EP1199350A1 - Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen in Waschmittelformulierungen - Google Patents
Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen in Waschmittelformulierungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1199350A1 EP1199350A1 EP01123706A EP01123706A EP1199350A1 EP 1199350 A1 EP1199350 A1 EP 1199350A1 EP 01123706 A EP01123706 A EP 01123706A EP 01123706 A EP01123706 A EP 01123706A EP 1199350 A1 EP1199350 A1 EP 1199350A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- carbon atoms
- alkyl
- radicals
- general formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910014033 C-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910014570 C—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- MDLWEBWGXACWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MDLWEBWGXACWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WPWHSFAFEBZWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl radical Chemical compound [CH2]CCC WPWHSFAFEBZWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAMWNSVVMBPHKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonoxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 AAMWNSVVMBPHKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 0 CN(N*=C)N*=C Chemical compound CN(N*=C)N*=C 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003047 N-acetyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004614 Process Aid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003676 hair preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001629 stilbenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of quaternary Polysiloxanes in detergent formulations.
- Drum washing machines like those in European households are common, usually wash in two steps.
- the Main wash is the laundry first with the help of a Detergent (powder or liquid) cleaned. Subsequently there are several rinses with clear water. The last one these rinses can be used as fabric softener for after-treatment be added. This should give the laundry a soft, Give a fluffy feel.
- the wash cycle and Fabric softener cycle usually carried out at different times.
- the consumer should now have a product that is easier to handle be given to hand, which repeated dosing processes replaced by a single dose.
- EP-A-0 151 938 describes so-called “two in One "detergent formulations, wherein anionic surfactants and quaternary alkylammonium surfactants with the aid of carrier materials be combined.
- Polydimethylsiloxanes can also be used as plasticizers Component used in "Two in One" detergent formulations become. If you want to combine the washing and softening process, however, such formulations have the disadvantage that Polydimethylsiloxanes due to their high hydrophobicity and oleophobicity on deposits and "build-up" effects in washing machines and run on the laundry.
- Quaternary polysiloxanes are also known and for example in EP-A-0 282 720 and in DE-A-37 19 086. Such connections are so far especially for their conditioning properties known in hair cosmetics.
- the object of the present invention was Provide detergent formulations that the laundry and Combine the softener process and a clear after washing leave a measurable softening effect in the textiles.
- radical M a divalent hydrocarbon radical with at least 4 carbon atoms, which has a hydroxyl group and which can be interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, the N atom of the radical Z with the radical M via that to the C-OH group in the radical M adjacent carbon atom are connected
- the two Z radicals have the same or different meaning.
- radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 the alkyl radicals having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl radicals having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, where the alkyl or alkenyl radicals can have hydroxyl groups and at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 has at least 10 carbon atoms, are alkyl radicals such as the methyl, ethyl, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl radical; Hydroxyalkyl radicals, such as the hydroxyethyl radical; Alkenyl residues, such as the allyl or vinyl residue.
- radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 7 , R 9 , R 10 the alkyl radicals with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl radicals with 2 to 22 carbon atoms, where the alkyl or alkenyl radicals can have hydroxyl groups, are alkyl radicals, such as methyl -, ethyl, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl; Hydroxyalkyl radicals, such as the hydroxyethyl radical; Alkenyl residues, such as the allyl or vinyl residue.
- R 8 the alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydrogen radical, are the hydrogen radical; Alkyl radicals such as the methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or butyl radical and hydroxyalkyl radicals such as the hydroxyethyl radical.
- a - an inorganic or organic anion, which derives from a common physiologically compatible acid HA, are Cl - , Br - , SO 4 2- , HSO 4 - , H 3 CSO 4 - , H 3 CCO 2 - , citrate and tosylate.
- radical Z 1 examples are H-, HO-, H 3 C-CH 2 O-, (H 3 C) 2 CHO-, H 3 C (CH 2 ) 7 -,
- Examples of Y a divalent hydrocarbon radical with at least 2 carbon atoms, which have a hydroxyl group and which can be interrupted by at least one oxygen or nitrogen atom, are - (CH 2 ) 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 6 -, - (CH 2 ) 12 -, - (CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -,
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 which are the same or different and are alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or benzyl radicals, or R 11 and R 13 or R 12 and R 14 can each be constituents of a bridging alkylene radical are alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or butyl radicals and benzyl radicals such as the benzyl radical. If R 11 and R 13 or R 12 and R 14 are constituents of a bridging alkylene radical, this part of the molecule can have the following structure:
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 radicals are the methyl and ethyl radicals.
- R 15 an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- alkyl radicals such as the methyl, ethyl, octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl radical.
- Detergents are the formulations that are commercially available in this field in the form of powders, granules, pearls, tablets, Pastes, gels or liquids. They are mostly considered Heavy duty detergent formulated with a universal range of uses essentially contain solid or liquid carriers and various functional ingredients such as surfactants, inorganic polymeric builders, enzymes, bleaching systems, optical brighteners, soil release polymers, foam inhibitors, Fillers, process aids, stabilizers.
- the surfactants used are predominantly anionic compounds such as alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), optionally in combination with fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol sulfates, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, ester sulfates and more recently also alkylpolyglycosides (APG) and fatty acid glucamides (GA); Zeolites, polycarboxylates, polyvinylpyrrolidones and amorphous anhydrous sodium silicates and layered silicates are also used as builders, with citric acid often being used as a co-builder; Components of the bleaching systems are in particular perborates and sodium percarbonate with the use of N-acetyl compounds, N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylene diamine or p-nonyloxybenzenesulfonate as activators; Stilbenes and distyrylbiphenyls are used as optical brighten
- the test formulations used are composed as follows: Liquid detergent base (component A): Anionic surfactants (Na-alkylbenzenesulfonate) 21.75% Soap 16.50% nonionic surfactants 10.60% amphoteric surfactants 1.40% 1,2 propylene glycol 11.20% water ad 100% Powder detergent base: (component B): Anionic surfactants (Na-alkylbenzenesulfonate) 15% Pentanatriumpyrophosphat 30% sodium 28% Optical brightener 0.1% carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% water glass 3.0% foam inhibitors 2.0% EDTA 0.2% Perfume 0.1% dye 0.7% Sodium sulfate and adjusting agents 17% water ad 100%
- component B 85 parts of component B were mixed with 15 parts of one Mixture consisting of 33.33% by weight of a silica (Sipernat 50, Degussa) and 66.66 wt .-% of a Talgamidoethylimidazoliniummethosulfats.
- test the textiles were washed in a normal household washing machine.
- the detergent dosage varied depending on the type of base, but was based on the usual dosage recommendations for water hardness range II and normally soiled laundry.
- the laundry was dried statically (on the clothesline) and examined and evaluated using a test panel.
- test conditions apparatus Miele washing machine W 715, W 719, W 918 Test fabric Cotton terry fabric, Frottana, col. 901; 100 x 50 cm ballast fabric smooth cotton fabric laundry detergent Liquid detergent base (component A) Powder detergent base (component B) Reference detergent (Ref): dosage according to the dosage recommendation for normally soiled laundry aftercare no drying time 24 hours under air-conditioned standard conditions
- test panel After the terry towels have dried, they are cut into 10 individual lobes and stored in an air-conditioned room until they are finally evaluated by the test panel.
- the maximum rating is a result of 50.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
cyclischen quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (IIa) und/oder
linearen quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (IIb) wobei
- M
- ein zweiwertiger Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, der eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweist und der durch mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom unterbrochen sein kann, wobei das N-Atom des Restes Z mit dem Rest M über das zur C-OH-Gruppe im Rest M benachbarte Kohlenstoffatom verbunden ist,
- Z
- ein Rest ist,
- R1, R2, R3 =
- Alkylreste mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Alkenylreste mit 2 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei die Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen können und mindestens einer der Reste R1, R2, R3 mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist,
- R4, R5, R7, R9, R10 =
- Alkylreste mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Alkenylreste mit 2 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei die Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen können,
- R6 =
- -O- oder -NR8- Rest,
- R8 =
- Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Wasserstoffrest,
- x =
- 2 bis 4,
- n =
- eine Zahl von 0 bis 200,
- A-=
- ein anorganisches oder organisches Anion, das von einer üblichen physiologisch verträglichen Säure HA herrührt,
- Z1 =
- ein H-, OH-, ein Alkyl- oder Alkoxyrest ist, oder die Bedeutung eines Kohlenwasserstoffrestes mit mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatomen hat, der eine oder mehrere Hydroxylgruppe(n) aufweist und durch ein oder mehrere Sauerstoffatome unterbrochen sein kann oder die Bedeutung des Restes hat,
- Z2 =
- die Gruppe bedeutet,
- Y =
- ein zweiwertiger Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 2 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, der eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweisen und der durch mindestens ein Sauerstoff- oder Stickstoffatom unterbrochen sein kann,
- R11,R12,R13,R14 =
- gleich oder verschieden sind und Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Benzylreste bedeuten oder jeweils R11 und R13 oder R12 und R14 Bestandteile eines verbrückenden Alkylenrestes sein können,
- R15 =
- ein Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen ist,
- m =
- ganze Zahl größer oder gleich 1 ist,
- n
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 150, insbesondere 5 bis 100,
- x
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 2 bis 4,
- m
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 10, insbesondere 1 bis 5 steht.
als Builder werden Zeolithe, Polycarboxylate, Polyvinylpyrrolidone und amorphe wasserfreie Natriumsilicate und Schichtsilikate mitverwendet, wobei vielfach Citronensäure als Co-Builder zum Einsatz kommt;
Bestandteile der Bleichsysteme sind insbesondere Perborate und Natriumpercarbonat unter Mitverwendung von N-Acetyl-Verbindungen, N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylendiamin oder p-Nonyloxybenzolsulfonat als Aktivatoren; als optische Aufheller kommen Stilbene und Distyrylbiphenyle und als Enzyme Proteasen, Amylasen, Cellulasen und zum Teil auch Lipasen zum Einsatz.
| Bestandteil | Flüssig-Waschmittel [%] A | Pulver-Waschmittel [%] B |
| Tenside | 20-50 | 10-15 |
| Builder | 1-15 | 25-50 |
| Co-Builder | 0-5 | 3-5 |
| Bleichmittel | - | 10-25 |
| Bleichmittelaktivatoren | - | 1-3 |
| Antiredepositationsadditive | 0-1 | 0-1 |
| Korrosionsinhibitoren | 2-6 | 2-6 |
| Stabilisatoren | 0-1 | 0-1 |
| Schauminhibitoren | - | 0,1-4,0 |
| Enzyme | 0,5-2 | 0,3-0,8 |
| Optischer Aufheller | 0,1-0,3 | 0,1-0,3 |
| Soil Repellents | +/- | +/- |
| Füllstoffe/Prozesshilfe | - | 5-30 |
| Wasser | ad 100 | ad 100 |
| Flüssigwaschmittelbase (Komponente A): | |
| Anionische Tenside (Na-alkylbenzolsulfonat) | 21,75 % |
| Seife | 16,50 % |
| nichtionische Tenside | 10,60 % |
| amphotere Tenside | 1,40 % |
| 1,2 Propylenglykol | 11,20 % |
| Wasser | ad 100 % |
| Pulverwaschmittelbase: (Komponente B): | |
| Anionische Tenside (Na-alkylbenzolsulfonat) | 15 % |
| Pentanatriumpyrophosphat | 30 % |
| Natriumperborat | 28 % |
| Optischer Aufheller | 0,1 % |
| Carboxymethylcellulose | 0,5 % |
| Wasserglas | 3,0 % |
| Schauminhibitoren | 2,0 % |
| EDTA | 0,2 % |
| Parfüm | 0,1 % |
| Farbstoff | 0,7 % |
| Natriumsulfat und Stellmittel | 17 % |
| Wasser | ad 100 % |
| (1) | Komponente A) | 95 % |
| Formel (III) | 5 % | |
| (2) | Komponente A) | 97,5 % |
| Formel (III) | 3,5 % | |
| (3) | Komponente B) | 97,5 % |
| Formel (III) | 3,5 % | |
| (4) | Komponente B) | 97,5 % |
| Formel (V) | 3,5 % | |
| (5) | Komponente A) | 95 % |
| Formel (IV) | 5 % | |
| (6) | Komponente A) | 97,5 % |
| Formel (IV) | 2,5 % | |
| (7) | Komponente B) | 97,5 % |
| Formel (IV) | 2,5 % | |
| (8) | Komponente B) | 97,5 % |
| Formel (VI) | 2,5 % |
| Prüfbedingungen: | |
| Apparatur | Miele Waschmaschine W 715, W 719, W 918 |
| Prüfgewebe | Baumwollfrottiergewebe, Fa. Frottana, Fb. 901; 100 x 50 cm |
| Ballastgewebe | glattes Baumwollgewebe |
| Waschmittel | Flüssigwaschmittelbase (Komponente A) Pulverwaschmittelbase (Komponente B) Referenzwaschmittel (Ref): |
| Dosiermenge | gemäß Dosierempfehlung für normal verschmutzte Wäsche |
| Nachbehandlung | keine |
| Trocknungsdauer | 24 Stunden unter klimatisierten Standardbedingungen |
Claims (9)
- Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (I) und/oder
cyclischen quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (IIa) und/oder
linearen quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (IIb) wobei- M
- ein zweiwertiger Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, der eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweist und der durch mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom unterbrochen sein kann, wobei das N-Atom des Restes Z mit dem Rest M über das zur C-OH-Gruppe im Rest M benachbarte Kohlenstoffatom verbunden ist,
- Z
- ein Rest ist,
- R1, R2, R3 =
- Alkylreste mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Alkenylreste mit 2 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei die Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen können und mindestens einer der Reste R1, R2, R3 mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist,
- R4, R5, R7, R9, R10 =
- Alkylreste mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Alkenylreste mit 2 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei die Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen können,
- R6 =
- -O- oder -NR8- Rest,
- R8 =
- Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Wasserstoffrest,
- x =
- 2 bis 4,
- n =
- eine Zahl von 0 bis 200,
- A-=
- ein anorganisches oder organisches Anion, das von einer üblichen physiologisch verträglichen Säure HA herrührt
- Z1 =
- ein H-, OH-, ein Alkyl- oder Alkoxyrest ist, oder die Bedeutung eines Kohlenwasserstoffrestes mit mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatomen hat, der eine oder mehrere Hydroxylgruppe(n) aufweist und durch ein oder mehrere Sauerstoffatome unterbrochen sein kann oder die Bedeutung des Restes
- Z2 =
- die Gruppe bedeutet,
- Y =
- ein zweiwertiger Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 2 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, der eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweisen und der durch mindestens ein Sauerstoff- oder Stickstoffatom unterbrochen sein kann,
- R11,R12,R13,R14 =
- gleich oder verschieden sind und Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Benzylreste bedeuten oder jeweils R11 und R13 oder R12 und R14 Bestandteile eines verbrückenden Alkylenrestes sein können,
- R15 =
- ein Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen ist,
- m =
- ganze Zahl größer oder gleich 1 ist
- Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (I) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- n
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 150, insbesondere 5 bis 100,
- x
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 2 bis 4
- Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (II a) und / oder Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen der allgemeinen Formel (II b), gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- n
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 0 bis 150, insbesondere 5 bis 100,
- x
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 2 bis 4,
- m
- für eine Zahl im Bereich von 1 bis 10, insbesondere 1 bis 5
- Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Y ein zweiwertiger Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 3 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.
- Waschmittel mit weichmachender Wirkung, enthaltend eine wirksame Menge mindestens einer der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I), (II a) oder (II b).
- Waschmittel mit weichmachender Wirkung, enthaltend mindestens eine der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I), (II a) oder (II b) und mindestens ein festes Trägermaterial.
- Waschmittel mit weichmachender Wirkung gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die festen Trägermaterialien ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der Kieselsäuren, Silicate, Natriumsilicate, Bentonite, Schichtsilicate, Zeolithe und Montmorillonite.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10051258 | 2000-10-16 | ||
| DE10051258A DE10051258A1 (de) | 2000-10-16 | 2000-10-16 | Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen in Waschmittelformulierungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1199350A1 true EP1199350A1 (de) | 2002-04-24 |
| EP1199350B1 EP1199350B1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=7659978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01123706A Expired - Lifetime EP1199350B1 (de) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-04 | Verwendung von quaternären Polysiloxanen in Waschmittelformulierungen |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6706680B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1199350B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002146682A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE236242T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU6999301A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2355583C (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10051258A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2194816T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL199981B1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003012020A3 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-10-30 | Procter & Gamble | Fabric care systems for providing anti-wrinkle benefits to fabric |
| US7294611B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2007-11-13 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Structured liquid fabric treatment compositions |
| US8268975B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2012-09-18 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Demulsification compositions, systems and methods for demulsifying and separating aqueous emulsions |
| CN105658749A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-06-08 | 鲁道夫有限公司 | 具有季铵化的杂环基团的聚硅氧烷 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6903061B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2005-06-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric care and perfume compositions and systems comprising cationic silicones and methods employing same |
| WO2004041912A1 (de) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-21 | Ge Bayer Silicones Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lineare polyamino- und/oder polyammonium-polysiloxancopolymere i |
| CN1705736B (zh) * | 2002-11-04 | 2010-05-26 | 宝洁公司 | 包含不同硅氧烷的织物处理组合物及该组合物的制备方法和使用方法 |
| DE60316340T2 (de) | 2002-11-04 | 2008-06-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati | Flüssige waschmittelzusammensetzung |
| AU2003288970A1 (en) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-06-07 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Fabric treatment compositions comprising oppositely charged polymers |
| DE50309853D1 (de) * | 2002-11-04 | 2008-06-26 | Momentive Performance Mat Inc | Lineare polyamino- und/oder polyammonium-polysiloxancopolymere ii |
| DE10259291B4 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-02-23 | Rudolf Gmbh & Co. Kg Chemische Fabrik | Hochkonzentrierte, selbstemulgierende Zubereitungen, enthaltend Organopolysiloxane und Alkylammoniumverbindungen und deren Verwendung in wässrigen Systemen |
| US7179777B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2007-02-20 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Laundry treatment compositions comprising a polymer with a cationic and polydialkylsiloxane moiety |
| DE10316662A1 (de) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Ge Bayer Silicones Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reaktive Amino- und/oder Ammonium-Polysiloxanverbindungen |
| US7759408B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2010-07-20 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Silicon-containing monomers end-capped with polymerizable cationic hydrophilic groups |
| US7622512B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-11-24 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Cationic hydrophilic siloxanyl monomers |
| US20070161769A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Schorzman Derek A | Polymerizable silicon-containing monomer bearing pendant cationic hydrophilic groups |
| US7960447B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2011-06-14 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Cationic end-capped siloxane prepolymer for reduced cross-link density |
| US7468397B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-12-23 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Polymerizable siloxane-quaternary amine copolymers |
| US20080152540A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Packaging solutions |
| US7691917B2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2010-04-06 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Silcone-containing prepolymers |
| US9540489B2 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2017-01-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Blocky cationic organopolysiloxane |
| EP3360917A1 (de) | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-15 | CHT R. BEITLICH GmbH | Bodenkonditionierer für die reduzierung der sodizität und dispersion zur verbesserung der wassermobilität in verschiedenen böden |
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| US3624120A (en) * | 1969-12-22 | 1971-11-30 | Procter & Gamble | Quaternary ammonium salts of cyclic siloxane polymers |
| GB2131821A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-06-27 | Oreal | Polyquaternary polysiloxane polymers |
| EP0282720A2 (de) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-09-21 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Polyquaternäre Polysiloxan-Polymere, deren Herstellung und Verwendung in kosmetischen Zubereitungen |
| DE3719086C1 (de) * | 1987-06-06 | 1988-10-27 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Diquartaere Polysiloxane,deren Herstellung und Verwendung in kosmetischen Zubereitungen |
| US5637295A (en) * | 1994-12-03 | 1997-06-10 | Wella Aktiengesellschaft | Methods and compositions for permanent shaping of hair |
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| DE19944416A1 (de) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Klarspülmittel |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3402698A1 (de) | 1984-01-26 | 1985-08-08 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von fuellstoffhaltigen polyurethan (harnstoff)-massen, fuellstoffhaltige polyurethan(harnstoff)-massen und ihre verwendung |
-
2000
- 2000-10-16 DE DE10051258A patent/DE10051258A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-08-20 CA CA002355583A patent/CA2355583C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-11 AU AU69993/01A patent/AU6999301A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-04 ES ES01123706T patent/ES2194816T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-04 DE DE50100137T patent/DE50100137D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-04 EP EP01123706A patent/EP1199350B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-04 AT AT01123706T patent/ATE236242T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-05 US US09/971,556 patent/US6706680B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-15 PL PL350121A patent/PL199981B1/pl unknown
- 2001-10-16 JP JP2001318402A patent/JP2002146682A/ja active Pending
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| US3624120A (en) * | 1969-12-22 | 1971-11-30 | Procter & Gamble | Quaternary ammonium salts of cyclic siloxane polymers |
| GB2131821A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-06-27 | Oreal | Polyquaternary polysiloxane polymers |
| EP0282720A2 (de) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-09-21 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Polyquaternäre Polysiloxan-Polymere, deren Herstellung und Verwendung in kosmetischen Zubereitungen |
| DE3719086C1 (de) * | 1987-06-06 | 1988-10-27 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Diquartaere Polysiloxane,deren Herstellung und Verwendung in kosmetischen Zubereitungen |
| US5637295A (en) * | 1994-12-03 | 1997-06-10 | Wella Aktiengesellschaft | Methods and compositions for permanent shaping of hair |
| EP0837104A2 (de) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-04-22 | Dow Corning Corporation | Ammoniumsiloxanemulsionen und ihre Verwendung als Faserbehandlungsmittel |
| DE19852621A1 (de) * | 1998-11-14 | 2000-05-18 | Hansa Textilchemie Gmbh | Permanentes Mittel zum Ausrüsten von Fasern oder aus Faser bestehenden Produkten |
| DE19853720A1 (de) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Allzweckreiniger mit diquaternärem-Polysiloxan |
| DE19944416A1 (de) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Klarspülmittel |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003012020A3 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-10-30 | Procter & Gamble | Fabric care systems for providing anti-wrinkle benefits to fabric |
| US6818610B2 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2004-11-16 | Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric care systems for providing anti-wrinkle benefits to fabric |
| US7196048B2 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2007-03-27 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Fabric care systems for providing anti-wrinkle benefits to fabric |
| US7294611B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2007-11-13 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Structured liquid fabric treatment compositions |
| US8268975B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2012-09-18 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Demulsification compositions, systems and methods for demulsifying and separating aqueous emulsions |
| US8796433B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2014-08-05 | Kroff Chemical Company | Demulsification compositions, systems and methods for demulsifying and separating aqueous emulsions |
| US9308474B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2016-04-12 | Kroff Chemical Company | Demulsification compositions, systems and methods for demulsifying and separating aqueous emulsions |
| CN105658749A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-06-08 | 鲁道夫有限公司 | 具有季铵化的杂环基团的聚硅氧烷 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2355583C (en) | 2009-10-20 |
| EP1199350B1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
| PL199981B1 (pl) | 2008-11-28 |
| US20020068689A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
| DE10051258A1 (de) | 2002-04-25 |
| JP2002146682A (ja) | 2002-05-22 |
| AU6999301A (en) | 2002-05-23 |
| ES2194816T3 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
| DE50100137D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
| PL350121A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 |
| CA2355583A1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
| US6706680B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
| ATE236242T1 (de) | 2003-04-15 |
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