EP1222436B1 - Deformation projectile with a penetrator in the nose of the projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

Projectiles designed for hunting are matched to the game to be hunted. Fragmentation projectiles and partial fragmentation projectiles are fragmented into splinters during the impact on the game. Fragmentation takes place entirely or up to a defined rest body. The aim of the invention is to deform the projectile body pertaining to deformation projectiles with as little splinter fragmentation as possible. The aim of the invention is also to prevent splinters from breaking off by means of the construction of deformation projectiles. To this end, the penetrator (3), as seen in the direction of trajectory of the projectile (1), is arranged in front of the projectile body (4) and the jacket (2) of the projectile is formed as one piece, together with the projectile body (4).

Description

The invention relates to a deformation projectile according to the preamble of first claim.

Bullets used for hunting are tuned to the game to be hunted. Disassembly bullets and subdivision bullets are at impact on the Wild completely or down to a defined residual body in splinters disassembled. In deformation bullets, however, a deformation of the Projectile body with minimal splintering done. The construction of a deformation projectile is the abortment of splinters largely prevent. The residual body should be sufficient as a penetration body To develop depth effect, by at least up to the middle of the body, better yet, until in the mutual half of the body breaks through and becomes effective there.

Conventional deformation bullets are for example full bullets with so-called harassment. These are, for example, inside or outside cut grooves or a centrally located in the projectile body Expansion channel. When hitting the target body is on top of a Projectile body exerted a pressure. When entering the target body is the Projectile body compressed, the yield point of its material is exceeded. This creates longitudinal cracks in the projectile body, which at Its bursting metal strips, so-called flags, form. At the next Passage of the projectile through the target body, these metal strips after bent at the back and partly roll in. The projectile body mushrooms. Becomes the yield strength of the material is exceeded, the flags are split into fragments. The deformation of the projectile continues until its energy reaches that far degraded is that no further deformation occurs.

Disadvantage of such a projectile construction is the great dependence of Deformability of the projectile body from the impact speed on the Target body. Associated with this is the target ballistic effect, depending on Speed and distance range, subject to large fluctuations. This leads to insufficient effect of the Projectile in the target body.

From US 5,641,937 A is a deformation bullet with one of a Projectile jacket enclosed penetrator and a projectile body known the penetrator, seen in the direction of flight of the projectile, before the Projectile body is arranged and the projectile shell with the projectile body is one piece. The penetrator, however, consists of lead, while the Projectile body and the projectile casing consist of a copper alloy. In order to the material of the penetrator is much softer than the material of the Bullet jacket and the projectile body.

Deformation projectiles with a comparable structure are also from the DE 583 097 C and the US 1,447,478 A known. Again, the penetrator is off made of a material, usually lead, whose hardness is less than the hardness of the respective shell jacket and projectile body.

In contrast, in the known from DE 42 10 204 A projectiles is the material the projectile shell and the projectile body Tombak, a copper-zinc alloy, and thus softer than the material of the penetrator, which is a heavy metal is.

Object of the present invention is that upon impact of the projectile on the target body a rapid decomposition of the front shell part of Projectile body with the lowest possible mass losses of penetrator and Projectile body when entering or penetrating the target body takes place

The object is achieved by means of the characterizing features of the first Claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the Claimed subclaims.

The deformation of the invention achieved due to its construction a multiple effect in the target body. When hitting the target body is a rapid disassembly of the front, thin-walled part of the projectile body, the Bullet casing forms and encloses the penetrator. The projectile body is with the Shell jacket in one piece. The dismantling of the projectile shell takes place under a defined splitter delivery. This splitter delivery in the area of the injection channel increases the shock effect. The mass of the splinters is about 1% to 5% of the entire floor mass and is therefore low. The penetrator scores due its shape and mass even in so-called hard Treffem one Committee from the target body. Both the penetrator and the projectile body experience no loss of mass when entering the target body or when penetrating.

The projectile body is made of the same material or a material with comparable hardness as the penetrator. This makes it possible to wrap the coat around the Form penetrator as part of the projectile body. The splinter losses are thereby significantly reduced, because the projectile body itself no longer is enclosed by a coat.

The shape of the tail of the penetrator and the shape of the bow of the Projectile bodies are dependent on caliber and impact velocity as well the nature of the target body to the desired deformation properties matched the projectile body. By a corresponding initiated deformation of the projectile body becomes the speed dependence of Deformation behavior significantly reduced.

The deformation of the projectile body becomes essential through the design of his Bugs determined. In a conical depression centric to the projectile axis there is a strong splitting effect. The cone angle must be based on the hardness of the material of the projectile body and the desired effect of the deformation matched become. The harder the material and the larger the angle, the stronger it is Danger of breaking up into splinters. Material and angle must be for an optimal Mushrooming the projectile body are coordinated so that one Breaking up in self-winding flags, mushrooming, with essential Enlargement of the cross section of the projectile body with the lowest possible Decomposition of the flags is done in splinters. The angle is approximately between 30 ° and 90 °, preferably at about 60 °.

If the bow of the projectile body has a trough-shaped depression, it becomes due to the initially greater resistance to penetration into the target body the Deformation of the bugs of the projectile body mainly initiated by upsetting.

The readiness for Aufpilzung can be substantially increased, if at the respective recess connects a cavity centric to the projectile axis, for example, a hole. This hole can be cylindrical or conical and depending on the desired degree of deformation a corresponding depth and a corresponding diameter. The deeper the cavity, the longer when penetrating the target body is the readiness that the projectile body is deformed by mushrooming. The larger the diameter of the cavity, the more less is the remaining material content of the projectile body and the lighter he is broken up. The cavity can be up to half the length of the cavity Projectile body extend into this.

Just as the design of the bow of the bullet body his willingness to deform Of course, the tail side of the penetrator is naturally also the one authoritative tool that determines the course of deformation of the projectile core certainly.

The stern of the penetrator may have a conical tip, wherein the Cone angle and the acute angle of the conical depression of the projectile body are coordinated. A conical tail of the penetrator acts like a Wedge on the projectile body and it applies here, too, what already in the Description of the design of the bugs of the projectile body has been explained.

If, on the other hand, the rear of the penetrator has a convex shape, the Projectile body initially subjected to a strong deformation before he due Bursting of the material over the yield point bursts out and aufpilzt.

The deformation effect of the penetrator is additionally supported when the conical tip or the spherical shape on the stern of the penetrator and mirror image of the depression on the bow of the projectile body of one Are surrounded annular surface, these surfaces perpendicular to the center line of the Projectile stand.

The shape of the projectile tip has a significant influence on the Flight characteristics and the penetration of the projectile in the Target body and the decomposition behavior of the shell.

Located in front of the bow side of the penetrator from the shell of the projectile enclosed space and the top of the coat is not closed, are the Flight characteristics of the projectile not so cheap, as if the opening in the jacket closed by a tip. This top can be a bullet cover from a thin, soft sheet metal or a massive tip. A closed top gives the projectile a lower speed drop due to the more even course of the flow lines.

The shape of the projectile tip also has an influence on the decomposition of the Jacket. For an open top or a projectile hood made of a soft Sheet metal are like a punched hole. The coat is at Impact on the target body immediately tear into flags. At a massive peak the bullet will first penetrate into the target body and the decomposition of the Mantels is characterized by its strong deformation by the tip and by that conditional exceeding the yield strength of the material initiated.

The projectile tip is in contrast to the penetrator from a softer Material. It is advantageous if this projectile tip, for example, from a biodegradable plastic is produced. The shape of a plastic is easier and cheaper than making a massive projectile nose made of metal. The remainder remaining in the carcass or released into the landscape the projectile tip is biologically harmless.

The shape of the penetrator 's bow in turn has an influence on the Penetration resistance in the target body. If the nose of the penetrator is a flat head, it is done only a small upset, without substantial increase in the Penetration resistance. If the bow is shaped like a hollow point, for example through a funnel-shaped depression, optionally with one attached to it subsequent cavity, due to the small wall thickness of the penetrator at the hollow tip favors a mushrooming, which is the front cross-section increases and thereby increases the penetration resistance and a larger Energy release in the target body has the consequence.

The projectile according to the invention has a sharp edge. A Scharfrand provides for a clean shot in the ceiling of the game. This one is not torn, but punched out at the bullet. The bullet hole, which is about the size of a caliber, therefore ensures already at the shot that the wound provides sweat.

A Scharfrand should be as possible at the point where the diameter of the Projectile, seen from its peak, no longer increases. At the The projectile according to the invention is the sharp edge at the point where the Coat merges into the projectile body and the penetrator with its cone-shaped Heck dives into the projectile body. The sharp edge is created by an annular Puncture on the circumference of the projectile. The penetrator essentially comprises the tapered part of the projectile, while the projectile body the cylindrical part of the projectile. The Scharfrand favors that Kinking of the penetrator peeling off flags of the projectile shell. If the flags of the projectile shell are bent at the latest at the edge of the scrape, the penetrator is separated from the projectile body.

The wall thickness of the projectile mantle affects its bursting, mushrooming and the Degree of chipping. Therefore, the wall thickness of the shell in the range of Depending on the application and caliber range, penetrators can be varied.

It is particularly advantageous if the projectile, consisting of the projectile body followed by jacket, the penetrator and possibly the projectile hood or the tip of lead-free materials. Because lead and its alloys are considered to be toxic, in particular that interspersed with lead shards Tissue only partially considered as edible. Be against it used according to the invention materials for the projectile, such as Plastic, and the metals copper, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, titanium, silver, Aluminum, tantalum, vanadium and possible alloys of the listed metals, are the fragments penetrating the tissue as well as those remaining in the carcass Rest body harmless and cause no toxic contamination of the Tissue.

Reference to exemplary embodiments, the invention is explained in detail.

Figur 1

ein erfindungsgemäßes Deformationsgeschoß mit Penetrator im Geschoßbug,

Figur 2

eine Geschoßspitze als Hohlspitze, die von einer Metallkappe verschlossen wird,

Figur 3

eine Geschoßspitze als Hohlspitze, die von einer massiven Spitze verschlossen wird,

Figur 4

Ausführungsbeispiel für die Bugform des Penetrators, hier mit einem flachen Bug,

Figur 5

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Heckform des Penetrators und der zugehörigen Bugform des Geschoßkerns, hier mit einem kegelförmigen Heck des Penetrators, wobei der Kegel und die kegelförmige Vertiefung jeweils von einer Ringfläche umgeben sind,

Figur 6

eine Zusammenstellung eines Penetrators mit einem balligen Heck und einem Geschoßkern mit einer muldenförmigen Vertiefung und

Figur 7

einen Penetrator mit einem Heck mit glockenförmiger Spitze und einen Geschoßkern mit entsprechend geformter Ausnehmung.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a deformation projectile according to the invention with a penetrator in the projectile bow,

FIG. 2

a projectile tip as a hollow point, which is closed by a metal cap,

FIG. 3

a projectile tip as a hollow point, which is closed by a massive tip,

FIG. 4

Exemplary embodiment of the bow form of the penetrator, here with a flat bow,

FIG. 5

an embodiment of the rear shape of the penetrator and the associated bow shape of the projectile core, here with a conical tail of the penetrator, wherein the cone and the conical recess are each surrounded by an annular surface,

FIG. 6

a compilation of a penetrator with a crowned tail and a bullet core with a trough-shaped depression and

FIG. 7

a penetrator with a rear bell-shaped tip and a bullet core with a correspondingly shaped recess.

In Figure 1 is a greatly enlarged scale according to the invention Deformation projectile 1 shown in half section. The bow core 3 is from a Enclosed jacket 2, which is a continuation of the projectile body 4. The bow core 3 is according to the invention the penetrator and consists of the same or a Material with comparable hardness as the projectile body. 4

The projectile has a hollow point 5. The opening 6 of the shell 2 can by a projectile hood or a massive top are closed as it is in the 2 and 3 below.

The bow 7 of the penetrator 3 has a conical recess 26. Of the Cone angle 36 corresponds to the usual in hollow floors opening angle of Tip opening. As already described, the bow shape of the Penetrators its deformation behavior when hitting the target body. Of the Penetrator 3 essentially forms the tapered part 10 of the projectile. 1 His tail 11 runs conically pointed and extends into the cylindrical part 12 of the Projectile 1, the projectile body 4. The cone angle 35 must be based on the hardness of the i material of the projectile body 4 and the desired effect of the deformation be matched. The harder the material and the larger the angle 35, the more there is a greater risk of decomposition into splinters. Material and angle must be so be matched to each other, that breaking up in itself rolling up flags, a mushrooming, with substantial enlargement of the cross section of the projectile body he follows. The cone angle 35 is therefore approximately between 30 ° and 90 °, preferably at about 60 °

The projectile body 4 has at its bow 13, first a conically extending Bore 14 for receiving the conical tail 11 of the penetrator 3. Thereon joins a much narrower cavity 15, which is about half of the Length of the projectile body 4 extends into this. Upon impact of the projectile 1 on a target body of the penetrator 3 acts on the projectile body 4 with his cone-shaped tail 11 like a wedge. The cavity 15 favors the tearing and thus mushrooming with the corresponding increase in diameter. These in turn promotes a better energy release of the projectile in the target body increased shock effect.

In the projectile of the invention, the sharp edge 16 is located at the point 17, at the jacket 2 passes into the projectile body 4 and the penetrator 3 with his conical tail 11 dives into the projectile body 4. The Scharfrand 16 is formed by an annular recess 18 on the circumference of the projectile 1. Er causes a clean bullet hole when passing through the ceiling of the game with sharply demarcated edge. He also favors the kinking of the Penetrator 3 peeling flags of the projectile mantle 2. When the flags of the Projectile jacket bent at the latest on the Scharfrand, is the penetrator of Projectile body separated.

The projectile 1 is rotationally symmetrical to its center line 19. The projectile body 4 has a short tail cone approach 20 and has in its cylindrical portion 12th three relief grooves 38 to reduce friction in the barrel.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show two exemplary embodiments of the embodiment of FIG Projectile nose 21. In Figure 2, the opening 6 of the shell 2 to the hollow tip 5 by a projectile hood 22 closed. It is in the present embodiment a metal cap with a small wall thickness of a much softer metal than the jacket 2. The projectile hood 22 closes the opening 6 and improves thereby the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile 1. When hitting on a target body, the projectile cap 22 will easily deform. She will be on the Mantle 2 and act on the penetrator 3 only slightly, so that the Deformation and disassembly of the shell 2 initiated only at its impact becomes. In the bow 7 of the penetrator 3, a conical recess 8 is placed in it subsequent bore 9 continues. This hole 9 supports the through the recess. 8 initiated Aufpilzung. The cone angle 36 corresponds to the case of hollow floors usual opening angle of the tip opening.

In the figure 3, the opening 6 in the jacket 2 by a solid tip 23rd closed, at the conical body, a shaft 24 connects, the in the cylindrical bore 9 of the penetrator 3 is inserted. At the impact of the massive Tip 23, this is initially little deformed and therefore in the target body penetrate before the pressure builds up so great that a decomposition of the Mantels 2 by the pushing back of the top 23 takes place.

FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the shape of the bow 7 of FIG Penetrators 3. This embodiment is also suitable to the Opening 6 of the shell 2 according to the embodiment of Figure 2 with a projectile cap 22 to close. When hitting the flat face 25th of the penetrator 3 on a target body, a compression of the material is promoted.

Figures 5 and 6 show further embodiments of the design of the Rear shape of the penetrator and the associated bow shape of the projectile body. At the Embodiment of Figure 5, the rear of the penetrator 3 a conical tip 27 which is enclosed by an annular surface 28. These Ring surface 28 is also supported on an annular surface 29 from which the end face on Bug of the projectile body 4 forms. It encloses a conical depression 30, which receives the conical tip at the rear of the penetrator 3. Both ring surfaces 28 and 29 are at right angles 37 on the center line 19 of the projectile. 1

Upon impact of the projectile 1 on a target body, the penetrator exerts two Effects on the projectile body 4, from. The ring surface upsets the material of the Projectile body while the cone tip penetrates like a wedge in the material and tearing him. The cone angle 35 also determines the degree of the desired Deformation.

An even stronger compression effect is achieved when the stern of the Penetrator 3 of Figure 6 has a spherical shape 31. This fits in one trough-shaped recess 32 of the projectile body 4, of an annular surface 39th is enclosed. This annular surface 39 is also supported on an annular surface 40 from, which forms the end face at the bow of the projectile body 4. It encloses the trough-shaped recess 32 which receives the crowned tail 31 of the penetrator 3. Both annular surfaces 39 and 40 are at right angles 41 on the center line 19 of the Projectile 1. In the present embodiment, a first takes place strong compression of the material of the projectile body 4 with subsequent Exceeding the yield strength of the material, which eventually leads to tearing and mushrooming of the projectile body 4 leads.

The deformation of the projectile body 4 according to present embodiments can be accelerated when the depression 30 or the trough-shaped Recess 32 each centric to the center line of the projectile 1 a cavity in the Bullet core 4 connects, as is the case in the embodiment of Figure 1.

Figure 7 shows an embodiment with a bell-shaped tip 33 as the rear of the penetrator 3. It is a tip with combined upsetting and splitting effect, the in a correspondingly shaped recess 34 of the projectile body 4 extends.

Claims (23)

1. A deformable bullet (1) having a penetrator (3), surrounded by a bullet jacket (2), and a bullet body (4), the penetrator (3) being arranged in front of the bullet body (4), when viewed in the direction of flight of the bullet (1), and the bullet jacket (2) being in one piece with the bullet body (4), characterised in that the penetrator (3) consists of the same material as the bullet body (4) or of a material of comparable hardness.
2. A deformable bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the shape of the tail (11) of the penetrator (3) and the shape of the nose (13) of the bullet body (4) are conformed to the desired deformation characteristics of the bullet body (4) as a function of calibre and impact speed as well as of the nature of the target body.
3. A deformable bullet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the nose (13) of the bullet body (4) has a recess (14, 30, 32, 34), centred relative to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1).
4. A deformable bullet according to claim 3, characterised in that the recess (14, 30, 32, 34) is conical (14, 30), trough-shaped (32) or bell-shaped (34).
5. A deformable bullet according to claim 4, characterised in that the vertex angle (35) of the conical recess (14, 30) is approximately between 30° and 90°, preferably approximately 60°.
6. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that adjoining the recess (14) is a cavity (15), which is centred relative to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1).
7. A deformable bullet according to claim 6, characterised in that the cavity (15) extends into the bullet body (4) by as much as approximately half the length thereof.
8. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the recess (30) is surrounded by a circular ring-shaped surface (28) and in that this circular ring-shaped surface (28) is perpendicular (37) to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1).
9. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the shape of the tail (11, 27, 31, 33) of the penetrator (3) is respectively conformed to the shape of the recess (14, 30, 32, 34) in the bullet body (4).
10. A deformable bullet according to claim 9,
    characterised in that the tail (27) of the penetrator (3) conformed to the nose (13) of the bullet core (4) is surrounded by a circular ring-shaped surface (28) and in that this circular ring-shaped surface (28) is perpendicular (37) to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1).
11. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the nose (7) of the penetrator (3) has a shape conformed to the desired deformation behaviour of the penetrator (3).
12. A deformable bullet according to claim 11, characterised in that the nose (7) of the penetrator (3) takes the form of a flat head (25) or a hollow tip (8, 9; 26).
13. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the tip (21) of the bullet (1) has a shape conformed to the desired flight characteristics.
14. A deformable bullet according to claim 13, characterised in that the bullet (1) bears a bullet hood in the form of a cap (22).
15. A deformable bullet according to claim 13, characterised in that the bullet (1) bears an affixed solid tip (23).
16. A deformable bullet according to claim 15, characterised in that the solid tip (23) has at its rear a shank (24) which extends into the penetrator (3).
17. A deformable bullet according to claim 15 or 16, characterised in that the bullet tip (23) consists of a biodegradable plastics material.
18. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the bullet (1) has a wadcutter edge (16).
19. A deformable bullet according to claim 18, characterised in that the wadcutter edge (16) is formed at the transition point between jacket (2) and bullet body (4) by a notch (17).
20. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that at least one relief groove (38) is arranged on the cylindrical portion (12) of the bullet (1) to reduce friction in the weapon barrel.
21. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the wall thickness of the bullet jacket (2) is adapted to the purpose and calibre range of the bullet (1).
22. A deformable bullet according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the bullet (1), composed of the bullet body (4) with adjacent jacket (2), the penetrator (3) and optionally affixed bullet tip (21), consists of lead-free materials.
23. A deformable bullet according to claim 22, characterised in that the following materials in particular are used for the bullet (1): plastics, in particular biodegradable, synthetic resins and, as metallic materials, copper, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, titanium, silver, aluminium, tantalum, vanadium together with possible alloys of these metals.

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