EP1656533B1 - Partial decomposition projectile with a massive core and a core made of pressed powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The decomposition of a projectile in a target body, particularly a hunting projectile in wild animals after penetration therein, determines the energy output of the projectile and thereby the effect of the shot. For projectiles with double cores, the properties of the ingredients used in the cores decisively affect the decomposition and particularly the deformation behavior of the cores. According to the invention, a partial decomposition projectile comprising two cores is provided with one solid core (3) made of a material suited to said projectile and the second core (4) is made of a powder (5) consisting of metal or ceramic ingredients, said powder being pressed to become free of shrink holes, in order to improve decomposition behavior control.

Description

The invention relates to a partial separation projectile according to the preamble of the first claim.

The dismantling of a bullet in the target body, especially a hunting bullet in the game after penetration into these, determines the energy output of the projectile and thus the effect of the shot. In weak game, for example, a different decomposition is required than in large game. From the DE 102 39 910 A1 is a decaying hunting ground known as a mantle projectile. It may be both a Teilmantel- and a solid shell projectile, the bullet core of balls or granules, pressed voids free, consists of a metallic material. Suitable materials for the balls or granules are all materials that can be pressed into a void-free core, including lead or lead-containing alloys. For reasons of environmental protection, to advantageously avoid contamination of the soil and venison, lead-free materials are preferably used.

The compressed bullet core made of bullets or granules held by the bullet jacket breaks apart with the bullet jacket on impact in the target body differently than a solid core. The diameter of the balls or the grain size of the granules determine both the energy output, as well as the predetermined breaking points in the bullet core and thus the size of the resulting parts of his decomposition. Larger balls or granules penetrate deeper into the target medium and cause a deeper penetrating destruction channel in the tissue than a comparable number of smaller balls or granules particles. By pressing the material of the core, sharp edges are formed on the compressed balls or granule particles, which increase the effect of the splinters.

From the WO 01/20244 A1 and from the WO 01/20245 A1 Deformation projectiles are known, each consisting of two massive cores, with a core of the so-called penetrator, which is arranged in the rear or in the projectile bow and significantly affects the decomposition and in particular the deformation behavior of the projectile. In these projectiles there is a small mass loss of the cores and a reject with a defined residual size of the projectile.

From the Scriptures WO 97/20185 (Basis for claim 1) a bullet for small caliber with two cores is known, wherein the core in the bullet tip of a hard metal such as iron, tungsten, molybdenum or alloys thereof, and the core arranged behind it on the other hand made of a soft material. The second core may be made of, for example, a pressed or sintered metallic or non-metallic powder. As an example of a non-metallic powder, calcium carbonate, which is not a ceramic material, is given.

By doing U.S. Patent 4,939,996 describes a projectile whose core consists entirely of sintered, so not powdered ceramic.

In the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10239910 A1 is presented a disassembled hunting projectile as a mantle projectile whose core consists of balls or granules in the size of 1 mm to 12 mm of a metallic material, wherein the balls or granules are compressed voids free and thereby predetermined breaking points in the core arise.

In the PCT publication WO 00/73728 A2 describes a projectile which has a hard metal core as a penetrator in the projectile nose and in which the second core consists of a cold-pressed mixture of hard metal powder, for example tungsten, and light metal powder, for example tin, with a binder being added to the mixture.

In the European patent application EP 0997700 A1 For example, a method for producing a low-emission jacket bullet and a projectile subsequently produced are described. The projectile has a core of a mixture of tungsten powder and a lubricant and lubricant, for example calcium stearate. The core is completed at the end of the projectile by a leveling and sealing compound, such as tin, but does not have the function of a core.

The object of the invention is to further improve the decomposition behavior of a bullet with two cores.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The projectiles according to the invention each have a solid core, i. a core made of solid material, in the rear or in the Geschoßbug and a second core, which is not solid, but consists of void-free pressed ceramic powder and is located in front of or behind the massive core. The solid core and the powder core are made of different materials, whereby the design of the cores, the optimal balance position must be guaranteed in terms of ballistics.

The grain size of the powder depends on the desired energy release and depth effect of the individual powder particles in the target body. Large powder particles have a high depth effect, small powder particles, however, have only a low depth effect, especially in the game. The grain size of the powder is therefore, depending on the desired effect, between 5 microns and 1 mm.

Sintering materials and binders are likewise advantageous, it being possible for binders to sit between the pressed powder particles as filler material in the case of poorly compressible materials.

The bullet core of powder may be crimped or prefabricated in the shell, i. pressed into the projectile shape void-free, are introduced into the mantle.

The pressing pressure depends on the grain size and is preferably between 1.5 and 4 tons.

If a decomposition of the projectile is already desired on impact or in low penetration depth or at lower projectile speeds, predetermined breaking points in the jacket are advantageous. The predetermined breaking points extend in the axial direction and lie on the inside of the jacket, preferably in the ogival region. The dismantling of the projectile can be influenced by the number and position of the predetermined breaking points in the mantle. The closer the predetermined breaking points are to the top of the projectile, the sooner the mantle mushrooms and breaks up into splinters. Other predetermined breaking points may be on the outer circumference radially extending notches such as a sharp edge in hunting bullets. A tear-off edge, for example a sharp edge, at the transition to the solid core causes the jacket to tear off. Holding grooves, on the other hand, cause the projectile shell to be retained on the projectile core.

In particular, copper, its alloys, plated steel, soft iron and zinc-tin alloys are suitable as materials for the jacket.

As a fully jacketed bullet with a completely compressed core, it can be used as a practice floor. The advantages are free of pollutants in the prevention of lead materials. When the projectile strikes a bullet trap, the mantle mushrooms, tears and the core immediately breaks down into its individual parts, destroying all of its stored energy. As a result, damage to the ball catch are advantageously avoided.

The massive core can also consist of pressed balls or granules, with a high, void-free compression is beneficial. A solid core of sintered materials is also possible.

The core of a solid shell or a partial shell projectile can also consist entirely of pressed powder. Such a projectile would be usable as a training projectile.

The described structure of the bullet core is suitable for all types of bullets that are teilzerlegbar. Due to the shown design possibilities of the core of a projectile, it is possible to produce projectiles which are matched to the respective intended use and which at each impact speed achieve an optimum effect on account of their coordinated disassembly behavior.

Reference to exemplary embodiments, the invention is explained in detail.

Figur 1

ein Teilmantelgeschoss als Teilzerlegungsgeschoss, halbseitig im Schnitt dargestellt, mit massivem Heckkern und einem Bugkern aus lunkerfrei verpresstem Pulver,

Figur 2

ein Teilmantelgeschoss als Teilzerlegungsgeschoss, Kernanordnung entsprechend Figur 1, halbseitig im Schnitt dargestellt, mit massivem Heckkern und einem Bugkern, wobei der Mantel und der Heckkern einstückig sind,

Figur 3

ein Teilmantelgeschoss, halbseitig im Schnitt dargestellt, mit massivem Bugkern und einem Heckkern aus lunkerfrei verpresstem Pulver, und

Figur 4

ein Teilmantelgeschoss als Teilzerlegungsgeschoss, Kernanordnung entsprechend Figur 3, halbseitig im Schnitt dargestellt, bei dem der Mantel zusätzlich einen Scharfrand und zwei Halterillen trägt.

In a schematic representation:

FIG. 1

a part-shell projectile as a partial decomposition projectile, shown on one side in section, with a massive tail core and a bow core made of non-vandalized compressed powder,

FIG. 2

a partial jacket floor as a partial separation projectile, corresponding to the core arrangement FIG. 1 , shown in section on one side, with a solid rear core and a bow core, whereby the jacket and the rear core are in one piece,

FIG. 3

a partial mantle projectile, shown in section on one side, with solid bow core and a tail core made of non-vitrified compacted powder, and

FIG. 4

a partial jacket floor as a partial separation projectile, corresponding to the core arrangement FIG. 3 , shown on one side in section, in which the coat also has a sharp edge and two holding grooves.

In FIG. 1 a partial jacket floor 1 is shown. In the initially undeformed, open shell casing 2, a solid core 3 is used from a suitable material for a bullet core. Then, a suitable powder 5 is filled and then compressed free of voids to the second core 4. As powder material are materials such as ball or Granulatteile, Sintered metals and binders. Subsequently, the projectile casing 1 is pulled onto the illustrated projectile shape. The projectile casing 2 is not closed in Geschossbug 6. From the opening 7 of the casing 2, the projectile core 3 protrudes and forms the projectile nose 8. In the ogival region 9, predetermined breaking points in the form of grooves pressed into the casing 2 run on the inside of the casing 2 in the direction of the axis 10 of the projectile 1 Rear 12 of the projectile 1 is to stabilize the projectile movement and thus to increase the precision of a cap 13.

After striking the target body, the projectile shell opens, the compressed core disassembles into its individual parts and gives off the desired energy to the venison. Due to the compressed core, the same energy release occurs in game on each storey. The decomposition of this type of bullet is independent of the impact velocity, because the compressed core decomposes at both high and low impact velocity. For cores made of sintered materials or with binders in the pressed core, the decomposition of the core can be controlled by the sintering density or the binder fraction.

The size ratios of the two cores depend on the desired shock effect and depth effect in the game. If 50% of the core of compressed powder is present, the result is a high shock effect with depth effect, depending on the powder particle size. At 20% of the core of compressed powder produces a low shock effect with depth effect. The destruction of venison takes place depending on the powder particle size.

The embodiment according to FIG. 2 is with the after FIG. 1 comparable. The difference is that the tail core 14 and the jacket 15 are integral. The jacket 15 has been formed from the material of the tail core 14 by deep drawing and surrounds the nose cone 4 made of pressed powder 5, which forms the projectile nose 8. The benefits are similar to those in the FIG. 1 bullet described.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs fundamentally from the previous embodiments in that the bow core is the solid core. The projectile 20 is likewise a part-shell projectile. In the initially undeformed, open shell casing 21, the core material for the tail core 22, the powder 23 is first filled, and then pressed free of voids. Thereafter, a solid core 24 is used from a suitable material for a bullet core as a bow core. Subsequently, the projectile casing 21 is pulled onto the illustrated projectile shape. The projectile casing 21 is not closed in Geschossbug 25. From the opening 26 of the casing 21, the projectile core 24 protrudes and forms the projectile tip 27. In the ogival region 28 predetermined break points in the form of grooves pressed into the casing 21 extend on the inside of the casing 21 in the direction of the axis 29 of the projectile Rear 31 of the projectile 20 is to stabilize the projectile movement and thus to increase the precision of a dome 32nd

The embodiment according to FIG. 4 is with the after FIG. 3 comparable. The difference is that the projectile casing 21 has further features. In the cylindrical portion of the projectile 20 there is a so-called sharp edge 33, located on the outer circumference of the shell 21 notch with a sharp edge on the one hand, a clean shot in the ceiling of the game on hunting and on the other hand another breaking point in the decomposition of the game Mantels 21 forms. Furthermore, there are still two holding grooves 34 on the circumference of the shell 21. By deformation of the shell of the core is fixed. In addition, these holding grooves 34 contribute to the reduction of friction in the gun barrel. The additional features of the bullet jacket are not limited to the present embodiment. Also, the embodiments of the FIGS. 1 to 3 can be equipped with a sharp edge and / or at least one retaining groove. With demolition edges, for example in the form of a sharp edge, and holding grooves, as described above, the disassembly of the projectile can be controlled.

Claims (14)

1. A disintegrating bullet in the form of a jacketed bullet, the bullet (1) comprising two cores, of which the one core (3; 14; 24) consists, in solid form, of a material suitable for bullets, characterised in that the second core (4; 22) consists of powder (5; 23) made from ceramic materials, in that the particle size of the powder (5; 23) is between 5 µm and 1 mm, and in that the powder is compressed without cavities.
2. A disintegrating bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the solid bullet core (3) forms the tail (12) of the bullet (1).
3. A disintegrating bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the solid bullet core (24) is arranged in the nose (25) of the bullet (20) and forms the bullet tip (27).
4. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the ceramic powder (5; 23) is aluminium oxide or zirconium oxide or silicon nitride.
5. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that when the powder is compressed it is mixed with binders or with cavity-filling material.
6. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the bullet cores (3, 4; 22, 24) are introduced into the jackets (2; 15; 21) in prefabricated form or are compressed in the jacket.
7. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the solid core consists of compressed balls or granules.
8. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the solid core consists of sintered material.
9. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the bullet jacket (2, 15; 21) has predetermined breaking points (11; 30).
10. A disintegrating bullet according to claim 9, characterised in that the predetermined breaking points (11; 30) extend in the direction of the bullet axis (10; 29).
11. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the material of the bullet jacket (2, 15; 21) is copper, alloys thereof, plated steel, soft iron or zinc/tin alloys.
12. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the bullet (1; 20) has a spherical indentation (13; 32) in the tail region (12; 31).
13. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the bullet (20) has a sharp edge (33) on its outer perimeter.
14. A disintegrating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the bullet (20) has holding grooves (34) on its outer perimeter.

Images