EP1225235B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kalt gewalzten Bandes oder Bleches aus Stahl und nach dem Verfahren herstellbares Band oder Blech - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kalt gewalzten Bandes oder Bleches aus Stahl und nach dem Verfahren herstellbares Band oder Blech Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1225235B1 EP1225235B1 EP02000584A EP02000584A EP1225235B1 EP 1225235 B1 EP1225235 B1 EP 1225235B1 EP 02000584 A EP02000584 A EP 02000584A EP 02000584 A EP02000584 A EP 02000584A EP 1225235 B1 EP1225235 B1 EP 1225235B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- annealing
- strip
- steel
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a cold-rolled, readily deformable Steel strip or sheet after hot rolling, coiling and cold rolling a recrystallizing anneal in a hood furnace in the Fixed bundle with subsequent cooling to ⁇ 150 ° C and possibly a skin pass is subjected to and after deformation a bake-hardening potential for having a subsequent temperature treatment.
- the invention furthermore relates to a readily deformable, special cold-rolled sheet which can be produced by the process and has a bake-hardening potential after subsequent deformation and for a subsequent temperature treatment (BH 2 potential).
- BH 2 potential bake-hardening potential after subsequent deformation and for a subsequent temperature treatment
- Such steel sheets are generally in the form of a Bandes produced by casting a steel slab, hot rolled and at a certain intermediate temperature is reeled. After cooling the coiled Bandes at substantially ambient temperature, the sheet is on the Final thickness cold rolled. To eliminate the resulting tensions within The material is subjected to recrystallizing annealing. Subsequently In general, the band becomes weak again with a degree of deformation between rolled about 0.5 and 2% (temper rolling).
- the slight deformability of the steels is an increase in the strength values of Steel grade basically contrary, because the increased strength in principle with an impairment the easy deformability goes hand in hand.
- They are higher-strength steel grades have been developed (eg ZStE and ZStEi), despite higher strength values are relatively well deformable.
- Such steel grades are for example as ZStE steel iron material sheet SEW093 and 094 and known as isotropic steel ZStEi while the conventional "soft" steel grades as St12 to St15 (corresponding to DC01, DC03, DC04, DC05 according to DIN EN 10130) are known.
- the steel types differ with regard to the addition of micro-alloying elements and in terms of process management.
- a special steel of this kind is, for example the isotropic steel ZstEi, as described in DE 38 03 064 C2, EP 0 400 031 B1 or DD 285 298 B5 is described.
- bake hardening potential For many steel grades, one way to combine good ductility with increased yield strength after completion is to produce the steel with a so-called bake hardening potential.
- the effect of the bake hardening effect is that a hardening, ie an increase in the yield strength, is brought about in the case of a temperature treatment of the steel, as is the case, for example, in the case of body paneling. This is an artificial aging of the steel, which causes the additional increase in strength.
- the increase in strength is thus achieved after the deformation of the sheet to produce the desired component, so that the increase in strength does not interfere with the deformation of the sheet. It has been found that the previous deformation of the sheet affects the bake hardening effect.
- the bake-hardening effect caused only by the heat treatment without deformation is given as a BH 0 value, while a measure of the bake-hardening effect after deformation is the BH 2 value after deformation of the sheet 2% indicates the increase in strength due to a subsequent temperature treatment - standardized at 170 ° C for 20 min. - Indicates.
- the bake-hardening effect is based on a content of dissolved carbon in the Steel that is above the state of equilibrium.
- the recrystallization annealing is followed performed on the cold rolling with a continuous annealing.
- carbon goes into solution.
- the sheet is only heated for a short time, is a recrystallization for a well above A, lying temperature used.
- the fast Cooling of the steel strip produces the proportion of dissolved C atoms, some of them Orders of magnitude above the equilibrium state.
- the steel strip remains in equilibrium, so that no aging potential (bake hardening potential) is formed when the content of carbon ⁇ 0.02%.
- an aging potential can be produced because the C atoms in solution due to their low density and the associated longer diffusion paths only difficult to get an Eisenkarbidausscheidung (cementite) and therefore a Part remains supersaturated in solution.
- the slow cooling causes the carbon to precipitate, so that no dissolved carbon is available for the aging potential.
- the temperature treatment causes the carbon atoms in the solution to diffuse into dislocation regions of the matrix.
- the dislocations are thereby blocked, so that an increased amount of stress is required to re-create a plastic flow in the material.
- This effect is greatly increased by a prior deformation of the dissolved C-supersaturated steel strip.
- the deformation process for example by deep drawing, leads to a significant increase in the dislocation density.
- temperature treatment as is the case, for example, in stove-enamelling, the carbon atoms diffuse into the dilated regions of the dislocations.
- the bake-hardening effect after a previous deformation characterized by BH 2
- the deformation of the sheets leads to a degree of deformation Work hardening.
- bake hardening steels For the application of bake hardening steels is the total strength resulting from cold working through forming and Bake hardening results from the temperature treatment, relevant.
- the well-known bake hardening steels which are produced with a continuous annealing, over the degree of pre-strain as a variable an approximately constant yield strength curve for the sum of work hardening and bake hardening on.
- the bake hardening effect is therefore at larger strains due to the vast majority Proportion of work hardening hardly relevant. It is therefore known that the application of bake-hardening steels mainly for large-area components interesting which are only weakly shaped, such as fenders, hoods, Car doors and roofs.
- This cooling rate is about four times as high as the annealing rate of the annealed one Festbundes, from which the initially mentioned procedure emanates.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, the production of tapes or Sheet steel of the type mentioned above with a bake hardening potential to allow a simple temperature control to ensure the Bake-hardening effect is possible.
- a method of the invention mentioned above is according to the invention Art characterized in that for adjusting the bake hardening potential the band cooled down in the bundle and unwound to a temperature T with 200 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ A, reheated, at the temperature T for an annealing time ⁇ 20 minute annealed and from the temperature T at a cooling rate ⁇ 1 ° C / s is cooled.
- This inventive method thus allows the production of a bake hardening steel strip or sheet recrystallizing in a hood furnace in a tight coil has been annealed, even if the C content in the Steel is ⁇ 0.02%.
- the short-term annealing according to the invention after cooling of the recrystallizing annealed strip or sheet to ⁇ 150 ° C, preferably to about room temperature, possible to bring C precipitated as carbides back into solution.
- this annealing does not substantially change the technological properties of the steel, particularly its texture. Due to the short-term annealing and the subsequent cooling, which can be carried out in a conventional manner with air, but also with water, a part of the dissolved C remains in solution and leads to the aging potential for the subsequent temperature treatment, for example during a stoving.
- the short-term annealing is preferably effected in a continuous annealing furnace.
- a sufficient bake-hardening effect must be at a low level Annealing temperature T a relatively long annealing time are met while higher annealing temperatures significantly reduce the required annealing time. It is therefore, it is preferable to use a temperature T of short-time annealing of ⁇ 450 ° C. Furthermore, it is preferred that the annealing time of the short-term annealing between 2 Min. And 5 min.
- the strip or sheet produced by the process according to the invention differs from conventional tapes or sheets with a bake hardening potential in that the total hardening of the steel (work-hardening + bake-hardening) increases with greater previous deformation of the sheet.
- the steel according to the invention contains cementite precipitates in the matrix and at the grain boundaries. Conventional, continuously annealed bake hardening steels are virtually free of cementites. If these steels are subjected to an overaging treatment, Although cementite forms, but with the loss of the bake-hardening effect. In contrast, the steel according to the invention has cementite precipitates and a bake-hardening effect. This is true even if the steel has a C content ⁇ 0.02%. After baking, the sheet has a through the bake-hardening effect clearly, i. around at least 30 MPa, increased yield strength.
- the steel according to the invention may have a hot-dip galvanized surface and have been trained after hot dip galvanizing.
- the "soft" grades St15 and St14 have no relevant amounts of micro-alloying elements (Ti, V, Nb, Mo).
- the isotropic steel grade ZSt220 characterized by a titanium content of between 0.01 and 0.04% can be and is set to about 0.02% in the experimental examples.
- the higher strength Goodness ZSt340 has a similar titanium content and beyond a significant niobium content.
- All steel grades used are in the usual way at the required temperatures poured into the slab and then hot rolled. After one Coiling at a suitable intermediate temperature is carried out a cooling in air Service. Subsequently, the cold rolling steps have been carried out. Thereafter, the steel strip has been annealed recrystallizing in the hood furnace, wherein the usual annealing time is between 20 and 70 hours.
- the steel strip cooled to about room temperature has been partially dressed and partially undressed for the tests carried out here before the short-term annealing according to the invention is carried out, preferably in a continuous furnace.
- the material has been pre-stretched.
- the cooled material is dressed Service.
- FIG. 1 shows the measurement results for the BH 2 effect for the steel St15 as a function of the annealing temperature and the annealing time, each of which has been set at 0.5 min, 2 min and 5 min.
- the non-annealed samples were said to be " 1 x " due to the post-anneal annealing, the pre-stressed samples were termed " 2 x dressed ".
- Figure 2 shows the results for the same tests on steel ZStE220i.
- a very large BH 2 effect is achieved at an annealing temperature of 700 ° C and an annealing time of 2 min.
- An extension of the annealing time at this temperature leads to a reduction of the BH 2 effect.
- the tempering before the premature annealing for the size of the BH 2 effect is rather harmful.
- Figures 4 to 6 illustrate the dependence of the BH value on the degree of prior stretching of the material. In all cases, a more or less pronounced maximum sets in at about 2% degree of stretching, whereas conventional bake-hardening steels have a decreasing BH value with increasing degree of stretching.
- Figure 4 shows the results for undisturbed ZSt220i, St14 and ZSt340 grades, annealed at 500 ° C for 5 min and deformed between 0.5 and 1% depending on the steel grade of the skin pass.
- the bake hardening annealing has taken place according to the test specifications at 170 ° for 20 min.
- results shown in FIG. 5 relate to the same steels with the same degree of temper rolling, but the short-term annealing has been carried out at 500 ° C. for an annealing time of 15 minutes.
- the sum of deformation hardening (work hardening WH) and bake hardening strengthening (BH) as a function of the degree of stretching is indicated for the three steel grades. While conventional bake hardening grades show a substantially constant sum of yield strength increase across the different degrees of stretch, the grades of the invention exhibit a yield strength increase that increases with the degree of stretch.
- the steels treated according to the invention therefore differ in their mechanical properties from the conventionally produced bake hardening steels.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 illustrate the course of the work hardening curve and the bake hardening curve as a function of the degree of pre-strain for the steel grades St 15 (FIG. 8), ZStE 220i (FIG. 9) and ZStE 340 (FIG. 10). While the pure bake-hardening effect tends to decrease with increasing pre-strain, the work-hardening effect increases disproportionately, resulting in the increasing cumulative curve for the steel according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the dependence of the sum of the yield strength increase on the annealing temperatures and the annealing times.
- the highest yield strength increase is achieved at the highest (permissible) annealing temperature of approx. 700 ° C with long annealing time (5 min.).
- a further increase in the annealing temperature is not possible because the A 1 value (about 720 ° C) must not be exceeded during the annealing process. Exceeding the A 1 temperature would cause transformations that would adversely affect the properties of the steel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kaltgewalzten, gut verformbaren Bandes oder Bleches aus Stahl, das nach einem Warmwalzen, Aufhaspeln und Kaltwalzen einem rekristallisierenden Glühen in einem Haubenofen im Festbund mit anschließender Abkühlung auf ≤ 150 °C und ggf. einem Dressiervorgang unterzogen wird und nach einer Verformung ein Bake-Hardening-Potential für eine anschließende Temperaturbehandlung aufweist, wobei zur Einstellung des Bake-Hardening-Potentials das im Bund abgekühlte Band abgehaspelt und auf eine Temperatur T mit 200 °C ≤ T ≤ A1 wieder erwärmt, bei der Temperatur T für eine Glühdauer ≤ 20 min. geglüht und von der Temperatur T mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit ≥ 1 °C/s abgekühlt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur T ≥ 450 °C ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glühdauer des kurzzeitigen Glühens zwischen 2 min. und 5 min. gewählt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlung von der Temperatur T mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit ≥ 2 °C/s vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Band oder Blech vor dem kurzzeitigen Glühen dressiert wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Band oder Blech nach dem kurzzeitigen Glühen dressiert wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Feuerverzinkung des Bleches oder Bandes als Teil des kurzzeitigen Glühens benutzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahl mit einem C-Gehalt ≥ 0,02 % verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer Stahlsorte, die aus den Stahlsorten St12 bis St15, ZStE und ZStEi ausgewählt worden ist.
- Gut verformbares, kaltgewalztes Band oder Blech mit der Zusammensetzung0,02 bis 0,12 % Cmax. 0,50 % Si0,1 bis 1,2 % Mnmax. 0,1 % Pmax. 0,025 % Smax. 0,009 % N0,01 bis 0,08 % Al0,01 bis 0,04 % TiRest Eisen und nicht vermeidbare Verunreinigungen;
- Band oder Blech nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine feuerverzinkte Oberfläche aufweist.
- Band oder Blech nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es nach der Feuerverzinkung der Oberfläche dressiert ist.
- Einbrennlackiertes Blech, hergestellt aus einem Band oder Blech nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, mit einer durch das Einbrennlackieren deutlich erhöhten Streckgrenze.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10102932A DE10102932C1 (de) | 2001-01-23 | 2001-01-23 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kalt gewalzten Bandes oder Bleches aus Stahl und nach dem Verfahren herstellbares Band oder Blech |
DE10102932 | 2001-01-23 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1225235A2 EP1225235A2 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
EP1225235A3 EP1225235A3 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
EP1225235B1 true EP1225235B1 (de) | 2005-08-31 |
Family
ID=7671474
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02000584A Expired - Lifetime EP1225235B1 (de) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-01-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kalt gewalzten Bandes oder Bleches aus Stahl und nach dem Verfahren herstellbares Band oder Blech |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6749696B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1225235B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002302717A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE303453T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10102932C1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL351778A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2002102055A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150170505A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | At&T Mobility Ii Llc | Method, computer-readable storage device and apparatus for providing a collaborative standalone area monitor |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005058658A1 (de) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Kermi Gmbh | Verfahren zur Wanddickenreduzierung von Stahlheizkörpern |
EP1972699A1 (de) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-24 | ArcelorMittal France | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Substrats unter Vakuum |
US8876990B2 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2014-11-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Thermo-mechanical process to enhance the quality of grain boundary networks |
DE102009051673B3 (de) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-04-14 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Herstellung von Galvannealed-Blechen durch Wärmebehandlung elektrolytisch veredelter Bleche |
KR101330396B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-11-15 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시장치와 그의 콘트라스트 향상 방법 |
RU2479640C1 (ru) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-04-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат" | Способ производства низкоуглеродистой холоднокатаной тонколистовой стали |
CN102755992B (zh) * | 2012-07-30 | 2015-08-12 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 一种药芯焊丝用冷轧钢带生产方法 |
CN104313297A (zh) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-01-28 | 芜湖双源管业有限公司 | 一种冷轧钢带退火炉余热循环再利用方法 |
RU2623572C1 (ru) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-06-27 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" (ПАО "Северсталь") | Способ термической обработки холоднокатаного проката из низкоуглеродистой стали |
RU2755132C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-08 | 2021-09-13 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт черной металлургии им. И.П. Бардина" (ФГУП "ЦНИИчермет им. И.П. Бардина") | Способ производства холоднокатаного непрерывно отожженного листового проката из if-стали |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE285298C (de) | ||||
JPS5937333B2 (ja) * | 1980-10-02 | 1984-09-08 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 合金化処理溶融亜鉛メツキ鋼板の製造法 |
JPS59173240A (ja) * | 1983-03-22 | 1984-10-01 | Nippon Steel Corp | 開缶性の優れた高強度イ−ジ−オ−プン缶蓋用鋼板 |
DE3803064C2 (de) * | 1988-01-29 | 1995-04-20 | Preussag Stahl Ag | Kaltgewalztes Blech oder Band und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
JP3537477B2 (ja) * | 1994-01-31 | 2004-06-14 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 優れた伸びフランジ性と安定した塗装焼付け硬化性を有する連続焼鈍によって製造された冷延鋼板 |
DE19547181C1 (de) * | 1995-12-16 | 1996-10-10 | Krupp Ag Hoesch Krupp | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kaltgewalzten, höherfesten Bandstahles mit guter Umformbarkeit bei isotropen Eigenschaften |
DE19622164C1 (de) * | 1996-06-01 | 1997-05-07 | Thyssen Stahl Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines kaltgewalzten Stahlbleches oder -bandes mit guter Umformbarkeit |
US5795410A (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-08-18 | Usx Corporation | Control of surface carbides in steel strip |
US6143100A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-11-07 | National Steel Corporation | Bake-hardenable cold rolled steel sheet and method of producing same |
RU2165465C1 (ru) * | 1999-08-30 | 2001-04-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат" | Способ производства черной жести |
-
2001
- 2001-01-23 DE DE10102932A patent/DE10102932C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-10 DE DE50204048T patent/DE50204048D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-10 EP EP02000584A patent/EP1225235B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-10 AT AT02000584T patent/ATE303453T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-01-18 PL PL02351778A patent/PL351778A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-01-22 RU RU2002102055/02A patent/RU2002102055A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-23 US US10/052,487 patent/US6749696B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-23 JP JP2002014445A patent/JP2002302717A/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150170505A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | At&T Mobility Ii Llc | Method, computer-readable storage device and apparatus for providing a collaborative standalone area monitor |
US9870697B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2018-01-16 | At&T Mobility Ii Llc | Method, computer-readable storage device and apparatus for providing a collaborative standalone area monitor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE303453T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1225235A3 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
US20030145919A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
PL351778A1 (en) | 2002-07-29 |
JP2002302717A (ja) | 2002-10-18 |
DE10102932C1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
DE50204048D1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
RU2002102055A (ru) | 2003-08-10 |
EP1225235A2 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
US6749696B2 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
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