Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
  • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
  • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
  • E21C37/16—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
  • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
  • E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
  • E21D9/113—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads having a central part for making a pilot tunnel and a follow-up part for enlarging the pilot tunnel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42D—BLASTING
  • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a tunneling method; and, more particularly, to a three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method and equipments thereof, wherein a drilling and blasting process can be carried out simultaneously during excavating a pilot tunnel by means of tunnel boring machine (TBM) , thereby is capable of reducing the period and the cost of excavation.
• TBM tunnel boring machine
• TBM/NATM has recently been proposed.
• a pilot tunnel is excavated using the TBM while the remaining section for enlargement is excavated using the NATM.
• the drilling and blasting has been generally carried out by using a longitudinal drilling and blasting method for achieving a drilling and blasting in a tunneling direction (hereinafter, referred to as a longitudinal drilling and blasting method) .
• a leg drill or a jumbo drill is used to drill charge holes in an area to be excavated, depending on work situation.
• FIG. 1 A conventional longitudinal drilling and blasting method will be described in brief in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Figs. 2A to 2D.
• the charge holes 4 are drilled according to a pattern, where reference numerals indicated in each circle assigned to each charge hole 4 denote a sequential blasting order.
• Figs. 2A to 2D are schematic views respectively illustrating sequential steps of a conventional longitudinal drilling and blasting method.
• reference numerals 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 denote a pilot tunnel, an upper half section, a lower half section, charge holes, and a line drilling area, respectively.
• the charge holes 4 are drilled in the upper half section 2 as shown in Fig. 2A.
• the drilling work is carried out using leg drills for drilling a predetermined length of tunnel or jumbo drills for drilling rockbolt holes or charge holes, depending on the work situation.
• a charging of the charge holes 4 is carried out as shown in Fig. 2B.
• the blasting delay order of the charge holes 4 is determined.
• the blasting delay order for generating the blast sequentially starting at an area nearest to a free face of a pilot tunnel 1 in order to obtain a free face effect provided by a pilot tunnel 1, is made such that the sequential blast is processed from the innermost area nearest to the pilot tunnel 1 to the outermost area farthest from the pilot tunnel 1.
• the blasting delay order of the line drilling area 5 is also determined.
• the blasting delay order of the outermost section is made such that it corresponds to the order of a bottom portion, a lower portion and a ceiling portion.
• a charging of the line drilling area 5 is carried out.
• a predetermined precise blasting powder is charged in the blasting portions of the line drilling area 5, taking into consideration a loosened area of rock generated after the drilling and the blasting as shown in Fig. 2B.
• a blast is carried out in the planned blasting delay order.
• a muck produced after the blasting is then removed as shown in Fig. 2C.
• the charge holes 4 having a predetermined length are drilled in the full section as shown in Fig. 2D. The above procedures are repeated to achieve a desired tunneling.
• a blast vibration is propagated to a face of the ground through the entire length of the tunnel because the charge holes 4 are arranged in a tunneling direction.
• the blast vibration of the ground may occur when a blast pressure and energy is transmitted from a blast source to rock masses. Due to such the ground vibration, structures installed on an area adjacent to the portion disposed over the tunnel and the other establishments sensitive to the vibration may be severely damaged.
• the blasting for enlargement of the TBM pilot tunnel is carried out only in the longitudinal direction after removing a rail for a TBM muck car, so that a one-time drilling length is limited. And an overbreak and a drilling time may be increased due to the increase of the excavation length. It is inconvenient for the drilling of the charge holes after the excavation due to a severe roughness of a tunnel face, and the length of drilling for the charge holes in the tunneling direction is limited. Furthermore, drilling-charging-blasting-muck removing procedures should be repeatedly carried out in the tunnel excavating work after a pilot tunnel has been excavated using the TBM. As a result, the pilot tunnel may be inefficiently used.
• a bi-directional drilling and blasting method and charge hole drilling apparatus is disclosed in Korea Patent No. 98-143712.
• Figs. 3A and 3B show patterned charge holes, respectively, whereas Fig. 3C shows two sectional views, respectively taken along a line A-A and a line B-B of Figs. 3A and 3B.
• Figs. 4A to 4D are schematic views respectively illustrating sequential steps of a bi-directional drilling and blasting method. Referring Figs. 3A to 3C, lattice-shaped charge holes are drilled in a radial direction of the pilot tunnel 7, and then a drilling is carried out in a longitudinal direction in an outermost tunneling section. At this time, reference numerals, indicated in each circle, assigned to each of charge holes 9 denote the blasting order.
• Transverse charge holes 9 are radially drilled in an upper half section 8 in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction in a pilot tunnel 7 excavated by the TBM. Simultaneously, longitudinal charge holes are also drilled in an outermost section 10 in the longitudinal direction as shown in Fig. 4A. A charging of the longitudinal and transverse charge holes is carried out as shown in Fig. 4B. Then, a blast is carried out. Referring to Fig. 4C, the muck produced by the blast is removed using an appropriate mechanical equipment, for example, a load head bucket. The line charge holes 5 are drilled again in a predetermined portion of the outermost section 10 as shown in Fig. 4D.
• the conventional bi-directional drilling and blasting method has an advantage that drilling and blasting period can be shortened, the muck should be removed in the same manner as the longitudinal drilling and blasting method, so that there is few efficiency of the tunnel excavation cycle time. That is, as an excavating length becomes long, the muck removal time to be required is also increased. Furthermore, a drilling equipment is needed to carry out the bi-directional drilling and blasting for enlargement. Since it is difficult for installing the drilling equipment on the TBM to drill the radial holes on the lower half section of the tunnel because of the blasting pattern in the bi-directional drilling and blasting method, the drilling should be processed with another drilling equipment, e.g., the jumbo drill so that the efficiency of the drilling equipment is decreased. Moreover, it is somewhat difficult for the jumbo drill to approach the pilot tunnel made by the TBM owing to the size and the drilling position is also hardly confirmed even if drilled with the jumbo drill.
• the drilling and blasting are processed after the complete tunnel boring by the TBM in longitudinal drilling and blasting methods or in bi- directional drilling and blasting method, the only radial drilling process can be carried out during the tunnel boring by the TBM, but the blasting process should be carried out after completing the tunnel boring. If the drilling and blasting process and the tunnel boring process are carried out simultaneously, facilities required for the TBM tunneling, i.e., electricity supply cable, water supply pipe, air supply pipe and so on, are damaged and the rail for the muck car is buried due to the blasting for enlargement inevitably.
• facilities required for the TBM tunneling i.e., electricity supply cable, water supply pipe, air supply pipe and so on
• an object of the present invention to provide a three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method to enhance a period and a cost of tunnel excavation, wherein a drilling and blasting is carried out simultaneously during excavating a pilot tunnel.
• a method for excavating a tunnel comprising the steps of: a) drilling an oblique charge hole on an upper half section in a pilot tunnel being excavated by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and drilling an outermost charge hole to a predetermined length in a tunneling direction (longitudinal direction) at an outermost tunneling section during excavating the pilot tunnel, and charging and blasting the upper half section, wherein the oblique charge hole is turned at a predetermined angle from a transverse direction to a longitudinal direction; and b) charging and blasting the lower half section except the central portion apart at a distance from the tunnel face.
• TBM tunnel boring machine
• a device for tunneling comprising: a main body of tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavating a pilot tunnel while advancing in tunneling direction, and having a trailer; a drilling means for drilling oblique holes on a upper half section of the pilot tunnel while the TBM excavates the pilot tunnel, and the drilling means being installed on the main body of the TBM, wherein the oblique holes are turned at predetermined angle from a transverse direction to a longitudinal direction; a first rotating means for rotating the drilling means in the oblique direction and a circumferential direction; a muck removing means, installed in the bottom area of the lower half section, for carrying the muck produced by the blast outside the tunnel; and a second rotating means for rotating a bucket, installed on the front of a loader, for loading the muck easily at the narrow area of the upper and the lower half section by rotating the bucket at a predetermined angle in a horizontal plane.
• TBM tunnel boring machine
• Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional longitudinal drilling and blasting pattern
• Figs. 2A to 2D show a sequential steps of a conventional longitudinal drilling and blasting method
• FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate schematic views of a conventional bi-directional drilling and blasting patterns
• Figs. 4A to 4D depict a sequential steps of a conventional bi-directional drilling and blasting method
• Figs. 5A and 5D represent a schematic views of drilling and blasting patterns in accordance with the present invention.
• Fig. 6 presents a perspective view of the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention
• Figs. 7A to 7D provide a sequential steps of the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention
• Fig. 8A is a schematic view of a two way rail track system of the conventional tunneling method
• Figs. 8B and 8C are schematic views of a three way rail track system of the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention.
• Fig. 8D shows a schematic view of a variable ladder for use in the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention
• FIG. 9A to 9C illustrate a diagram illustrating a structure of a wedge coupler for use in the present invention
• Figs. 10A to 10G depict schematic views of sequential steps of removing muck produced by the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention
• Figs. 11A to 11C represent schematic views of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for use in the conventional and present invention
• FIGs. 12A to 12D present schematic views of a rotating means for use in the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention
• Figs 13 and 14 provide schematic views of a carrying means of the muck in use for the three dimensional multiphase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention
• Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a ventilation duct system of a three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention.
• Figs. 16A to 16C show schematic views of lining form for use in the three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention.
• FIGs. 5A and 5B are schematic views illustrating a drilling and blasting patterns of three dimensional multiphase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention.
• the charge holes 22 are in advance drilled at a predetermined length in an oblique direction during excavating the pilot tunnel by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) . That is, the oblique charge hole is slanted from a transverse direction to a longitudinal direction on a tunneling section.
• TBM tunnel boring machine
• the longitudinal charge holes 23 for a smooth blasting are drilled to a predetermined length at an outermost tunneling section and then a first oblique blasting and longitudinal blasting for enlargement is carried out in the region that is hundreds of meters distant from a TBM tunnel face. Thereafter, the longitudinal charge holes 26 are drilled again on the lower half section except the central portion to a predetermined length at the zone of blasting for enlargement (hereinafter, referred to as a NATM tunnel face) and then a second blasting for enlargement is carried out.
• a NATM tunnel face a predetermined length at the zone of blasting for enlargement
• FIG. 6 there is provided a perspective view of present invention showing whole the charge holes and a muck removing means for carrying the muck.
• the oblique holes 22 having a predetermined angle and length are drilled in advance on the upper half section by using a jumbo drill mounted near a head or back-up system of the TBM, and then line drilling holes 23 in the outermost tunneling section are drilled longitudinally to reduce an overbreak at the region which is hundreds of meters distant from the TBM tunnel face.
• the length of the line drilling hole (l a ) is 2-4 m correspondent to the oblique charge holes of which the distance is 2 ⁇ 4 m as represented in Fig. 7A.
• the end of the longitudinal charge hole should be correspondent to the end of the oblique charge hole as shown a dotted line "a" in Fig. 7A.
• the angle of the oblique charge holes are appropriately determined in order to concentrate the muck produced by the blast in the middle of the tunnel face after blasting as shown in Fig. 7B.
• the oblique charge hole is slanted to the entrance of the tunnel, of which angle is of 20° ⁇ 40
• a second blasting for enlarging the lower half section except the central portion is carried out, at the region which is tens of meters distant from the NATM tunnel face, by the longitudinal drilling and blasting method as shown in Fig. 7D.
• a third blasting for enlarging the central portion of the lower half section is carried out by the transverse drilling and blasting method, of which the holes are in advance drilled.
• a double blasting can be carried out to obtain longer length of a tunnel excavation and to remove a remained rock completely by longitudinal drilling and blasting method for the outermost tunneling section after single blasting is finished as described in Fig. 7C.
• this method should be done at the same time of the second blasting in consideration of the amount of the muck to be transported. This makes the remained rock removed clearly so that the length of the tunnel excavation can be increased.
• FIG. 9A to 9C Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 9A to 9C providing a wedge coupler for the present invention to control the charging of charge holes.
• the oblique charge holes 22 When drilling the oblique charge holes 22, for maximally reducing the cycle time of tunnel excavation, the oblique charge holes 22 is in advance drilled to a length identical to a sum of the length of a blasting hole and a rockbolt hole 24, to thereby maximize the efficiency of the pilot tunnel. That is, the combined charge hole/rockbolt hole is used as a blasting hole for a first oblique blasting. After a second precise blasting of the outermost tunneling section, the combined charge hole/rockbolt hole can be reused as the rockbolt hole. Therefore, since it is unnecessary to carry out an additional rockbolt drilling for the stabilization of the excavated tunneling section, the rockbolt drilling time can be remarkably reduced.
• an equipment for removing the muck produced by the blast is installed on the floor of the tunnel.
• a carrier 33 of the equipment 31 for removing the muck can be protected from a blasting pressure and the falling muck due to the blasting.
• a rail 432 is laid on both sides of the floor of the pilot tunnel and a wheel 433A is attached on the lower portion of the equipment to thereby enable the equipment to be moved.
• a carrier 433 includes a connecting ring for continuously connecting to the end of the equipment and a container 434 with a space to contain the muck, wherein the container 434 is laid on the upper portion of the carrier 433 and can be lift up on dump trucks.
• a rubber 435 is attached to the inside of the carrier 433 in contact with the outside of the container 434 to thereby minimize a damage and a noise caused by the dispersion of the falling muck.
• a wedge coupler is installed at the oblique holes 22 of an oblique blasting section and a sand stemming 25 is carried out to an appropriate length, so that the drilling length for charging can be controlled in order to carry out a first blasting.
• a diameter of the wedge coupler is manufactured a few larger than those of the oblique charge holes 22.
• the wedge coupler 1400 includes a rubber coupler 42, in which a wedge groove 42A is formed, and a wedge 43 which is inserted to the wedge groove 42A of the rubber coupler 42. Therefore, the blasting powder is reliably charged up to the oblique blasting section by the wedge coupler 900 and the sand stemming 25.
• Fig. 9C is a diagram illustrating a structure of a wedge coupler 1400 for controlling a charging length in accordance with the present invention.
• the rubber coupler 42 is inserted into an entrance of the charge holes 22 and is pushed into the oblique charge holes 22 using a scaled pipe 44 according to a design for the drilling length. Thereafter, the wedge 43 is inserted into the rubber coupler 42 through the scaled pipe 44 using a wedge rod 45, so that the blasting powder is charged up to the drilling length of the oblique blasting section.
• the oblique charge hole is drilled longer than that is designed, using the wedge coupler 1400 can control the drilling length for the charging, so that a precise tunneling is possible.
• the muck produced by the first blast concentrates to the middle of the tunnel face due to the oblique charge holes 22, to thereby be accumulated into the container 34 laid on the carrier 33 as shown in Fig. 11C.
• the carrier 33 containing the muck is rapidly withdrawn backward, to thereby obtain a space for next work.
• the container 34 of the backward-withdrawn carrier 33 is lifted up on the dump trucks, to thereby easily remove the muck as shown in Fig. 11D. Meanwhile, the rest muck, which is not fallen into the carrier, can be loaded into the container 34 using a loader bucket .
• a longitudinal drilling is carried out at the lower half section except the central portion, then a second blasting is carried out.
• the muck produced by the second blasting for enlargement can be loaded into the container on the carrier. Moreover, the first and the second blasting are carried out simultaneously and the time for a subsequent process, e.g., ventilation process can be reduced.
• a rail switch 890 on a deck plate for facilitating the muck car or a locomotive 500 to move easily is installed in the long tunnel.
• Fig. 8A there is provided a schematic view of a toy way rail track, wherein a deck plate is installed on every distance of 1 ⁇ 2 km in the floor of the lower half section of the pilot tunnel and then the muck car or the locomotive can move along mutually.
• Figs. 8B and 8C a three way rail track is installed, wherein the remained central portion of the lower half section and both sides of the lower half section already excavated is connected each other with a deck plate 870 and the support 880 is set on the ends of the deck plate 870.
• a variable ladder 850 for guiding the equipments for the tunnel excavation e.g., the jumbo drill and loader with ease can be installed.
• a first, a second and a third decks 801, 802 and 803 can be adjustable by using a hinge 804 and two support beams 805 stand beneath the second deck plate 802, which can modulate the height of the deck 801, 802 and 803 by using a bolt 806. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the ladder 850 to the variation of the height of the lower half section.
• the second deck plate 802 is connected with a horizontal beam 807 and wheels 808 installed beneath the horizontal beam 807 so that the ladder 850 can be moved easily according to the work situation.
• the third deck plate 803 can be up and down to be putted on the lower half section by a hinge 804 and a winch typed wire 809.
• the both sides of the lower half section can be blasted if the facilities of the TBM, e.g., cables, air or water supplying pipe, ventilation duct and so on, are protected from the blast during excavating the pilot tunnel by the TBM.
• the second blasting can be carried out in the area that is tens of meters distant from the NATM tunnel face at the same time of the first blast, and then it is possible for the third blast to be carried out by a transverse drilling and blasting method after complete tunneling work by the TBM, wherein the drilling can be carried out in advance during excavating the pilot tunnel
• the muck produced in excavating the pilot tunnel by the TBM is carried through a conveyor belt to be loaded into the muck car. Then the muck car is withdrawn outside the tunnel by the locomotive 500.
• the carrier 33 is withdrawn outside the tunnel by the locomotive 300.
• the muck produced by the second blast is loaded in a bottom carrier 27 or the carrier 33 and these are withdrawn by the locomotive 500, also. Since the muck produced by the first and the second blasts is loaded into the carrier and withdrawn outside the tunnel rapidly by the locomotive, it is possible to secure the working space for drilling process and reduce the cycle time of tunnel excavation.
• the carrier 33 and the bottom carrier 27 having the muck are withdrawn outside the tunnel rapidly by the locomotive 500.
• equipments for tunnel excavation including a main body 100 of the TBM for excavating the pilot tunnel with a backup trailer 101 of the TBM and backup facilities 102 of the TBM, a jumbo drill 200 mounted on the predetermined position of the backup trailer 101 of the TBM to drill the oblique charge hole on the upper half section, a first rotating means 300 on the backup trailer 101 of the TBM for rotating and tilting the drill, a muck removing means, disposed on the bottom of the lower half section, for carrying the muck produced by the blast, a second rotating means for rotating the loader bucket to load the muck at the narrow area of the lower half section into the carrier, a locomotive 500 for pulling the muck car and the carrier outside the tunnel, a variable ladder for guiding the whole equipments used in tunneling, and a deck 870 and a rail switch 890 for facilitating the muck car and the carrier to move easily.
• the main body 100 of the TBM which includes a plurality of cutters 112 with high speed revolution for breaking the rock, a head 110 surrounded by head jacket 116 having a plurality of buckets for carrying the muck backward, a hydraulic cylinder 122 mounted on the rear of the head 110 for making the head 110 move forward, an inner kelly 120 having a driving unit to provide the revolution power to the head 110, a plurality of clamping pads 132 installed on the outer part of the inner kelly 120, a plurality of pad cylinders 134 disposed on a outer kelly 130 for moving the clamping pads 132 to the radial direction of a pilot tunnel 1, the outer Kelly 130 for supporting the head 110, a belt conveyor 141 and an auxiliary conveyor 142 for carrying the muck in the bucket 114 from the main body 100 of the TBM to the backup trailer 101 of the TBM.
• a jumbo drill 200 mounted on a platform 103 of the backup trailer 101 of the TBM, including a drill 210 for drilling a plurality of charge holes and rockbolt holes, a drifter 220 for driving the drill 210 and a feed cylinder 230 for making the drifter 220 move forward or backward direction.
• the feed cylinder 230 is controlled by an outer control unit for adjusting the drilling depth according to the condition of the tunnel face.
• Figs. 12A to 12C The operating mechanism of drilling equipment is referred to Figs. 12A to 12C.
• the head of the main body 100 of the TBM is progressed by the hydraulic cylinder 122 on the inner Kelly 120 to excavate the pilot tunnel with the cutter of which the driving force is transmitted through the driving unit 124.
• the muck produced by the excavation is carried by the belt conveyor into the backup facilities 102, and the muck car is withdrawn outside the tunnel by the locomotive.
• the jumbo drill 200 mounted on the platform of the backup trailer 101 of the TBM drills the oblique charge holes on the upper half section.
• the rockbolt hole can be drilled either simultaneously or separately with the charge hole.
• the rotating unit 300 including a rotary gear for rotating the feeder in circumferential direction that has the same central axis to that of the pilot tunnel and is equipped with the jumbo drill 200, a first motor 330 for rotating the feeder individually in the preferable rotation angle of -90 o ⁇ +90°, a bracket unit 340 mounted on the rotary frame 320 for rotating the drill obliquely and a stepping motor 350 mounted on the bracket unit 340 for supplying the rotation power in the oblique direction.
• the bracket unit 1200 including a bracket 341 for assembling the rotary shaft 320 with bolts of which the shape is concave type like "U" and the hole 341A in the middle of the bracket is pierced, a bearing 346 to be inserted into the hole 341A, a circumscribed gear 342 attached on the spindle of the stepping motor 350, and a ring gear plate 343 having an inscribed gear 344 for fitting the circumscribed gear 342, wherein the inscribed gear is attached on a plate 345.
• the angle of the drilling hole is adjusted by the rotation of the rotary gear on the rotary frame 320 driven by the first motor 330 through the rotation unit 300 and the bracket unit 1300.
• the oblique charge hole is drilled by the power of the stepping motor 350 through the circumscribed and the inscribed gears 342, 344.
• the oblique angle of the ring gear plate 343 driven by the stepping motor 350 is about 20° to 40°.
• the oblique charge holes are drilled by the driving force transmitted by the drifter 220 and feed cylinder 230.
• equipments for carrying the muck including a rail 432 installed on both sides of the bottom of the tunnel, a carrier 433 which moves on the rail 432 by a wheel 433a and has a link to connect another carrier 433, a container 434 on the carrier 433 for the muck being loaded, a rubber plate 435 between the carrier 433 and the container 434 for reducing the impact and the noise, and a spring beneath the carrier for reducing the impact.
• the carrier 433 and the container 434 are designed to be loaded the muck as much as possible, e.g., the height of those is little lower than the central horizontal axis of the pilot tunnel.
• the carrier and the bottom carrier are determined by the work situation of the area of the blasting for enlargement. If the height of the carrier is higher than that of the section of the blasting for enlargement, it is possible to load the muck more but the carrier cannot be protected from the blasting process. Therefore, the carrier should be chosen considering the work situation.
• the equipment 400 having the muck is withdrawn by the locomotive 500. That is, the muck car or the carrier is withdrawn outside the tunnel only one locomotive 500, so that the rate of the operation can be increased.
• the first blasting is carried out after completing the processes of oblique charge holes being drilled, longitudinal holes being drilled and charging of charge holes. And most of the mucks produced by the first blast are accumulated in the middle of the pilot tunnel, e.g., accumulated in the container and the carrier, are withdrawn outside the tunnel by the locomotive.
• the cables, the air supplying pipes and the water supplying pipes are located below the carrier to be protected from the blast so that it is possible to carry out the drilling and blasting with the excavation of the pilot tunnel simultaneously and safely. Therefore, the speed of the excavation of the tunnel is enhanced, and the upper and lower half sections of the pilot tunnel are utilized efficiently in the present invention than the conventional method. That is, the upper half section is used when the first blasting of the oblique charge holes and the lower half section is used for the second and third blasting, and the subsidiary facilities are protected from the blast by the carrier laid on the lower half part of the pilot tunnel, therefore the efficiency of the pilot tunnel is enhanced remarkably.
• FIG. 15 there is shown a perspective view of a ventilation duct system of a three dimensional multiphase tunneling method in accordance with the present invention .
• the ventilation duct 600 can be installed either in the top area of the pilot tunnel or in the side area.
• the ventilation duct 600 for the TBM excavation is still used so that the main duct 602 can be separated from the duct 603 placed in the rear of the NATM tunnel face, and then the blasting for enlargement is carried out.
• the ventilation duct 600 is designed a zipper 700 type and is hung by a hanger 701 to be separated easily, the blasting for enlargement can be carried out and a dust can be ventilated out.
• the duct 603 placed in the rear of the NATM tunnel face is used for ventilating the NATM tunnel face, and is used for ventilating the TBM tunnel face by connecting both ducts again. Since the ventilation duct 600 for the TBM excavation is utilized for the blasting for enlargement, the efficiency of the duct can be increased. At this point, the ventilation duct for the TBM tunnel face and for the NATM tunnel face can be installed in parallel. In this case, the contamination material, e.g., dust is ventilated out efficiently by using two ventilation ducts.
• Final process of tunnel excavation i.e., a concrete grouting process is carried out on the outer face of the tunnel after the blast and the installation of the rockbolt and shotcrete grouting is completed.
• the concrete grouting can be carried out only after the excavation of pilot tunnel and the blasting for enlargement are completed.
• a special designed lining form is used in the present invention for enabling the transporting facilities, e.g., the muck car, the carrier, to move.
• the concrete lining process can be carried by means of the hinge and winch in the upper part of the lining form as shown in Figs. 16A to 16C.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-08-07 CA CA002381231A patent/CA2381231A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-08-07 EP EP00952019A patent/EP1204841A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-08-07 AU AU64783/00A patent/AU761775B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-08-07 JP JP2001515918A patent/JP2003506605A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-08-07 WO PCT/KR2000/000867 patent/WO2001011308A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-08-07 CN CN00811401A patent/CN1369055A/zh active Pending
• 2002
  • 2002-02-05 NO NO20020577A patent/NO20020577L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-02-06 US US10/068,409 patent/US20020070600A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2003
  • 2003-03-11 HK HK03101732.8A patent/HK1049692A1/zh unknown

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