EP1159579A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur zieldarstellung und treffererkennung bei schiessanlagen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur zieldarstellung und treffererkennung bei schiessanlagenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1159579A1 EP1159579A1 EP00902584A EP00902584A EP1159579A1 EP 1159579 A1 EP1159579 A1 EP 1159579A1 EP 00902584 A EP00902584 A EP 00902584A EP 00902584 A EP00902584 A EP 00902584A EP 1159579 A1 EP1159579 A1 EP 1159579A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- target
- radiation
- measuring
- arrangements
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013144 data compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J5/00—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
- F41J5/08—Infrared hit-indicating systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
- F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
- F41G3/2694—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating a target
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J5/00—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J5/00—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
- F41J5/02—Photo-electric hit-detector systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J9/00—Moving targets, i.e. moving when fired at
- F41J9/14—Cinematographic targets, e.g. moving-picture targets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Devices for targeting are used in space shooting systems used by police, the military and comparable security bodies for training purposes and generally consist of a target area onto which a target object is projected and a measuring device, the purpose of which is to determine the hit position within the target field in terms of data to be recorded and sent to a computer-aided evaluation.
- the target surface is embodied, for example, by an image wall system in which two layers of an image wall, which are unwound or wound up by roller systems and are held in a mutually overlapping arrangement at a short distance.
- a bullet Via a video camera capturing the target area, in conjunction with backlighting of the target area, a bullet can be recognized as a luminous point and its position relative to the target field can be measured with the assistance of a coordinate system that is faded into the image plane of the video camera.
- a disadvantage of this device is that the maximum shot sequence speed to be recorded is limited by the image sequence speed of the video camera.
- the target object projected onto the target surface can be a still image - however, it can also be a film that is on a corresponding carrier is recorded. Depending on the type of carrier, a more or less large storage volume is required. Often there is also the need to be able to edit a film for the purpose of displaying the target.
- the DVD (digital video disc) as the storage medium for data and images in its current version is known to offer the advantage of great storage capacity combined with high image quality, in particular a high resolution.
- Such storage media are currently.
- Already available in stores where video, audio and surround data with a playing time of approx. 2 hours are stored on the size of a conventional CD (compact disc).
- this is due to the further development of the coding methods used and, related to this, the methods of data compression.
- the different levels of the MPEG standards are to be mentioned, which always enable higher compression of digital data streams. For example, according to the MPEG 2 standard that has already been introduced, the compression of a video data stream is increased by a factor of 10, according to the current situation. planned MPEG 4 by up to 350.
- a film is recorded in such a way that image-related or situation-related individual images (keyframes) are recorded in order to subsequently only record the changes associated with these individual images.
- keyframes image-related or situation-related individual images
- the keyframes mentioned are first filtered out of the data stream describing the image sequence.
- the compressed data stream for example the MPEG data stream, consists of a sequence of two types of files that differ significantly in size.
- the file describing an individual keyframe is significantly larger than the file describing the change associated with the respective keyframe.
- a digital memory is provided which is intended and set up for the temporary storage of at least one keyframe. This memory is operatively connected to the playback device during operation, the keyframes stored in each case being overwritten by the subsequent keyframes in accordance with the playback of the film.
- the method is equally suitable for the immediate processing of keyframes as soon as they are available in the named memory and thus for the targeted processing of individual images of a sequence of images for the purpose of target display in shooting ranges.
- the method according to the invention opens up a new application for the storage medium DVD in accordance with the features of claim 2. It opens up the advantages of this storage medium, namely a high image quality and a low memory requirement in the computer for the purpose of addressing individual, arbitrarily selectable images of the image sequence of a film stored on this storage medium.
- two or more keyframes are always temporarily stored in said memory. This measure has proven to be practical.
- the method according to the invention is simple to implement for the person skilled in the art and, in particular, commercially available playback devices can also be converted for this purpose.
- the invention further relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 5.
- Keyframes can thus be edited as soon as they are available in the named memory.
- the storage medium has the advantage that a high image quality and a low memory requirement can be made available in the computer for the purpose of addressing individual, arbitrarily selectable images of the image sequence of the film stored on this storage medium.
- Two or more keyframes can be temporarily saved in the memory mentioned.
- the structural storage of the above-mentioned memory is fundamentally arbitrary - this can be combined with the playback device - but this can also be combined with the control device. The latter is set up to evaluate measurement results from the measuring device and to control the playback device.
- the measuring device can be designed in accordance with the features of claims 7 and 8 such that the position measurement of a hit within a backlit target area is carried out by means of a video camera, in the image plane of which a coordinate system is shown.
- the measuring device is based on another concept which is based on the evaluation of radiation emitted by the projectile, radiation reflected by it or radiation interrupted by it.
- several linear arrangements either of radiation receivers or of radiation receivers and radiation transmitters arranged in pairs are provided within a measurement plane located at a short distance in front of the target surface and extending perpendicular to the firing direction.
- the advantage of this configuration of the measuring device is that, depending on the type of radiation used, extremely short response times of the radiation receivers used can be realized, which enables the position of floors to be measured in the measuring plane at practically any shot sequence speeds. It is therefore not necessary to glue through the bullet openings of a target area for the purpose of recognizing the position of the following storeys relative to the target area, so that this measuring device enables much more convenient handling.
- the above-mentioned arrangements are each placed in the measuring plane with the proviso that they can be used as a starting point for forming Cartesian coordinate systems, so that one of two arrangements can be used to form the X axis and the other can be used to form the Y axis.
- the prerequisite here is that the individual radiation receivers and / or radiation transmitters interact with lens systems that exert a focusing effect in such a way that there are linear directional characteristics that run in the measurement plane and cover the target area, which measure the position of a projectile without distortion at the time of passage enable the measurement level. From the position measurement in the measurement plane, the hit position in the target area can be drawn directly. In this context, the specific design of the target area can be made as desired.
- the measuring device is based on an acoustic measuring principle.
- the position of the point is measured in a measuring plane which corresponds to the point of penetration of the projectile's trajectory in the direction of a target area, so that the position of the hit within the target area can be deduced from the position of this point.
- this configuration is only to be understood as an example, so that other sound measurement methods can also be considered.
- the radiation receiver and radiation transmitter mentioned can be those whose radiation is in the infrared range, but also those in the range of visible light.
- "light curtains" are formed by linear arrangements of transmitters and receivers, the interruption of which is recorded as a result of a floor penetration in accordance with the X and Y coordinates and is made available in terms of data for any further evaluation.
- the measuring device can comprise a display device, by means of which the measurement result is displayed visually, in order to then be further evaluated with the assistance of a control computer.
- said control computer can also be used centrally to control the DVD playback device and to evaluate the hit results.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of an inventive device for target display and hit detection.
- Fig. 3 shows a further block diagram for hit detection.
- the target image denotes a target area in the side view onto which a target image is projected with the cooperation of a video projector 2.
- the video projector 2 is located at a defined distance in front of the target surface 1, which is bombarded from a direction 3.
- the target image can be a still image or a moving image sequence, an interactive film or the like.
- the video camera 4 denotes a video camera, which is also located at a defined distance in front of the target surface 1 and which is adjusted such that the target surface 1 projected by the video projector 2 is completely captured in this image plane.
- the video camera 4 is connected via a data line to a viewing device 5, which is set up in such a way that an XY coordinate system is superimposed on the image recorded by the video camera 4, so that, in conjunction with a rear illumination of the target area 1, the hit position of a projectile is achieved a luminous point can be displayed and evaluated within this coordinate system and thus within the target area 1.
- the DVD device 7 has a special design according to the invention in that individual images of the image sequence of a film stored on a DVD (digital video disc) can be addressed and can be processed for the purpose of being used as a target image. For example, individual images or a single image of this image sequence can be marked for the purpose of displaying the target. This is achieved in that the so-called keyframes are first filtered out of the data stream describing the image sequence. This is possible because the compressed data stream, eg the MPEG data stream, consists of a sequence of two types of files that differ significantly in size.
- the file describing a keyframe is significantly larger than the files describing the changes associated with the respective keyframe.
- the size of the files thus forms the distinguishing criterion on the basis of which these two types of file, which differ in content, can be separated from one another in a data stream.
- a digital memory is provided which is intended and set up for the temporary storage of at least one keyframe. This memory is operatively connected to the playback device 7 during operation, the keyframes stored in each case being continuously overwritten by the subsequent keyframes in accordance with the playback of the film.
- the playback device 7 is thus a pause or a film jump function triggered, which would otherwise normally only lead to the addressing of the current change, but not necessarily to a completed picture, there is the possibility, due to the temporary storage of a keyframe, to target the individual that is current and thus completed at the time the pause function is triggered To address the image of the film played via the playback device 7. It is therefore possible to combine the respectively saved keyframe with the change that was current at the time the pause function was triggered to form an updated overall picture. This opens up the possibility of making targeted changes in the digitally stored film so that it can be used for target display in shooting ranges.
- a RAM memory is used as the memory, the access time of which is such that the image flow is not disturbed due to the image sequence of the film. This can be achieved, for example, if a memory with an access time of approximately 10 ns is used, the memory being otherwise set up in such a way that a film length of approximately 2 s is always stored.
- the control computer 6 is used to evaluate and store the hit results determined via the display device 5 - it is also used to control the DVD device 7, namely to enable the temporary storage or processing of a specific image in the sense set out above.
- the aforementioned digital memory which is set up to temporarily store keyframes, forms an integral part of the DVD device. However, this is not absolutely necessary and this memory can in principle also form part of the control computer 6.
- the projectiles hitting the target area 1 in the direction of fire 3 are measured in terms of their position in the plane of the target area in accordance with their XY coordinates by using the coordinate system displayed via the display device 5, identified and stored and evaluated via the control computer 5.
- the bullets in the canvas forming the target area must then be closed by pasting or other measures in order to enable problem-free identification of new bullets.
- the maximum sequence of shots that can be evaluated with this device is, however, limited by the image sequence speed of the video camera 4.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are ultimately based on the punctiform measurement of the trajectory of a single projectile and in which a backlighting of the target surface 1 can consequently be dispensed with.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are ultimately based on the punctiform measurement of the trajectory of a single projectile and in which a backlighting of the target surface 1 can consequently be dispensed with.
- the essential feature of the arrangement for hit detection shown in FIG. 2 are two band-like arrangements 8, 9, each consisting of a series of infrared sensors which are arranged in their respective rows, for example, at a uniform distance of 5 mm relative to one another.
- the arrangements 8, 9 extend in the plane of the drawing, thus perpendicular to the direction of fire, and at a slight distance from the target area 1.
- Each sensor 10 of the two arrangements 8, 9 detects a certain linear area within the area through the lens via an upstream lens two arrangements 8, 9 defined measuring plane, in which a Cartesian coordinate system is defined by the two arrangements 8, 9 extending perpendicular to each other.
- the arrangements 8, 9 - seen in the drawing plane of FIG. 2 - be provided laterally next to or above the target surface 1, that is to say be firmly arranged on a side wall and on the ceiling of the respective room within which the device according to the invention is used.
- a projectile 11 penetrating the measurement plane in the direction of the target surface 1 can be detected at the point of intersection of the measurement plane in accordance with two coordinates, which are referred to as X and Y coordinates for evaluation purposes.
- the detection of the projectile 11 is made possible by the detection of heat radiation differences between the projectile 11 on the one hand and the neutral environment on the other.
- Infrared sensors commercially available today are characterized by extremely short response times, which make the detection even more extreme
- the individual sensors 10 are each connected to a viewing device or a control computer via measuring transducers, this chain replacing the measuring transducer-viewing device-control computer, based on the functional diagram in FIG. 1, replacing the effect chain there, video camera 4, viewing device 5 and control computer 6.
- the actual position of a 9 mm projectile for example, down to an accuracy of 0.5 mm within the measurement plane can be determined by an interpolation stage arranged at a distance of 5 mm from the sensors.
- the hit position within the target area 1 can be deduced.
- the control of the target object projected into the target area 1, in particular the type of target display, is otherwise carried out in accordance with the implementation example. 1 with the only difference that a different type of hit detection is selected in the system according to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 corresponds to that of FIG. 2 with regard to its integration into the functional diagram according to FIG. 1 - only the type of detection of a projectile 11 in the measuring plane is configured differently.
- 2 is a passive system based on the evaluation of only the radiation emitted by the projectile 11
- the system shown in FIG. 3 is an active system in which the projectile 11 is irradiated and a reflected system Signal is evaluated.
- two linear arrangements 12, 13 are again provided, which are arranged perpendicular to one another in a common plane, the measurement plane, which extends perpendicular to the direction of fire at the target surface 1. This measuring plane is located at a short distance from the target surface 1.
- Each of the arrangements 12, 13 consists of radiation receptacles or radiation transmitters arranged in pairs, which are set up in such a way that the said measurement plane is continuously irradiated by means of the radiation transmitters, a reflex signal being triggered by a projectile 11 penetrating the measurement plane, which is triggered by the Location of the penetration point in the measurement plane associated pair of radiation receivers of the arrangements 12, 13 is detected.
- any radiation can be used which is suitable for the formation of reflections and with which available response times are sufficient to detect even the highest shot sequence speeds. For example, this can be radiation in the region of the visible or invisible part of the spectrum.
- the evaluation of the puncture point in the measuring plane obtained on the basis of the reflected signals is otherwise carried out in an analogous manner to that in the exemplary embodiment described in FIG. 2.
- a system in which the radiation transmitter and radiation receiver are always arranged in pairs at the same location, so that two mutually perpendicular arrangements 12, 13 result, such a system can also be considered , in which the radiation transmitter and the radiation receiver are opposite one another, are thus spatially separated from one another, so that there are four globally rectangular arrangements, opposing arrangements being formed in each case by radiation transmitters or radiation receivers, so that one, in this way
- Defined measuring plane penetrating projectile can be recognized by the interruption of two beam paths, each of which is assigned the X or Y direction.
- any radiation can be used in principle, in which available response times, in particular the receiver, are suitable for evaluating even high shot sequence speeds.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19909863 | 1999-03-08 | ||
DE19909863A DE19909863A1 (de) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-03-08 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung einzelner Bilder aus einem Datenstrom |
DE29921081U DE29921081U1 (de) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-12-01 | Vorrichtung zur Zieldarstellung und Trefferkennung bei Schießanlagen |
DE29921081U | 1999-12-01 | ||
PCT/EP2000/000185 WO2000053998A1 (de) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-01-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur zieldarstellung und treffererkennung bei schiessanlagen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1159579A1 true EP1159579A1 (de) | 2001-12-05 |
EP1159579B1 EP1159579B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=26052222
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00902584A Expired - Lifetime EP1159579B1 (de) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-01-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur zieldarstellung und treffererkennung bei schiessanlagen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1159579B1 (de) |
TR (1) | TR200102602T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000053998A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2840064B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-22 | 2004-07-16 | Christian Georges Gera Saunier | Procede de simulation interactif comportemental de formation a la chasse au gibier |
CN100354595C (zh) * | 2003-12-04 | 2007-12-12 | 华南理工大学 | 实弹射击系统使用的识别慢射弹孔的方法 |
CN100354596C (zh) * | 2003-12-04 | 2007-12-12 | 华南理工大学 | 实弹射击系统及其使用的识别速射弹孔的方法 |
CN100354594C (zh) * | 2003-12-04 | 2007-12-12 | 华南理工大学 | 实弹射击计算机网络智能控制系统及其控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3849910A (en) * | 1973-02-12 | 1974-11-26 | Singer Co | Training apparatus for firearms use |
US4517593A (en) * | 1983-04-29 | 1985-05-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Video multiplexer |
US4824374A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1989-04-25 | Hendry Dennis J | Target trainer |
DE3729613A1 (de) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-23 | Rudolf Dipl Ing Pura | Schiessanlage |
DE4207933C2 (de) * | 1992-03-12 | 1997-03-20 | Spieth Ernst K Gmbh | Anordnung zur Anzeige und Auswertung von Treffern auf Schießscheiben |
DE19537389A1 (de) * | 1995-10-07 | 1997-04-10 | Bke Bildtechnik Inh Ernst Stec | Projektions-Hintergrunddarstellung für Schießtrainingsanlagen |
DE29721700U1 (de) * | 1997-12-09 | 1998-04-16 | Wolf Hermann Dipl Ing | Raumschießanlage |
-
2000
- 2000-01-13 WO PCT/EP2000/000185 patent/WO2000053998A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-01-13 TR TR2001/02602T patent/TR200102602T2/xx unknown
- 2000-01-13 EP EP00902584A patent/EP1159579B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0053998A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1159579B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
TR200102602T2 (tr) | 2002-04-22 |
WO2000053998A1 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
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