EP1180946A1 - Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter - Google Patents

Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter

Info

Publication number
EP1180946A1
EP1180946A1 EP00938683A EP00938683A EP1180946A1 EP 1180946 A1 EP1180946 A1 EP 1180946A1 EP 00938683 A EP00938683 A EP 00938683A EP 00938683 A EP00938683 A EP 00938683A EP 1180946 A1 EP1180946 A1 EP 1180946A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
filter
cigarette
rod
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00938683A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1180946B1 (en
Inventor
Paul-Georg Henning
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Original Assignee
HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7910465&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1180946(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co filed Critical HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
Priority to SI200030103T priority Critical patent/SI1180946T1/en
Publication of EP1180946A1 publication Critical patent/EP1180946A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1180946B1 publication Critical patent/EP1180946B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0275—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters for filters with special features
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A24D3/043—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with ventilation means, e.g. air dilution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter cigarette with a tobacco filter and a method for producing such a filter cigarette.
  • tobacco can also be used as a filter material for smoking articles.
  • tobacco Compared to other common filter materials such as cellulose (paper) or cellulose acetate, tobacco has a significantly lower retention rate for condensate and nicotine with the same draw resistance.
  • tensile resistances such as are customary in cellulose filters or filters made of cellulose acetate, when using conventional tobacco mixtures as used for cigarettes, i.e. which are between 50 and 100 mm S for a filter length of 21 mm, for example.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a filter made of tobacco for smoking articles which does not have the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art.
  • a filter cigarette with one is used to solve this task
  • Tobacco filter with the following features: a tobacco rod surrounded by cigarette paper; where the tobacco blend of the tobacco rod has a share of 15 to 30% cut medium rib contains; and the smoke condensate yield of the tobacco rod is between 15 and 19 mg of condensate with a rod length of 63 mm and a smoking length of 55 mm; with a filter made of aromatic tobacco with a tensile resistance between 50 and 100 mm water column with a length of 21 mm; and with a circumferential filter ventilation zone; the degree of filter ventilation being 30 to 70% and which is characterized in that the filter tobacco is produced without the use of the central rib and without reconstituted tobacco with a cutting width of 0.3 to 0.6 mm; and that the filter has a tobacco plug density of 350 to 450 g / cm.
  • the solution therefore consists in using aromatic tobacco for the tobacco filter, since the smoke taste is very strongly influenced by the filter material. It has been shown that the advantageous taste-improving effect can be significantly increased again by special treatment of the selected tobacco.
  • the selected tobacco material or parts thereof are subjected to a thermal treatment explained below.
  • the tobacco is brought to a tobacco temperature between 60 ° C. and 150 ° C., preferably 80 ° C. to 130 ° C., for a period of between 1 minute and a maximum of 15 minutes during the tobacco preparation process. During this time it is exposed to a relative humidity of 40 to 80%, preferably 50 to 70%. This leads to a significantly improved aroma transition from the filter tobacco into the smoke passed through.
  • the effect can be specifically influenced and increased by adding suitable casing materials. If a slightly finer cutting width of 0.3 to 0.6 mm is selected, which can still be processed on standard machines (usual for strand-cut tobacco is 0.7 to 1.0 mm), then filter-typical tensile resistances of 50 to 100 can be achieved Achieve mmWS and significantly increase the retention rate.
  • Such tensile resistances are generally called "normal" or usual train resistance.
  • the still significantly lower retention performance compared to conventional filter materials, for which cellulose acetate reaches approx. 30 to 60%, while tobacco filters are only around 25 to 35%, can be compensated for by using strand mixtures with a significantly reduced condensate potential.
  • tobacco strands are used which, when smoked with a smoking machine, deliver approx. 16 mg of condensate instead of usually approx. 23 mg of condensate.
  • such mixtures which can be produced, for example, with a high proportion of ribs or inexpensive tobacco, are not particularly good in taste, the smoke taste surprisingly obtains a pleasant aroma when it passes through the tobacco filter.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter cigarette, comprising a tobacco filter. According to the invention, the tobacco which is selected for the filter, or parts thereof, have been subjected to thermal treatment during the tobacco preparation process.

Description

Filterciqarette mit einem Tabakfilter Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Filtercigarette mit einem Tabakfilter und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Filtercigarette .The invention relates to a filter cigarette with a tobacco filter and a method for producing such a filter cigarette.
Es ist seit langem bekannt, daß auch Tabak als Filtermaterial für Rauchartikel eingesetzt werden kann. Im Vergleich zu anderen gebräuchlichen Filtermaterialien wie Cellulose (Papier) oder Cellulose-Acetat hat Tabak jedoch bei gleichem Zugwiderstand eine deutlich geringere Retentionsleistung für Kondensat und Nikotin. Außerdem ist es nicht leicht, bei Verwendung von gebräuchlichen Tabakmischungen, wie sie für Cigaretten verwendet werden, Zugwiderstände zu erreichen, wie sie bei Cellulose-Filtern oder Filtern aus Cellulose-Acetat üblich sind, d.h. die bei einer Filterlänge von beispielsweise 21 mm zwischen 50 und 100 mm S liegen.It has long been known that tobacco can also be used as a filter material for smoking articles. Compared to other common filter materials such as cellulose (paper) or cellulose acetate, tobacco has a significantly lower retention rate for condensate and nicotine with the same draw resistance. In addition, it is not easy to achieve tensile resistances, such as are customary in cellulose filters or filters made of cellulose acetate, when using conventional tobacco mixtures as used for cigarettes, i.e. which are between 50 and 100 mm S for a filter length of 21 mm, for example.
Zur Überwindung dieses Nachteils wurden bereits verschiedene Lösungsvorschläge gemacht, nämlich zum einen den Filterteil aus Rippentabak herzustellen. Dies bringt jedoch einen schlechten Geschmack mit sich. Zum anderen wurde vorgeschlagen, den Filterabschnitt aus expandiertem Tabak zu machen, was jedoch nur eine sehr geringe Retentionsleistung und damit eine ungenügende Filterwirkung ergab. Schließlich wurde auch sehr fein geschnittener Tabak als Filterelement vorgeschlagen; dieser läßt sich jedoch auf gebräuchlichen Maschinen nicht verarbeiten und würde damit zu hohen Filterkosten führen.Various solutions have already been proposed to overcome this disadvantage, namely to produce the filter part from rib tobacco on the one hand. However, this brings with it a bad taste. On the other hand, it was proposed to make the filter section from expanded tobacco, but this resulted in only a very low retention rate and therefore an insufficient filter effect. Finally, very finely cut tobacco was proposed as a filter element; However, this cannot be processed on conventional machines and would therefore lead to high filter costs.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht also darin, einen Filter aus Tabak für Rauchartikel zu schaffen, der die beim Stand der Technik erwähnten Nachteile nicht besitzt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a filter made of tobacco for smoking articles which does not have the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dient eine Filtercigarette mit einemA filter cigarette with one is used to solve this task
Tabakfilter mit folgenden Mekmalen: einem von einem Cigaretten- papier umgebenen Tabakstrang; wobei die Tabakmischung des Tabakstrangs einen Anteil von 15 bis 30% geschnittener Mittel- rippe enthält; und die Rauchkondensatausbeute des Tabakstrangs zwischen 15 und 19 mg Kondensat bei einer Stranglänge von 63 mm und einer Abrauchlänge von 55 mm beträgt; mit einem aus aromatischen Tabaken hergestellten Filter mit einem Zugwiderstand zwischen 50 und 100 mmWS bei einer Länge von 21 mm; und mit einer in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Filter-Ventilationszone; wobei der Filter-Ventilationsgrad 30 bis 70% beträgt und die sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß der Filtertabak ohne Verwendung der Mittelrippe und ohne rekonstituierten Tabak mit einer Schnitt- breite von 0,3 bis 0,6 mm hergestellt ist; und daß der Filter eine Tabakstopfdichte von 350 bis 450 g/cm hat.Tobacco filter with the following features: a tobacco rod surrounded by cigarette paper; where the tobacco blend of the tobacco rod has a share of 15 to 30% cut medium rib contains; and the smoke condensate yield of the tobacco rod is between 15 and 19 mg of condensate with a rod length of 63 mm and a smoking length of 55 mm; with a filter made of aromatic tobacco with a tensile resistance between 50 and 100 mm water column with a length of 21 mm; and with a circumferential filter ventilation zone; the degree of filter ventilation being 30 to 70% and which is characterized in that the filter tobacco is produced without the use of the central rib and without reconstituted tobacco with a cutting width of 0.3 to 0.6 mm; and that the filter has a tobacco plug density of 350 to 450 g / cm.
Die Lösung besteht somit darin, daß für den Tabakfilter aromatischer Tabak verwendet wird, da der Rauchgeschmack vom Filtermate- rial sehr stark geprägt ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch eine besondere Behandlung des ausgewählten Tabaks der vorteilhafte geschmacksverbessernde Effekt nochmals deutlich erhöht werden kann. Dazu werden das ausgewählte Tabakmaterial oder Teile davon einer nachfolgend erläuterten thermischen Behandlung unterzogen.The solution therefore consists in using aromatic tobacco for the tobacco filter, since the smoke taste is very strongly influenced by the filter material. It has been shown that the advantageous taste-improving effect can be significantly increased again by special treatment of the selected tobacco. For this purpose, the selected tobacco material or parts thereof are subjected to a thermal treatment explained below.
Thermische Behandlung;Thermal treatment;
Der Tabak wird während das Tabakaufbereitungsprozesses für einen Zeitraum zwischen 1 Minute und maximal 15 Minuten auf eine Tabaktemperatur zwischen 60°C und 150°C, vorzugsweise 80°C bis 130°C gebracht. Während dieser Zeit wird er einer relativen Feuchte von 40 bis 80%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 70% ausgesetzt. Dies führt zu einem signifikant verbesserten Aroma-Übergang vom Filtertabak in den hindurchgeleiteten Rauch. Der Effekt kann durch Zusatz von geeigneten Casing-Materialien gezielt beeinflußt und gesteigert werden. Wenn eine etwas feinere Schnittbreite von 0,3 bis 0,6 mm gewählt wird, die noch auf Standardmaschinen verarbeitbar ist (üblich für Strang-Schnittabak ist 0,7 bis 1,0 mm), dann lassen sich damit filtertypische Zugwiderstände von 50 bis 100 mmWS erreichen und die Retentionsleistung deutlich erhöhen. Solche Zugwiderstände werden allgemein auch als "normale" oder übliche Zugwiderstände bezeichnet. Die trotzdem noch deutlich geringere Retentionsleistung im Vergleich zu üblichen Filtermaterialien, für die Cellulose-Acetat ca. 30 bis 60% erreicht, während Tabakfilter bei nur etwa 25 bis 35% liegen, läßt sich durch Einsatz von Strangmischungen mit deutlich reduziertem Kondensat-Potential kompensieren. Damit ist gemeint, daß Tabakstränge eingesetzt werden, die beim Abrauchen mit einer Rauchmaschine ca. 16 mg Kondensat anstelle von überlicherweise ca. 23 mg Kondensat liefern. Obwohl derartige Mischungen, die z.B. mit einem hohen Rippenanteil bzw. preisgünstigen Tabaken hergestellt werden können, geschmacklich nicht besonders gut sind, erhält der Rauchgeschmack beim Durchtritt durch den Tabakfilter überraschenderweise ein angenehmes Aroma. The tobacco is brought to a tobacco temperature between 60 ° C. and 150 ° C., preferably 80 ° C. to 130 ° C., for a period of between 1 minute and a maximum of 15 minutes during the tobacco preparation process. During this time it is exposed to a relative humidity of 40 to 80%, preferably 50 to 70%. This leads to a significantly improved aroma transition from the filter tobacco into the smoke passed through. The effect can be specifically influenced and increased by adding suitable casing materials. If a slightly finer cutting width of 0.3 to 0.6 mm is selected, which can still be processed on standard machines (usual for strand-cut tobacco is 0.7 to 1.0 mm), then filter-typical tensile resistances of 50 to 100 can be achieved Achieve mmWS and significantly increase the retention rate. Such tensile resistances are generally called "normal" or usual train resistance. The still significantly lower retention performance compared to conventional filter materials, for which cellulose acetate reaches approx. 30 to 60%, while tobacco filters are only around 25 to 35%, can be compensated for by using strand mixtures with a significantly reduced condensate potential. This means that tobacco strands are used which, when smoked with a smoking machine, deliver approx. 16 mg of condensate instead of usually approx. 23 mg of condensate. Although such mixtures, which can be produced, for example, with a high proportion of ribs or inexpensive tobacco, are not particularly good in taste, the smoke taste surprisingly obtains a pleasant aroma when it passes through the tobacco filter.

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims
Filtercigarette mit einem Tabakfilter mit: einem von einem Cigarettenpapier umgebenen Tabakstrang; wobei die Tabakmischung des Tabakstrangs einen Anteil von 15 bis 30% geschnittener Mittelrippe enthält; und die Rauchkondensatausbeute des Tabakstrangs zwischen 15 und 19 mg Kondensat bei einer Stranglänge von 63 mm und einer Abrauchlänge von 55 mm beträgt; mit einem aus aromatischen Tabaken hergestellten Filter mit einem Zugwiderstand zwischen 50 und 100 mmWS bei einer Länge von 21 mm; und mit einer in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Filter-Ventilationszone; wobei der Filter-Ventilationsgrad 30 bis 70% beträgt; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Filtertabak ohne Verwendung der Mittelrippe und ohne rekonstituierten Tabak mit einer Schnittbreite vonA filter cigarette with a tobacco filter comprising: a tobacco rod surrounded by a cigarette paper; wherein the tobacco blend of the tobacco rod contains 15 to 30% cut midrib; and the smoke condensate yield of the tobacco rod is between 15 and 19 mg of condensate with a rod length of 63 mm and a smoking length of 55 mm; with a filter made of aromatic tobacco with a tensile resistance between 50 and 100 mmWS at a length of 21 mm; and with a circumferential filter ventilation zone; the degree of filter ventilation is 30 to 70%; characterized in that the filter tobacco without using the central rib and without reconstituted tobacco with a cutting width of
0,3 bis 0,6 mm hergestellt ist; und daß der Filter eine Tabakstopfdichte von 350 bis 450 g/cm hat.0.3 to 0.6 mm is made; and that the filter has a tobacco plug density of 350 to 450 g / cm.
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Filtercigarette nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der für die Herstellung des Tabakfilters verwendete Tabak währen des Tabakaufbereitungsprozesses für einen Zeitraum zwischen 1 Minute und maximal 20 Minuten auf eine Tabaktemperatur zwischen 60° und 150°C, vorzugsweise 80° bis 130°C gebracht und während dieser Zeit einer relativen Feuchte von 40 bis 80%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 70% ausgesetzt wird. A method for producing a filter cigarette according to claim 1, characterized in that the tobacco used for the manufacture of the tobacco filter during the tobacco preparation process for a period between 1 minute and a maximum of 20 minutes to a tobacco temperature between 60 ° and 150 ° C, preferably 80 ° to 130 ° C brought and during this time a relative humidity of 40 to 80%, preferably 50 to 70% is exposed.
EP00938683A 1999-05-31 2000-05-25 Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter Revoked EP1180946B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200030103T SI1180946T1 (en) 1999-05-31 2000-05-25 Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19925968A DE19925968C5 (en) 1999-05-31 1999-05-31 Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter
DE19925968 1999-05-31
PCT/EP2000/004776 WO2000072706A1 (en) 1999-05-31 2000-05-25 Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1180946A1 true EP1180946A1 (en) 2002-02-27
EP1180946B1 EP1180946B1 (en) 2003-03-05

Family

ID=7910465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00938683A Revoked EP1180946B1 (en) 1999-05-31 2000-05-25 Filter cigarette with a tobacco filter

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (1) US20020056463A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1180946B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003500079A (en)
KR (1) KR20020016635A (en)
CN (1) CN1135943C (en)
AT (1) ATE233495T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5397000A (en)
BG (1) BG106272A (en)
CZ (1) CZ294182B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19925968C5 (en)
EA (1) EA002713B1 (en)
EE (1) EE200100644A (en)
ES (1) ES2188555T3 (en)
HK (2) HK1044693A1 (en)
HU (1) HUP0201373A3 (en)
NO (1) NO313263B1 (en)
PL (1) PL352941A1 (en)
PT (1) PT1180946E (en)
SK (1) SK284374B6 (en)
TR (1) TR200103461T2 (en)
TW (1) TW509556B (en)
UA (1) UA54628C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000072706A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1295995C (en) * 2001-12-10 2007-01-24 侯关荣 Natural fibre cigarette tip and production thereof
IN192479B (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-04-24 Godfrey Philips India Ltd
ITBO20030684A1 (en) 2003-11-17 2005-05-18 Gd Spa MACHINE CONTROL AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF
CN101444328B (en) * 2008-12-16 2011-02-09 上海烟草（集团）公司 A cut rolled stem processing procedure
CN103120364A (en) * 2013-02-22 2013-05-29 云南烟草科学研究院 Filter rod prepared by using tobacco sheets and cellulose acetate fibers as media
KR102389825B1 (en) * 2018-10-17 2022-04-25 주식회사 케이티앤지 Article for generating aerosols
CN110839954A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-28 河南农业大学 Method for manufacturing cigarette filter rod by using tobacco stem core material

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CA628238A (en) * 1961-09-26 Imperial Tobacco Company Of Canada Cigarette
CH287549A (en) * 1950-11-03 1952-12-15 Andreae Rene Smoking stuff given away with a filter.
GB871102A (en) * 1960-03-18 1961-06-21 British American Tobacco Co Improvements relating to filter cigarettes
FR1360298A (en) * 1963-03-27 1964-05-08 Improvements to cigarettes with a filter
US3219041A (en) * 1964-09-10 1965-11-23 Bromberg Louis Article for smoking
US3913590A (en) * 1974-03-11 1975-10-21 Boris Sway Cigarette having distinct tobacco fillers with inert, porous, noncombustible element interposed therebetween
GB1550835A (en) * 1975-08-18 1979-08-22 British American Tobacco Co Treatment of tobacco
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US4726385A (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-02-23 The American Tobacco Company Method of fabricating an all-tobacco cigarette controlling tar delivery and an all-tobacco cigarette
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW509556B (en) 2002-11-11
HUP0201373A2 (en) 2002-08-28
NO20015854D0 (en) 2001-11-30
SK17372001A3 (en) 2002-04-04
HK1047018A1 (en) 2003-02-07
HK1044693A1 (en) 2002-11-01
HUP0201373A3 (en) 2003-03-28
CZ20014320A3 (en) 2002-07-17
CN1352531A (en) 2002-06-05
BG106272A (en) 2002-06-28
CZ294182B6 (en) 2004-10-13
CN1135943C (en) 2004-01-28
DE19925968A1 (en) 2000-12-14
ES2188555T3 (en) 2003-07-01
EA200101193A1 (en) 2002-06-27
EP1180946B1 (en) 2003-03-05
NO313263B1 (en) 2002-09-09
PL352941A1 (en) 2003-09-22
UA54628C2 (en) 2003-03-17
DE50001392D1 (en) 2003-04-10
EA002713B1 (en) 2002-08-29
DE19925968C5 (en) 2005-07-14
ATE233495T1 (en) 2003-03-15
KR20020016635A (en) 2002-03-04
WO2000072706A1 (en) 2000-12-07
US20020056463A1 (en) 2002-05-16
AU5397000A (en) 2000-12-18
HK1047018B (en) 2004-12-10
PT1180946E (en) 2003-06-30
EE200100644A (en) 2003-02-17
JP2003500079A (en) 2003-01-07
TR200103461T2 (en) 2002-05-21
SK284374B6 (en) 2005-02-04
DE19925968C2 (en) 2002-04-11
NO20015854L (en) 2001-11-30

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