EP1224708A1 - Koppler für elektromagnetische wellen - Google Patents
Koppler für elektromagnetische wellenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1224708A1 EP1224708A1 EP00964275A EP00964275A EP1224708A1 EP 1224708 A1 EP1224708 A1 EP 1224708A1 EP 00964275 A EP00964275 A EP 00964275A EP 00964275 A EP00964275 A EP 00964275A EP 1224708 A1 EP1224708 A1 EP 1224708A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coupling
- branches
- path
- coupler
- longitudinal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/183—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers at least one of the guides being a coaxial line
Definitions
- Couplers for electromagnetic waves are Couplers for electromagnetic waves
- the present invention relates to a coupler for electromagnetic waves, which has a coupling-in path and three coupling-out paths which are connected to one another by coupling branches.
- a first decoupling path is through a first longitudinal branch with the
- a coupling-in path is connected and a second coupling-out path is connected by a second longitudinal branch to a third coupling-out path, the first longitudinal branch in turn being connected to the second longitudinal branch by transverse branches.
- the couplers can either have inner conductors, which form the longitudinal and transverse branches, and outer conductors surrounding the inner conductors. Such couplers will be referred to in the following simply as coaxial couplers. However, the couplers can also be designed as waveguide couplers which essentially have only outer conductors, but in particular no continuous inner conductor structures connected to one another.
- the wave resistance behaves correspondingly in the coaxial couplers described above.
- the wave resistance is therefore inversely proportional to the diameter of the inner conductor. With a constant diameter of the outer conductor, narrow inner conductors have a high-resistance and wide inner conductors have a low-resistance effect.
- the couplers described in the cited prior art are in particular designed such that three groups of transverse branches are arranged between two longitudinal branches, each group of transverse branches comprising one or more individual transverse branches.
- the group of shunt branches closest to the coupling path is designed as a high-resistance group, i.e. it comprises either a single, high-resistance cross branch or several, likewise high-resistance cross branches, which work together in such a way that the whole group again acts as a high-resistance coupling path between the longitudinal branches. For example, in W.
- Figure 3 shows a coaxial coupler with an inner conductor that has a narrow transverse branch with a high-impedance effect which is closest to the coupling path.
- Figure 7 shows a waveguide coupler, in which two narrow waveguide paths as cross branches form a high-resistance group and are closest to the coupling path.
- GB 2 218 853 describes a microwave coupler for strip lines in which, for example, five identical conductors are connected capacitively as strip lines acting as longitudinal branches, and corresponding capacitive cross branches are thus formed between the strip lines.
- DE 197 16 290 discloses a waveguide directional coupler in which a coupling space is provided between the coupling and decoupling paths, which has a stepped extension and in which coupling diaphragms are provided between the coupling space and the waveguides of the coupling and decoupling paths.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a compact coupler for electromagnetic waves which allows a higher directional coupling, in particular in the range between -1.5 dB and 0 dB.
- Claim 1 comprises a directional coupler for electromagnetic waves with outer conductors and inner conductors, as defined above as a coaxial coupler.
- the inner conductors form longitudinal branches and transverse branches within the outer conductors.
- the coupler has a coupling-in path and three coupling-out paths which are connected to one another by coupling branches.
- a first coupling-out path is connected to the coupling-in path by a first longitudinal branch
- a second coupling-out path is connected to a third coupling-out path by a second longitudinal branch.
- the first longitudinal branch is connected to the second longitudinal branch by transverse branches.
- the transverse branches are divided into at least five successive groups of transverse branches from at least one transverse branch, which alternate as first groups with a smaller width of the inner conductor and second groups with a greater width than the first groups of the inner conductor are trained.
- the group closest to the coupling path is designed as the first group with a smaller width of the inner conductor.
- Another object of the invention is a directional coupler for electromagnetic waves according to claim 2 with a coupling-in path and three coupling-out paths which are connected to one another by coupling branches, a first coupling-out path being connected to the coupling-in path by a first longitudinal branch and a second coupling-out path by a second longitudinal branch a third coupling-out path is connected, and the first longitudinal branch is connected to the second longitudinal branch is connected by transverse branches.
- the transverse branches, through which the longitudinal branches of the coupler are connected are divided into at least five successive groups of transverse branches, each consisting of at least one transverse branch, starting from the coupling path. These groups are alternately designed as high-resistance groups and low-resistance groups, the group closest to the coupling path being designed as a high-resistance group.
- a directional coupler according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 or 2 thus offers an improved, namely higher coupling effect which can be achieved by an advantageous improvement of directional coupler structures known from the prior art, a space-saving arrangement being made possible in addition to the improved effect.
- Such an arrangement according to the invention is used in particular when the second coupling-out path does not form the geometric extension of the coupling-in path and is not directly adjacent to the coupling-in path, but is arranged opposite one another.
- the first and third decoupling paths are arranged directly adjacent to the coupling path.
- the invention can thus be used in particular as an intersection of lines.
- the transverse branches have a different width from one another.
- the low-resistance cross branches have a larger width than the high-resistance ones.
- the strength of the coupling of the directional coupler can be influenced and optimized by a suitable choice and variation of the width of the transverse branches.
- the strength of the coupling can also be varied via the geometry of the longitudinal branches and the number, the distance and the geometry of the transverse branches. It can thus be designed such that, starting from the coupling-in path, coupling takes place predominantly in the direction of the second coupling-out path.
- the number of coupling branches can be increased in order to achieve a stronger coupling in the direction of the second coupling path (coupling gate). without at the same time unnecessarily worsening the input adaptation of the directional coupler.
- the third decoupling path acts as an isolation gate, ie practically no power should be decoupled there.
- the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal branches varies in the longitudinal direction.
- the longitudinal branches do not have a constant width, but the width changes in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal branches, e.g. in the form of steps.
- the length of the transverse branches is chosen to be the same, in particular, for all transverse branches.
- the distance between the individual transverse branches can also be varied, the distance between two of the branches also being able to approach zero, i.e. that these branches are brought together to form a single transverse branch in the borderline case.
- the cross-sectional area can also vary in the longitudinal direction of the transverse branch in the course of individual transverse branches.
- the cross branch can also change widths, e.g. in step form, which gives a further degree of freedom to vary and optimize the strength of the coupling and the quality of the adaptation or isolation.
- the individual coupling branches are preferably arranged in one plane and in this plane have in particular symmetry with respect to at least one axis.
- the coupler can be specially designed so that a coupling between the coupling-in path and the second coupling-out path (coupling gate) is achieved in the range between -3 dB and 0 dB, i.e. that, on the other hand, a coupling is achieved between the coupling-in path and the first coupling-out path, which coupling can be significantly smaller than -3 dB.
- a coupling in the direction of the second coupling-out path is thus achieved, which lies between 50% of the coupled-in power and an almost complete coupling of the coupled-in power.
- the coupler can be designed as a waveguide coupler, ie as a coupler which at least essentially has only outer conductors. Certain internal structures can be provided as in the prior art mentioned at the outset, but in such a way that waveguide structures are effectively created again. But it can also be designed as a coaxial coupler with inner conductors and outer conductors.
- the inner conductor and outer conductor of the directional coupler can in principle have any suitable shape. For example, it can be provided that the coupler is formed by rectangular outer conductors and rectangular inner conductors (bariine). On Cross-section through such a coupler is shown, for example, in W.
- the coupler can also have a different geometry, for example round inner conductors and / or outer conductors.
- the outer conductors and / or inner conductors have a constant height in the spatial direction that is perpendicular to the plane of the coupler or the coupling branches.
- Such a directional coupler is preferably used as a microwave coupler for microwave circuits. This can be used in antenna systems such as those in the
- Such a coupler can, for example, be part of a distribution network of transmitting and receiving antennas, as can occur in modern communication satellites or similar communications technology microwave circuits.
- Fig. 1 shows a special embodiment of a directional coupler according to the invention, which has an inner conductor 1 and an outer conductor 2, wherein a coaxial coupling path 3 (feed gate) and three coaxial coupling paths 4, 5, 1 1 are also provided.
- the coupler has a double symmetry with respect to a first central axis 9 and a second central axis 10.
- the first decoupling path 4 (through gate) represents the geometric extension of the coupling path 3 and is directly adjacent to it in terms of circuitry and is connected to the coupling path 3 by a first longitudinal branch 6.
- the second decoupling path 5 (Coupling gate) is arranged geometrically opposite the coupling-in path 3 and the special design of the directional coupler achieves strong coupling from the coupling-in path 3 in the direction of this second coupling-out path 5. The remaining power is directed through the first longitudinal branch 6 towards the first decoupling path 4.
- the present arrangements according to FIGS. 1 and 2 also have a third decoupling path 11 (isolation gate), which is technically and geometrically adjacent to the coupling path 3 and is connected to the second decoupling path 5 by a second longitudinal branch 16, which in the present example is parallel is arranged to the first longitudinal branch 6.
- the proportion of the power decoupled into the third decoupling path 11 is practically zero.
- a plurality of groups of transverse branches 7a to 7e are arranged between the first longitudinal branch 6 and the second longitudinal branch 16. These transverse branches 7a to 7e and the longitudinal branches 6 and 16 together form the inner conductor 1 of the coaxial coupler.
- five groups of transverse branches 7a to 7e are shown, which run parallel to the first central axis 9 of the directional coupler. It is provided: a first, high-resistance group 7a, a second, low-resistance group 7b, a third, high-resistance group 7c, a fourth, low-resistance group 7d and a fifth, high-resistance group 7e.
- the high-resistance or low-resistance effect of the cross branches 7a to 7e is achieved by the smaller or larger width of the cross branches.
- only the third group 7c is formed by two individual, closely adjacent transverse branches, the remaining groups 7a, 7b, 7d, 7e each consist of only a single transverse branch.
- more than one cross branch per group can also be provided for the other groups 7a, 7b, 7d, 7e as required.
- transverse branches 7a to 7e can be varied depending on the strength of the desired coupling.
- the coupling branches of the third group 7c which are directly adjacent to the first central axis 9 of the arrangement according to FIG. 1, are fused into a single coupling branch.
- the present arrangement would only have five groups of cross branches 7a to 7e, each with one cross branch per group.
- the coupler can also be optimized via the shape of the longitudinal branches 6, 16 and the distance between the longitudinal branches.
- Each individual transverse branch of a group 7a to 7e or each longitudinal branch 6, 16 can also have a variation in the cross-sectional area, in particular several
- Width changes 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 have, as shown by way of example in Fig. 2. This allows a good adaptation or isolation to be achieved.
- the height of the inner conductor 1 and possibly also the height of the outer conductor 2, that is to say the dimension of the coupler in the spatial direction perpendicular to the cross section according to FIG. 1 or 2, are preferably constant.
- the longitudinal branches 6, 16 also have a stepped structure, i.e. here too the cross-sectional area of the branches is varied by changes in width in their longitudinal direction for optimization purposes and for adjusting the coupling.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19949069A DE19949069A1 (de) | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | Koppler für elektromagnetische Wellen |
DE19949069 | 1999-10-12 | ||
PCT/EP2000/009748 WO2001028030A1 (de) | 1999-10-12 | 2000-10-05 | Koppler für elektromagnetische wellen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1224708A1 true EP1224708A1 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
EP1224708B1 EP1224708B1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=7925316
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00964275A Expired - Lifetime EP1224708B1 (de) | 1999-10-12 | 2000-10-05 | Koppler für elektromagnetische wellen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1224708B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003511942A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2385900A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19949069A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001028030A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2218853A (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1989-11-22 | Philips Electronic Associated | Microwave directional coupler |
US5235296A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1993-08-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Directional coupler using a microstrip line |
DE19716290A1 (de) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-10-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Richtkoppler |
-
1999
- 1999-10-12 DE DE19949069A patent/DE19949069A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-10-05 CA CA002385900A patent/CA2385900A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-05 JP JP2001530148A patent/JP2003511942A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-05 EP EP00964275A patent/EP1224708B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-05 DE DE50001918T patent/DE50001918D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-05 WO PCT/EP2000/009748 patent/WO2001028030A1/de active Search and Examination
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0128030A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003511942A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
DE19949069A1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
EP1224708B1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
DE50001918D1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
CA2385900A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
WO2001028030A1 (de) | 2001-04-19 |
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