RU2356002C2 - Dual-core partially breakable bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to partially breakable dual-core bullets. One solid core is made from material fit for bullet production, the other one being divided into two parts. One part is made from metal balls or granulates, while the second one is produced from metal or ceramic powder. Aforesaid balls or granulate are compacted without shrinkage cavities. ^ EFFECT: improved bullet fragmentation. ^ 25 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a partially fragmentable pool in accordance with the restrictive part of the first claim.

The fragmentation of the bullet in the target, in particular the hunting bullet in the body of a wild animal or bird after penetrating into it, determines the energy return of the bullet and thereby the effect of the shot. Small game, for example, needs a different fragmentation than large game. From German patent application DE 10239910 A1, a fragmentation hunting bullet in the form of a shell bullet is known. This can be either a bullet with a partial shell, or a bullet with a full shell, the core of which is made of balls pressed without shrinkage shells or granules of metal material. Suitable materials for balls or granules are all materials that can be pressed without shrinkage shells, including lead or lead-containing alloys. However, for environmental reasons, mainly lead-free materials are used to avoid undesirable contamination of soil and game meat.

The compressed bullet core from the balls or granules contained within the shell of the bullet is crushed by the shell upon impact with the target. In this case, the diameter of the balls or the grain size of the granulate determines both the energy transfer and the intended break points in the bullet core and thereby the size of the individual parts formed during its fragmentation. Larger balls or particles of granulate penetrate deeper into the target medium and create a deeper penetrating destruction channel in the tissue than the mass of a larger number of smaller balls or particles of granulate comparable to them in mass. By pressing the core material on the pressed balls or granulate particles, sharp edges are formed that increase the effect of the fragments.

From international publications WO 01/20244 A1 and WO 01/20245 A1, deformation bullets are known, each of which consists of two massive cores, one core being the so-called penetrator located in the stern, respectively, in the bow of the bullet, and in a decisive way the decisive nature of the fragmentation and, in particular, the nature of the deformation of the bullet. These bullets have a slight loss of mass of the nuclei and the formation of an outlet with a certain residual value of the bullet.

From the international publication WO 97/20185, a small-caliber bullet with two cores is known, the core at the sharp end of the bullet being made of hard metal such as iron, tungsten, molybdenum or their alloys, and the core located behind it, on the contrary, is made of pressed or sintered metal or non-metal powder.

US Pat. No. 4,993,996 describes a sintered ceramic bullet.

German patent application DE 10239910 A1 discloses a crushing hunting bullet as a shell bullet, the core of which consists of balls or granules of metallic material, the balls or granules being compressed without the formation of shrinkage shells, whereby the intended break points are formed in the core.

PCT publication WO 00/73728 A2 describes a bullet which has a solid metal core at the sharp end as a penetrator and in which the second core is made of a cold-pressed mixture of a solid metal powder, such as tungsten, and a light metal powder, such as tin, with a binder being added to the mixture.

European patent application EP 0997700 A1 describes a method for manufacturing a shell bullet with a low content of harmful substances and a bullet made by this method. The bullet has a core of a mixture of tungsten powder and a lubricant and a release agent, such as calcium stearate. The core is closed at the end of the bullet with a leveling and sealing compound, such as tin.

The basis of the invention was the task of further improving the nature of the fragmentation of a bullet having such a structure.

This problem is solved in that the bullets proposed in the invention have one massive core located in their aft or fore part, i.e. a core of solid material, and the second, located in front of or behind the massive core, the core, which is not massive and, in turn, is divided into one, two or more sections.

If the first core consists of balls or granules pressed without shrinkage shells, then the second section, consisting of powder pressed without shrinkage shells, can be, if you look in the direction of the shot, in front of part of balls or granules pressed without shrinkage shells or behind this part . The pressing of both sections can be carried out simultaneously or separately. Balls or particles of granulate, as well as powder can also be made of various materials, which may differ from the material of the massive core, however, when forming the nuclei, it is necessary that the optimum position of the center of gravity is guaranteed taking into account the requirements of ballistics.

The size of the balls or granulate, depending on the caliber, ranges from 1 mm to 12 mm, preferably from 3 mm to 6 m. Balls of larger diameter are used, for example, with caliber 50. All metal materials are suitable as materials for balls and granulate that can be pressed without shrinkage shells and suitable as materials for bullets. Balls or particles of granules of different sizes can also be pressed together into a core portion of balls or granulate. The dimensions should be consistent with each other so that small balls or particles of granulate fill the voids between large balls or particles of granulate. The grain size of the powder is determined by the desired energy return and the deep action of the individual powder particles in the target. Large particles of powder have a strong deep effect, small particles of powder, on the contrary, have only a slight deep effect, in particular, in the body of a wild animal. The grain size of the powder ranges from 50 μm to 1 mm. The pressing pressure is determined by the size of the grain and preferably lies in the range from 1.5 to 4 tons. It is also advisable to use cermet materials and binders, and when using materials that are more difficult to compress, the binder can fill the voids between the pressed materials.

The pellets or particles of the granulate can be coated with a release agent before they are compressed to ensure their best separation in the target. Suitable release agents are, for example, graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon).

Bullet cores from balls or granulate particles can be compressed in a bullet shell or pre-made, i.e. pre-pressed without shrinkage shells in a bullet form, and placed in a bullet shell.

Bullet cores can be introduced and compressed individually in the desired sequence. The result is a core structure with a clear separation between the various compressed parts of the core.

A massive core can also consist of compressed balls or granules, and pressing without shrinkage shells must be carried out to a very high degree. It is also possible to use a massive core of highly compacted cermet materials.

A bullet with a compact core and a compressed core can also consist only of crushed material, such as pellets, granules or powder.

If it is necessary that the fragmentation of a bullet occurs even when it hits the target or at a small penetration depth, respectively, at lower bullet speeds, then it is advisable to provide for the intended break points in the shell. The designated break points extend axially and lie on the inside of the shell, preferably in the live part. The fragmentation of a bullet may be affected by the number and position of the intended break points in the shell. The closer to the sharp end of the bullet the intended break points are located, the sooner the shell will take on a mushroom shape and break up into fragments. As other designated break points, there may be recesses radially extending along the outer circumference, such as, for example, the sharp edge of hunting bullets. The edge of separation, for example, a sharp edge, in the transition to the massive core causes separation of the shell. Holding grooves, in contrast, contribute to the retention of the shell of the bullet on the bullet core.

Suitable materials for the sheath are, in particular, copper, copper alloys, clad steel, soft magnetic iron and zinc alloys with tin.

The considered structure of the bullet core is suitable for all types of bullets capable of partial fragmentation. The shown possibilities of forming a bullet core make it possible to produce bullets that are appropriate for their purpose and provide at any speed that the bullet has when meeting with an obstacle the optimal effect due to their fragmentation pattern, which is consistent with the indicated speed.

Below the present invention is explained in more detail with examples of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings schematically show:

1 bullet with a partial shell as a partially fragmentable bullet, shown in the context of one side, with a massive feed core and a nasal core, which is divided into two parts, of which the pointed part consists of balls or granules, and the next one consists of powder both of which are pressed without shrinkage shells;

figure 2 bullet with a partial shell as a partially fragmentable bullet, shown in half section, with a massive feed core and the nasal core, which is also divided into two parts, of which the pointed part consists of powder, and the next one consists of balls or granules both of which are pressed without shrinkage shells;

figure 3 bullet with a partial shell as a partially fragmentable bullet, shown in half section, with the location of the core in accordance with figure 1, moreover, the shell and the feed core are made as a whole;

4 bullet with a partial shell as a partially fragmentable bullet, depicted in half section, with a massive nasal core and a fodder core, which is divided into two parts, of which the aft part consists of balls or granules, and the preceding one consists of powder, and both are pressed without shrinkage shells;

5 bullet with a partial shell as a partially fragmentable bullet, depicted in half section, with a massive nasal core and fodder core, which is also divided into two parts, of which the aft part consists of powder, and the previous one consists of balls or granules, moreover, both are pressed without shrinkage shells;

Fig.6 bullet with a partial shell, shown in half section, with the location of the core in accordance with Fig.5, and the shell further has a sharp edge and two retaining grooves.

Figure 1 shows a bullet 1 with a partial shell. A massive core 3 of material suitable for the manufacture of a bullet core is inserted into a previously unformed open bullet shell 2. Then the shell is filled with the material of the second, nasal core 4, which has two parts 4A and 4b. The part of the nasal core 4 located closer to the sharp end of the bullet 8, i.e. part 4a, consists of balls or particles of granulate, compressed without shrinkage shells. The subsequent part 4b consists of a powder pressed without shrinkage shells. Each of both parts 4a and 4b is pre-pressed separately into its shape and then inserted into the bullet shell 2. However, they can also be directly pressed into the shell.

Then the shown bullet form is crimped by the bullet shell 2. The shell 2 is not closed in the bow part 6 of the bullet. From the opening 7 of the shell 2 protrudes the bullet core 3 and forms the sharp end 8 of the bullet. In the lively section 9, on the inner side of the shell 2, in the direction of the axis 10 of the bullet 1, there are designated break points in the form of grooves pressed into the shell 11. In the aft part 12 of the bullet 1 there is a spherical bowl 13, which is designed to stabilize the movement of the bullet and thereby increase accuracy.

The bullet in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 also has a nasal core 4 divided into two parts. The difference between this example and the one discussed above is that in this example, the part 4a made of balls or granulate particles pressed without shrinkage shells, and part 4b, made of powder, pressed without shrinkage shells, swapped. Part 4b forms the sharp end 8 of the bullet.

The principle of operation of all the described bullets is that the compact core creates the desired outlet, the balls or granules produce a strong deep effect in the body of wild animals, and the powder causes a strong shock.

The size ratio of the individual compressed parts of the nuclei is selected in accordance with the weight of the bullet, caliber and the desired effect in the body of a wild animal.

For example:

a) Strong deep action is required. Optimal:

- compact core for the outlet

- a large proportion of bullets or granules

- a small fraction of the powder

b) Depth action required for big game. Optimal:

- large compact core for the outlet

- a large proportion of bullets or granules

- a small fraction of the powder

c) Strong shock effect required. Optimal:

- compact core for the outlet

- a large proportion of powder

- a small proportion of bullets or granules.

After hitting the target, the bullet shell opens, the compressed core disintegrates into its individual parts and gives off energy to the body of a wild animal. Thanks to the compressed core, with each shot an equal return of energy to the body of a wild animal occurs. The fragmentation of a bullet of this type does not depend on the speed that the bullet has when it encounters an obstacle, because the compressed core is fragmented at both high and low speeds. In the case of cores made of cermet materials or in the presence of binders in the compressed core, the fragmentation of the core can be controlled by changing the density of the cermet material, respectively changing the proportion of the binder.

The size ratio of the individual compressed parts of the nuclei is selected in accordance with the desired shock effect and deep action in the body of a wild animal. If 50% of the nuclei consist of compressed powder, then a strong shock effect with a deep effect occurs depending on the size of the powder particles. If 20% of the cores are composed of compressed powder, then there is a weak shock effect with a deep effect. Destruction in the body of a wild animal occurs depending on the size of the powder particles.

The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is similar to the example in FIG. 1. The difference is that the feed core 14 and the shell 15 are made in the form of a single whole. The shell 15 is molded from the material of the feed core 14 by the deep drawing method and covers the nasal core 4 with both parts 4a and 4b, and the part named last forms the sharp end 8 of the bullet. The principle of operation is the same as in the examples shown in figures 1 and 2.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 differs from the previous examples in principle in that the nasal core 4 is a massive core. Bullet 20 is also a partial shell bullet. In the initially unformed open bullet shell 21, first of all, material for the feed core 22 is introduced. The feed core is divided into two parts. The portion 22a lying closer to the stern 30 consists of balls or granules pressed without shrinkage shells. The subsequent portion 22b consists of a powder pressed without shrinkage shells. Each of the two parts 22a and 22b is previously separately pressed into its shape and then inserted into the bullet shell 21. Then a massive core 24 of the material suitable for the bullet core is inserted as the nasal core and the bullet shape is crimped by the bullet shell 21. The bullet shell 21 is not closed in bow 25 bullets. From the hole 26 of the shell 21 protrudes the bullet core 24 and forms the sharp end 27 of the bullet. In the lively section 28, on the inner side of the shell 21, in the direction of the axis 29 of the bullet 20, there are designated break points in the form of grooves pressed into the shell 30. In the aft part 31 of the bullet 20 there is a spherical bowl 32, which is designed to stabilize the movement of the bullet and thereby increase accuracy.

This type of bullet is comparable to a penetrator. The principle of operation differs from that shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in that the compressed core with powder, balls or granulate only acts when the bullet shell exfoliates and releases the compressed core.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a feed core 22 is also provided, divided into two parts. The difference from the previous example is that in this example, the part 22a made of balls or granulate particles pressed without shrinkage shells, and the part 22b made of powder pressed without shrinkage shells are interchanged.

The edge of the separation causes the separation of the material in the transition to the massive core. Holding grooves, in contrast, contribute to the retention of the shell of the bullet on the bullet core.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is similar to the example shown in FIG. 4. The difference is that the bullet shell 21 has additional features. In the cylindrical part of the bullet 20 is the so-called sharp edge 33, i.e. a recess with a sharp edge made on the outer circumference of the shell 21, which on the hunting bullets, on the one hand, causes the formation of a clean inlet in the back of a wild animal, and on the other hand, forms another intended break point during fragmentation of the shell 21. In addition, the outer circumference of the shell 21 are two more retaining grooves 34. When the shell is deformed, the core is fixed. In addition, these retaining grooves 34 contribute to the reduction of friction in the body of the animal. Additional features of the bullet shell are not limited to this embodiment. The exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-5 may also be provided with a sharp edge and / or at least one retaining groove.

Claims (25)

1. Partially crushable shell bullet having two cores of which one core is made of a material suitable for the manufacture of bullets, characterized in that the second core is divided into two parts, one of which consists of balls or granules of metallic materials, and the second consists from metal or ceramic powder, while balls or granules, as well as the powder are pressed without shrinkage shells. 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the massive bullet core forms the stern of the bullet. 3. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the massive bullet core is located in the bow of the bullet and forms the sharp end of the bullet. 4. The bullet according to claim 2, characterized in that the part of the balls or granulate divided into two parts of the bullet core forms the sharp end of the bullet, and the second part of the powder is located behind this part, if you look in the direction of flight of the bullet. 5. The bullet according to claim 2, characterized in that for the bullet core divided into two parts, the powder part forms the sharp end of the bullet, and the part of the balls or granulate is located behind this part, if you look in the direction of the bullet’s flight. 6. The bullet according to claim 3, characterized in that the part of the balls or granulate divided into two parts of the bullet core forms a stern part, and the second part of the powder is located in front of this part, if you look in the direction of flight of the bullet. 7. The bullet according to claim 3, characterized in that for the bullet core divided into two parts, the powder part forms the stern part, and the part of the balls or granulate is located in front of this part, if you look in the direction of the bullet’s flight. 8. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the balls or granules, depending on the caliber, is in the range from 1 to 12 mm, preferably from 3 to 6 mm. 9. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain size of the powder is in the range from 5 μm to 1 mm. 10. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder is a ceramic powder. 11. The bullet of claim 10, wherein the powder is alumina, or zirconium oxide, or silicon nitride. 12. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that this compressed powder is mixed with binders or with material filling the shrink shells. 13. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that in the nuclear part of the bullet core, consisting of granulate or balls, balls or particles of granulate of different sizes are pressed together. 14. The bullet according to item 13, wherein the size of the balls or particles of granulate is coordinated with each other so that small balls or particles of granulate fill the voids between large balls or particles of granulate. 15. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the granulate or balls are made of materials other than the material of the massive core. 16. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the second core are made of various materials. 17. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the balls or particles of granulate are coated with a separating substance. 18. The bullet according to 17, characterized in that the separating substance is graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene. 19. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet cores are inserted into the shells in a pre-assembled form. 20. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet shell has the intended break points. 21. The bullet according to claim 20, characterized in that the intended break points extend in the direction of the bullet axis. 22. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the bullet shell are copper, copper alloys, clad steel, soft magnetic iron or zinc alloys with tin. 23. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that in the stern of the bullet a spherical bowl is made. 24. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a sharp edge on its outer circumference. 25. The bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it has retaining grooves on its outer circumference.

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