EP1214988A2 - Device for producing moulded parts from a compactable material; vibrating table and vibration generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The molded component producing device includes a gyroscope (8). The gyroscope axis (K) is not parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the main shaft (6). There are drives to rotate both the main shaft and the gyroscope about their respective axes. Vibrations are induced by a device having one or more unbalanced weights (10) on the main shaft.

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a device for producing molded parts a compactable mixture, in which the compaction under action of mechanical vibrations. Such devices include one Device for coupling mechanical vibrations into the compressible Batch, a vibrating body, which is connected to the coupling device is, as well as a main shaft on the vibrating body about its longitudinal axis is rotatably mounted.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a vibrating table and to a vibration exciter.

State of the art

Devices of the type mentioned are for the production of concrete pipes already well known. Examples include DE 43 17 351 A1 and described in DE 196 43 978 C2. In these known devices the still undensified concrete is put into a mold, which is a Has core in the form of a hollow tube. For compacting the filled concrete the core is excited to oscillations or vibrations. The generation of mechanical Vibrations take place by means of a shaft arranged in the core the unbalanced masses are fastened and set in rotation by an electric motor becomes.

The bearings of the shaft are rigidly connected to the core, so that by unbalance excitation generated vibrations over the core on the compressible Batch can act. The distribution of the surface acceleration is corresponding of the core along its longitudinal axis for the attainable Compaction of the batch and thus for the quality of the product made from it Shaped body of great importance.

A relative movement often takes place, particularly in the manufacture of pipes between the core and other sections of the mold, so that the molded part to be produced, for example a pipe, is built up successively. Usually is used in the manufacture of tubes or similar hollow bodies with cores worked, which are aligned in their operating position in the vertical direction. The core is either fixed or it is from below in the outer jacket of the mold introduced. From the relative movement between the Core and the mold as well as the rising during the molding of the molded part The degree of filling of the mold results in the desire to determine the vibration behavior to adapt the core to the flow of the manufacturing process in order to Influence the degree of compaction in the molded part as precisely as possible to be able to.

In conventional devices, for example, the mechanical vibrations influenced by the speed of the main shaft. In addition, there is Possibility to determine the surface accelerations and amplitudes of the core via the To influence the arrangement of the unbalance masses. For example, unbalance measures can be used in several parallel planes along the longitudinal axis of the Main shaft are provided. By varying the individual unbalanced masses tilting vibrations can also be corrected in the respective levels be set specifically. To the vibration behavior of such a core adjustment, it is usually necessary to retrofit the entire device, for which in particular the core and the facilities included in it need to be rebuilt.

In DE 43 17 351 A1, already mentioned, is used to influence the oscillation amplitude proposed to arrange two parallel waves in the core, the are each provided with unbalanced masses. Through targeted control of the Rotation of the two shafts are complementary to those generated by the unbalanced masses Vibrations or cancel each other out. A disassembly of the core is not necessary for this. However, the options for influencing the Vibration behavior on a superposition of the vibrations of the two Main shafts limited, d. H. it is just a variation of the vibration amplitude by setting a defined phase difference between the rotary movements of the two waves possible.

Another possibility for changing the vibration behavior is the Using a continuously adjustable hydraulic centrifugal actuator, such as he is known for example from DE 196 43 978 C2. The one proposed there However, the solution is structurally very complex.

Description of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object of alternatives for generating vibrations and to show the influence of vibrations.

For this purpose, a device of the type mentioned at the beginning is proposed, in which at least one gyro connected to the main shaft and around a gyro axis is rotatable, the gyro axis being non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main shaft is arranged and further drive means are provided to the main shaft and set the gyroscope in rotation about its respective axis.

In operation, the gyro rotates about its gyro axis. Furthermore, the top is one Subject to forced rotation about the longitudinal axis of the main shaft. The resulting Reaction moments try to turn the gyro so that the axis of the Rotary rotation and the axis of the forced rotation in the same direction parallel to each other are aligned. However, by connecting the gyro to the main shaft prevents such a relative movement. Rather, the reaction moment leads whose vector is essentially perpendicular to the gyro axis and the longitudinal axis is to a tilting moment on the vibrating body, which with the speed of the Main shaft revolves. Accordingly, the vibration amplitudes vary along the longitudinal axis of the main shaft. This is with the in DE 43 17 351 A1 and Devices disclosed in DE 196 43 978 C2 are not readily possible.

In an advantageous embodiment, the coupling device is, for example a section of a mold. The vibration exciter is attached to this its vibrating body connected directly or via additional spring elements. For example, a ring can be formed on the molding tool surrounds the vibrating body in the manner of a cuff.

The coupling device is preferably a core of a hollow or tubular shape, which resiliently mounted compared to other sections of the hollow or tubular shape is. Especially in pipe manufacturing processes in which the structure of the Pipe is successively carried out by supplying a compactable mixture. allows the circumferential tilting movement caused by the gyro reaction moments the core is generated, the largest vibration amplitudes in the area of the straight freshly filled batch, which is particularly effective in this way is compressed.

In a particularly space-saving design, the core takes that Main shaft at least partially. Preferably the entire vibration exciter largely housed within the core. This makes it special easily possible, its rotating elements against contamination to protect.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the device, the core is in the operating position aligned with its longitudinal axis in the vertical direction and at its lower end resiliently mounted, however, at its upper axial end untied, so that he can swing freely there. This is especially true in pipe manufacturing with ascending or standing core for the compaction of the batch advantageous. The gyroscope can, for example, be in the operating position within the core in an upper end section of the core or even halfway up the same to be ordered.

The principle of vibration excitation explained above can be applied to further devices, for example, can be applied to a vibrating table. Accordingly a vibrating table is proposed here, which comprises the following: a Swinging body in the form of a table, which is supported on a foundation by elastic means is a main shaft that is rotatable on the vibrating body about its longitudinal axis is stored, at least one gyro, which is connected to the main shaft and around a gyro axis is rotatable, the gyro axis being non-parallel to the longitudinal axis the main shaft is arranged, and drive means to the main shaft and the Set gyroscope to rotate around its respective axis.

The vibration excitation via the gyro can serve as correction excitation. The primary excitation can be an imbalance excitation, for which it is advantageous Design of the above-described device or the vibrating table the main shaft one or more unbalanced masses are provided. These are running then at the speed of the main shaft and generate, for example, on one Core of a hollow or tubular shape, essentially circular excitation forces.

By matching the unbalance masses and the speed of the The main shaft and the speed of the gyro can cause the primary excitation through the unbalance excitation done while the gyro excitation is used to target Tilt vibration to superimpose or disruptive tilting movements to compensate or correct.

Accordingly, a vibration exciter is still proposed, which in Includes: a vibrating body, a main shaft attached to the vibrating body one or more unbalanced masses are mounted rotatably about their longitudinal axis, which are provided on the main shaft, at least one gyro connected to the Main shaft connected and rotatable about a gyro axis, the gyro axis is arranged non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main shaft and drive means, to set the main shaft and the gyroscope in rotation about their respective axes.

Such a vibration exciter, the unbalance excitation with a gyro excitation combined, is for a variety of applications, especially in process engineering suitable and not for the devices mentioned above Manufacture of molded parts or limited to vibrating tables.

The gyroscope can, for example, be arranged between two unbalanced masses. However, it is also possible to use the gyroscope at a free end section of the main shaft to install. In the latter case, the gyroscope can also be mounted on a fly Sitting end section of the main shaft.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, one or more are Gyros are provided on the main shaft, each rotatable about its gyro axis are, the gyro axis is arranged non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main shaft is. As a result, the effect of the first gyroscope can be enhanced. moreover it is possible to overlay different gyro excitations by for example, the speeds of the gyros can be controlled individually.

The gyro (s) are preferably arranged in such a way that the gyro axis or the gyroscopic axes intersect the longitudinal axis of the main shaft.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the gyro axis or the Gyroscopic axes with the longitudinal axis of the main shaft an angle of 90 °, whereby large tilting moments can be achieved with relatively small gyro masses.

The circular axes of two identical rotors are preferably coaxial with one another. In this case, the gyroscopes themselves do not act as an unbalanced mass. To avoid disturbing torques, it is advantageous if the gyro axis with the Axis of symmetry of the associated gyro coincides.

In a further advantageous embodiment is for the main shaft and for the Gyro each have a separate, speed-controllable drive device. This allows the vibration behavior of the vibration exciter through a Set variation of speed and direction of rotation. By varying the gyro speed can the superimposed overturning moment, which with the speed of the Main shaft rotates, enlarged or reduced.

The gyro is preferably coupled to a speed-controllable gyro motor, the gyro motor is attached to the main shaft. This allows one particularly compact design of the vibration exciter. The centrifugal motor can be a Be an electric motor. However, it is also possible to use a hydraulic or pneumatic one Engine.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the energy supply to the centrifugal motor is a section of the main shaft leading to the centrifugal motor as a hollow shaft educated. Through this hollow shaft, for example, an electrical supply line, but also a hydraulic or pneumatic line to the centrifugal motor be performed.

In an alternative embodiment, the main shaft and the gyroscope driven by a common drive device, the drive device is coupled to the main shaft and that with the main shaft about the longitudinal axis rotating gyroscope guided directly or via a gear on the vibrating body is. A separate drive for the gyro (s) is not necessary in this case, so that there is a particularly simple structure. However, they are Possibilities of speed variation for the gyroscope are somewhat limited here.

Furthermore, a further main shaft can be parallel to the first on the vibrating body Main shaft are stored on the turn, in correspondence to the first Main shaft, at least one gyro is provided. In addition, there are other drive means provided in correspondence to the first drive means to the further To set the main shaft and the other gyro (s) in rotation. By a targeted coordination of the rotational speeds and the phase angle of the Main shafts to each other result in a very high variability of the excitable ones Vibrations.

Preferably, one or more unbalanced masses are in turn on each of the shafts intended. If the directions of rotation move in opposite directions Main shafts can hereby, for example, a directional component of the unbalance excitation be completely compensated for, so that an unbalance-induced Vibration movement in the form of a back and forth movement along an axis can be generated depending on the control of the gyro speeds additional Tilting movements are superimposed.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig.1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formteilen aus einem verdichtungsfähigen Gemenge mit einem Schwingungserreger zur Verdichtung des Gemenges,

Fig.2

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Formteilen mit einem zweiten Schwingungserreger, und in

Fig.3

einen Rütteltisch mit einem weiteren Schwingungserreger.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of three exemplary embodiments. The associated drawings show in:

Fig.1

1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device for producing molded parts from a compact that can be compressed with a vibration exciter for compacting the mixture,

Fig.2

a second embodiment of a device for producing molded parts with a second vibration exciter, and in

Figure 3

a vibrating table with another vibration exciter.

Detailed description of the drawings

The first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 shows a device for producing Molded parts from a compressible batch G in the form of a pipe manufacturer with rising core. The device initially includes one in its operating position Forming tool aligned in the vertical direction with an outer shell 1, often referred to as a jacket, as well as a retractable into it from below Core 2, which has a substantially cylindrical outer shape. Fig.1 shows the State during the filling and compression of the molded part, for example one Concrete pipe. At the beginning of the manufacturing process is the core 2, which is on a machine frame 3 is supported via elastic spring elements 4, essentially completely pulled out of the outer shell 1 so that the mold just closed down.

While filling the molding tool with compactable mixture G the core 2 is moved upwards with increasing batch level. simultaneously the core 2 performs an oscillating or vibrating movement in order to mechanical To couple vibrations into the mixture G and thus between it Outer wall and the outer shell 1 of the molding mixture G to condense. There is a lot of interest in this, especially that freshly filled, still loose batches without the inclusion of voids if possible solidify, so that the highest possible surface accelerations in this area and surface amplitudes at the upper axial end portion of core 2 are desired.

A vibration exciter is provided to generate the vibrations is arranged within the core 2. This vibrator includes first a vibrating body 5 in the form of a frame or vibrator tree, which is firmly clamped to the core 2. There is a main shaft on the vibrating body 5 6 rotatably mounted, the longitudinal axis L coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the core 2nd is aligned. At an end section protruding from the core 2, for example below the main shaft 6 is an electric motor 7 as a speed-controllable drive device coupled for the main shaft 6. Instead of an electric motor 7, For example, an asynchronous motor with a frequency converter can also be a hydraulic one or pneumatically driven motor can be provided. It is too possible to a drive device arranged separately from the main shaft 6 use and the drive power for example via a chain or belt drive to transfer to the main shaft 6.

At the opposite end section of the main shaft 6, two rotors 8 are provided, whose gyro axis K is not parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the main shaft 6 are arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the gyro axis close K with the longitudinal axis L at an angle of 90 °, the gyro axis K intersect the longitudinal axis L.

The two rotors 8 are driven by a speed-controllable motor 9, the housing of which is fixed to an overhung end section of the main shaft 6 connected is. The rotor motor 9 is an electric motor here, for example, again an asynchronous motor with frequency converter. However, it can also be a hydraulic or pneumatically driven motor can be used.

Immediately below the rotor motor 9 is within the upper axial end section of the core 2 between two bearings of the main shaft 6 an unbalance mass 10 rigidly attached to the main shaft 6. When the main shaft rotates 6 generates the unbalanced mass 10 radially directed unbalance forces, the core 2 to stimulate a circumferential tilting movement so that the outer wall of the core 2 Vibrations enters the mixture G to be compressed or already compressed. A further vibration is superimposed on this unbalance excitation, which results from the rotation of the rotating gyroscope 8 about the longitudinal axis L results. This is a moment generated that orthogonal to the respective gyro axis K as well as the longitudinal axis L. is, which essentially causes a tilting vibration at the core 2 becomes. This tilting oscillation has the same excitation frequency as the unbalance excitation.

By setting the speed of the gyro 8 as well as the direction of rotation the gyro 8, can be a variety of different vibrations to generate. For example, a tilting vibration excited by the gyroscope 8 to be used, the tilting vibration generated by the unbalanced mass 10 to diminish. However, it is also possible to use their vibratory effect via the roundabout 8. The generated by the gyroscopic movement Moments can be adjusted in size with the speed of the gyro 8, so that in this way, a simple correction of the balancing masses 10 generated vibration is possible without this being necessary, the Core 2 and the vibration exciter essentially arranged in it disassemble. Disassembly can still be done in a very simple way take place by releasing the tension of the vibrating body 5 with the core 2 and the vibrating body 5 is pulled axially out of the core 2.

A second embodiment for a device for producing molded parts is shown in Fig.2. This device is also designed as a pipe maker, which, in contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, is a standing one Has core 2 as a portion of a mold. In this case there is the outer shell 1 of the mold and the core 2 during filling and Compression of the mixture G in a fixed position to each other.

Within the core 2, which rests against a foundation 11 via elastic elements 4 or a stationary machine frame is supported, is again a vibrating body 5 arranged. This vibrating body 5 is fixed via clamping devices 12 connected to the core 2. The tensioning devices 12 allow use Similar vibrating body 5 in different cores 2. On the vibrating body 5, a main shaft 6 is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis L. The drive the main shaft 6 can take place as in the first embodiment. In in the example shown in FIG. 2, however, the drive device 7 is relative to the main shaft 6 is arranged off-axis, so that the corresponding end of the Main shaft 6 remains free and can be used for other purposes if necessary. The drive power is here from the drive device 7 via a belt drive 1 3 to the Main shaft 6 transmitted.

Approximately halfway up the core 2, two rotors 8 are connected to the main shaft 6, where, as in the first embodiment, the coupling via a Centrifugal motor 9 takes place between two bearings of the main shaft 6 on the same is attached. The gyroscope 8 as well as the gyro motor 9 are as in the first embodiment trained and therefore do not need to be explained again here. The rotor motor 9 is supplied by a hollow shaft section 14 Main shaft 6 through. Through this hollow shaft section 14, for example an electrical line or a hydraulic or pneumatic supply line to the rotor motor 9.

Furthermore, two balancing masses 10 are provided on the main shaft 6, which here are each rigidly attached to an end portion of the main shaft 6. About the unbalance masses 10 are two additional storage locations for the storage of the Main shaft 6 is provided on the vibrating body 5. Furthermore, the tensioning devices 12 each arranged at the level of the balancing masses 10, so that the generated unbalance forces via the vibrating body 5 over a short distance into the core 2 be initiated.

The mode of operation of the vibration exciter corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment essentially that of the first embodiment. Here too by varying the direction of rotation as well as the speed of the gyroscope 8 Vibration excitation while filling and compacting the mold can be varied by making the unbalanced vibration a gyro-excited Vibration is superimposed.

Another example of a vibration exciter that uses the principle of gyro excitation exploits, is shown in Figure 3 using a vibrating table in which z. B. Tilting vibrations due to load differences due to gyro excitation can be compensated.

The vibrating table comprises a vibrating body 5 in the form of a table which is connected to four Place on spring-elastic elements 8 on a stationary foundation 11 is. The vibrating body 5 carries two main shafts running parallel to one another 6 and 6 ', the rotation of which is coupled via a gear 15, so that only a drive device 9 for both main shafts 6 and 6 'is required. By the Gear 15, for example a pair of gears, can have a desired speed ratio be fixed between the main shafts 6 and 6 '. Preferably both main shafts 6 and 6 'rotate at the same speed, but in reverse Rotation. Furthermore, there are 6 and 6 'unbalanced masses on each main shaft 10 or 10 'attached, arranged on both shafts in the same way are. When the main shafts 6 and 6 'rotate, the result is that shown Exemplary embodiment due to the arrangement of the unbalanced masses 10 and 10 ' Vibration excitation only in the vertical direction. In contrast, the horizontal ones stand out Centrifugal force components of the unbalance exciters due to the symmetry properties of the system against each other.

Furthermore, gyroscopes 8 and 8 'are provided on the two main shafts 6 and 6' an associated gyro motor 9 or 9 'is provided, the gyro axes also here K to the respective longitudinal axis L of the associated main shaft 6 or 6 ' are not arranged in parallel. In the third embodiment, as in FIGS two previously described embodiments, again an angle of 90 ° provided between the gyro axis K and the associated longitudinal axis L. The Gyro 8 generate rotating moments with the speed of the main shafts 6 and 6 ' in a direction orthogonal to the respective gyro axis K and the associated one Longitudinal axis L, the size u. a. depends on the respective gyro speed. Become for example, the two rotors 8 and 8 'driven at the same speed, so the horizontal moments are canceled out, while the vertical ones acting moments affect the tilting movement.

In all of the exemplary embodiments explained above, gyro-excited tilting vibrations occur used the vibration behavior of a vibration exciter to influence, this simply by changing the speed of the or the gyro is possible. In particular, this can result from unbalanced masses generated vibration are influenced, the correction torque of or the gyro is emitted in the frequency of the unbalance excitation.

It is possible in all of the exemplary embodiments described above Omit unbalance masses completely, in order to be based on the principle of To create gyro-based vibration exciters. It is also possible to replace an unbalanced mass with the mass of a gyroscope. In the simplest form, therefore, a single gyroscope can serve as a vibration exciter, of both unbalance vibrations due to its off-axis arrangement on the Main shaft as well as vibrations generated by the gyroscopic movement.

Claims (24)

Apparatus for producing molded parts from a compactable mixture, in which the compacting takes place under the action of mechanical vibrations, comprising: a device for coupling mechanical vibrations into the compressible mixture (G), a vibrating body (5) which is connected to the coupling device, a main shaft (6) which is rotatably mounted on the oscillating body (5) about its longitudinal axis (L), at least one gyroscope (8) connected to the main shaft (6) and rotatable about a gyro axis (K), the gyro axis (K) being arranged non-parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the main shaft (6), and Drive means with which the main shaft (6) and the gyro (8) are rotated about the respective axis (L, K). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling device is a section of a molding tool. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling device is designed as a core (2) of a hollow or tubular shape and is resiliently mounted in relation to other sections of the hollow or tubular shape. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the core (2) surrounds the main shaft (6) at least over a portion of its total length. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the core (2) is aligned in the operating position with its longitudinal axis (L) in the vertical direction, is resiliently mounted at its lower axial end and is thus freely swinging at its upper axial end. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gyroscope (8) is arranged within an upper end section of the core (2) in the operating position. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gyroscope (8) is arranged within the core (2) in the operating position at half the height thereof. Vibrating table, comprising: a vibrating body (5) in the form of a table which is spring-elastically supported on a foundation (11), at least one main shaft (6) which is rotatably mounted on the oscillating body (5) about its longitudinal axis (L), at least one gyroscope (8) connected to the main shaft (6) and rotatable about a gyro axis (K), the gyro axis (K) being arranged non-parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the main shaft (6), and Drive means with which the main shaft (6) and the gyro (8) are rotated about the respective axis (L, K). Device according to one of claims 1 to 7 and vibrating table according to claim 8, characterized in that one or more unbalanced masses (10) are provided on the main shaft (6). Vibration exciter, comprising: a vibrating body (5), at least one main shaft (6) which is rotatably mounted on the oscillating body (5) about its longitudinal axis (L), one or more unbalanced masses (10) which are provided on the main shaft (6), at least one gyroscope (8) connected to the main shaft (6) and rotatable about a gyro axis (K), the gyro axis (K) being arranged non-parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the main shaft (6), and Drive means with which the main shaft (6) and the gyro (8) are rotated about the respective axis (L, K). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gyroscope (8) is arranged between two unbalanced masses (10). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gyroscope (8) is arranged on a free end section of the main shaft (6). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more further gyros (8) are provided on the main shaft (6) and can be rotated about their respective gyro axis (K), the gyro axes (K) being non-parallel to the longitudinal axis ( L) the main shaft (6) are arranged. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the gyro axis (K) or gyro axes (K) intersect the longitudinal axis (L) of the main shaft (6). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gyro axis (K) or the gyro axes (K) form an angle of 90 ° with the longitudinal axis (L) of the main shaft (6). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gyro axes (K) of two identical gyros (8) are arranged coaxially to one another and the two gyros (8) are driven rotating in the same direction. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gyro axis (K) coincides with the axis of symmetry of the associated gyroscope (8). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separate speed-controllable drive device is provided for the main shaft (6) and for the rotors (8). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each rotor (8) is coupled to a speed-controllable rotor motor (9) and the rotor motor (9) is attached to the main shaft (6). Arrangement according to claim 19, characterized in that two gyros (8) are coupled to a gyro motor (9). Arrangement according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that a section (14) of the main shaft (6) connected to the centrifugal motor (9) is designed as a hollow shaft. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a common drive device is provided for the main shaft (6) and the gyroscope (8), the drive device being coupled to the main shaft (6) and being connected to the main shaft (6) about the longitudinal axis (L) rotating gyro (8) directly or via a gear on the vibrating body (5). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more further main shafts (6 ') are mounted on the vibrating body (5) parallel or in a different direction to the first main shaft (6), on which in turn at least one gyro (8') is provided, and that further drive means are provided in order to set the further main shafts (6 ') and the further gyro (8') in rotation. Arrangement according to claim 23, characterized in that one or more unbalanced masses (10 ') are provided on the further main shafts (6').

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