EP1209215A2 - Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Festtsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv - Google Patents
Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Festtsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv Download PDFInfo
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- EP1209215A2 EP1209215A2 EP01126254A EP01126254A EP1209215A2 EP 1209215 A2 EP1209215 A2 EP 1209215A2 EP 01126254 A EP01126254 A EP 01126254A EP 01126254 A EP01126254 A EP 01126254A EP 1209215 A2 EP1209215 A2 EP 1209215A2
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to mixtures of fatty acids and Paraffin dispersants with improved low-temperature stability, and their use for Improvement of the lubricating effect of middle distillate fuel oils.
- Mineral oils and mineral oil distillates used as fuel oils generally contain 0.5 wt .-% and more sulfur, when burning causes the formation of sulfur dioxide. To the resulting To reduce environmental pollution, the sulfur content of fuel oils lowered further and further.
- the diesel fuel standard EN 590 writes in Germany currently has a maximum sulfur content of 350 ppm. In Scandinavia already comes in with fuel oils with less than 50 ppm Exceptional cases with less than 10 ppm sulfur for use.
- This Fuel oils are usually made by taking those from petroleum Fractions obtained by distillation hydrogenated refined. In the Desulphurization also removes other substances that Give fuel oils a natural lubricating effect. About these substances include polyaromatic and polar compounds.
- EP-A-0 798 364 discloses salts and amides from mono- to tetracarboxylic acids 2 to 50 carbon atoms and aliphatic mono- / polyamines with 2 to 50 carbon atoms and 1 to 10 N atoms as lubricity additives for low-sulfur diesel fuel.
- Preferred amines have 8-20 C atoms, e.g. Coconut fatty amine, tallow fatty amine and Oleylamine.
- WO-A-95/33805 discloses the use of cold flow improvers to improve the lubricating effect of low-sulfur middle distillates.
- Polar nitrogen-containing compounds which contain a group NR 13 , where R 13 is a hydrocarbon radical having 8 to 40 carbon atoms and which can be in the form of a cation, are also mentioned as suitable substances.
- WO-A-96/18706 in analogy to WO-A-95/33805, discloses the use of those therein mentioned nitrogenous compounds in combination with lubricity additives.
- WO-A-96/23855 in analogy to WO-A-95/33805, discloses the use of those therein mentioned nitrogenous compounds in combination with detergent additives.
- the fatty acids used according to the prior art have the disadvantage that when stored at low temperatures, i.e. often at room temperature, mostly solidify at temperatures of 0 ° C at the latest at -5 ° C, or that separate crystalline components and cause handling problems. This Problem is also only partially due to dilution with organic solvents solve, since portions crystallize from these solutions or the solution gelled and froze. So they have to be strong for use as lubricity additives diluted, or held in heated storage containers and over heated Lines are dosed.
- the object underlying the present invention was to provide lubricity additives find that reduced the lubricating effect of middle distillates Improve dosing rates, but homogeneous, clear and in particular even in the cold remain fluid.
- Another object of the invention are cold stabilized solutions of Additives according to the invention in organic solvents, the solutions 1 to Contain 90 wt .-% solvent.
- Suitable solvents are aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures.
- the cold stabilized solutions according to the invention have an own pour point of below -40 ° C, preferably -45 ° C, especially -50 ° C.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the above Mixtures of components A and B to improve the Lubrication properties of low-sulfur middle distillates with up to 0.05% by weight Sulfur content.
- Preferred fatty acids are those with 8-40 carbon atoms, especially 12 - 22 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl residues of the fatty acids consist of essentially from carbon and hydrogen. However, you can choose more Substituents such as Hydroxy, halogen, amino or nitro groups, provided these do not affect the predominant hydrocarbon character.
- Component A2) can contain one or more double bonds and more natural or synthetic origin. With polyunsaturated carboxylic acids whose double bonds can be isolated or conjugated.
- the proportion of saturated Fatty acids A1) in the mixture of A1) and A2) is preferably below 20% by weight, in particular below 10% by weight, especially below 5% by weight.
- preferred Fatty acid mixtures which here means the combination of A1) and A2) contain at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 75% by weight, especially at least 90% by weight of the components one or more Double bonds.
- These preferred fatty acids (blends) have iodine numbers of at least 40 g I / 100 g, preferably at least 80 g I / 100 g, in particular at least 125 g I / 100 g.
- Suitable fatty acids are, for example, lauric, tridecane, myristic, pentadecane, Palmitic, margarine, stearic, isostearic, arachic and behenic acid, oleic and Erucic acid, palmitoleic, myristoleic, linoleic, linolenic, elaeosteric and Arachidonic acid, ricinoleic acid and those obtained from natural fats and oils Fatty acid mixtures, e.g. Coconut oil, peanut oil, fish, linseed oil, palm oil, Rapeseed oil, castor oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and tall oil fatty acid.
- Fatty acid mixtures e.g. Coconut oil, peanut oil, fish, linseed oil, palm oil, Rapeseed oil, castor oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and tall oil fatty acid.
- dicarboxylic acids such as dimer fatty acids and alkyl and alkenylsuccinic acids with C 8 -C 50 alk (en) yl radicals, preferably with C 8 -C 40 , in particular with C 12 -C 22 alkyl radicals.
- the alkyl radicals can be linear or branched (oligomerized alkenes, PIB).
- the fatty acids may further contain 1-40, especially 1-25% by weight of resin acids, based on the weight of A1) and A2) together.
- the additives according to the invention contain as component B at least one as Paraffin dispersant in middle distillates effective polar nitrogenous compound.
- Paraffin dispersants reduce the size of those that precipitate in the cold Paraffin crystals and cause the paraffin particles not to settle, but to colloidal with significantly reduced sedimentation efforts, remain dispersed.
- Paraffin dispersants have become oil-soluble polar compounds with ionic or polar groups, e.g. Amine salts and / or amides proven by reaction aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic Amines, with aliphatic or aromatic mono-, di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids or their anhydrides are obtained.
- Paraffin dispersants also contain reaction products of secondary fatty amines 8 to 36 carbon atoms, especially dicocos fatty amine, ditallow fatty amine and Distearyl.
- Other paraffin dispersants are copolymers of Maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds, optionally with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols are implemented can, the reaction products of alkenylspirobislactones with amines and Reaction products of terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Dicarboxylic anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers lower unsaturated alcohols.
- Alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are also available Paraffin dispersants suitable. The following are some suitable ones Paraffin dispersants listed.
- alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl radicals can optionally be substituted.
- Suitable substituents of the alkyl and aryl radicals are, for example, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine and (C 1 -C 6 ) alkoxy.
- Alkyl here stands for a straight-chain or branched Hydrocarbon radical. The following may be mentioned in detail: n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, dodecenyl, Tetrapropenyl, tetradecenyl, pentapropenyl, hexadecenyl, octadecenyl and Eicosanyl or mixtures such as cocoalkyl, tallow fatty alkyl and behenyl.
- Cycloalkyl here stands for a cyclic aliphatic radical with 5-20 Carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl radicals are cyclopentyl and Cyclohexyl.
- Aryl here stands for an optionally substituted aromatic Ring system with 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the terpolymers consist of the bivalent structural units of the formulas 12 and 14 and 15 and 16 and possibly 13. They only contain in known in the polymerization by initiation, inhibition and chain termination end groups.
- Structural units of the formulas 12 to 14 are derived in particular from ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides of the formulas 17 and 18 such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, preferably maleic anhydride.
- the structural units of the formula 15 are derived from the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds of the formula 19.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated olefins may be mentioned by way of example: styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, dimethylstyrene, ⁇ -ethylstyrene, diethylstyrene, i-propylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene, diisobutylene and ⁇ -olefins, such as decene, dodecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, Hexadecene, octadecene, C 20 - ⁇ -olefin, C 24 - ⁇ -olefin, C 30 - ⁇ -olefin, tripropenyl, tetrapropenyl, pentapropenyl and mixtures thereof.
- Alpha-olefins having 10 to 24 carbon atoms and styrene are preferred, alpha-olefin
- the structural units of the formula 16 are derived from polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower, unsaturated alcohols of the formula 20.
- ⁇ -olefin oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide
- polymerizable lower unsaturated alcohols are, for example, allyl alcohol, methallyl alcohol, butenols, such as 3-buten-1-ol and 1-buten-3-ol, or methylbutenols, such as 2-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 2-methyl-3 -buten-2-ol and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. Addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide onto allyl alcohol are preferred.
- etherification products of the polyoxyalkylene ethers can also be prepared by adding ⁇ -olefin oxides, preferably ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide, to alcohols of the formula 22 R 32 - OH wherein R 32 is equal to C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 5 -C 20 cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 18 aryl, by known methods and with polymerizable lower, unsaturated halides of the formula 23 implemented, where W stands for a halogen atom.
- the chlorides and bromides are preferably used as halides. Suitable production processes are mentioned, for example, in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition, p.357f (1977).
- the esterification of the polyoxyalkylene ethers takes place by reaction with common esterification agents, such as carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid esters with C 1 -C 4 alcohols.
- esterification agents such as carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid esters with C 1 -C 4 alcohols.
- the halides and anhydrides of C 1 -C 40 alkyl, C 5 -C 10 cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 18 aryl carboxylic acids are preferably used.
- the esterification is generally carried out at temperatures from 0 to 200 ° C., preferably 10 to 100 ° C.
- the index m indicates the degree of alkoxylation, i.e. the number of moles of ⁇ -olefin, the per mole of formula 20 or 21 be attached.
- Suitable primary amines suitable for the preparation of the terpolymers are the following: n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-stearylamine or also N, N-dimethylaminopropylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, dehydroabietylamine and mixtures thereof.
- Secondary amines which are suitable for the preparation of the terpolymers are for example: didecylamine, ditetradecylamine, distearylamine, Dicocos fatty amine, ditallow fatty amine and mixtures thereof.
- the terpolymers have K values (measured according to Ubbelohde in a 5% strength by weight solution in toluene at 25 ° C.) of 8 to 100, preferably 8 to 50, corresponding to average molecular weights (M w ) of between approximately 500 and 100,000. Suitable examples are listed in EP 606 055.
- the structural units of the formula 15 are derived from the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ones Olefins of the formula 19.
- the aforementioned alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl radicals have the same meanings as under 8.
- radicals R 37 and R 38 in formula 25 and R 39 in formula 27 are derived from polyetheramines or alkanolamines of the formulas 28 a) and b), amines of the formula NR 6 R 7 R 8 and, if appropriate, from alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms from.
- the preparation of the polyetheramines used is, for example, by reductive amination of polyglycols possible. Furthermore, it succeeds Production of polyetheramines with a primary amino group by Addition of polyglycols to acrylonitrile and subsequent catalytic Hydrogenation.
- polyetheramines are produced by the reaction of Polyethers with phosgene or thionyl chloride and subsequent amination accessible to polyetheramine.
- Polyetheramines are (e.g.) under the name ® Jeffamine (Texaco) commercially available. Their molecular weight is up to 2000 g / mol and the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide ratio is from 1:10 to 6: 1.
- Another way to derivatize the structural units of the Formulas 17 and 18 is that instead of the polyether amines Alkanolamine of the formulas 28a) or 28b) used and subsequently one Oxalkylation is subjected.
- 0.01 to 2 mol, preferably 0.01 to 1 mol, are used per mole of anhydride Alkanolamine used.
- the reaction temperature is between 50 and 100 ° C (amide formation). In the case of primary amines, the conversion takes place at temperatures above 100 ° C (imide formation).
- the oxyalkylation is usually carried out at temperatures between 70 and 170 ° C. with catalysis of bases, such as NaOH or NaOCH 3 , by gassing up alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide (EO) and / or propylene oxide (PO).
- bases such as NaOH or NaOCH 3
- alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide (EO) and / or propylene oxide (PO).
- EO ethylene oxide
- PO propylene oxide
- 1 to 500, preferably 1 to 100, moles of alkylene oxide are added per mole of hydroxyl groups.
- alkanolamines Monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, 3-aminopropanol, Isopropanol, diglycolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol and their mixtures.
- n-hexylamine n-octylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-stearylamine or also N, N-dimethylaminopropylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, dehydroabietylamine and mixtures thereof.
- secondary amines examples include: Didecylamine, Ditetradecylamine, Distearylamine, Dicocosfettamin, Ditalgfettamin and their mixtures.
- alcohols examples include: Methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-, sec-, tert-butanol, octanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, tallow fatty alcohol, behenyl alcohol and mixtures thereof. Suitable examples are listed in EP-A-688 796.
- Preferred dicarboxylic acid is maleic acid or maleic anhydride.
- Copolymers of 10 to 90% by weight of C 6 -C 24 - ⁇ -olefins and 90 to 10% by weight of NC 6 -C 22 alkylmaleimide are preferred.
- the mixing ratio between A and B can vary within wide limits. So even small amounts B of 100 ppm to 50,000 ppm, preferably 1,000 ppm, are effective up to 10,000 ppm, in fatty acid solutions as a cold additive for A. They can do that Prevent self-crystallization of the fatty acid, which leads to a lowering of the Cloud Points leads, or to prevent the sedimentation of formed crystals and enable easy handling at reduced temperatures. For special solutions to problems can also range from 5% to 50%, in particular Cases up to 90% of ingredient B based on the amount of ingredient A. to be present. In particular, the additive's own pour point lowered and the lubricity of the additive oil improved. As a result, the preferred mixing ratio of A: B is between 1:10 and 1: 0.0001, in particular between 1: 4 and 1: 0.0005, especially between 1: 1 and 1: 0.001.
- the additives according to the invention are oils in amounts of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-% added. They can be as such or also dissolved in solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures such as e.g. Toluene, xylene, Ethylbenzene, decane, pentadecane, gasoline fractions, kerosene or commercial Solvent mixtures such as Solvent Naphtha, ® Shellsol AB, ® Solvesso 150, ® Solvesso 200, ® Exxsol, ® Isopar and ® Shellsol D types can be used.
- solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures such as e.g. Toluene, xylene, Ethylbenzene, decane, pentadecane, gasoline fractions, kerosene or commercial Solvent mixtures such as
- the additives even at low Temperatures of, for example, -40 ° C and lower are easily used can improve the lubricity of the additive oils and their Cold and corrosion protection properties.
- additives according to the invention also together with one or more oil-soluble Co-additives are used, which alone have the cold flow properties and / or improve the lubricating effect of crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
- oil-soluble Co-additives are copolymers containing vinyl acetate or Terpolymers of ethylene, comb polymers, alkylphenol-aldehyde resins and oil-soluble amphiphiles.
- the additives according to the invention in a mixture with ethylene / vinyl acetate / Vinyl neononanoic acid terpolymers or ethylene vinyl acetate / Vinyl neodecanoate terpolymers to improve the flowability of Mineral oils or mineral oil distillates.
- the terpolymers of Besides contain neononanoic acid vinyl ester or the neodecanoic acid vinyl ester Ethylene 10 to 35 wt .-% vinyl acetate and 1 to 25 wt .-% of the respective Neo compound.
- other preferred copolymers contain up to 35% by weight vinyl esters still 0.5 to 20% by weight olefin such as diisobutylene, 4-methylpentene or norbornene.
- the mixing ratio of the invention Additives with the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers described above or the terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and the vinyl esters of Neononanoic or neodecanoic acid is (in parts by weight) 20: 1 to 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10.
- alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are those of the formula wherein R 50 is C 4 -C 50 alkyl or alkenyl, R 51 is ethoxy and / or propoxy, n is a number from 5 to 100 and p is a number from 0 to 50.
- the additives according to the invention are used together with comb polymers.
- comb polymers This is understood to mean polymers in which hydrocarbon radicals having at least 8, in particular at least 10, carbon atoms are bonded to a polymer backbone. They are preferably homopolymers whose alkyl side chains contain at least 8 and in particular at least 10 carbon atoms. In copolymers, at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the monomers have side chains (cf. Comb-like Polymers-Structure and Properties; NA Platé and VP Shibaev, J. Polym. Sci. Macromolecular Revs. 1974, 8, 117 ff).
- Suitable comb polymers are, for example, fumarate / vinyl acetate copolymers (cf. EP 0 153 176 A1), copolymers of a C 6 -C 24 - ⁇ -olefin and an NC 6 -C 22 -alkylmaleimide (cf. EP 0 320 766) , also esterified olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers, polymers and copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride.
- fumarate / vinyl acetate copolymers cf. EP 0 153 176 A1
- copolymers of a C 6 -C 24 - ⁇ -olefin and an NC 6 -C 22 -alkylmaleimide cf. EP 0 320 766
- esterified olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers polymers and copoly
- the additives according to the invention are suitable for the lubricating properties of animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic fuel oils with only to improve low dosing rates. Due to their improved cold properties Can be heated and / or thinned during storage and use to be dispensed with. In addition, they improve the cold and Corrosion protection properties of the additive oils. The The emulsifying properties of the additive oils are less impaired than with the State-of-the-art lubricating additives are the case.
- the invention Additives are particularly well suited for use in middle distillates. As Middle distillates are referred to as those mineral oils that pass through Distillation of crude oil and boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C, for example kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
- the oils can also contain alcohols contain or consist of such as methanol and / or ethanol.
- the additives of the invention are used in such middle distillates that 0.05% by weight of sulfur and less, particularly preferably less than 350 ppm Sulfur, especially less than 200 ppm sulfur and in special cases contain less than 50 ppm sulfur. It is generally about those middle distillates which have been subjected to hydrogenating refining, and which therefore only contains small amounts of polyaromatic and polar compounds contain, which give them a natural lubricating effect.
- the Additives according to the invention are also preferably used in such Middle distillates used, the 95% distillation points below 370 ° C, in particular 350 ° C and in special cases below 330 ° C. You can also use it as a Components are used in lubricating oils.
- the mixtures can be used alone or together with other additives be used, e.g. with other pour point depressors or Dewaxing aids, with corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, Sludge inhibitors, dehazers, conductivity improvers, lubricity additives, and Additions to lower the cloud point. Furthermore, they become successful used together with additive packages that include known ashless Contain dispersing additives, detergents, defoamers and corrosion inhibitors.
- MS is a mixture of a number of aliphatic and cyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the main components of MS can be found in the following table: Table 6: Components of MS component Concentration range (% by weight) Di-2-ethylhexyl 10 - 25 2-ethylhexyl acid-2-ethylhexyl 10 - 25 C 16 lactones 4 - 20 2-Ethylhexylbutyrat 3 - 10 2-ethylhexanediol- (1,3) glycol mono-n-butyrate 5 - 15 2-ethylhexanol 4 - 10 C 4 to C 8 acetates 2 - 10 2-ethylhexanediol- (1,3) 2 - 5 Ethers and esters ⁇ C 20 0 - 20
- the lubricating effect of the additives was carried out using an HFRR device from PCS Instruments on additive oils at 60 ° C.
- the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test (HFRR) is described in D. Wei, H. Spikes, Wear, Vol. 111, No.2, p.217, 1986.
- the results are given as the coefficient of friction and wear scar (WS1.4) , A low coefficient of friction and a low wear scar show a good lubricating effect.
- Test oils with the following characteristics were used to test the lubricating effect: Test oil 1 Test oil 2 boiling range: 170-344 ° C 182-304 ° C density 0.830 g / cm 3 0.821 g / cm 3 Cloud point -9 ° C -33 ° C sulfur content 45 ppm 6 ppm
- the boiling data are determined in accordance with ASTM D-86 and the cloud point in accordance with ISO 3015.
- Wear Scar in Test Oil 1 example additive Wear scar Friction V15 Without 555 ⁇ m 0.33 63 100 ppm according to Ex. 37 385 ⁇ m 0.18 64 100 ppm A1 + 150 ppm B4 381 ⁇ m 0.18 V16 100 ppm A1 421 ⁇ m 0.18 V17 150 ppm B4 549 ⁇ m 0.34 Wear Scar in Test Oil 2 example additive Wear scar Friction V18 without 637 ⁇ m 0.30 65 200 ppm according to Ex. 42 386 0.18 66 200 ppm according to Ex. 48 395 0.18 V19 200 ppm according to example V13 405 0.19
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Abstract
Description
R10 einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen oder den Rest der Formel 7 in der R6 und R7 insbesondere Alkylreste mit 10 bis 30, bevorzugt 14 bis 24 C-Atomen bedeuten, wobei die Amidstrukturen auch zum Teil oder vollständig in Form der Ammoniumsalzstruktur der Formel 8 vorliegen können. Die Amide bzw. Amid-Ammoniumsalze bzw. Ammoniumsalze z.B. der Nitrilotriessigsäure, der Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure oder der Propylen-1,2-diamintetraessigsäure werden durch Umsetzung der Säuren mit 0,5 bis 1,5 Mol Amin, bevorzugt 0,8 bis 1,2 Mol Amin pro Carboxylgruppe erhalten. Die Umsetzungstemperaturen betragen etwa 80 bis 200°C, wobei zur Herstellung der Amide eine kontinuierliche Entfernung des entstandenen Reaktionswasser erfolgt. Die Umsetzung muß jedoch nicht vollständig zum Amid geführt werden, vielmehr können 0 bis 100 Mol-% des eingesetzten Amins in Form des Ammoniumsalzes vorliegen. Unter analogen Bedingungen können auch die unter B1) genannten Verbindungen hergestellt werden.Als Amine der Formel 9 kommen insbesondere Dialkylamine in Betracht, in denen R6, R7 einen geradkettigen Alkylrest mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 14 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, bedeutet. Im einzelnen seien Dioleylamin, Dipalmitinamin, Dikokosfettamin und Dibehenylamin und vorzugsweise Ditalgfettamin genannt.
R15 und R16 für H, CONR17 2, CO2R17 oder OCOR17, -OR17, -R17 oder -NCOR17 stehen, und
R17 Alkyl, Alkoxyalkyl oder Polyalkoxyalkyl ist und mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist. Bevorzugte Carbonsäuren bzw. Säurederivate sind Phthalsäure(anhydrid), Trimellit, Pyromellitsäure(dianhydrid), Isophthalsäure, Terephthalsäure, Cyclohexan-dicarbonsäure(anhydrid), Maleinsäure(anhydrid), Alkenylbernsteinsäure(anhydrid). Die Formulierung (anhydrid) bedeutet, dass auch die Anhydride der genannten Säuren bevorzugte Säurederivate sind.Wenn die Verbindungen der Formel (11) Amide oder Aminsalze sind, sind sie vorzugsweise von einem sekundären Amin, das eine Wasserstoff und Kohlenstoff enthaltende Gruppe mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen enthält, erhalten.Es ist bevorzugt, dass R17 10 bis 30, insbesondere 10 bis 22, z.B. 14 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatome enthält und vorzugsweise geradkettig oder an der 1- oder 2-Position verzweigt ist. Die anderen Wasserstoff und Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Gruppen können kürzer sein, z.B. weniger als 6 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten, oder können, falls gewünscht, mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen. Geeignete Alkylgruppen schließen Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Hexyl, Decyl, Dodecyl, Tetradecyl, Eicosyl und Docosyl (Behenyl) ein.Des weiteren sind Polymere geeignet, die mindestens eine Amid- oder Ammoniumgruppe direkt an das Gerüst des Polymers gebunden enthalten, wobei die Amid- oder Ammoniumgruppe mindestens eine Alkylgruppe von mindestens 8 C-Atomen am Stickstoffatom trägt. Derartige Polymere können auf verschiedene Arten hergestellt werden. Eine Art ist, ein Polymer zu verwenden, das mehrere Carbonsäure oder -Anhydridgruppen enthält, und dieses Polymer mit einem Amin der Formel NHR6R7 umzusetzen, um das gewünschte Polymer zu erhalten. Als Polymere sind dazu allgemein Copolymere aus ungesättigten Estern wie C1-C40-Alkyl(meth)acrylaten, Fumarsäuredi(C1-C40-alkylestern), C1-C40-Alkylvinylethern, C1-C40-Alkylvinylestern oder C2-C40-Olefinen (linear, verzweigt, aromatisch) mit ungesättigten Carbonsäuren bzw. deren reaktiven Derivaten, wie z.B. Carbonsäureanhydriden (Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure, Tetrahydrophthalsäure, Citraconsäure, bevorzugt Maleinsäureanhydrid) geeignet.Carbonsäuren werden vorzugsweise mit 0,1 bis 1,5 mol, insbesondere 0,5 bis 1,2 mol Amin pro Säuregruppe, Carbonsäureanhydride vorzugsweise mit 0,1 bis 2,5, insbesondere 0,5 bis 2,2 mol Amin pro Säureanhydridgruppe umgesetzt, wobei je nach Reaktionsbedingungen Amide, Ammoniumsalze, Amid-Ammoniumsalze oder Imide entstehen. So ergeben Copolymere, die ungesättigte Carbonsäureanhydride enthalten, bei der Umsetzung mit einem sekundären Amin auf Grund der Reaktion mit der Anhydridgruppe zur Hälfte Amid und zur Hälfte Aminsalze. Durch Erhitzen kann unter Bildung des Diamids Wasser abgespalten werden.Besonders geeignete Beispiele amidgruppenhaltiger Polymere zur erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung sind:
Die Umsetzung der Polymeren mit den Aminen erfolgt bei Temperaturen von 50 bis 200°C im Verlauf von 0,3 bis 30 Stunden. Das Amin wird dabei in Mengen von ungefähr einem bis zwei Mol pro Mol einpolymerisiertem Dicarbonsäureanhydrid, d.i. ca. 0,9 bis 2,1 Mol/Mol angewandt. Die Verwendung größerer oder geringerer Mengen ist möglich, bringt aber keinen Vorteil. Werden größere Mengen als zwei Mol angewandt, liegt freies Amin vor. Werden geringere Mengen als ein Mol angewandt, findet keine vollständige Umsetzung zum Monoamid statt und man erhält eine dementsprechend verringerte Wirkung.In einigen Fällen kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Amid/Ammoniumsalzstruktur aus zwei unterschiedlichen Aminen aufgebaut wird. So kann beispielsweise ein Copolymer aus Laurylacrylat und Maleinsäureanhydrid zuerst mit einem sekundären Amin, wie hydriertem Ditalgfettamin zum Amid umgesetzt werden, wonach die aus dem Anhydrid stammende freie Carboxylgruppe mit einem anderen Amin, z.B. 2-Ethylhexylamin zum Ammoniumsalz neutralisiert wird. Genauso ist die umgekehrte Vorgehensweise denkbar: Zuerst wird mit Ethylhexylamin zum Monoamid, dann mit Ditalgfettamin zum Ammoniumsalz umgesetzt. Vorzugsweise wird dabei mindestens ein Amin verwendet, welches mindestens eine geradkettige, unverzweigte Alkylgruppe mit mehr als 16 Kohlenstoffatomen besitzt. Es ist dabei nicht erheblich, ob dieses Amin am Aufbau der Amidstruktur oder als Ammoniumsalz der Dicarbonsäure vorliegt.Anstelle der nachträglichen Umsetzung der Carboxylgruppen bzw. des Dicarbonsäureanhydrids mit Aminen zu den entsprechenden Amiden oder Amid/Ammoniumsalzen, kann es manchmal von Vorteil sein, die Monoamide bzw. Amid/Ammoniumsalze der Monomeren herzustellen und dann bei der Polymerisation direkt einzupolymerisieren. Meist ist das jedoch technisch viel aufwendiger, da sich die Amine an die Doppelbindung der monomeren Dicarbonsäure anlagern können und dann keine Copolymerisation mehr möglich ist.
R22 und R23 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
a, b gleich Null oder Eins und a + b gleich Eins,
R24 und R25 gleich oder verschieden sind und für die Gruppen -NHR6, N(R6)2 und/oder -OR27 stehen, und R27 für ein Kation der Formel H2N(R6)2 oder H3NR6 steht,
19 - 80 Mol-%, bevorzugt 39-60 Mol-% an bivalenten Struktureinheiten der Formel 15 worin
R28 Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl und
R29 C6-C60-Alkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl bedeuten und
1 - 30 Mol-%, bevorzugt 1 - 20 Mol-% an bivalenten Struktureinheiten der Formel 16
R30 Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
R31 Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl,
R33 C1-C4-Alkylen,
m eine Zahl von 1 bis 100,
R32 C1-C24-Alkyl, C5-C20-Cycloalkyl, C6-C18-Aryl oder -C(O)-R34, wobei
R34 C1-C40-Alkyl, C5-C10-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl,
enthalten.
Die Struktureinheiten der Formel 15 leiten sich von den α,β-ungesättigten Verbindungen der Formel 19 ab.
n-Hexylamin, n-Octylamin, n-Tetradecylamin, n-Hexadecylamin, n-Stearylamin oder auch N,N-Dimethylaminopropylendiamin, Cyclohexylamin, Dehydroabietylamin sowie deren Mischungen.
- R22 und R23
- unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
- a, b
- gleich Null oder 1 und a + b gleich 1,
- R37 =
- -OH, -O-[C1-C30-Alkyl], -NR6R7, -OsNrR6R7H2
- R38 =
- R37 oder NR6R39
- R39 =
- -(A-O)x-E
- A =
- Ethylen- oder Propylengruppe
- x =
- 1 bis 50
- E =
- H, C1-C30-Alkyl, C5-C12-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C30-Aryl
80 - 20 Mol-%, bevorzugt 60 - 40 Mol-% an bivalenten Struktureinheiten der Formel 15 enthalten.
- R53
- Wasserstoff, C6-C40-Alkyl oder
- R54
- Wasserstoff, C1-C4-Alkyl
- R55
- Wasserstoff, C1- bis C4-Alkyl, C5- bis C12-Cycloalkyl oder C6- bis C30-Aryl
- R56, R57
- unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C1- bis C22-Alkyl, C2- bis C22-Alkenyl oder Z - OH
- Z
- C2- bis C4-Alkylen
- n
- eine Zahl zwischen 1 und 1000.
n-Hexylamin, n-Octylamin, n-Tetradecylamin, n-Hexadecylamin, n-Stearylamin oder auch N,N-Dimethylaminopropylendiamin, Cyclohexylamin, Dehydroabietylamin sowie deren Mischungen.
Didecylamin, Ditetradecylamin, Distearylamin, Dicocosfettamin, Ditalgfettamin und deren Mischungen.
Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Isopropanol, n-, sek.-, tert.-Butanol, Octanol, Tetradecanol, Hexadecanol, Octadecanol, Talgfettalkohol, Behenylalkohol und deren Mischungen. Geeignete Beispiele sind in EP-A-688 796 aufgeführt.
- A
- R', COOR', OCOR', R"-COOR' oder OR';
- D
- H, CH3, A oder R;
- E
- H oder A;
- G
- H, R", R"-COOR', einen Arylrest oder einen heterocyclischen Rest;
- M
- H, COOR", OCOR", OR" oder COOH;
- N
- H, R", COOR", OCOR, COOH oder einen Arylrest;
- R'
- eine Kohlenwasserstoffkette mit 8-150 Kohlenstoffatomen;
- R"
- eine Kohlenwasserstoffkette mit 1 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen;
- m
- eine Zahl zwischen 0,4 und 1,0; und
- n
- eine Zahl zwischen 0 und 0,6.
Eigenstockpunkte (Pour Point) der erfindungsgemäßen Additive | |||||||
Zusammensetzung (Gew.-Teile) | Pour Point | ||||||
Beispiel | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | |
1 | 80 | 20 | -9 | ||||
2 | 50 | 50 | -24 | ||||
3 | 20 | 80 | 0 | ||||
4 | 80 | 20 | -9 | ||||
5 | 50 | 50 | -24 | ||||
6 | 20 | 80 | -6 | ||||
7 | 80 | 20 | 0 | ||||
8 | 50 | 50 | -15 | ||||
9 | 20 | 80 | -48 | ||||
10 | 80 | 20 | -9 | ||||
11 | 50 | 50 | -18 | ||||
12 | 20 | 80 | -15 | ||||
13 | 80 | 20 | -27 | ||||
14 | 50 | 50 | -27 | ||||
15 | 20 | 80 | -6 | ||||
16 | 80 | 20 | -27 | ||||
17 | 50 | 50 | -54 | ||||
18 | 20 | 80 | -45 | ||||
19 | 80 | 20 | -21 | ||||
20 | 50 | 50 | -30 | ||||
21 | 20 | 80 | -21 | ||||
22 | 80 | 20 | -21 | ||||
23 | 50 | 50 | -21 | ||||
24 | 20 | 80 | -9 | ||||
25 | 99,95 | 0,05 | -36 | ||||
26 | 99,95 | 0,05 | -36 | ||||
27 | 99,95 | 0,05 | -15 | ||||
V1 | 100 | -9 | |||||
V2 | 100 | 6 | |||||
V3 | 100 | 9 | |||||
V4 | 100 | -12 | |||||
V5 | 100 | 0 | |||||
V6 | 100 | -6 | |||||
V7 | 100 | -36 |
Cloud Points der erfindungsgemäßen Additive | |||||||
Zusammensetzung (Gew.-Teile) | Cloud Point | ||||||
Beispiel | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | |
V8 | 100 | -27,0 | |||||
28 | 99,9995 | 0,0005 | -33,0 | ||||
29 | 99,9995 | 0,0005 | -30,5 | ||||
30 | 99,998 | 0,002 | -33,5 | ||||
31 | 99,998 | 0,002 | -33,5 | ||||
32 | 99,995 | 0,005 | -31,0 | ||||
33 | 99,995 | 0,005 | -32,2 | ||||
34 (B5) | 99,998 | 0,002 | -29,0 | ||||
35 (B6) | 99,998 | 0,002 | -31,0 | ||||
36 (B7) | 99,998 | 0,002 | -35,5 | ||||
37 (B8) | 99,998 | 0,002 | -37,0 |
Lagerstabilität der Additive (3 Tage Lagerung bei -20°C) | |||||
Beispiel | Zusammensetzung (Gew.-Teile) | Beurteilung | |||
A2 | B1 | B2 | B3 | ||
38 | 50 | 50 | viskos | ||
39 | 80 | 20 | flüssig | ||
40 | 20 | 80 | flüssig | ||
41 | 50 | 50 | flüssig | ||
42 | 20 | 80 | flüssig | ||
V9 | 100 | fest, wachsig | |||
V10 | 100 | fest | |||
V11 | 100 | fest | |||
V12 | 100 | viskos |
Tabelle 6: Bestandteile von MS | |
Bestandteil | Konzentrationsbereich (Gew.-%) |
Di-2-ethylhexylether | 10 - 25 |
2-Ethylhexylsäure-2-Ethylhexylester | 10 - 25 |
C16-Lactone | 4 - 20 |
2-Ethylhexylbutyrat | 3 - 10 |
2-Ethylhexandiol-(1,3)-mono-n-butyrat | 5 - 15 |
2-Ethylhexanol | 4 - 10 |
C4- bis C8-Acetate | 2 - 10 |
2-Ethylhexandiol-(1,3) | 2 - 5 |
Ether und Ester ≥ C20 | 0 - 20 |
Charakterisierung der Testöle: Zur Prüfung der Schmierwirkung wurden Testöle mit folgender Charakteristik eingesetzt: | ||
Testöl 1 | Testöl 2 | |
Siedebereich: | 170 - 344°C | 182-304°C |
Dichte | 0,830 g/cm3 | 0,821 g/cm3 |
Cloud Point | -9°C | -33°C |
Schwefelgehalt | 45 ppm | 6 ppm |
Wear Scar in Testöl 1 | |||
Beispiel | Additiv | Wear Scar | Friction |
V15 | Ohne | 555 µm | 0,33 |
63 | 100 ppm gemäß Bsp. 37 | 385 µm | 0,18 |
64 | 100 ppm A1 + 150 ppm B4 | 381 µm | 0,18 |
V16 | 100 ppm A1 | 421 µm | 0,18 |
V17 | 150 ppm B4 | 549 µm | 0,34 |
Wear Scar in Testöl 2 | |||
Beispiel | Additiv | Wear Scar | Friction |
V18 | ohne | 637 µm | 0,30 |
65 | 200 ppm gemäß Bsp. 42 | 386 | 0,18 |
66 | 200 ppm gemäß Bsp. 48 | 395 | 0,18 |
V19 | 200 ppm gemäß Bsp. V13 | 405 | 0,19 |
Claims (11)
- Kältestabilisierte Additive für Brennstofföle mit bis zu 0,05 Gew.-% Schwefelgehalt, enthaltend Fettsäuregemische ausA1) 1 bis 99 Gew.-% mindestens einer gesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 6 bis 50 Kohlenstoffatomen,A2) 1 bis 99 Gew.-% mindestens einer ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 6 bis 50 Kohlenstoffatomen,
sowieB) mindestens einer als Paraffindispergator in Mitteldestillaten wirksamen polaren stickstoffhaltigen Verbindung in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von A1), A2) und B). - Additive nach Anspruch 1, worin Bestandteil A Carbonsäuren mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen umfaßt.
- Additive nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, enthaltend 1 bis unter 20 Gew.-% A1) und über 80 bis 99 Gew.-% A2).
- Additive nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin die Mischung aus A1) und A2) eine Jodzahl von mindestens 40 g I/100g aufweist.
- Additive nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin die Mischung aus A1) und A2) 1 bis 40 Gew.-% Harzsäuren umfaßt.
- Additive nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin öllösliche polare Aminsalze oder Amide als Paraffindispergatoren enthalten sind.
- Kältestabilisierte Lösungen der Additive nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 in organischen Lösemitteln, wobei die Lösungen 1 bis 80 Gew.-% Lösemittel enthalten.
- Kältestabilisierte Lösungen nach Anspruch 7, wobei als Lösemittel aliphatische und/oder aromatische und/oder sauerstoffhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe eingesetzt werden.
- Kältestabilisierte Fettsäuregemische, enthaltendA1) 1 bis 99 Gew.-% mindestens einer gesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 6 bis 50 Kohlenstoffatomen,A2) 1 bis 99 Gew.-% mindestens einer ungesättigten Mono- oder Dicarbonsäure mit 6 bis 50 Kohlenstoffatomen,
sowieB) mindestens einer als Paraffindispergator in Mitteldestillaten wirksamen polaren stickstoffhaltigen Verbindung in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von A1), A2) und B). - Brennstofföle, enthaltend neben einem Mitteldestillat mit bis zu 0,05 Gew.-% Schwefelgehalt ein Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9.
- Verwendung von Additiven gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 zur Verbesserung der Schmiereigenschaften schwefelarmer Mitteldestillate mit bis zu 0,05 Gew.-% Schwefelgehalt.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07005870A EP1803791B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
EP07005871A EP1801188B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10058359 | 2000-11-24 | ||
DE10058359A DE10058359B4 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2000-11-24 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07005871A Division EP1801188B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
EP07005870A Division EP1803791B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1209215A2 true EP1209215A2 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
EP1209215A3 EP1209215A3 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1209215B1 EP1209215B1 (de) | 2007-10-10 |
Family
ID=7664508
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01126254A Expired - Lifetime EP1209215B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Festtsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
EP07005870A Revoked EP1803791B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
EP07005871A Expired - Lifetime EP1801188B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07005870A Revoked EP1803791B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
EP07005871A Expired - Lifetime EP1801188B1 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-06 | Brennstofföle mit verbesserter Schmierwirkung, enthaltend Mischungen aus Fettsäuren mit Paraffindispergatoren, sowie ein schmierverbesserndes Additiv |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6610111B2 (de) |
EP (3) | EP1209215B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5317380B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2363700C (de) |
DE (4) | DE10058359B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2295098T3 (de) |
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WO2004013259A1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-12 | Arizona Chemical | A fatty acid composition, its production and use |
WO2004085580A1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Additivgemisch zur verbesserung der schmierfähigkeitseigenschaften von mineralölprodukten |
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US7597725B2 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2009-10-06 | Infineum International Ltd. | Additives and fuel oil compositions |
US8287608B2 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2012-10-16 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricity additive for fuels |
EP1770151A1 (de) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-04 | Infineum International Limited | Zusatzkonzentrat |
US20090165364A1 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2009-07-02 | Basf Se | Use of Mixtures of Monocarboxylic Acids and Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Compounds for Improving the Storage Stability of Fuel Additive Concentrates |
WO2008057624A2 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2008-05-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fuel additives useful for reducing particulate emissions |
US20080141579A1 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Rinaldo Caprotti | Fuel Oil Compositions |
US20110035994A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-02-17 | Yuki Sugiura | Low-Temperature Fluidity Improver for Biodiesel Fuel |
RU2508394C2 (ru) | 2009-04-07 | 2014-02-27 | Басф Се | Смесь из полярных маслорастворимых соединений азота и маслорастворимых алифатических соединений для понижения температуры помутнения в среднедистиллятных топливах |
US9012583B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2015-04-21 | Nof Corporation | Flow improver for oils and fats |
KR101781672B1 (ko) | 2011-03-29 | 2017-09-25 | 니치유 가부시키가이샤 | 연료유용 유동성 향상제 및 연료유 조성물 |
RU2561279C1 (ru) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-08-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное предприятие КВАЛИТЕТ" (ООО "НПП КВАЛИТЕТ") | Диспергатор парафинов, способ его получения и топливная композиция, его содержащая |
CN104403706B (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-06-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种新型柴油蜡晶分散剂 |
WO2017144378A1 (de) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-31 | Basf Se | HYDROPHOBE POLYCARBONSÄUREN ALS REIBVERSCHLEIß-VERMINDERNDER ZUSATZ ZU KRAFTSTOFFEN |
EP3272837B1 (de) | 2016-07-21 | 2021-01-27 | Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited | Kraftstoffzusammensetzung enthaltend schmierfähigkeitsverbesserer und verfahren dafür |
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WO2004013259A1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-12 | Arizona Chemical | A fatty acid composition, its production and use |
WO2004085580A1 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Additivgemisch zur verbesserung der schmierfähigkeitseigenschaften von mineralölprodukten |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1803791B1 (de) | 2009-02-18 |
EP1803791A3 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
US6610111B2 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
ES2295098T3 (es) | 2008-04-16 |
DE50114718D1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1209215A3 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1801188A3 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
EP1801188A2 (de) | 2007-06-27 |
DE10058359A1 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
DE50114719D1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
CA2363700A1 (en) | 2002-05-24 |
DE10058359B4 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
JP5317380B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 |
USRE40758E1 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
CA2363700C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
EP1209215B1 (de) | 2007-10-10 |
JP2002167586A (ja) | 2002-06-11 |
EP1801188B1 (de) | 2009-02-18 |
US20040083644A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
US20020095857A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
DE50113115D1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1803791A2 (de) | 2007-07-04 |
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