EP1190429A1 - Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall - Google Patents
Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetallInfo
- Publication number
- EP1190429A1 EP1190429A1 EP00929559A EP00929559A EP1190429A1 EP 1190429 A1 EP1190429 A1 EP 1190429A1 EP 00929559 A EP00929559 A EP 00929559A EP 00929559 A EP00929559 A EP 00929559A EP 1190429 A1 EP1190429 A1 EP 1190429A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- limiting device
- self
- current limiting
- recovering current
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal, which contains electrodes made of solid metal for connection to an external circuit to be protected and a plurality of compressor spaces which are partially filled with liquid metal and are located one behind the other between the electrodes and which are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies and by insulating partition walls with connecting channels.
- a single-pole self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains two electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged circular connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the event of a current limitation, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density.
- the electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current.
- the connection channels fill up again Liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again.
- the partitions have to withstand the pressure increase when liquid metal evaporates and are made of high-quality ceramic material with a high temperature resistance and a high burn-off resistance compared to arcing.
- a current limiting device with only one compressor chamber is described and vacuum, protective gas or an insulating liquid is mentioned as the medium above the liquid level.
- the connecting channels of adjacent partition walls are offset from one another.
- the known current limiting devices are equipped with current-conducting connection channels of circular cross-section.
- the predetermined, unchangeable opening cross section of the connecting channels essentially determines the nominal current carrying capacity of the current limiting device.
- a current limiting device is therefore only suitable for a single nominal current range ex works. There is no possibility for the user to change the current limiting device for a higher or lower nominal current range.
- problems also occur at the sealing joints between the connected insulating bodies. The creeping ability of liquid metals places high demands on the tightness of the current limiting devices.
- the known current limiting devices are characterized by a partially intensive structure and a high installation effort.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a current limiting device which can be produced inexpensively and can be adjusted to a desired nominal current range using simple means.
- a current limiting device of the type mentioned at the outset the object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of the independent claim, while advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
- the current limiting device according to the invention requires only a few parts, namely two electrodes, a two-part molded housing serving as an insulating body, and means known per se for connecting the lower part and cover, such as screw, clamp, adhesive, welded or press-fit connections. This also considerably reduces the effort required to provide, assemble and seal the remaining parts. Creeping of liquid metal is no longer a problem.
- the lid and lower part, including the partition walls, are made of heat-resistant material, such as heat-resistant thermoplastic or thermoset, mica or ceramic.
- the connection channels which are open at the top and designed as elongated holes, allow the lower part to be easily removed from the mold.
- a certain partial cross section of the filled connection channels is defined as the current conducting cross section and thus the nominal current range.
- the nominal current carrying capacity increases with the level.
- the fill level can be determined, adjusted or changed by the manufacturer or user. This allows an optimal adaptation to the conditions of the systems to be protected with a minimal number of sizes of a type series of current limiting devices.
- connection channels each associated with one of the partition walls leads to a meandering current path and to an arc elongation in the event of a current limitation.
- sealants teln which can preferably be designed as a molded or molded seal or seals.
- connection channels with the usual elongated hole shape there is a linear dependency between the fill level of the liquid metal and the current-carrying cross-section.
- this dependence is progressive in the case of an elongated oblong shape that widens conically upwards, which can be used for a significant expansion of the nominal current ranges.
- the electrodes can be easily stored in the lower part by means known per se and fixed with the assembly of the cover. It reduces the assembly effort if the electrodes are fixed in the lower part, preferably simultaneously with the shaping process of the lower part. A full-surface covering of the corresponding inner surfaces by the electrodes facilitates their fixation and serves the stability of the current limiting device.
- a reclosable filler opening at a suitable point on the molded housing makes it easy to fill the current limiting device with liquid metal in the factory or at the customer, or to fill it or adjust its fill level to the required nominal current range.
- GalnSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness.
- An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
- the current limiting device described above as a single-pole device can advantageously be arranged side by side of the same type of current Extend limiting devices to a multi-pole device.
- Such a multi-pole current limiting device expediently has a common lower part with current paths insulated from one another in accordance with the number of poles and / or via a common cover.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective, partially exploded view of a current limiting device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 the top view of the current limiting device according to FIG. 1 with the cover removed
- Figure 3 the longitudinal section A-A of FIG. 2
- Figure 4 the cross section B-B of Fig. 2;
- FIG. 5 the cross section C-C according to FIG. 2 offset with respect to the latter
- FIG. 6 the cross section B-B according to FIG. 2 for an embodiment variant of the current limiting device according to FIG. 1.
- the self-recovering current limiting device 1 with liquid metal 3 is designed with three poles and serves to protect a three-phase system.
- the current limiting device 1 is enclosed by an insulating body designed as a molded housing 5.
- the molded housing 5 consists of three identical trough-like lower parts 7 arranged closely next to one another and a common cover 9.
- the lower parts 7 are in the assembled state from the cover 9 via non-positive and / or positive connecting means, for example overlapping clamping means in the form of clamping rails, clamping screws and clamping nuts, closed, a sprayed on the underside of the lid 9 sealant 1 1 ensures the necessary tightness of the molded housing 5 inwards and outwards.
- the connecting means are not shown for reasons of clarity.
- Two electrodes 13 made of copper are stored in the associated lower part 7 for each pole.
- the electrodes 13 are each provided with a connecting conductor 15 which projects laterally from the molded housing 5.
- the lower parts 7 are divided into compression spaces 19 by transversely arranged partition walls 17.
- the intermediate walls 17 are formed in one piece with the respective lower part 7.
- a connecting channel 21 is formed in each intermediate wall 17 and is open at the top when the cover 9 is removed.
- the compressor rooms 17, which are located one behind the other in each case in a lower part 7, are filled up to a certain height with liquid metal 3, for example a GalnSn alloy.
- the connecting channels 21 are also filled to a certain extent, so that there is a continuous current path between the electrodes 13 via the liquid metal 3 under nominal current conditions.
- the cross-section which is decisive for the nominal current range and is filled by the liquid metal 3, is determined by the fill level of the liquid metal 3.
- the connecting channels 21 of adjacent intermediate walls 17 are arranged offset from one another, so that a meandering current path results.
- the lower parts 7 have outer walls 23, 24 and intermediate walls 17 of the same height. Each lower part 7 is thus tightly connected to the cover 9 both via its four outer walls 23, 24 and also via the intermediate walls 17.
- the intermediate walls 17 and the outer walls 23, 24 are designed accordingly. Thereafter, the inner edges 25 of the connecting channels 21 are slightly inclined to the outside and the wall surfaces 27 of the intermediate walls 17 are positioned slightly obliquely to the interior of the intermediate walls 17.
- the outer walls 23 and 24 have inner surfaces 29 and 30, respectively, which are set slightly outwards. The opposite inner surfaces 30 are completely covered by the electrodes 13.
- the fill level of the liquid metal 3 and the conductive cross section of the connecting channels 21, which is fulfilled by the liquid metal 3 are in an almost linear relationship.
- partition walls 18 are provided, the inner edges 26 of which extend in such a way that the connecting channels 22 formed thereby widen considerably towards their open end.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but also encompasses all embodiments having the same effect in the sense of the invention.
- the invention can be designed in such a way that the electrodes are simultaneously molded into the lower parts when they are shaped.
- a reclosable fill opening for the liquid metal can be provided in the lower parts, preferably in the lower area, through which additional or excess amounts of liquid metal can also be added or removed.
Landscapes
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19927065 | 1999-06-15 | ||
DE19927065A DE19927065A1 (de) | 1999-06-15 | 1999-06-15 | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall |
PCT/EP2000/004818 WO2000077811A1 (de) | 1999-06-15 | 2000-05-26 | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1190429A1 true EP1190429A1 (de) | 2002-03-27 |
EP1190429B1 EP1190429B1 (de) | 2004-06-23 |
Family
ID=7911174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00929559A Expired - Lifetime EP1190429B1 (de) | 1999-06-15 | 2000-05-26 | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6603384B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1190429B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3643077B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19927065A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000077811A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107248729A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-13 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 一种新型液态金属限流装置及方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005006368A1 (de) | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-20 | Abb Research Ltd | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur stromschaltung mit einem fluidbetriebenen flüssigmetall-stromschalter |
JP3955956B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-30 | 2007-08-08 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | 誘電泳動力を用いた自己回復性限流ヒューズ |
WO2009055763A2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Kowalik Daniel P | Micro-fluidic bubble fuse |
JP5050265B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-10-17 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | 自己回復性限流ヒューズ |
US8953314B1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2015-02-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Passive heat sink for dynamic thermal management of hot spots |
CN108963998B (zh) * | 2018-06-05 | 2022-04-15 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | 旋转式液态金属限流器 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1595061A (en) * | 1922-10-17 | 1926-08-03 | Valerius Johann | Electric cut-out |
US3249722A (en) * | 1963-09-24 | 1966-05-03 | Jr John E Lindberg | Electrical relay employing liquid metal in a capillary tube that is wet by the liquid metal |
US3331937A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1967-07-18 | Gen Electric | Liquid metal switch |
US3381248A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1968-04-30 | Harold P. Furth | Magnetic pressure liquid circuit breaker |
FR1503721A (fr) * | 1966-10-11 | 1967-12-01 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs électriques pour courants intenses |
US3389359A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1968-06-18 | Gen Electric | Change of state current limiter devices with stacked segment construction |
DE1788143B1 (de) * | 1967-04-19 | 1972-12-21 | Gen Electric | Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung |
US3389360A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1968-06-18 | Gen Electric | Change of state current limiter having flat plate construction |
US3699489A (en) * | 1970-03-28 | 1972-10-17 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Current limiting device |
US3838373A (en) * | 1970-12-25 | 1974-09-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Self-recovering current limiter |
DE2652506A1 (de) * | 1976-11-18 | 1978-05-24 | Gec Elliott Automation Ltd | Elektrische hochstromvorrichtungen |
GB2036443B (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1983-04-13 | Gec Elliott Automation Ltd | Liquidi-metal switch |
SU922911A1 (ru) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-04-23 | Kb Polt Inst Kujbysheva | Токоограничитель 1 |
SU1045296A2 (ru) * | 1980-12-30 | 1983-09-30 | Предприятие П/Я В-8574 | Переключатель |
US4429295A (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1984-01-31 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Variable impedance current limiting device |
SU1076981A1 (ru) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-29 | Куйбышевский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени политехнический институт им.В.В.Куйбышева | Токоограничитель |
US4510356A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-09 | Malm John A | Liquid metal switch apparatus |
DD282778A5 (de) | 1989-04-26 | 1990-09-19 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | Stromgesteuerte abschaltvorrichtung |
US5471185A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1995-11-28 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
US5581192A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-12-03 | Eaton Corporation | Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
-
1999
- 1999-06-15 DE DE19927065A patent/DE19927065A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-05-16 US US10/009,719 patent/US6603384B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 JP JP2001503195A patent/JP3643077B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 DE DE50006892T patent/DE50006892D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 EP EP00929559A patent/EP1190429B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 WO PCT/EP2000/004818 patent/WO2000077811A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0077811A1 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107248729A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-13 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 一种新型液态金属限流装置及方法 |
CN107248729B (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-04 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 一种液态金属限流装置及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003502797A (ja) | 2003-01-21 |
DE19927065A1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
DE50006892D1 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
US6603384B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
JP3643077B2 (ja) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1190429B1 (de) | 2004-06-23 |
WO2000077811A1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE10351766B4 (de) | Metallgekapselte Schaltvorrichtung | |
EP1851839B1 (de) | Schaltanlage | |
DE3715053A1 (de) | Metallgekapselte, mit druckgas gefuellte, mehrphasige hochspannungsschaltanlage | |
DE60126185T2 (de) | Gasisolierte Schaltanlage | |
EP1190429B1 (de) | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall | |
DE2438951C2 (de) | Blechgekapselte, vorgefertigte Mittelspannungs-Schaltanlage mit mehreren luftisolierten Zellen kleiner Abmessungen | |
EP0003236B1 (de) | Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit durch Trennwände unterteiltem Isolierstoffgehäuse | |
EP1629581B1 (de) | Trennschalteranordnung | |
EP1173873A1 (de) | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall | |
EP1157401B1 (de) | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall | |
EP1166309B1 (de) | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall | |
DE19909559C1 (de) | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall | |
DE19903940C1 (de) | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall | |
DE19903939B4 (de) | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall | |
DE19612273C1 (de) | Kontaktstücke für Lasttrennschalter | |
DE19903776A1 (de) | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung | |
DE10246579B4 (de) | Sammelschienenblock | |
EP1173860A2 (de) | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall | |
DE19905372C1 (de) | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall | |
DE102015210135A1 (de) | Stromwandler und Schaltanlage mit einem Stromwandler | |
DE20121796U1 (de) | Polarmatur | |
WO2003009316A1 (de) | Durchführungswandler für eine elektrische schaltanlage | |
DE19926005A1 (de) | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall | |
DE3410555A1 (de) | Mittelspannungsschaltanlage | |
DE2626436A1 (de) | Leistungsschalter fuer eine gekapselte hochspannungsschaltanlage |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20020105 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR IT SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: GERMAN |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50006892 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20040729 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20050324 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20080523 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20080523 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20080513 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20100129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090602 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20080425 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20091201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090526 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090527 |