342B1
EP2461342B1 EP20100193833 EP10193833A EP2461342B1 EP 2461342 B1 EP2461342 B1 EP 2461342B1 EP 20100193833 EP20100193833 EP 20100193833 EP 10193833 A EP10193833 A EP 10193833A EP 2461342 B1 EP2461342 B1 EP 2461342B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
fail
safe
designed
contact
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EP20100193833
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2461342A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Fichtlscherer
Philipp Löhdefink
Mario Maier
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP20100193833 priority Critical patent/EP2461342B1/fr
Priority to US13/312,011 priority patent/US20120139362A1/en
Priority to CN201110401635.9A priority patent/CN102545150B/zh
Publication of EP2461342A1 publication Critical patent/EP2461342A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2461342B1 publication Critical patent/EP2461342B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H2047/025—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay with taking into account of the thermal influences, e.g. change in resistivity of the coil or being adapted to high temperatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fail-safe switching module having a first switching means and a second switching means, wherein the switching means are configured to switch a load by means of a Zuschaltstoffs.
  • Such fail-safe switching modules are used for example in process automation for switching motors or higher-level contactors.
  • a switching module according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from Manual "SIMATIC, Distributed I / O F-Technology, ET 200S Distributed I / O System” Edition 08/2008 , Order number A5E00103684-07, known. In the manual, the well-known Switching module in chapter 7.8, pages 187-197 described.
  • the known switching module In the course of increasing miniaturization, the known switching module is to be downsized in terms of its size and its form factor, installation width. Therefore, a now known housing must be significantly reduced in the known switching module of its dimensions. The reduction of the housing dimensions but means an increasing heat development within the switching module due to the switching means.
  • the object is achieved in that a first temperature sensor on the first switching means and a second temperature sensor is arranged on the second switching means, in which the first switching means is arranged in series with a first cut-off means and a second cut-off means and the second switching means is connected in series with a third cut-off means and a fourth cut-off means, wherein the first cut-off means and the third cut-off means are adapted to react to the first temperature sensor and second shut-off means and the fourth shut-off means are configured to respond to the second temperature sensor to make a turn-off switching means at an excess temperature of the first switching means or the second switching means.
  • an error case of impermissible heating is taken into account. If one of the switching means has too high a power loss, this is detected by one of the temperature sensors, the shutdown means are arranged in a pull-in circuit of the corresponding switching means and can interrupt this pull-in circuit at an overtemperature. This is a safety shutdown is given.
  • the switching module it is advantageously provided with means for reducing the power loss of the switching means, which are designed to generate a holding current for the switching means after reaching a closed position of the Zuschaltsch to keep the closed position with a reduced power.
  • means for reducing the power loss of the switching means which are designed to generate a holding current for the switching means after reaching a closed position of the Zuschaltsch to keep the closed position with a reduced power.
  • relays are used as switching means, they have a very high power loss due to a permanent control.
  • a holding power is smaller than the starting power for a relay.
  • the reducing means ensures that the relay is, for example, only clocked, for example, with a pulse-width modulation.
  • the means for reducing the power loss as a first reducing means, which in a series circuit with the first switching means is arranged, and configured as a second reducing means, which is arranged in a series circuit with the second switching means. Since the reducing means are arranged in the circuit of the switching means or of the relay, similar to the disconnecting means, the reducing means can be operated such that for a holding current no longer such a high current flows through the switching means, as is necessary for a response or attraction of the switching means Relay is necessary.
  • Such a power reduction is achieved in particular by a PWM.
  • a relay such a relay (monostable relay) can be operated in the so-called lowering mode.
  • These monostable electromechanical relays have the largest energy requirement at the moment of switch-on, for example when an armature has the farthest distance (air gap) to a coil core. Once the armature has been tightened, the air gap has been overcome and a so-called holding voltage is only about 30 to 50% of an excitation voltage of the relay after activation.
  • a combination of the reducing means and the shutdown means within the switching module has proved to be particularly advantageous because the switching means can be operated by the reducing means with a reduced power, a housing size can be significantly reduced, which leads to a compact design, whereby air cooling of the Components, in particular the switching means, is no longer necessary.
  • the reducing agents work properly. This means a case in which the switching means or the relays in continuous operation do not work with the reduced power but with the full power loss must be avoided, otherwise the assembly comes in an over-temperature range and the switching means could not work properly.
  • the combination of temperature monitoring and reduction The power loss increases the fault tolerance of such a fail-safe switching module again by another.
  • connection means are preferably designed as switching contacts of the switching means, so that a further heat source can arise, which should be avoided.
  • a switching means such as a relay closes a switching contact
  • an arc can occur at the switching contact.
  • an arc can occur.
  • a welding of the contact means that the contact is permanently closed.
  • fail-safe modules such as a relay module for switching loads, it must be absolutely avoided that a switching contact can not turn off or open.
  • two switch contacts of two relays are connected in series in fail-safe relay modules, so that in the case of welding a switch contact the load can still be switched off by the switch contact of the respective other relay or a short circuit can be interrupted.
  • a fuse is prescribed to protect the contacts in a load circuit.
  • Melting may be avoided in the fail-safe switching module when the first switching means is arranged in series with a first release means between the drive lines, the first release means being configured to delay the driving of the first switching means.
  • the first switching means is for example a relay.
  • an additional release means is arranged in a circuit for driving the relay, which can interrupt a current flow through the relay and thus can cause a switch-on delay.
  • the additional release agent may, for example, be configured as an additional mechanical contact, as a power semiconductor, as a transistor, etc.
  • the delay of the activation of the first switching means has the consequence that the first switching means responds later than the second switching means, but so that the first switching contact is closed later than the second switching contact.
  • the first switching means is referred to in this context as a load relay.
  • the second switching contact of the second switching means which corresponds to a second relay, is also referred to as a load-free relay. The second switching contact of the load-free relay is thus spared.
  • the first release means is connected to a first delay circuit.
  • the Delay circuit can be influenced by the duration of the time delay.
  • the second switching means is arranged in a series circuit with a second release means between the drive lines, wherein the second release means is configured to extend the driving of the second switching means. Since, as already mentioned, an arc occurs both during a switch-on and during a switch-off and thus damage the contacts, such as a relay, a second release means and an extension of a driving time of the second switching means is realized. Using the example of a relay for the second switching means can thus be maintained for a certain time by the second release means a holding current for the relay, which has the consequence that the corresponding second switching contact opens later. Since the first switching contact has already opened before the opening of the second switching contact and has referred to the arc, the second switching contact is spared even during an opening process.
  • the second release means is also connected to a further delay circuit.
  • an energy store in particular a buffer capacitor, is arranged between the drive lines in order to extend the activation of the second switching means.
  • the first switching means has a third switching contact and the second switching means has a fourth switching contact, wherein the first and the second switching contact are designed as a closer and the third and the fourth switching contact as an opener.
  • the switch contacts which are designed as opener, a monitoring circuit can be formed , whereby a fault of the affected relay can be detected.
  • the third switching contact and the fourth switching contact is arranged in a series circuit to a readback input of an evaluation, wherein the read-back input is designed as an inverting input. Since the said third and fourth switching contacts are designed as openers, and switch at a switching operation simultaneously with the first and second switching contact, a defect, such as a relay can be detected if the opener remains permanently open and not back to its closed position. Then, via the inverting input at the readback input, a on signal would be permanently present, which can be evaluated in connection with the instantaneous activation situation and from this a possible error situation can be determined.
  • the switching module has a backplane bus, which is designed for the modular construction of a plurality of electronic modules lined up decentralized automation system.
  • a modularly constructed automation system can be used, for example, for fail-safe automation systems (F systems) in systems with increased safety requirements.
  • the F-systems are used to control processes with a safe state that can be reached immediately by switching off.
  • the fail-safe modules used differ essentially from the standard modules in that they have an internal two-channel design.
  • a switching voltage is applied for switching the load to the first drive line and the second drive line, that closing the load circuit prepared by the second switching contact is closed by driving the second switching means with the switching voltage and after completion of a closing operation of the second switching contact, the first release means is operated such that it is likewise driven with the switching voltage and then the first switching contact closes.
  • the method is also supplemented with a switch-off process, wherein the switching voltage is disconnected from the drive lines to switch off the load, the opening of the load circuit is achieved by operating the first release means such that it separates the first switching means from the drive line and upon completion of an opening operation of the first switching contact, the second release means is operated to maintain a current flow through the second switching means due to the energy storage.
  • the method is supplemented in that simultaneously with the closing of the first switching contact, a third switching contact is opened and simultaneously with the closing of the second switching contact, a fourth switching contact is opened, wherein by means of the series connection of the third and fourth switching contact, a readback signal is generated for a read-back input.
  • the method can be used with advantage when switching and turning off the load circuit, which has the load, a voltage source and a fuse, so that instead of a fuse a circuit breaker is used.
  • the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
  • the figure shows a basic circuit of a fail-safe switching module.
  • a fail-safe switching module 1 for switching a load 50 is shown.
  • a first switching contact 11 and a second switching contact 21 are arranged in a series connection between a first connecting terminal 2 and a second connecting terminal 3.
  • the switching means 10,20 can be made to switch.
  • the first switching contact 11 belongs to the first switching means 10, which is indicated by a dashed line of action.
  • the second switching contact 21 belongs to the second switching means 20, which is also indicated by a dashed line of action.
  • the switching means 10,20 are arranged between the first control line 4 and the second control line 5.
  • the switching module 1 In order to enable the switching module 1 to be incorporated in such a compact manner in a housing that air cooling of the components used, in particular of the switching means 10, 20, is no longer necessary, the switching module 1 is designed as follows.
  • a first temperature sensor 31 is disposed on the first switching means 10 and a second temperature sensor 32 is disposed on the second switching means 20, wherein the first switching means 10 in a series circuit with a first cut-off means 41 and a second cut-off means 42 and the second switching means 20 is arranged in a series circuit with a third cut-off means 43 and a fourth cut-off means 44.
  • the first shut-off means 41 and the third shut-off means 43 are designed such that they can react on the first temperature sensor 31 and thus cause a shutdown.
  • each of the two pull-in circuits for the first switching means 10 or for the second switching means 20 a respective shut-off means is arranged, which responds to an excess temperature of only one switching means. This means that when the first switching means 10 shows an excess temperature, the second switching means 20 is turned off.
  • the first switching means 10 can also be switched off when the second switching means 20 shows an excess temperature. So there is a crossover shutdown, so to speak.
  • a first temperature evaluation circuit 30a is arranged between the first temperature sensor 31 and the first deactivation means 41.
  • the temperature sensor 31 configured as, for example, a PTC resistor, then communicates its temperature change to the temperature evaluation circuit 30a, which can react thereto and transmit a switch-off signal to the first switch-off means 41.
  • a first reducing means 61 is arranged in series with the first shut-off means 41 and the second shut-off means 42. Furthermore, in a series circuit to the third shut-off means and the fourth shut-off means, a second reducing means 62 is arranged.
  • the reducing means 61, 62 are each driven via an OR operation with a drive signal 61a or 62a and a PWM signal 61b or 62b.
  • a first drive signal 61a is applied to the first reducing means 61 via the OR link. If now the first switching means 10 has been tightened securely, the first drive signal 61a can be removed and the first switching means 10 can be held in a setback mode or hold mode via the first PWM signal 61b.
  • the second switching means 20 Again, for the first time tightening of the second switching means 20 to the OR operation, a second drive signal 62a is applied, which acts on the second reducing agent. If the second switching means 20 has now fully attracted, the second switching means 20 can be held in a holding mode via the second PWM signal 62b. By operating the first switching means 10 and the second switching means 20 in a holding operation, the power loss can be reduced by about 50% compared to a permanent control of the switching means 10,20. This reduction has the consequence that in the switching module 1 no excessive power loss is converted into heat and thus an over-temperature could occur.
  • a first release means is arranged between the control lines 4, 5 in a series connection to the first switching means 10.
  • the first release means is designed to delay the activation of the first switching means 10.
  • the first release means is connected to a first delay circuit.
  • a second release means between the control lines 4,5 is arranged.
  • the second release means is configured to extend the driving of the second switching means 20.
  • the second enabling means is connected to a second delay circuit.
  • To switch on the load 50 the switching voltage U is applied to the first drive line 4 and to the second drive line 5.
  • the closing of the load circuit 51 is prepared by the second switching contact 21 is closed by driving the second switching means 20 with the switching voltage U and after completion of a closing operation of the second switching contact 21, the first release means is operated such that the first switching means 10 also with the Switching voltage U is driven and then the first switching contact 11 closes. Since now only the load circuit 51 is fully closed, the first switching contact 11 draws an arc, which arises for example by switching of inductive or capacitive loads on it.
  • the switching voltage U is disconnected from the drive lines 4, 5, that opening of the load circuit 51 is achieved by operating the first release means such that it separates the first switching means 10 from the drive line 5 and after termination an opening operation of the first switching contact 11, the second release means is operated such that it maintains a current flow through the second switching means 20 due to an energy storage.
  • the opening of the second switching contact 21 is delayed, wherein in the opening operation of the second switching contact 21 in the load circuit 51, no current flows and thus no arc can occur at the second switching contact 21.
  • the fail-safe switching module 1 has a third switching contact 13 and a fourth switching contact 24, which are arranged in a series connection to a read-back input 6 of an evaluation means 7.
  • the evaluation means 7 is provided with a read-back function, which makes it possible to detect whether the first switching contact 11 or the second switching contact 21 is welded. For if a welding of the switching contacts have taken place, the corresponding opening contact can no longer open, since the example of the first switching means 10, the first switching contact 11 with the third switching contact 13 is in a mechanical operative connection. The same applies to the second switching means 20 and its switching contacts.
  • switching on of the switching means 10, 20 can be prevented either by a higher-order control system (F-CPU) or by a corresponding monitoring system in the switching module 1.
  • the higher-level control system would in this case be connected to a backplane bus 8, while the backplane bus 8 is connected to the evaluation means 7 and can forward the error signal to the higher-level automation system.
  • a LED LED is connected via an inversion circuit to the series circuit of the third switching contact and the fourth switching contact.
  • the load 50 When switching the load circuit 51, wherein the load circuit 51, the load 50 has a voltage source 52 and a fuse 53, can be dispensed with the help of the switching module 1 to a fuse as a fuse 53 and instead of the fuse a circuit breaker can be used.
  • the switching module has a redundant output and is in the camp a second load circuit 51 ', with a second load 50', a second voltage source 52 'and a second fuse 53' to switch.

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  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur et comprenant un premier moyen ( 10 ) de commutation et un deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de commutation, les moyens ( 10, 20 ) de commutation étant conformés pour connecter une charge ( 50 ) à l'aide d'un moyen de connexion,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - un premier capteur ( 31 ) de température est monté sur le premier moyen ( 10 ) de connexion et
    - un deuxième capteur ( 32 ) de température est monté sur le deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de connexion, dans lequel
    le premier moyen ( 10 ) de connexion est monté en un montage série avec
    - un premier moyen ( 41 ) de déconnexion et
    - un deuxième moyen ( 42 ) de déconnexion
    et le deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de connexion est monté en un montage série avec
    - un troisième moyen ( 43 ) de déconnexion et
    - un quatrième moyen ( 44 ) de déconnexion,
    dans lequel le premier moyen ( 41 ) de déconnexion et le troisième moyen ( 43 ) de déconnexion sont conformés pour réagir au premier capteur ( 31 ) de température et
    le deuxième moyen ( 42 ) de déconnexion et le quatrième moyen ( 44 ) de déconnexion sont conformés pour réagir au deuxième capteur ( 32 ) de température, afin d'effectuer une déconnexion des moyens ( 10, 20 ) de déconnexion, s'il se produit une élévation de température du premier moyen ( 10 ) de connexion ou du deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de connexion.
  2. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant la revendication 1, ayant des moyens de réduction de la puissance perdue des moyens ( 10, 20 ) de commutation, qui sont conformés pour, après qu'une position de fermeture des moyens de connexion a été atteinte, produire un courant de maintien des moyens ( 10, 20 ) de commutation afin de maintenir la position de fermeture avec une puissance diminuée.
  3. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant la revendication 2, dans lequel les moyens de réduction de puissance perdue sont sous la forme
    - d'un premier moyen ( 61 ) de réduction, qui est monté en un montage série avec le premier moyen ( 10 ) de commutation, et
    - d'un deuxième moyen ( 62 ) de réduction, qui est monté en un montage série avec le deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de commutation.
  4. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel les moyens de connexion sont sous la forme d'un premier contact ( 11 ) de commutation qui appartient au premier moyen ( 10 ) de commutation et sous la forme d'un deuxième contact ( 21 ) de commutation qui appartient au deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de commutation, dans lequel le premier contact ( 11 ) de commutation et le deuxième contact ( 21 ) de commutation sont montés en un montage série entre une première borne ( 2 ) et une deuxième borne ( 3 ) pour, en commandant les moyens ( 10, 20 ) de commutation, fermer un circuit ( 51 ) de charge, les moyens ( 10, 20 ) de commutation étant montés entre une première ligne ( 4 ) de commande et une deuxième ligne ( 5 ) de commande.
  5. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel, en plus du montage en série des moyens ( 31, 32 ) de déconnexion du premier moyen ( 10 ) de commutation, un premier moyen de libération est monté entre les lignes ( 4, 5 ) de commande, le premier moyen de libération étant conformé pour retarder la commande du premier moyen ( 10 ) de commutation.
  6. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant la revendication 5, dans lequel le premier moyen de libération est relié à un premier circuit de retard.
  7. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel le deuxième moyen ( 10 ) de commutation est monté entre les lignes ( 4, 5 ) de commande en un montage série avec un deuxième moyen de libération, le deuxième moyen de libération étant conformé pour prolonger la commande du deuxième moyen ( 10 ) de commutation.
  8. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel le deuxième moyen de libération est relié à un deuxième circuit de retard.
  9. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel un accumulateur d'énergie, notamment un condensateur tampon, est monté entre les lignes ( 4, 5 ) de commande pour prolonger la commande du deuxième moyen ( 10 ) de commutation.
  10. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 9, dans lequel le premier moyen ( 10 ) de commutation a un troisième contact ( 13 ) de commutation et le deuxième moyen ( 20 ) de commutation a un quatrième contact ( 24 ) de commutation, le premier et le deuxième contacts ( 11, 21 ) de commutation étant conformés en appareils de fermeture et le troisième et le quatrième contacts ( 13, 24 ) de commutation en appareils d'ouverture.
  11. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant la revendication 10, dans lequel le troisième contact ( 13 ) de commutation et le quatrième contact ( 24 ) de commutation sont montés en un montage série avec une entrée ( 6 ) de retour d'un moyen ( 7 ) d'exploitation, l'entrée ( 6 ) de retour étant sous la forme d'une entrée inverseuse.
  12. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant l'une des revendications 4 à 11, ayant un bus ( 8 ) de paroi arrière conformé pour la constitution modulaire d'un système d'automatisation décentralisé, composé de plusieurs modules électroniques rangés les uns à côté des autres.
  13. Module ( 1 ) de commutation sécurisé vis-à-vis d'une erreur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant un boîtier, dans lequel les composants mentionnés ci-dessus sont mis de manière compacte, de sorte qu'un refroidissement par de l'air des composants, notamment des moyens ( 10, 20 ) de commutation, n'est plus possible suffisamment.
EP20100193833 2010-12-06 2010-12-06 Module de commutation protégé contre les erreurs Active EP2461342B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100193833 EP2461342B1 (fr) 2010-12-06 2010-12-06 Module de commutation protégé contre les erreurs
US13/312,011 US20120139362A1 (en) 2010-12-06 2011-12-06 Fail-Safe Switching Module
CN201110401635.9A CN102545150B (zh) 2010-12-06 2011-12-06 故障自动保护的开关模块

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100193833 EP2461342B1 (fr) 2010-12-06 2010-12-06 Module de commutation protégé contre les erreurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2461342A1 EP2461342A1 (fr) 2012-06-06
EP2461342B1 true EP2461342B1 (fr) 2015-01-28

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US11587750B2 (en) * 2019-04-30 2023-02-21 Te Connectivity Solutions Gmbh Electromechanical relay constructions

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EP2461342A1 (fr) 2012-06-06
US20120139362A1 (en) 2012-06-07
CN102545150A (zh) 2012-07-04

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