EP1183456A1 - Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner avec peu d'emissions un systeme de reservoir a carburant monte en particulier dans un vehicule automobile - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner avec peu d'emissions un systeme de reservoir a carburant monte en particulier dans un vehicule automobile

Info

Publication number
EP1183456A1
EP1183456A1 EP01913544A EP01913544A EP1183456A1 EP 1183456 A1 EP1183456 A1 EP 1183456A1 EP 01913544 A EP01913544 A EP 01913544A EP 01913544 A EP01913544 A EP 01913544A EP 1183456 A1 EP1183456 A1 EP 1183456A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel tank
tank system
pressure
vehicle
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01913544A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1183456B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Streib
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1183456A1 publication Critical patent/EP1183456A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1183456B1 publication Critical patent/EP1183456B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to control devices for monitoring the emission of fuel vapors in motor vehicles.
  • the invention relates to a method and a device for operating a fuel tank system of a motor vehicle, in particular for carrying out a temporary leak test of the fuel tank system, in which an activated carbon filter is provided for receiving gaseous or vaporous fuel formed in the fuel tank system.
  • Today's internal combustion engine-driven motor vehicles usually have a fuel storage tank and a control device for monitoring and, if appropriate, for preventing the emission of fuel in the fuel supply tank.
  • stank formed fuel vapors.
  • the control device is used in particular to capture any fuel vapor that may occur by means of an activated carbon filter and to temporarily store it in the activated carbon filter.
  • Volatile fuel vapors which are mostly hydrocarbon vapors, are formed, for example, during a refueling process of the vehicle or due to an increasing fuel temperature in the tank and an associated increase in the fuel vapor pressure.
  • the activated carbon filter is connected via a regeneration valve to an intake pipe of the internal combustion engine which serves to draw in combustion air. Opening the regeneration valve thus creates a pressure drop between the activated carbon filter and the intake manifold, by means of which the hydrocarbon stored in the activated carbon filter is fed into the intake manifold, in order to ultimately be burned in the internal combustion engine and thus disposed of.
  • a corresponding method and a device for diagnosing leakages in fuel tank systems of motor vehicles are proposed in DE xxx xx xx (applicant's file number: R. 38042 - EM 99/2837) filed at the same time.
  • This is based on a detection of pressure changes, which are detected by a pressure sensor arranged inside the fuel tank and which occur in the blocked fuel tank during a parking phase of the vehicle.
  • a pressure sensor arranged inside the fuel tank and which occur in the blocked fuel tank during a parking phase of the vehicle.
  • particular use is made of the negative pressure in the tank contents which arises when the fuel tank cools down.
  • the pressure gradually increases because ambient air can flow into the tank. The presence of a leak in the tank or in the entire tank system can thus be determined by simple pressure measurement.
  • the vacuum can also be 'active' with be generated by the internal combustion engine, with the tank or the entire fuel anchoring system being briefly brought into pressure-conducting connection with the intake manifold, whereby a vacuum corresponding to the intake manifold pressure builds up in the tank.
  • a vacuum corresponding to the intake manifold pressure builds up in the tank.
  • US Pat. No. 5,146,902 describes a method and a device in which, in contrast to the two previous examples, an overpressure is generated in the tank and the drop in this overpressure is checked for leak diagnosis.
  • the pressure sensor also uses an overpressure that may occur in the event of the tank contents being heated in the opposite direction of the pressure for leak diagnosis can be.
  • the frequency of misdiagnoses can be reduced by using negative pressure and positive pressure conditions in the leak test.
  • the known generic methods and devices have the disadvantage that if there is a leak or a leak in the fuel tank after the fuel tank has been heated, and thus the tank contents, there is an overpressure which leads to this causes the leakage of hydrocarbon-containing gas or steam from the fuel tank system, past the activated carbon filter, into the environment.
  • This is the case with a motor vehicle, in particular when this excess pressure builds up during a parking phase of the vehicle, since in this case the excess gas or steam is not actively activated by means of a motor-driven pump or a negative pressure caused by the motor itself (e.g. can be sucked off via a suction pipe).
  • the object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are set out in the dependent claims.
  • the special feature of the method according to the invention is first of all to record a gas or steam-related physical state variable, for example the gas or steam pressure or the gas temperature or the steam temperature, inside the fuel tank system and / or in the vicinity of the motor vehicle.
  • An expected gas or vapor pressure in the fuel tank system is then determined from the data obtained in this way.
  • a probabilistic prediction is thus made, so to speak, of how the gas or vapor pressure will develop on the basis of the existing state variables, ie whether an overpressure or rather an underpressure is to be expected after a predeterminable time.
  • the gaseous or vaporous fuel is conducted out of the fuel tank system into the surroundings of the vehicle via the activated carbon filter.
  • the fuel tank system or the fuel tank alone, is gas or vapor-tight, ie hermetically sealed, in particular to enable a leak test of the fuel tank system by means of the available negative pressure.
  • it is preferably checked whether the motor vehicle is expected to be parked. Since the usual mechanisms for extracting excess fuel gas or vapors that may be present in a parked vehicle cannot be activated because of the stopped engine, there is an increased risk in this situation in particular that hydrocarbons escape to the outside through a possible leak.
  • the respective physical state variable i.e. the temperature and / or the pressure are recorded both in the fuel tank system and in the vicinity of the vehicle.
  • the fuel tank system is only gas-tight or vapor-tight when a predetermined negative temperature gradient between the outside temperature (temperature outside the vehicle) and the inside temperature of the fuel tank is determined. In this case, a build-up of negative pressure in the fuel tank is to be expected, which effectively prevents "outgassing" of hydrocarbons due to an existing leak.
  • gas or vapor-tight closing of the fuel Tank system or the fuel tank is prevented if a negative pressure gradient between the internal pressure of the fuel tank system or the fuel tank and the outside pressure measured outside the vehicle is detected or predicted.
  • a short period of time (minimum time) between the parking of the vehicle and the gas or vapor-tight closing of the fuel tank system can be specified. This effectively prevents an overpressure from developing as long as the fuel or fuel is still outgassing in the fuel tank due to a previous sloshing of the fuel.
  • a minimum waiting time between a detected fueling process and the gas or vapor-tight closing of the fuel tank system can also be specified.
  • a fueling process can be sensed or detected by means of a fuel cap lock or the like. This avoids the fact that the fuel tank system is closed too early in a gas-tight or vapor-tight manner when the fuel is very fresh and has a strong tendency to outgas, which would likewise lead to an overpressure build-up.
  • the device also proposed according to the invention has, in particular, a sensor for detecting the physical state variable or state big on. Furthermore, a computing unit is provided for determining an expected gas or vapor pressure in the fuel tank system, taking into account the determined state variable or state variables. Suitable control means are also suitable for guiding the gaseous or vaporous fuel, via the activated carbon filter, out of the fuel tank system into the surroundings of the vehicle and / or for gas or vapor-tight closing of the fuel tank system, in particular to enable a leak test of the fuel tank system intended. These can include valves, pumps and / or control devices commonly used in the field of motor vehicle construction. The implementation can advantageously be carried out by making minor modifications to an existing program code of a control unit or by using known hydraulic components such as pumps, valves or the like according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention preferably has means for cooperating with the computing unit for detecting an impending parking of the motor vehicle.
  • An imminent shutdown of the vehicle can be detected, for example, by switching off the engine or, even before the engine is switched off, by switching off the vehicle lighting when the surroundings are dark. be predicted.
  • the status of the driver's door (open-close with the engine stopped) can also be used when making the prediction.
  • one or more temperature sensors which cooperate with the computing unit can be used to record the temperature in the fuel tank system and / or the temperature in the vicinity of the vehicle.
  • pressure sensors can be provided for detecting the pressure in the fuel tank system and / or the pressure in the vicinity of the vehicle.
  • the quality of the prediction can be significantly improved by pressure and / or temperature detection taking place simultaneously inside and outside the vehicle and subsequent gradient formation.
  • the device has a bistable valve arranged between the activated carbon filter and a filter provided for temporarily rinsing the activated carbon filter, in particular a currentless bistable solenoid valve.
  • a bistable valve arranged between the activated carbon filter and a filter provided for temporarily rinsing the activated carbon filter, in particular a currentless bistable solenoid valve.
  • this valve is controlled in such a way that it only closes the fuel tank system to the outside in a gas-tight or vapor-tight manner if the ambient conditions make it possible to expect a negative pressure to develop in the tank or in the fuel tank system.
  • the valve is opened in order to allow a pressure equalization between the tank and the environment through the activated carbon filter. This measure can either reduce the pressure of an already existing overpressure in the fuel tank system or in the tank, or prevent an overpressure from developing in the first place, which would force fuel gas or vapor out through a possibly existing leak.
  • valve To achieve even greater security against the outgassing of hydrocarbons, provision can be made for the valve to be opened immediately when an overpressure is detected by means of a pressure sensor arranged in the tank interior, in order thereby to effectively prevent a further build-up of pressure.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in a schematic representation, a
  • Control device for monitoring the emission of fuel vapors in a motor vehicle according to the prior art
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged section
  • FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention in a block diagram similar to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart to illustrate a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a control device 10 known in the prior art for monitoring the emission of fuel vapors in a motor vehicle (not shown).
  • the control device has a pump and valve arrangement 11 for leak diagnosis and an activated carbon filter 12, which are connected to one another in a pressure-conducting manner via a pipeline 13. are bound.
  • a fuel storage tank 14 is connected to the activated carbon filter 12 by means of an overflow and steam flow control valve 15 and via a pipeline 16.
  • a suction pipe 17 of an internal combustion engine (not shown here) is also connected to the activated carbon filter 12 in a pressure-conducting manner via a pipe 18.
  • the control device has a regeneration valve 19 in the course of the pipeline 18, in the vicinity of the suction pipe 17.
  • control unit 20 is provided which is electrically connected to the pump and valve arrangement 11 and is used to control the arrangement 11 and the regeneration valve 19.
  • the control device 10 also contains a passive filter 21, which connects the arrangement 11 to the atmosphere, ie the surroundings of the vehicle, in a pressure-conducting manner.
  • the regeneration valve 19 is normally closed. At regular intervals, the regeneration valve 19 is controlled by the control unit 20 such that a certain partial pressure of the underpressure of the activated carbon filter 12 existing in the intake manifold 17 is supplied, which leads to the stored hydrocarbon vapors being transferred from the activated carbon filter 12 the pipeline 18 and the regeneration valve 19 are sucked into the suction pipe in order to finally be fed to the internal combustion engine for combustion and thus final disposal.
  • fresh air is sucked into the activated carbon filter 12 via the pipeline 13 and the filter 21, whereby the actual rinsing effect is brought about.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic enlargement of a detail of an embodiment of the pump and valve arrangement 11 already shown in FIG. 1, in an embodiment in which a leak test is carried out using a natural vacuum method.
  • a solenoid valve 30 is energized only during engine operation and open, so as to provide a possible 'large cross-section for the flushing of the activated carbon filter 12th When the engine is switched off, the solenoid valve 30 is closed without current.
  • passive safety valves' Vacuum Relief 31 and 'Pressure Relief ' 32 are provided, which are closed at only slight pressure differences between the fuel tank system, in particular the fuel storage tank 14 and the pipeline 16, and the surroundings of the vehicle (atmosphere).
  • FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention in a block diagram similar to FIG. 1.
  • the device according to the invention has a pump and valve arrangement 11, an activated carbon filter 12, a fuel storage tank 14, a control device 20, and corresponding pipelines which are not provided with reference numbers here. 2
  • the pump and valve arrangement 11 also has safety valves 31, 32 and one . Pressure switch 33 on.
  • the pump and valve arrangement 11 contains, according to the invention, a de-energized bistable solenoid valve 40. This remains de-energized both in the closed and in the open state. A current pulse is only required to switch between these two states.
  • the bistable solenoid valve 40 is connected to the control unit 20 via an electrical line 41 and is connected via a Control module 42, for example a corresponding program code.
  • the control unit 20 is also connected via electrical lines 43, 44 to a pressure sensor 45 arranged inside the fuel tank 14 and to a pressure sensor 46 arranged outside the vehicle.
  • temperature sensors can also be used, or pressure sensors in combination with temperature sensors.
  • the pressure sensors 45, 46 deliver pressure signals to the control unit 20 via the lines 43, 44.
  • the control unit detects an impending shutdown phase of the vehicle via sensors (not shown here) or data transmitted via a CAN bus, the current ones are determined from the Pressure signals obtained from pressure signals are evaluated by the control module 42 (see also FIG. 4) to determine whether an underpressure or an overpressure in the fuel storage tank 14 is to be expected after the vehicle has been parked.
  • the bistable solenoid valve 40 is opened in order to remove the excess fuel vapor, corresponding to the flow direction 47, via the activated carbon filter 12 from the fuel storage tank 14 into the surroundings of the vehicle.
  • the bistable solenoid valve remains 40, on the other hand, is closed, whereby a leak test of the fuel tank system can be carried out by means of a negative pressure. It should also be mentioned that fresh air can be directed into the activated carbon filter 12 in the direction of flow 48 in order to carry out the flushing already described for the purpose of regenerating the activated carbon filter 12.
  • a further check 51 is carried out to determine whether the vehicle is in a parking phase, ie whether it can be expected that the vehicle should be parked shortly (for example, parked). This can be done on the basis of a wide variety of information, for example about the engine status, status of the driver's door, or the like.
  • the tank internal pressure and the vehicle external pressure are recorded 52. Alternatively or additionally, corresponding inside and outside temperatures can be recorded.
  • the recorded pressure data are compared 53 and a prediction is made as to whether an internal tank pressure is expected 54 which is higher than the external pressure. If this is not the case, it is checked 55 whether the bistable solenoid valve 40 is already open. If this is not the case, the solenoid valve 40 is opened 56 and then a waiting loop 57 is run. The waiting loop 57 prevents one Overpressure develops while the fuel is still outgassing due to a previous sloshing of the fuel in the fuel tank. After the waiting loop has ended, the solenoid valve 40 is closed 58 in order to subsequently carry out a leak test 59 if necessary.
  • a leak test is therefore only carried out if there is a pressure gradient between the outside world and the inside of the tank, with outside air possibly being able to flow through the leak into the fuel storage tank. This allows emissions of fuel vapors to be avoided very effectively. If, however, the expected internal tank pressure is higher than the expected or existing ambient pressure, a check is made 60 as to whether the solenoid valve is already open. If not, the solenoid valve 40 is opened in order to direct the excess fuel vapor via the activated carbon filter 12 out of the fuel storage tank 14 into the surroundings of the vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour faire fonctionner un système de réservoir de carburant monté dans un véhicule automobile. Ce dispositif comprend un ensemble pompe-vanne (11), un filtre à charbon actif (12), un réservoir à carburant (14) et un dispositif de commande (20). Il comprend également des soupapes de sécurité (31, 32) ainsi qu'un commutateur manométrique (33). L'ensemble (11) comprend une vanne magnétique (40) bistable sans courant, qui est reliée à l'unité de commande (20) par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne (41) et commandée par l'intermédiaire d'un module de commande (42). L'unité de commande (20) est reliée à des capteurs de pression et/ou de température (45, 46) par l'intermédiaire de lignes (43, 44). Les capteurs de pression (45, 46) délivrent, par l'intermédiaire des lignes (43, 44), des signaux de pression à l'unité de commande (20). Si le module de commande (42) détermine, lors de l'évaluation des données de pression/température, qu'après arrêt du véhicule on peut s'attendre à une surpression dans le réservoir à carburant (14), par rapport à la pression ambiante, la vanne magnétique (40) bistable est ouverte pour évacuer dans l'environnement du véhicule, par l'intermédiaire du filtre à charbon actif (12) et à partir du réservoir à carburant (14), la vapeur de carburant excédentaire, conformément au sens d'écoulement (47). Par contre, si l'on doit s'attendre à une dépression, la vanne magnétique (40) bistable est ou reste fermée, un contrôle d'étanchéité du système de réservoir de carburant pouvant ainsi être effectué par dépression.
EP01913544A 2000-03-17 2001-01-30 Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner avec peu d'emissions un systeme de reservoir a carburant monte en particulier dans un vehicule automobile Expired - Lifetime EP1183456B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10012778A DE10012778A1 (de) 2000-03-17 2000-03-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum emissionsarmen Betrieb einer Brennstofftankanlage insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE10012778 2000-03-17
PCT/DE2001/000345 WO2001069072A1 (fr) 2000-03-17 2001-01-30 Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner avec peu d'emissions un systeme de reservoir a carburant monte en particulier dans un vehicule automobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1183456A1 true EP1183456A1 (fr) 2002-03-06
EP1183456B1 EP1183456B1 (fr) 2005-12-07

Family

ID=7634923

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01913544A Expired - Lifetime EP1183456B1 (fr) 2000-03-17 2001-01-30 Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner avec peu d'emissions un systeme de reservoir a carburant monte en particulier dans un vehicule automobile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6782873B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1183456B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4564221B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0105175A (fr)
DE (2) DE10012778A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001069072A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1183456B1 (fr) 2005-12-07
DE10012778A1 (de) 2001-09-27
JP4564221B2 (ja) 2010-10-20
DE50108284D1 (de) 2006-01-12
WO2001069072A1 (fr) 2001-09-20
US20020157655A1 (en) 2002-10-31
US6782873B2 (en) 2004-08-31
JP2003527530A (ja) 2003-09-16
BR0105175A (pt) 2002-02-19

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