EP1214560B2 - Partial fragmentation projectile with a penetrator in the tail of the projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

The effect of a projectile (1), especially for the purpose of hunting, in the target body essentially depends upon the mass, the material characteristics and the construction thereof. Known partial fragmentation projectiles contain two cores (3, 4) as jacket projectiles. The nose core which faces the top of the projectile consists of a softer lead alloy and the tail core being the projector which is situated in the tail consists of a harder lead alloy. Lead and the alloys thereof are considered as being non-environmentally friendly. The toxic characteristics of the splinters remaining in the body of the animal and of the remaining components pertaining to the projectiles are a burden, whereby said remaining components are ejected into the environment. According to the invention, all the components (2, 3, 4, 22, 23) of the projectile (1) consist of lead-free materials. Moreover, the penetrator (4) is provided with deformation and fragmentation means (14, 29, 31, 33) which are embodied in a conical, crowned or bell-shaped manner and influence the mushrooming and fragmentation of the nose core (3).

Description

The invention relates to a partial separation projectile.

The effect of a projectile, in particular for hunting purposes, in the target body depends essentially on its mass, its material properties and its structural design. Known partial separation projectiles contain two cores as shell projectiles, whereby the projectile tip facing, so-called nose core consists of a softer and the rear core located in the rear of a harder lead alloy. When hitting and penetrating into the target body, the shell shell and the softer nose core are mostly split up into fragments.

Lead and its alloys are considered to be environmentally unfriendly. Disassembled a projectile when hitting and penetrating into a target body, an animal remains depending on the projectile type a certain proportion of splinters in the carcass, while the exiting from the carcass residual body and other splinters get into the environment. Both in the carcass and in the environment they represent a burden due to their toxic properties.

The tail core causes the depth effect and should escape from the target body to form a reject hole. In so-called hard hits, such as the impact of the projectile on bone, the projectile shell tears under circumstances beyond the dividing line of the two lead cores out. This usually leads to a total disassembly of the bow core and to a strong fragmentation of the projectile shell. The result is heavy mass losses of the projectile and not insignificant deformations or the total disassembly of the tail core. As a result, so much energy can be lost that a reject of the tail core from the target body is no longer possible.

From the WO 97/20185 A1 is known a bullet, which consists entirely of lead-free materials. It is a mantle projectile and consists of a soft nose cone and a tail core, the penetrator, whereby the nose of the penetrator and the stern of the nose cone collide in a flat surface. Due to its flat bow surface, the tail core exerts no controllable influence on the beating properties of the nose cone.

From the US 4,136,616 A are known projectiles for hunting and handguns, including embodiments with two successive projectile cores, which consist of a soft material, such as lead. The bow core and the stern core are up to their respective end facing away from the firing direction, enveloped by = a coat made of a hard material in the front of the tail core jacket runs to a point and penetrates into the bow core. The tip of the jacket influences the decomposition behavior of the nose cone.

The object of the present invention is to introduce a partial separation projectile made of a lead-free material, which undergoes a rapid disassembly of the projectile jacket when hitting the target body and in which a committee with a defined residual size of the projectile is ensured. Another object is to provide alternative forms for the nose tip of the penetrator.

The object is achieved by means of the characterizing features of claims 1 and 2, respectively. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are claimed in the subclaims.

The projectile, which includes a jacket, a tail core as a penetrator and a bow core and optionally a projectile hood or a top, according to the invention consists of lead-free materials. Since lead and its alloys are considered to be toxic, in particular the interspersed with lead fragments tissue is considered to be restricted to edible. In contrast, according to the invention materials used for the projectile, such as plastic, and the metals copper, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, titanium, silver, aluminum, tantalum, vanadium and possible alloys of the metals listed, are penetrating into the tissue splitter and the projectile residues that escape into nature are harmless and do not cause any toxic contamination of the fabric or the environment.

Due to its structural design, the projectile according to the invention advantageously achieves a multiple effect in the target body. The rear-side arranged penetrator made of a harder material than the bow core causes a safe rejection even with increased resistance in the target body due to its low disassembly and consequent low loss of mass. The fact that the shape of the bend of the penetrator and the shape of the stern of the nose cone are tuned to the desired decomposition properties of the nose core depending on the caliber, the impact velocity and the nature of the target body, a coordinated compression and wedging action on the bow core to his Decomposition exercised. Already when entering the target body, the disassembly of the nose core takes place in such a way that the fragment dispensing preferably takes place in the vicinity of the injection channel. The use of an easily deformable material such as tin or zinc or their alloys, the Zerlegungsbereitschaft is supported. As a result, the task of the bow core is met, by delivering splinters in the target body to achieve a destructive effect and a shock effect.

The forward side of the penetrator made of a harder material is the decisive tool that determines the process of disassembly of the nose cone. For this reason, it is equipped with deformation and certification means. The bow of the penetrator may have a cone-shaped tip centric to the center line of the projectile, wherein the cone angle of the deformation and Zertegungsmittels and the pointed Angle of the cone-shaped depression of the nose cone, in which the tip of the penetrator engages, are coordinated. A cone-shaped bow of the penetrator acts like a wedge on the bow core. The cone angle must be adjusted to the hardness of the material of the nose cone and the desired effect of the decomposition. The harder the material and the larger the angle, the greater the willingness to break it up into small fragments. For soft material and acute angle breaking into flags, mushrooming and breaking into large fragments outweighs. The angle is between about 30 ° and 90 °, preferably about 60 °.

If the bow of the penetrator has a crowned shape, the bow core is first subjected to severe deformation before it is torn into splinters due to the stress of the material beyond its yield strength.

The disintegration effect of the penetrator is further assisted by deformation, when the conical tip or the spherical shape of the deformation and disintegration means on the bow of the penetrator and mirror image of the respective depression on the rear of the nose core are surrounded by a circular ring surface, these surfaces perpendicular to the center line of the projectile.

The shape of the projectile tip has a significant influence on the flight characteristics and the penetration of the projectile into the target body and the decomposition behavior of the shell.

If a space enclosed by the shell of the projectile lies in front of the bow core and the tip of the shell is not closed, the flight characteristics of the projectile are not as favorable as if the opening in the shell is closed by a point. This top may be a bullet cover made of a thin, soft sheet metal or a solid top. A closed tip gives the projectile a lower velocity drop due to the more even flow of the flowlines.

The shape of the projectile tip also has an influence on the dismantling of the shell. In the case of an open tip or a projectile hood made of a soft sheet, conditions are the same as in a punched bullet. The coat will immediately tear in flags when hitting the target body. With a solid tip, the projectile will first penetrate into the target body and the disassembly of the shell is initiated by its strong deformation by the tip and the consequent exceeding of the yield strength of the material.

The projectile tip consists, like the Bugkem, of a soft material. It is advantageous if this projectile tip is made for example of a biodegradable plastic. The shaping of a plastic is simpler and cheaper compared to a production of a solid projectile tip made of metal. The remainder of the projectile tip remaining in the carcass or discharged into the landscape is biologically harmless.

The shape of the bow of the nose cone in turn has an influence on the penetration resistance in the target body. If the bow is a flat head, its decomposition is initiated with deformation, which increases the penetration resistance. If the bow is formed like a hollow point, for example through a funnel-shaped depression, possibly with a cavity adjoining it, its decomposition is initiated by flag-shaped tearing, which promotes early splinter formation.

A projectile according to the invention has a sharp edge. A sharp edge ensures a clean shot in the ceiling of the game. This is not torn, but punched out at Einschuß. The Einschußöffnung, which is about the size of a caliber, therefore provides
already at the injection that the wound supplies sweat.

The Scharfrand is in the place,
from which the diameter of the projectile no longer increases when viewed from the top. In the projectile according to the invention, the sharp edge sits at the transition point between the penetrator and the bow core. The nose core substantially comprises the tapered portion of the projectile while the penetrator constitutes the cylindrical portion of the projectile. Of the
Sharp edge has the function of a solid breaking point of the shell in this projectile type. If the flags of the projectile shell break off at the latest at the Schaffrand, the penetrator is separated from the bow core.

The wall thickness of the jacket influences the bursting and the degree of chipping. Therefore, the wall thickness of the shell in the area of the penetrator decreases in the direction of the tapered part of the projectile. The sharp edge is a wall thickness jump, that is, that the wall thickness in the region of the nose core is lower than in the area of the penetrator. A weaker wall thickness favors the dismantling of the projectile shell into splinters.

Reference to exemplary embodiments, the invention is explained in detail.

Figur 1

ein erfindungsgemäßes Teilzerlegungsgeschoß mit Penetrator im Geschoßbug, hier mit einem kegelförmigen Bug des Penetrators, wobei der Kegel als das Deformations- und Zerlegungsmittel und die kegelförmige Vertiefung im Heck des Bugkerns jeweils von einer Ringfläche umgeben sind,

Figur 2

eine Geschoßspitze als Hohlspitze, die von einer Metallkappe verschlossen wird,

Figur 3

eine Geschoßspitze als Hohlspitze, die von einer massiven Spitze verschlossen wird,

Figur 4

Ausführungsbeispiel für die Bugform des Bugkerns, hier mit einem flachen Bug,

Figur 5

mit einer kegelförmigen Vertiefung im Bug und

Figur 6

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Bugform des Penetrators und der zugehörigen Heckform des Bugkerns, hier mit einem kegelförmigen Bug des Penetrators,

Figur 7

eine Zusammenstellung eines Penetrators mit einem balligen Bug und einem Bugkern mit einer muldenförmigen Vertiefung im Heck und

Figur 8

einen Penetrator mit einem Bug mit glockenförmiger Spitze und einen Bugkern mit entsprechend geformter Ausnehmung im Heck.

Show it:

FIG. 1

an inventive Teilzerlegungsgeschoß with penetrator in Geschoßbug, here with a conical nose of the penetrator, wherein the cone as the deformation and disassembly means and the conical recess in the rear of the nose core are each surrounded by an annular surface,

FIG. 2

a projectile tip as a hollow point, which is closed by a metal cap,

FIG. 3

a projectile tip as a hollow point, which is closed by a massive tip,

FIG. 4

Exemplary embodiment of the bow shape of the bow core, here with a flat bow,

FIG. 5

with a conical depression in the bow and

FIG. 6

an embodiment of the bow shape of the penetrator and the associated stern shape of the nose cone, here with a conical nose of the penetrator,

FIG. 7

a compilation of a penetrator with a crowned bow and a bow core with a trough-shaped depression in the rear and

FIG. 8

a penetrator with a bow with a bell-shaped tip and a nose cone with a correspondingly shaped recess in the rear.

In FIG. 1 In a greatly enlarged scale, a partial separation projectile 1 according to the invention is shown in half section. From a projectile casing 2, a bow core 3 and a rear core 4 is enclosed. The rear core 4 is the penetrator and is made of a material that is harder than the bow core 3. The bow core according to the invention instead of lead or a lead alloy of a lead-free material, such as tin, zinc or alloys of these metals. The penetrator, for example, may consist of a copper alloy.

The projectile has a hollow point 5. The opening 6 of the shell 2 can be closed by a projectile cap or a solid tip, as in the following FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown.

The bow 7 of the nose cone 3 has a conical recess 8 with an adjoining cylindrical bore 9. As previously explained, the bow shape of the bow core affects its deformation and disassembly behavior when hitting the target body.

The bow core 3 essentially forms the tapered part 10 of the projectile 1. In the transition region from the tapered part 10 of the projectile 1 to its cylindrical part 12 extends the bow 13 of the penetrator 4 with its deformation and disassembly means, a conical tip 14, in the tail 11 of the bow core 3. In the present embodiment, the bow 13 of the penetrator 4 forming conical tip 14 is enclosed by an annular surface 15. This annular surface 15 is also supported on an annular surface 16, which forms the end face at the rear 11 of the bow core 3. It encloses a conical depression 17, which receives the conical tip 14 at the bow of the penetrator 4. Both annular surfaces 15 and 16 are at right angles 18 on the center line 19 of the projectile. 1

Upon impact of the projectile 1 on a target body, the penetrator 4 exerts two effects on the softer nose core 3. The annular surface 15 compresses the material of the nose cone 3, while the cone tip 14 penetrates like a wedge into the material and tears it. The decomposition of the nose core 4 is initially under massive deformation of the material. The cone angle 35 must be matched to the hardness of the material of the nose cone 3 and the desired effect of the decomposition. The harder the material and the greater the angle 35, the greater the willingness to break up into small fragments. With a soft material and an acute angle 35 breaking up into flags, mushrooming and breaking up into large fragments predominates. The cone angle 35 is therefore approximately between 30 ° and 90 °, preferably about 60 °.

Approximately at the point where the tip of the cone 14 of the penetrator 4 ends in the bow core 3, a sharp edge 27 is arranged on the shell 2 on the circumference of the projectile 1. The sharp edge 27 can be formed for example by pressing a bead 28 in the shell 2 of the projectile 1, whereby the soft material of the bow core 3 is compressed and in the shell 2, a sharp edge 27 is formed. The Scharfrand causes when passing through the ceiling of the game a clean Einschußöffnung sharply demarcated edge.

By the bead 28, with the sharp edge 27 is formed, the decomposition of the projectile 1 in the bow core 3 and the penetrator 4 is given. When tearing open the projectile casing 2, the sharp edge 27 acts as a predetermined breaking point. The flags of the splitting shell 2 tear off at the latest at this point. The separation of nose cone 3 and penetrator 4 is further facilitated by the wall thickness of the jacket being reduced from the bullet tail 20 to the sharp edge 27. The wall thickness of the shell 2, which surrounds the tapered part 10 of the projectile 1, extends approximately in the same, reduced wall thickness up to the opening 6 of the hollow tip 5.

The FIGS. 2 and 3 show two embodiments of the formation of the projectile nose 21. In FIG. 2 the opening 6 of the shell 2 to the hollow top 5 is closed by a projectile cap 22. It is in the present embodiment, a metal cap with a small wall thickness of a much softer metal than the shell 2. The projectile cap 22 closes the opening 6 and thereby improves the aerodynamic properties of the projectile 1. When hitting a target body, the projectile cap 22 is easily deformed. It will act only insignificantly on the jacket 2, so that the deformation and the decomposition of the shell 2 is initiated only at its impact.

In the FIG. 3 the opening 6 in the shell 2 is closed by a solid tip 23, on the conical body of which a shaft 24 adjoins, which is inserted in the cylindrical bore 9 of the nose cone 3. Upon impact of the massive tip 23, this is initially little deformed and therefore penetrate into the target body before the pressure building up is so great that a decomposition of the shell 2 by the pushing back of the Tip 23 is done and the bow 3 is compressed.

The FIGS. 4 and 5 show further embodiments of the shape of the bow 7 of the nose cone 3. These embodiments are also suitable to the opening 6 of the shell 2 according to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 to close with a projectile hood 22. Upon impact of the flat end face 25 of the nose cone 3 after FIG. 4 on a target body, a compression of the material is promoted, while the conical recess 26 accordingly FIG. 5 a direct rupture and thus fostered mushrooming. The cone angle 36 corresponds to the usual in hollow floors opening angle of the tip opening.

The FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show further embodiments of the design of the shape of the bow 13 of the penetrator 4 and the associated shape of the stern 11 bow core 3. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6 the bow 13 of the penetrator 4 as a deformation and disassembly means is a conical tip 29, which exerts a strong wedge effect on the nose core 3. This top 29 will, as in FIG. 1 , received by a correspondingly shaped recess 30 in the rear 11 of the nose cone 3. The cone angle 35 must also be tuned here to the hardness of the material of the nose cone 3 and the desired effect of the decomposition. The harder the material and the greater the angle 35, the greater the willingness to break up into small fragments. With a soft material and an acute angle 35 breaking up into flags, mushrooming and breaking into large fragments is more important. The cone angle 35 is therefore also between about 30 ° and 90 °, preferably at about 60 ° (?).

An even stronger compression effect on the nose core 3 is then achieved when the bow 13 of the penetrator 4 after FIG. 7 as deformation and disassembly means has a spherical shape 31. This fits into a trough-shaped recess 32 of the nose cone 3. In the present embodiment, first a strong compression of the material of the nose core 3, followed by exceeding the yield strength of the material, which eventually leads to tearing and mushrooming of the nose core 3.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment with a bell-shaped tip 33 as a bow 13 of the penetrator 4. It is a tip with combined upsetting and splitting effect, which extends into a correspondingly shaped recess 34 of the nose core 3.

Claims (17)

1. A partially fragmenting bullet of a lead-free material having a nose core (3), which, as a soft core, is the fragmenting part of the bullet (1),
   and a hard core as penetrator (4),
   wherein the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) has a deformation and fragmentation means (14, 31, 33), which is centred relative to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1),
   wherein the shape of the tail (11, 30, 32, 34) of the nose core (3) is in each case adapted to the shape of the deformation and fragmentation means (14, 31, 33), penetrating directly therein, of the penetrator (4), and wherein the shape of the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) and the shape of the tail (11, 30, 32, 34) of the nose core (3) are conformed to the desired fragmentation characteristics of the nose core (3) as a function of calibre and impact speed as well as of the nature of the target body
   by a conical shape (14) for splitting, wherein the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) has a conical tip (14) of a lead-free material, and the tail (11) of the nose core (3) has a conical recess (17) into which the tip (14) of the penetrator (4) engages,
   and
   the bullet (1) has a wadcutter edge (27),
   the wadcutter edge (27) is formed at the transition point between penetrator (4) and nose core (3) by a necked-in portion (28) in the jacket (2) of the bullet (1), wherein the wadcutter edge (27) lies at the point from which the diameter of the bullet, when viewed from the tip, increases no further.
2. A partially fragmenting bullet of a lead-free material having a nose core (3), which, as a soft core, is the fragmenting part of the bullet (1),
   and a hard core as penetrator (4),
   wherein the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) has a deformation and fragmentation means (14, 31, 33),
   which is centred relative to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1),
   wherein the shape of the tail (11, 30, 32, 34) of the nose core (3) is in each case adapted to the shape of the deformation and fragmentation means (14, 31, 33), penetrating directly therein, of the penetrator (4), and wherein the shape of the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) and the shape of the tail (11, 30, 32, 34) of the nose core (3) are conformed to the desired fragmentation characteristics of the nose core (3) as a function of calibre and impact speed as well as of the nature of the target body
   by a spherical shape (31) for compression, wherein the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) has a spherical shape (31) of a lead-free material that fits into a trough-shaped recess (32) of the nose core (3), and
   a bell shape (33) for joint splitting and compression of the nose core (3), wherein the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) is a bell-shaped tip (33) of a lead-free material that extends into a correspondingly shaped recess (34) in the nose core (3).
3. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the angle (35) of the conical tip (14, 29) is approximately between 30° and 90°, preferably approximately 60°.
4. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the deformation and fragmentation means (14) is surrounded by a circular ring-shaped surface (15), and in that this circular ring-shaped surface (15) is perpendicular (18) to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1).
5. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 4, characterised in that the tail (11) of the nose core (3) conformed to the nose (13) of the penetrator (4) is surrounded by a circular-ring shaped surface (16), and in that this circular ring-shaped surface (16) is perpendicular (18) to the centre line (19) of the bullet (1).
6. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the nose (7) of the nose core (3) exhibits a shape conformed to the desired deformation and fragmentation behaviour of the nose core (3) on penetration into the target body.
7. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 6, characterised in that the nose (7) of the nose core (3) takes the form of a flat head (25) or a hollow tip (8, 9; 26).
8. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the tip (21) of the bullet (1) exhibits a shape conformed to the desired flight characteristics.
9. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 8, characterised in that the bullet (1) bears a bullet hood in the form of a cap (22).
10. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 8, characterised in that the bullet (1) bears an affixed solid tip (23).
11. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 10, characterised in that the solid tip (23) has at its rear a shank (24) which extends into the nose core (3).
12. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterised in that the bullet tip (23) consists of a biodegradable plastics material.
13. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 2 and 4 to 12, characterised in that the bullet (1) has a wadcutter edge (27).
14. A partially fragmenting bullet according to claim 13, characterised in that the wadcutter edge (27) is formed roughly at the transition point between penetrator (4) and nose core (3) by a necked-in portion (28) in the jacket (2) of the bullet (1).
15. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the wall thickness of the jacket (2) of the bullet (1) decreases from the tail (20) of the bullet (1) to the wadcutter edge (27).
16. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the wall thickness of the bullet jacket (2) is smaller in the tapering part (10) of the bullet (1) than in the cylindrical part (12).
17. A partially fragmenting bullet according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the following materials in particular are used for the bullet (1): plastics, in particular biodegradable, synthetic resins and, as metallic materials, copper, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, titanium, silver, aluminium, tantalum, vanadium together with possible alloys of these metals.

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