Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
  • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
  • C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
  • C08L25/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
  • C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2201/00—Properties
  • C08L2201/04—Antistatic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L77/12—Polyester-amides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions of antistatic acrylic polymers and more specifically a composition comprising an acrylic polymer (A), a copolymer (B) containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks essentially comprising ethylene oxide units ((C2H4— O) - and a polymer (C) chosen from acrylic impact modifiers and / or functional polymers.
• Acrylic polymer (A) antistatic properties.
• the formation and retention of static electricity charges on the surface of most plastics is known.
• the presence of static electricity on thermoplastic films leads for example these films to stick to each other making their separation difficult.
• the presence of static electricity on packaging films can cause the accumulation of dust on the objects to be packaged and thus hinder their use.
• Acrylic resins such as for example PMMA are used to make various objects and in particular transparent objects. Static electricity causes the accumulation of dust on the surface of these objects which is troublesome for transparency.
• antistatic agents such as ionic surfactants of the ethoxylated amine or sulfonate type which are added to polymers.
• the antistatic properties of the polymers depend on the ambient humidity and they are not permanent since these agents migrate to the surface of the polymers and disappear.
• antistatic agents copolymers with polyamide blocks and hydrophilic polyether blocks these agents have the advantage of not migrating and therefore of giving permanent antistatic properties and more independent of ambient humidity.
• the aim of the present invention is to make commercially available acrylic resins permanently antistatic, ie (i) resins essentially consisting only of acrylic polymer or (ii) resins consisting of a mixture of polymer acrylic and a shock modifier.
• Another object of the invention is also to improve the impact resistance, in particular multiaxial shock. With regard to transparent PMMA, the aim is also not to alter the transparency.
• Japanese patent application JP 60 023 435 A published on February 6, 1985 describes antistatic compositions comprising 5 to 80% of polyetheresteramide and 95 to 20% of a thermoplastic resin chosen among others from polystyrene, ABS and PMMA, this resin being functionalized with acrylic acid or maleic anhydride.
• a thermoplastic resin chosen among others from polystyrene, ABS and PMMA, this resin being functionalized with acrylic acid or maleic anhydride.
• examples show compositions consisting of 60 to 70 parts of carboxylated PMMA and 40 to 30 parts of polyetheresteramide (per 100 parts).
• Others show compositions consisting of 30 to 45 parts of carboxylated PMMA, 40 to 25 parts of PMMA and 30 parts of polyetheresteramide (per 100 parts).
• Japanese patent application JP 03 237 149 A published on October 23, 1991 describes antistatic compositions consisting of 40 to 99% of an acrylic resin, 1 to 60% of polyetheresteramide and 0.2 to 15% of a grafted polymer having maleic anhydride or epoxide functions and a part soluble in acrylic resin.
• the grafted polymer is complicated to prepare.
• Japanese patent applications JP 08 253640 A published on October 1, 1996 and JP 04 146 947 A published on May 20, 1992 describe anti-static and transparent compositions made of acrylic resin, polyetheresteramide and salts. It is not desirable to add salts to such compositions because then during the use of the compositions they can migrate.
• JP 05 295 213 A published on November 9, 1993 and JP 05 287 157 A published on November 2, 1993 describe anti-static and transparent compositions made up of acrylic resin, polyetheresteramide and optionally an electrolyte or sulphonic acid .
• Japanese patent applications JP 05 078 543 A and JP 04 146 947 A describe anti-static and transparent compositions made of acrylic resin and polyetheresteramide. The mechanical properties of the base resin are greatly altered.
• the present invention therefore relates to an antistatic composition with improved impact resistance comprising per 100 parts by weight:
• C being a polymer chosen from acrylic impact modifiers, copolymers (C1) of low mass of styrene and of an acid anhydride unsaturated carboxylic, copolymers (C2) of ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, copolymers (C3) of ethylene and an unsaturated epoxide or their mixtures.
• the invention is particularly useful for impact modified PMMA, ie a mixture of (A) and an acrylic impact modifier (C). It suffices to add thereto (B) to make this composition antistatic without it being necessary to add thereto one or more of the copolymers (C1) to
• an acrylic polymer (A) mention may be made of homopolymers of an alkyl (meth) acrylate.
• Alkyl (meth) acrylates are described in KIRK-OTHMER, Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 4th edition in Vol 1 pages 292-293 and in Vol 16 pages 475-478. Mention may also be made of copolymers of at least two of these (meth) acrylates and copolymers of at least one (meth) acrylate with at least one monomer chosen from acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene, isoprene provided that the proportion of (meth) acrylate is at least 50 mol%, the invention is particularly useful for PMMA.
• acrylic polymers are either made up of the monomers and possibly of the comonomers mentioned above and do not contain an impact modifier or they additionally contain an acrylic impact modifier.
• the acrylic impact modifiers are, for example, random or block copolymers of at least one monomer chosen from styrene, butadiene, isoprene and at least one monomer chosen from acrylonitrile and alkyl (meth) acrylates. , they can be of core-shell type.
• These acrylic impact modifiers can be mixed with the acrylic polymer (A) once prepared or be introduced during the polymerization of (A) or prepared simultaneously during the polymerization of (A).
• the MFI (melt flow index) of (A) can be between 2 and 15 g / 10 min measured at 230 ° C under a load of 3.8 kg.
• the amount of acrylic impact modifier can for example be from 0 to 30 parts per 100 to 70 parts of (A) and advantageously from 5 to 20 parts per 95 to 20 parts of (A).
• polymers (B) containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks result from the copolycondensation of polyamide blocks with reactive ends with polyether blocks with reactive ends, such as, inter alia:
• polyetherdiols Polyamide sequences at the ends of dicarboxylic chains with polyoxyalkylene sequences at the ends of diamine chains obtained by cyanoethylation and hydrogenation of polyoxyalkylene alpha-omega dihydroxylated aliphatic sequences called polyetherdiols.
• copolymers (B) are advantageously of this type.
• polyamide sequences with dicarboxylic chain ends originate, for example, from the condensation of alpha-omega aminocarboxylic acids, lactams or dicarboxylic acids and diamines in the presence of a chain-limiting dicarboxylic acid.
• the number-average molar mass Mn of the polyamide blocks is between 300 and 15,000 and preferably between 600 and 5,000.
• the mass Mn of the polyether blocks is between 100 and 6,000 and preferably between 200 and 3,000.
• polymers containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks can also comprise units distributed randomly. These polymers can be prepared by the simultaneous reaction of polyether and precursors of polyamide blocks.
• polyetherdiol, a lactam (or an alpha-omega amino acid) and a chain-limiting diacid can be reacted in the presence of a little water.
• a polymer is obtained which essentially has polyether blocks, polyamide blocks of very variable length, but also the various reactants which have reacted randomly which are distributed statistically along the polymer chain.
• polymers containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks whether they originate from the copolycondensation of polyamide and polyether blocks prepared beforehand or from a reaction in one step, exhibit, for example, shore D hardnesses which may be between 20 and 75 and advantageously between 30 and 70 and an intrinsic viscosity between 0.8 and 2.5 measured in metacresol at 250 ° C for an initial concentration of 0.8 g / 100 ml.
• the MFIs can be between 5 and 50 (235 ° C under a load of 1 kg)
• polyetherdiol blocks are either used as such and copolycondensed with polyamide blocks with carboxylic ends, or they are aminated to be transformed into polyether diamines and condensed with polyamide blocks with carboxylic ends. They can also be mixed with polyamide precursors and a chain limiter to make polymers with polyamide blocks and polyether blocks having randomly distributed units.
• the polyamide sequences with dicarboxylic chain ends originate, for example, from the condensation of alpha-omega aminocarboxylic acids, lactams or dicarboxylic acids and diamines in the presence of a chain-limiting dicarboxylic acid.
• alpha omega aminocarboxylic acids mention may be made of aminoundecanoic acid, by way of example of lactam one can cite caprolactam and lauryllactam, as an example of a dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, decanedioic acid and dodecanedioic acid may be mentioned, as an example of diamine, hexamethylene diamine may be mentioned.
• the polyamide blocks are made of polyamide12 or of polyamide 6. The melting point of these polyamide blocks which is also that of the copolymer (B) is generally 10 to 15 ° C. below that of PA 12 or PA 6.
• the polyamide sequences result from the condensation of one or more alpha omega aminocarboxylic acids and / or of one or more lactams having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence of a dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and are of low mass, that is to say Mn from 400 to 1000.
• alpha omega aminocarboxylic acid mention may be made of aminoundecanoic acid and aminododecanoic acid.
• dicarboxylic acid By way of example of dicarboxylic acid, mention may be made of adipic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, butanedioic acid, 1,4 cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, sodium salt or lithium sulphoisophthalic acid, dimerized fatty acids (these dimerized fatty acids have a dimer content of at least 98% and are preferably hydrogenated) and dodecanedioic acid HOOC- (CH 2 ) 10-COOH.
• a lactam mention may be made of caprolactam and lauryllactam.
• Caprolactam should be avoided unless the polyamide is purified from the monomeric caprolactam which remains dissolved therein.
• Polyamide sequences obtained by condensation of lauryllactam in the presence of adipic acid or dodecanedioic acid and of mass Mn 750 have a melting temperature of 127-130 ° C.
• the polyamide sequences result from the condensation of at least one alpha omega aminocarboxylic acid (or a lactam), at least one diamine and at least one dicarboxylic acid.
• the alpha omega aminocarboxylic acid, the lactam and the dicarboxylic acid can be chosen from those mentioned above.
• the diamine can be an aliphatic diamine having from 6 to 12 atoms, it can be arylic and / or cyclic saturated.
• Examples include hexamethylenediamine, piperazine, 1-aminoethylpiperazine, bisaminopropylpiperazine, tetramethylene diamine, octamethylene diamine, decamethylene diamine, dodecamethylene diamine, 1.5 diaminohexane, 2, 2,4-trimethyl-1, 6-diamino-hexane, polyols diamine, isophorone diamine (IPD), methyl pentamethylenediamine (MPDM), bis (aminocyclohexyl) methane (BACM), bis (3-methyl- 4 aminocyclohexyl) methane (BMACM).
• IPD isophorone diamine
• MPDM methyl pentamethylenediamine
• ALM bis (aminocyclohexyl) methane
• BMACM bis (3-methyl- 4 aminocyclohexyl) methane
• the various constituents of the polyamide block and their proportion are chosen to obtain a melting temperature below 150 ° C. and advantageously between 90 and 135 ° C.
• Copolyamides with low melting temperature are described in US Patents 4,483,975, DE 3,730,504, US 5,459,230, the same proportions of the constituents are used for the polyamide blocks of (B).
• (B) can also be the copolymers described in US 5,489,667.
• the polyether blocks can represent 5 to 85% by weight of (B).
• the polyether blocks can contain other units than the ethylene oxide units, such as for example propylene oxide or polytetrahydrofuran (which leads to polytetramethylene glycol sequences).
• PEG blocks can also be used simultaneously, that is to say those made up of ethylene oxide units, PPG blocks that is to say those made up of propylene oxide units and PTMG blocks that is to say those made up of units tetramethylene glycol also called polytetrahydrofuran.
• PEG blocks or blocks obtained by oxyethylation of bisphenols, such as for example bisphenol A are used. These latter products are described in patent EP 613 919.
• the amount of polyether blocks in (B) is advantageously from 10 to 50% by weight of (B) and preferably from 35 to 50%.
• copolymers of the invention can be prepared by any means allowing the polyamide blocks and the polyether blocks to be attached. In practice, essentially two methods are used, one said in 2 steps, the other in one step.
• the 2-step process consists first of all in preparing the polyamide blocks with carboxylic ends by condensation of the polyamide precursors in the presence of a chain-limiting dicarboxylic acid, then in a second step in adding the polyether and a catalyst. If the polyamide precursors are only lactams or alpha omega aminocarboxylic acids, a dicarboxylic acid is added. If the precursors already comprise a dicarboxylic acid, it is used in excess relative to the stoichiometry of the diamines. The reaction is usually carried out between 180 and 300 ° C, preferably 200 to 260 ° C, the pressure in the reactor is established between 5 and 30 bars, it is maintained for approximately 2 hours.
• the pressure is slowly reduced by putting the reactor into the atmosphere and then the excess water is distilled, for example an hour or two.
• the polyamide with carboxylic acid ends having been prepared, the polyether and a catalyst are then added.
• the polyether can be added one or more times, as can the catalyst.
• the polyether is first added, the reaction of the OH ends of the polyether and of the COOH ends of the polyamide begins with ester bond formations and elimination of water; Water is removed as much as possible from the reaction medium by distillation and then the catalyst is introduced to complete the bonding of the polyamide blocks and of the polyether blocks.
• This second step is carried out with stirring preferably under a vacuum of at least 5 mm Hg (650 Pa) at a temperature such that the reagents and copolymers obtained are in the molten state.
• this temperature can be between 100 and 400 ° C and most often 200 and 300 ° C.
• the reaction is followed by measuring the torque exerted by the molten polymer on the agitator or by the measurement of the electric power consumed by the agitator. The end of the reaction is determined by the value of the target torque or power.
• the catalyst is defined as being any product making it possible to facilitate the bonding of the polyamide blocks and of the polyether blocks by esterification.
• the catalyst is advantageously a derivative of a metal (M) chosen from the group formed by titanium, zirconium and hafnium.
• M represents titanium, zirconium or hafnium and the Rs, identical or different, denote alkyl radicals, linear or branched, having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl radicals C-] to C24 from which are chosen the radicals R of the tetraalkoxides used as catalysts in the process according to the invention are for example such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadodecyl .
• the preferred catalysts are the tetraalkoxides for which the radicals R, identical or different, are alkyl radicals C-
• the catalyst used in this process according to the invention can consist solely of one or more of the tetraalkoxides of formula M (OR) 4 defined above, it can also be formed by the association of one or more of these tetraalkoxides with one or more alkali or alkaline earth alcoholates of formula (R- O) pY in which R-
• the amounts of alkali or alkaline earth alcoholate and of zirconium or hafnium tetraalkoxides as the the combined to form the mixed catalyst can vary within wide limits. However, it is preferred to use amounts of alcoholate and tetraalkoxides such that the molar proportion of alcoholate is substantially equal to the molar proportion of tetraalkoxide.
• the proportion by weight of catalyst that is to say of the tetraalkoxide (s) when the catalyst does not contain alkali or alkaline earth alcoholate or else of all of the tetraalkoxide (s) and of alkali or alkaline alcoholates earthy when the catalyst is formed by the association of these two types of compounds, advantageously varies from 0.01 to 5% of the weight of the mixture of the polyamide dicarboxylic with the polyoxyalkylene glycol, and is preferably between 0.05 and 2% of this weight.
• salts of the metal (M) in particular the salts of (M) and of an organic acid and the complex salts between the oxide of (M) and / or l hydroxide of (M) and an organic acid.
• the organic acid can be formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauryac acid, acid myristic, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid and crotonic acid.
• Acetic and propionic acids are particularly preferred.
• M is zirconium.
• zirconyl salts These salts can be called zirconyl salts.
• the Applicant without being bound by this explanation, believes that these zirconium and organic acid salts or the complex salts mentioned above release ZrO ++ during the process.
• the product sold under the name of zirconyl acetate is used.
• the quantity to be used is the same as for the derivatives M (OR) 4 .
• all the reagents used in the two-step process are mixed, that is to say the polyamide precursors, the chain-limiting dicarboxylic acid, the polyether and the catalyst. These are the same reagents and the same catalyst as in the two-step process described above. If the polyamide precursors are only lactams, it is advantageous to add a little water.
• the copolymer has essentially the same polyether blocks, the same polyamide blocks, but also a small part of the various reactants which have reacted randomly which are distributed statistically along the polymer chain.
• the reactor is closed and heated with stirring as in the first step of the two-step process described above.
• the pressure is established between 5 and 30 bars.
• the reactor is placed under reduced pressure while maintaining vigorous stirring of the molten reactants.
• the reaction is followed as above for the two-step process.
• the catalyst used in the one-step process is preferably a salt of the metal (M) and an organic acid or a complex salt between the oxide of (M) and / or the hydroxide of (M) and an acid organic.
• the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride can be chosen, for example, from maleic, itaconic, citraconic, allylsuccinic, cyclohex-4-ene-1, 2-dicarboxylic, 4-methylenecyclohex-4- anhydrides ene-1,2-dicarboxylic, bicyclo (2,2,1) hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic, and x - methylbicyclo (2,2,1) hept-5-ene 2,2-dicarboxylic .
• maleic anhydride is used.
• the number-average molar mass is between 800 and 10,000 and preferably between 1,000 and 3,500.
• (C1) can be represented by the following formula:
• copolymers in which MAH denotes maleic anhydride, m varies from 1 to 3 and n varies from 6 to 8.
• MAH denotes maleic anhydride
• m varies from 1 to 3
• n varies from 6 to 8.
• SMA® Resins sold under the name of SMA® Resins by the company ELF ATOCHEM.
• copolymers (C2) they can be polyethylenes grafted with an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or copolymers of ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride which are obtained for example by radical polymerization.
• polyethylene onto which the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride is grafted, polyethylene is understood to mean homo- or copolymers.
• alpha-olefins advantageously those having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms; as examples of alpha olefins, mention may be made of propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3 -methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-dececene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1 - eicocene, 1-dococene, 1- tetracocene, 1-hexacocene, 1 - octacocene, and 1-triacontene; these alpha-olefins can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more than two,
• esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as, for example, alkyl (meth) acrylates, the alkyls possibly having up to 24 carbon atoms, examples of alkyl acrylate or methacrylate are in particular methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and n-octyl acrylate.
• - dienes such as, for example, 1,4-hexadiene.
• the polyethylene can comprise several comonomers.
• the polyethylene which can be a mixture of several polymers, comprises at least 50% and preferably 75% (in moles) of ethylene, its density can be between 0.86 and 0.98 g / cm 2.
• the MFI viscosity index at 190 ° C, 2.16 kg is advantageously between 1 and 1000 g / 10 min.
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• HDPE high density polyethylene
• LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
• VLDPE very low density polyethylene
• metallocene catalysis that is to say the polymers obtained by copolymerization of ethylene and of alphaolefin such as propylene, butene, hexene or octene in the presence of a monosite catalyst generally consisting of an atom of zirconium or titanium and two cyclic alkyl molecules linked to the metal. More specifically, metallocene catalysts are usually composed of two cyclopentadienic rings linked to the metal. These catalysts are frequently used with aluminoxanes as cocatalysts or activators, preferably methylaluminoxane (MAO). Hafnium can also be used as the metal to which cyclopentadiene is attached. Other metallocenes can include transition metals from groups IV A, V A, and VI A. Metals of the lanthamide series can also be used. - EPR elastomers (ethylene - propylene - rubber)
• copolymers of ethylene and of the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride that is to say those in which the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride is not grafted
• these are the copolymers of l ethylene, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride and optionally another monomer which can be chosen from the comonomers mentioned above for the ethylene copolymers intended to be grafted.
• the ethylene-maleic anhydride and ethylene - alkyl (meth) acrylate - maleic anhydride copolymers are advantageously used. These copolymers comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of maleic anhydride, from 0 to
• alkyl (meth) acrylate 40% by weight of alkyl (meth) acrylate.
• Their MFI is between 1 and 50 (190 ° C - 2.16 kg).
• the alkyl (meth) acrylates have already been described above.
• the copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated epoxide can be obtained by copolymerization of ethylene and an unsaturated epoxide or by grafting the unsaturated epoxide onto the polyethylene.
• the grafting can be carried out in the solvent phase or on the molten polyethylene in the presence of a peroxide. These grafting techniques are known in themselves.
• the copolymerization of ethylene and an unsaturated epoxide it is possible to use the so-called radical polymerization processes usually operating at pressures between 200 and 2,500 bars.
• unsaturated epoxides there may be mentioned: aliphatic glycidyl esters and ethers such as allyl glycidyl ether, vinyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl itaconate and maleate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, and alicyclic glycidyl esters and ethers such as 2-cyclohexene-1-glycidyl ether, cyclohexene-4,5-diglycidyl carboxylate, cyclohexene-4-glycidyl carboxylate, 5-norbomene-2-methyl-2-glycidyl carboxylate and endo cis-bicyclo (2,2,1) -5-heptene-2,3-diglycidyl dicarboxylate.
• aliphatic glycidyl esters and ethers such as allyl glycidyl ether, vinyl glycidyl ether,
• the copolymer (C3) is obtained from the grafting of a homo or copolymer polyethylene as described for (C2) except that an epoxy is grafted instead of an anhydride. Being a copolymerization it is also similar to (C2) except that an epoxide is used, there may also be other comonomers as in the case of (C2).
• the copolymer (C3) is advantageously an ethylene / (meth) alkyl acrylate / unsaturated epoxide copolymer.
• it can contain up to 40% by weight of alkyl (meth) acrylate and up to 10% by weight of unsaturated epoxide, preferably 0.1 to 8%.
• the epoxide is advantageously glycidyl (meth) acrylate.
• the alkyl (meth) acrylate is chosen from methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
• the amount of alkyl (meth) acrylate is advantageously from 20 to 35%.
• the MFI is advantageously between 1 and 50 (in g / 10 min at 190 ° C. under 2.16 kg) This copolymer can be obtained by radical polymerization of the monomers.
• the initial composition contains (A) and an acrylic impact modifier then it suffices to add (B), if the initial composition contains only (A) then it is necessary in addition to (B) to add one of the copolymers (C1 ) to (C3).
• the amount of (C1), (C2) or (C3) is advantageously such that (B) / (C) by weight is between 2 and 10 and preferably between 4 and 6. A mixture of 2 of these can be used.
• copolymers or of 3, as for the proportions in the ratio (B) / (C) (C) represents the sum of the quantities of (C1) to (C3) used.
• Anti-statism increases with the proportion of (B) and for equal amounts of (B) with the proportion of ethylene oxide units contained in (B).
• compositions in which (C) is an acrylic impact modifier advantageously 8 to 15 parts of (B) are used for 92 to 85 parts of (A) + (C) and preferably 8 to 11 parts of (B) for 92 to 89 parts of O 01 1
• the invention is particularly useful for impact modified PMMA with an acrylic impact modifier.
• mineral fillers talc, Ca3CO, kaolin, etc.
• reinforcements fiberglass, mineral fiber, carbon fiber, etc.
• stabilizers thermo, UV
• flame retardants and dyes as long as they are not transparent polymers (A).
• compositions of the invention are prepared by the usual techniques of thermoplastics such as for example by extrusion or using twin-screw mixers or even using a device of the type Ko-kneader BUSS®.
• thermoplastics such as for example by extrusion or using twin-screw mixers or even using a device of the type Ko-kneader BUSS®.
• the Applicant has found that in the case where (B) is added to (A) already containing an acrylic impact modifier, then it is not necessary to make an intimate mixture in an extruder or a mixer, to recover the compositions in the form granules or in the molten state and then introducing them into a molding or extrusion device; indeed it suffices to make a mixture of (A) containing the acrylic impact modifier and of (B) in the dry state in powder or granules (dry blend) then to introduce this mixture into the molding device or injection.
• the present invention also relates to objects manufactured with the preceding compositions; these are for example films, tubes, plates, packaging, computer or telephone cases.
• the MFI expressed in volume is used (the density of PMMA is 1.18 g / cm 3).
• PEBAX® MV 1074SN01 it is a copolyether-block amide having polyamide 12 blocks of average molar mass in number 1500 and PEG blocks of average molar mass in number 1500; the MFI is 14 at 235 ° C / 1 kg and the melting point at 158 ° C.
• PEBAX® MH 1657 it is a copolyether-block amide having polyamide 6 blocks of average molar mass in number 1500 and PEG blocks of average molar mass in number 1500; the MFI is 14 at 235 ° C / 1kg and the melting point at 204 ° C.
• compositions are produced and injected directly on a press at temperatures of 210 to 240 ° C in the form of plates with dimensions 100mmx100mmx2mm. These plates make it possible to carry out resistivity measurements according to the IEC-93 standard and multiaxial shock.

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• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-09-06 KR KR1020017005868A patent/KR20010099799A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-09-06 US US09/831,339 patent/US6525134B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-09-06 JP JP2001522328A patent/JP2003508622A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2000-09-06 EP EP00960806A patent/EP1144505A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-09-06 WO PCT/FR2000/002453 patent/WO2001018111A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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