EP1194974A1 - Systeme de pile a combustible et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un tel systeme - Google Patents

Systeme de pile a combustible et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un tel systeme

Info

Publication number
EP1194974A1
EP1194974A1 EP00952898A EP00952898A EP1194974A1 EP 1194974 A1 EP1194974 A1 EP 1194974A1 EP 00952898 A EP00952898 A EP 00952898A EP 00952898 A EP00952898 A EP 00952898A EP 1194974 A1 EP1194974 A1 EP 1194974A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
subsystems
subsystem
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00952898A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Baldauf
Rittmar Von Helmolt
Manfred Poppinger
Joachim Grosse
Manfred Waidhas
Armin Datz
Ulrich Gebhardt
Konrad Mund
Meike Reizig
Rolf BRÜCK
Jörg-Roman KONIECZNY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19930877A external-priority patent/DE19930877C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19962681A external-priority patent/DE19962681A1/de
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH, Siemens AG filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of EP1194974A1 publication Critical patent/EP1194974A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H01M8/2495—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies of fuel cells of different types
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system and a method for operating a fuel cell system with dynamic power control by connecting at least one subsystem kept ready for operation, with a low-voltage, starter system and / or an on-board power supply.
  • a fuel line system which comprises several fuel cell stacks, e.g. from EP 0 677 411 Bl.
  • a division of the fuel cell module into several stacks is proposed for design reasons, because either the amount of individual cells required would have overwhelmed a stack of a stationary fuel cell system or the weight distribution of the 7 ⁇ drive unit in the vehicle required a division into two stacks.
  • Another disadvantage of the known systems with fuel cell systems is that neither low-voltage nor additional units, e.g. are available for summer and / or night operation of the stationary fuel cell system, for on-board power supply or as an additional unit for dynamic operation of the mobile system.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to create a fuel cell system which has a dynamic power adjustment and / or a low-voltage unit. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for operating such a system.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system which comprises at least two separately operable subsystems.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system in which at least two subsystems are operated separately.
  • the subsystems have separate voltage regulation and / or power electronics.
  • Subsystems electrically connected in series to a maximum voltage of the system such as small part systems with many cells but lower electrode area (also called “strip cell '", is characterized in that different Liehe potentials in the cell plane of a fuel cell consist unit) This connection is taken into account in the design of the starter system.
  • subsystems with the same voltage which are connected in series by strip cells, for example
  • can be connected in parallel Electric motor required voltage can be guaranteed.
  • At least one subsystem of the system comprises at least one high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HTM) fuel cell and / or a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell.
  • HTM high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • a “subsystem *” is a stack or stack with at least one fuel cell unit.
  • Several subsystems can be in one housing as well as in separate housings be housed.
  • two subsystems can be activated, operated, controlled and regulated separately, i.e. independently.
  • Each of the subsystems brings the entire operating voltage, unless a subsystem is only used as a low-voltage unit.
  • the independence of the subsystems encompasses both the temporal and the operational components, which means that the subsystems can be operated one after the other and secondly side by side with different modes of operation.
  • a combination of the two variants, whereby a subsystem is started later and operated under different operating conditions, is also included.
  • a system comprises 3 subsystems with the following power distribution: 10kW, 20kW and again 20kW.
  • a 20kW block is sufficient at the start, with an appropriate number of volts, if necessary, the other blocks are then switched on for dynamic performance increase.
  • Each subsystem brings the full start and / or operating voltage.
  • the stacks are connected in parallel and / or in series:
  • the fuel cell system has 3 separate stacks that can be connected in series and / or in parallel:
  • Stack 1 is used for supplying stand-by power and has a low operating voltage (number of electrodes) and medium current output (electrode area),
  • stack 2 has a higher number of electrodes (voltage) and also medium current output, finally stack 3 has the full operating voltage at high current output, but it takes a long time to reach operating temperature.
  • stack 1 and 2 are connected in series, they also bring the full operating voltage, i.e. the voltage that the system needs to start and which corresponds, for example, to the voltage of stack 3, although they cannot achieve the final power (in terms of current / electrode area ) of the system, but they are quickly warm and ready for use.
  • Stack 1 and 2 connected in series can start the vehicle and As soon as Stack 3 is warm, it takes over the drive, Stack 1 and Stack 2 are switched off or can be switched on again, e.g.
  • Stack 1 when overtaking, Stack 1 can be used separately for on-board power supply if the full performance of all three stacks is not required for the drive , For operation on the freeway, even stacks 1 and 2, connected in series with one another, can be connected in parallel to stack 3, all of the electrode surfaces of the 3 separate stacks being used to generate electricity and to drive the vehicle.
  • the system comprises 10 subsystems of 5 kW each.
  • the maintenance / repair is particularly easy because the individual systems are small and can easily be replaced in the event of defects / maintenance.
  • a switchable subsystem can include conventional fuel cells (large-area, high-amperage fuel cells) or strip cells (small area, high voltages when connected in series), the requirement being either higher voltage or more current.
  • the subsystems can be the same or different according to the invention. In particular, they can be the same or different in terms of performance, size, material, output and / or type of fuel cell, e.g. conventional fuel cell (uniform potential on the base plate) and / or strip cell (different potentials on the base plate); PEM, HTM fuel cell, PAFC (Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) fuel cell, MCFC (Molten-Carbonate-Fuel-Cell),
  • DMFC Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • Operable separately means that the subsystems can be activated independently, that is to say separately, and kept running.
  • the subsystems are activated, for example, by cooling, process gas supply and / or electrically.
  • One subsystem can preheat the other, for example via its exhaust gas.
  • HTM fuel cells are known from the same applicant's parallel application of the same name, to which reference is hereby made in full.
  • An HTM (high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell also called HTM fuel cell unit, comprises the following components: a membrane and / or matrix that contains a self-dissociating and / or autoprotolytic electrolyte, chemically and / or physically bound, contains two electrodes , which are located on opposite sides of the membrane and / or matrix, adjacent to at least one electrode, a reaction chamber which is closed off from the environment by a respective pole plate and / or a corresponding edge construction, devices being provided through which process gas enters the Reaction chamber can be brought in and out.
  • the structural parts of the HTM fuel cell are designed so that they can withstand low pressures of up to 0.3 bar and temperatures of up to 300 ° C in the long term.
  • the fuel cell system is operated in combination in continuous and discontinuous operation, ie within one Operating phase for power peaks, at least one additional subsystem can be switched on quickly, so that good performance dynamics arise for the use of the system in mobile and stationary systems.
  • At least a small subsystem e.g. a low-voltage system as a heater that is operated in continuous operation, which either keeps the operating temperature or another temperature above the crystallization point of the electrolyte (e.g. above 40 ° C) and then heats up the remaining subsystems for the start.
  • this subsystem is preferably operated at maximum thermal output at least during the rest phase, where it serves to maintain the minimum temperature (e.g. for an autothermal starting process).
  • the period in which the fuel cell system is switched off is referred to as the rest phase.
  • the efficiency of the subsystem in the direction of higher power generation or higher thermal output can be regulated by setting the cell voltage.
  • the control can also be carried out via a control unit according to a predetermined algorithm, taking into account some measurement data and / or the desired current, heating power and / or the driver's request etc.
  • the setting to achieve higher thermal performance is used, for example, to maintain the operating temperature.
  • the “starter system” is not operated in continuous operation, but either only this limitedly small subsystem is initially heated up during a cold start, or a temperature in the subsystem that exceeds is reached via insulation, latent heat storage and / or heating is the crystallization point of the electrolyte, so that an autothermal heating of the starter system can be done. It is advantageous if there is a PEM / HTM system combination in which the PEM system is the starter system because the PEM system can be started autothermally even at temperatures above 0 ° C, whereas an HTM system with a Broensted acid such as For example, phosphoric acid as an electrolyte can only be started autothermally above 40 ° C. An additional energy store, such as a battery, can also be provided for stationary operation.
  • the "starter system *" is the subsystem that enables partial load operation, which heats up further subsystems via the waste heat and electrical power output when switching to the next higher load operation (switching on further subsystems) and / or when switching to full load operation, which is then switched on can be.
  • an additional energy store such as a battery
  • the drive unit provides the energy for the start and at least 3-5 minutes driving time.
  • the waste heat from a smaller subsystem such as that from the low-voltage or starter system, can be used.
  • a modular media preparation is provided so that the periphery of the system, such as a fuel cell stack, reformer, compressor (blower) and fan, can each be operated in the optimum effective range.
  • the aggregates in the stack periphery can therefore be present in several modules with smaller units, so that, for example, a reformer module, among several, during part-load operation of a fuel cell stack Is operated at full load, with each of the devices then running in the optimal effective range, ie with optimal fuel utilization.
  • the average size of a HTM or PEM fuel cell subsystem in a fuel cell system used for electrical traction includes 300 fuel cell units in electrical traction.
  • a starter system provides the voltage required for the start, e.g. 100-500 V, preferably 200 V, an output in the range from 1 to 35 kW is sufficient, in particular between 10 and 20 kW.
  • the starter system comprises at least part of stripe cells, so that the necessary voltages can be produced in a small space.
  • a system that is used for the low-voltage on-board power supply (e.g. 42 volt on-board electrical system) comprises, for example, 20 - 60 fuel cell units and has a maximum output of approx. 1 to 10 kW.
  • a series connection of the cooling is useful, so that the cooling of a subsystem can be used as a heater for another subsystem. It is also advantageous if several stacks are connected in series during air operation, so that the exhaust air from the first stack can be used to heat the next stack.
  • the series connection of the stacks can also be advantageous in single-stack operation of the multi-stack system, because the heat from the exhaust air from the operated stack serves to maintain the operating temperature of the stack that is currently at rest.
  • an air filter for cooling and / or reaction air is advantageous.
  • at least two subsystems are made of HTM fuel cells.
  • the cooling of the two subsystems is preferably connected in parallel in the warm operating state, because the two subsystems have the same operating temperature.
  • a gas purification is preferably provided in an HTM subsystem with reformer in order to free the process gas from CO or to reduce the CO content of the residual gas.
  • At least one subsystem comprises at least one HTM fuel cell and one subsystem comprises at least one polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • the cooling of the two subsystems can be connected in series when the system is warm, because the heated cooling medium from the PEM fuel cell subsystem is still cool enough to surround the subsystem with HTM fuel cells that are operated at a significantly higher temperature. to cool.
  • a two-part cooling system when combining at least one PEM fuel cell subsystem with an HTM fuel cell subsystem, a two-part cooling system can be provided, which comprises a low-temperature cooling circuit and a high-temperature cooling circuit.
  • CO gas purification is provided, for example in the form of a hydrogen-permeable barrier membrane. This combination is particularly suitable for a system with on-board power supply, with the PEM subsystem preferably being used for the low-voltage on-board power supply.
  • the fuel cell system is dried by heating during the rest phase, so that e.g. in short-term operation, when the rest and / or stress phase are short, the stack temperature is always kept above the boiling point of the water. This can be done by setting a
  • Maintenance load can be achieved during the resting phase.
  • the maintenance load setting can preferably be adjusted so that a distinction can be made as to whether the fuel cell system is switched off for 3 weeks or 3 hours.
  • At least one subsystem and / or a cooling system is blown through and / or blown dry when the system is switched off with process and / or inert gas, either in combination with drying by heating or alone, so that when starting the
  • Cooling System is as water-free as possible and / or the cooling system is as empty as possible. Emptying the cooling system is completely independent of drying the stack by blow-drying.
  • a continuous check of the water content of the emerging process and / or inert gas during dry blowing shows when the cell / stack is dry and the fan or the compressor can be switched off.
  • the control mechanism by which the air was let in for dry blowing is then preferably closed, and the stack is thus sealed off from the onset of atmospheric moisture.
  • the cooling medium which is externally stored during the rest phase according to a variant of this embodiment of the method, can be stored externally during starting and / or before starting, for example by means of a stack of the system provided for this purpose, by using waste heat and / or by a latent heat store. heated and let in as a heating medium in the cooling system of a subsystem to be started.
  • the blower required for this can be the compressor and is supplied, for example, with power from and / or another subsystem of the fuel cell system and / or via an external energy store, in particular an electrical one.
  • a subsystem of the fuel cell system can be provided for starting power supply, for example for supplying the units such as heating for process gas preheating, compressors, reformers, blowers etc.
  • the entire fuel cell system is referred to as a fuel cell system, which has at least two subsystems that either form two separate stacks or are integrated in one housing.
  • the subsystems each have at least one fuel cell unit, the corresponding process gas supply and discharge channels, the end plates, the cooling system with cooling medium and the entire fuel cell stack peripherals (reformer, compressor, blower, heating for process gas preheating, etc.).
  • the stack consists of at least one fuel cell unit with the associated lines and at least part of the cooling system.
  • a fuel cell unit comprises at least one membrane and / or matrix with a chemically and / or physically bound electrolyte, two electrodes, which are located on opposite sides of the membrane and / or matrix, adjacent to at least one electrode, a reaction chamber, each of which has a pole plate and / or a corresponding edge construction against the environment is completed, devices being provided through which process gas can be introduced and removed into the reaction chamber.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention enables, for example, a differentiated power output of the system that can be dynamically adapted to the respective conditions.
  • a subsystem can only be provided for activation during accelerations, which is always kept at operating temperature during its idle phase via the cooling circuit of another subsystem that is in operation, via a latent heat store or another device (heating, insulation, maintenance load).
  • Latent heat storage devices for faster heating of the cooling water in vehicles are known.
  • phase change materials such as barium hydroxide etc. are used as storage media. The heat absorption or release takes place by melting or recrystallization of the materials.
  • a subsystem as a "low-voltage unit * or" starter system * for summer or night operation, for starting and / or for on-board power supply (auxiliary power heating, air conditioning, heating, radio, etc.) as APU (Auxiliary Power
  • This subsystem can then be operated with a low nominal power, for example 1-50 kW (corresponds to approximately 5 to 20% of the nominal power of the overall system).
  • the starter system differs from the low-voltage unit in the number of volts it produces, because the starter system supplies the volts that the vehicle needs to start.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible, ainsi qu'un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un tel système, comprenant des moyens de régulation de puissance dynamiques par commutation d'au moins un système partiel, maintenu prêt à fonctionner, un système de démarrage et/ou un groupe basse tension pour fonctionnement en service de nuit et/ou l'alimentation électrique de bord.
EP00952898A 1999-07-05 2000-07-04 Systeme de pile a combustible et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un tel systeme Ceased EP1194974A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19930877A DE19930877C2 (de) 1999-07-05 1999-07-05 Brennstoffzellenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Brennstoffzellenanlage
DE19930877 1999-07-05
DE19962681 1999-12-23
DE19962681A DE19962681A1 (de) 1999-12-23 1999-12-23 Brennstoffzellenanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenanlage
PCT/DE2000/002169 WO2001003223A1 (fr) 1999-07-05 2000-07-04 Systeme de pile a combustible et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un tel systeme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1194974A1 true EP1194974A1 (fr) 2002-04-10

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EP00952898A Ceased EP1194974A1 (fr) 1999-07-05 2000-07-04 Systeme de pile a combustible et procede permettant de faire fonctionner un tel systeme

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20020187375A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1194974A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003520390A (fr)
CN (1) CN1222069C (fr)
CA (1) CA2378242A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001003223A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1222069C (zh) 2005-10-05
CA2378242A1 (fr) 2001-01-11
CN1384984A (zh) 2002-12-11
US20020187375A1 (en) 2002-12-12
WO2001003223A1 (fr) 2001-01-11
JP2003520390A (ja) 2003-07-02

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