Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
  • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
  • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
  • E02F3/36—Component parts
  • E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
  • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
  • E01C23/08—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades
  • E01C23/085—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades using power-driven tools, e.g. vibratory tools
  • E01C23/088—Rotary tools, e.g. milling drums
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S37/00—Excavating
  • Y10S37/903—Scoop or scraper attachments

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for loosening and picking up cover layers, such as. Frozen soil, concrete surfaces, asphalt
• the subsoil into which the trenches are to be made sometimes consists of cohesive soil. However, it can also happen that the subsoil is rocky.
• Excavators with appropriate excavator buckets are usually used to dig trenches, hollows, pits or other depressions. In order to enable the trenches to be excavated even in difficult soil conditions and on sealed floors provided with more resistant top layers (road surface), it has already been proposed to combine an excavator shovel with a milling device. The milling device is arranged on the open front of the excavator bucket.
• a pick-up device which is set up for picking up and locally removing excavated material, is combined with a milling and cutting device, which allows the penetration of Concrete, rock or asphalt layers or frozen soil allowed.
• the milling and cutting device is preferably designed such that it enables a more or less smooth cut that separates the area to be loosened from areas that cannot be removed and that should remain undamaged. For example, if a trench is to cross a street, the road surface must be removed in the area of the trench; the rest of the surface should not be loosened.
• a diamond cut is conventionally used to make a separating cut in the road surface in order to prevent larger parts of the adjacent road surface from being torn out or damaged when the trench is opened.
• the milling and cutting device makes the separating cut unnecessary and only removes the road surface in the required area. It preferably has a milling and cutting rotor which is equipped with appropriate chisels and leaves an essentially smooth edge cut.
• a drive device is provided on the trench opening device to drive the milling and cutting device.
• a holding and guiding device carries both the milling and cutting device as well as the receiving device and the drive device, which are firmly connected to one another, and permits their positioning in order to mill ground layers and to dig out trenches.
• the receiving device has a free receiving opening, ie the milling and cutting device.g is not arranged in the area of the receiving opening of the receiving space. This makes it possible to pick up loosened excavation undisturbed regardless of the operation of the milling and cutting device.
• the device as a whole can be used as an excavator shovel without the need To drive milling and cutting device. This enables unhindered excavation of cohesive soils that could block a milling and cutting device.
• the milling and cutting device can have several rotors. In a preferred embodiment, however, it has only a single rotor equipped with chisels or other cutting tools. This is designed as a disc or roller mill and allows a milling depth of at least 20 cm, but preferably 30 cm or more. This makes it possible to excavate road surfaces and, if necessary, at least part of the substructure in one operation. It also makes it possible to make do with relatively narrow rotors that do not extend across the entire width of the excavator bucket (receiving device). This enables, for example, relatively large milling depths to be achieved with moderate drive powers of the drive device.
• the covering is then removed over a trench to be opened in several work steps, in that the covering is milled into strips in a laterally offset manner.
• the milling and cutting rotor is preferably accommodated in a chamber arranged on the rear of the receiving device, from which it projects with a section. This makes it possible to use the recording device and the milling and cutting rotor independently of one another.
• the pick-up device is not in the way when milling floor coverings or harder rock layers and the pick-up device is not a hindrance when picking up excavation. It is advantageous if the milling and cutting rotor has a diameter that is larger than half the height of the back of the cradle. This in turn enables the large milling depths mentioned above.
• the milling depth is preferably regulated by means of a support bar, support skid or plate which is supported on the material of the cover layer which has not yet been loosened.
• the strip, runner or plate can be arranged in front of or next to the rotor in the working direction.
• a stop bar is preferably arranged adjacent to and at a distance from the rotor, along which the chisels pass. By regulating the distance between the chisel tips and the stop bar, the grain size of the shredded material can be regulated. With the appropriate setting, the material is granulated relatively uniformly.
• the receiving device can have a flat underside. This is particularly advantageous for the formation of flat trench soles.
• the cutting and milling device is arranged above the same with the underside held horizontally.
• the axis of rotation of the milling and cutting rotor is arranged at a distance from the underside which is larger than the radius of the milling and cutting rotor in order to make this possible.
• An intermediate or dividing wall can be arranged between the chamber receiving the milling and cutting device and the receiving device. This can be made completely continuous and the milling and cutting device completely from the receiving device separate. If necessary, it is also possible to provide the partition with a through opening.
• the through opening is preferably arranged in the centrifugal area of the milling and cutting device. This enables the milled and crushed floor covering to be inserted directly into the receiving device.
• the through opening can be permanently open or can be provided with a flap or with a slide.
• the milling and cutting device allows not only the quick and easy loosening and loosening of the outer layers to be removed, but also their size reduction to a grain size or grain size ranges, which allow the milled and shredded material to be reinstalled as recycling material instead of ballast.
• the granulate produced by the milling process can be introduced directly into the receiving space of the receiving device through a corresponding passage opening mentioned above in the partition. If the partition is at least partially formed as a sieve or provided with a sieve, the milled material can be shredded with the rotor and classified in one operation. Only the portion with the desired grain size gets into the receiving space, while coarser parts are further exposed to the rotor and crushed or left lying. This saves drive power and enables the production of recycling material of high and uniform quality.
• the granules can initially remain in place and be picked up by the receiving device in a second operation. In the latter procedure, parts of the released deck cover or fragments of these are comparatively longer with the The milling and cutting rotor interact so that the material may be shredded more or more evenly.
• the device according to the invention allows a separate detection of crushed cover layers and underlying cohesive material. This in turn contributes to the fact that the milling and cutting rotor preferably does not occupy the entire width of the receiving device (excavator bucket).
• a guide device can be provided to the side of the milling and cutting rotor, which defines the milling depth.
• the guiding device can be formed by a guiding surface area, a guiding edge or a runner, which rests on a not yet excavated cover layer material and slides along it. This prevents the trench opening device from penetrating too deeply into the ground when the top layer is being milled, and thus inadvertently picking up cohesive substrate material.
• an adjustable guide element can be provided here in order to be able to adjust the milling depth.
• the position of the axis of rotation can be made adjustable, which in turn allows the milling depth to be adjusted. Under certain circumstances, this can also be done by using roters of different sizes. In most cases, however, at least in the case of simplified embodiments, it is not necessary to set the milling depth because of the 3-layer thickness that is common in road surfaces in many cases.
• the cohesive floor can also be reinstalled if necessary. For this purpose, it can be mixed with additives if necessary.
• the milling and cutting rotor can be used to mix the cohesive soil with the additives.
• the aggregate is applied to the cohesive soil, after which it is milled in with the milling and cutting rotor. This can be done before or after the excavation of the soil on site, on the loading area of a truck or on an intermediate storage area.
• the device is preferably provided or connectable with a weight which loads the cutting and milling device and presses it against the cover layer to be broken.
• a weight which loads the cutting and milling device and presses it against the cover layer to be broken.
• the weight can be formed by a steel ball to be accommodated by the device, some other weight or, for example, also a particularly heavy cover which is pivotally mounted in front of the receiving opening.
• the lid can be removable, freely pivotable or hydraulically pivoted.
• the lid has the advantage of being a holder. to leave free, so that this, at least in the embodiment with Through hole (s) between the milling tool and the receiving space, can be filled with milled material.
• the device according to the invention for detaching and receiving cover layers, in different working stages,
• FIGS. 1 to 5 shows the inventive device according to FIGS. 1 to 5, in a schematic and partial side view
• FIG. 7 shows the device for detaching and receiving cover layers, in a modified embodiment and in a schematic side view
• Fig. 8 shows a modified embodiment of the device for loosening and receiving cover layers, with two rotors, in a view of the back, and
• Fig. 9 shows a further modified embodiment of the device for reading and 'recording Cover layers, with two conical rotors, in a view of the back.
• FIG. 1 a device 1 for opening and digging trenches at work is illustrated in the detail.
• the device 1 is essentially designed as an excavator bucket with a bucket body 2. This has a receiving space 3, which is surrounded by flat walls 4, 5, 6.
• the wall 5 forms the underside of the excavator bucket, between the side walls 4, 5, 6 (the side wall 6 can be seen from FIG. 5) a receiving opening 7 is defined which is open over the entire width between the side walls 4 and 6 .
• the receiving opening 7 is not covered by any elements.
• teeth 8 are provided which, as is customary in an excavator bucket, are intended to assist or facilitate the excavation of soil material.
• a weight 10 in the form of a pivoted lid can be arranged on the receiving opening 7, e.g. has a mass of 2t.
• the weight 10 can be freely mounted on the excavator bucket or can be pivoted by means of a drive. It is preferably separable from the excavator bucket. Instead of the cover, other weights can also be provided.
• the receiving space 3 is delimited by a partition 9 against a chamber 11 in which a milling and cutting rotor 12 is rotatably mounted.
• the chamber 11 is arranged at the rear of the excavator bucket and does not extend over the entire width of the bucket. While the milling and cutting rotor with the side wall 6 is practically flat closes, a distance remains from the side wall 4.
• the side wall 4 ends in a support edge 15 or skid, which, as shown in FIG. 6, between an axis of rotation 16 about which the milling and cutting rotor 12 is rotatably mounted, and the latter Outer periphery 17 is arranged.
• the distance between the support edge 15 and a point 18 of the circumference 17 which is the most distant from it is 20 to 30 cm.
• the diameter of the circumference 18 is preferably greater than half the height of the back.
• the milling and cutting rotor 12 is also spaced from the wall 5, i.e. the circumference 18 maintains a distance of a few centimeters from the wall 5.
• a bar 18a or another device is arranged in the intermediate space formed in this way and has a continuous or interrupted edge which extends essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 16. With its distance from the chisels of the milling and cutting rotor 12 passing by, this regulates the grain size of the milled material and comminuted by the milling and cutting rotor.
• the strip 18a can be adjustably supported, if necessary, in order to be able to adjust the grain size.
• the milling and cutting rotor 12 can be adjustably mounted or its diameter can be varied.
• the milling and cutting rotor 12 is connected to a preferably hydraulic drive device 19, which sits in the hub 20 and is primarily supplied with hydraulic fluid by a control device in front of other consumers. Switching on and off takes place with a soft start-up and run-down process.
• the drive device 19 is supported on a carrier wall 21 which allel between the side walls 4 and 6 is arranged between them. In the remaining distance between the side wall 4 and the support wall 21 there is sufficient space for the guidance of hydraulic lines which serve to supply energy and power to the drive device 19. There are therefore no parts protruding beyond the side walls 4 and 6.
• the side walls 4 and 6 can thus be used in particular in cohesive soil to form smooth, straight side walls.
• the intermediate or dividing wall 9 can be planar or curved, can be designed to follow the circumference 18 of the milling and cutting rotor 12 at a distance, and can also be closed. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, however, it is provided with a through opening 22 which creates a connection between the chamber 11 and the receiving space 3.
• the through opening 22 adjoins the side surface 5 forming the bottom and is thus located in the centrifugal region of the milling and cutting rotor 1, 2.
• Its driving direction is set clockwise in Fig. 6, i.e. looking towards the back, the circumference 17 of the milling and cutting rotor 12 moves towards the side surface 5. The milling process takes place in the opposite direction.
• Corresponding chisels 23 mounted on the hub 20 determine the outer circumference 18 with their tips or cutting edges. They are also inclined against the radial direction, so that they define a positive radial angle. In the example they are set at an angle of 45 °. They are held in holders and can be exchanged with them. By equipping the milling and cutting rotor with larger or smaller knives 23 the grain of the material can be influenced.
• the chisels 23 are arranged in a number of rows, being offset relative to one another in relation to the circumferential direction in such a way that no material remains between adjacent chisels.
• the chisels 23 thus define one or more cutting edges aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 16, which extend to the side surface 6. If necessary, additional cutting tools can be provided in alignment with the side surface 6, which allow a particularly smooth edge cut.
• a cutting device that terminates approximately with the intermediate wall 21 can be provided on the rotor in order to permit a clean and smooth edge cut here. In the present embodiment, the milling and cutting rotor ends with the side wall 6.
• the milling and cutting rotor 12 forms, together with the drive device 19, a milling and cutting device 24 which is fixedly connected to a receiving device 25 which is ultimately formed by the receiving space 3 with its corresponding side walls 4, 5, 6 and the teeth 8.
• an adjustment device can be provided in a corresponding embodiment, with which the distance from the guide curve 15 to the point 18 from the outer circumference 17 of the milling and cutting rotor 12, ie the milling depth, can be adjusted.
• This can • the rotation axis 16 also be made by adjustment of the leading edge 15 or adjustment.
• the device 1, as indicated schematically in FIG. 6, is held by a holding and guiding device 26.
• wear which is formed for example by the boom of an excavator.
• Device 1 opens and picks up cover layers as follows:
• a trench can be opened in an area that is covered, for example, by a road surface 30.
• the device 1 is set by the holding and guiding device 26 such that the rear of the device 1 is essentially horizontal.
• the side surface 5 which otherwise forms the bottom is thus set vertically.
• the drive device 19 is now controlled in such a way that the milling and cutting rotor 12 rotates in the direction marked by an arrow 34 in FIG. 1.
• the device 1 is lowered so far that the edge 15 is seated on the asphalt surface layer 31. This can be seen in particular from FIG. 2.
• the milling and cutting rotor 12 penetrates into the road surface 30 to such an extent that at least the asphalt covering layer 31 is penetrated.
• the chisels 23 shred the existing road surface 31 and parts of the substructure 32.
• Cutting rotor 12 and the bar 18a fits through, in the groove milled by the milling and cutting rotor 12.
• the weight 10 effectively dampens and almost eliminates vibrations that occur during milling.
• the weight 10 generates a pressing force for the milling and cutting rotor 12.
• the working machine for guiding the device 1 is therefore relieved of static and dynamic forces.
• the milling and cutting rotor thus causes material shredding and separation. If the receiving device 25 is full, the milled-out road surface can be loaded onto a truck.
• the milling process is repeated laterally offset. Again, the leading edge 15 touches the existing road surface 31 and thus determines a uniform milling depth. Overall, a trough 37 with smooth side walls 38, 39 is opened, the distance from which is essentially the width of the excavator bucket, i.e. at a distance from the side walls 4, 5 corresponds to each other. If necessary, the distance between the cutting flanks 38, 39 can also be somewhat larger than the width of the excavator bucket (distance of the side surfaces 4, 5 from one another).
• the trench flank on the left in FIG. 3 can be designed to be stepped, if necessary, in order to be able to operate with milling over the then gradually narrowing To be able to penetrate the bottom of the trench.
• the road surface 30 is brought from the milling and cutting rotor 12 to a more or less uniform grain size. In any case, there are no excessively large fragments. Therefore, the excavation seperated from the cohesive soil 33 can be used like gravel and can be reinstalled when the trench is closed.
• the cohesive soil on the other hand, is recorded separately and can also be reinstalled. For this purpose, it may be necessary to incorporate lime or other additives into the cohesive soil.
• the milling and cutting rotor 12 can be used for this. 2 ⁇ es can both in the trench before excavation as well as on a separate Surface, for example next to the trench or on a loading area of a truck, by mixing the excavated soil deposited here with the aggregate. This can, for example, be deposited on the floor.
• the processing with the milling and cutting rotor 12 causes thorough mixing.
• the excavator bucket itself can be used for mixing.
• FIG. 7 A modified embodiment of the device 1 is illustrated in FIG. 7.
• a screen 40 is provided in or on the partition, which is arranged in the through opening 22.
• the sieve limits the grain size of the material fed into the receiving space 4. Fine particles are constantly removed from the milling space 11, while larger fragments remain exposed to the milling and cutting rotor 12 until the desired sieving fineness is reached.
• the sieve 40 can be exchangeably attached.
• the device thus has two devices for adjusting the grain: the bar 18a, which holds too large parts outside the milling space 11, and the sieve 40, which allows fine particles to emerge from the milling space 11. Both together form a classification device.
• FIGS. 8 and 9 Further embodiments of the device 1 are illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9. Both have two milling and cutting rotors 12a and 12b, which are driven separately or together. Otherwise, all the configurations described above are possible daily, which is why the same reference numerals are used in this respect. differences consist in the arrangement of the rotors.
• the milling and cutting rotors 12a, 12b can protrude laterally beyond the side walls 4, 6 according to FIG. 8.
• the guide bar of the plate 15 can be arranged between or in the direction of travel in front of the milling and cutting rotors 12a, 12b.
• the milling and cutting rotors 12a, 12b can be disc-shaped, cylindrical, conical, spherical or otherwise.
• a device 1 which is designed as an excavator shovel, serves to break up ground cover layers.
• a milling and cutting device 24 which has a predetermined milling depth and is used to penetrate road surfaces 30 or similar cover layers, and to break them up into a processable recycling material.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Road Repair (AREA)
• Shovels (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
• Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Transplanting Machines (AREA)
• Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
• Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
• Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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Family Cites Families (15)

• 1999
  • 1999-02-22 DE DE19907430A patent/DE19907430C5/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-01-26 US US09/890,373 patent/US6626499B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-01-26 AU AU64066/00A patent/AU6406600A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-01-26 JP JP2000603469A patent/JP2002538341A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-01-26 CA CA002361768A patent/CA2361768C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-01-26 ES ES00952784T patent/ES2222918T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-01-26 EP EP00952784A patent/EP1147265B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-01-26 WO PCT/DE2000/000215 patent/WO2000053855A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-01-26 DE DE50007289T patent/DE50007289D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-01-26 AT AT00952784T patent/ATE272755T1/de active
  • 2000-01-26 PT PT00952784T patent/PT1147265E/pt unknown

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