EP1138036A1 - Afficheur a diode electroluminescente - Google Patents

Afficheur a diode electroluminescente

Info

Publication number
EP1138036A1
EP1138036A1 EP00969429A EP00969429A EP1138036A1 EP 1138036 A1 EP1138036 A1 EP 1138036A1 EP 00969429 A EP00969429 A EP 00969429A EP 00969429 A EP00969429 A EP 00969429A EP 1138036 A1 EP1138036 A1 EP 1138036A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display device
voltage
light
emitting diode
display
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00969429A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Guenole C. M. Silvestre
Adrianus Sempel
Mark T. Johnson
Cornelis H. Van Berkel
Guido Plangger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP00969429A priority Critical patent/EP1138036A1/fr
Publication of EP1138036A1 publication Critical patent/EP1138036A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3216—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using a passive matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3283—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data current for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/066—Waveforms comprising a gently increasing or decreasing portion, e.g. ramp
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0285—Improving the quality of display appearance using tables for spatial correction of display data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/029—Improving the quality of display appearance by monitoring one or more pixels in the display panel, e.g. by monitoring a fixed reference pixel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/029—Improving the quality of display appearance by monitoring one or more pixels in the display panel, e.g. by monitoring a fixed reference pixel
    • G09G2320/0295—Improving the quality of display appearance by monitoring one or more pixels in the display panel, e.g. by monitoring a fixed reference pixel by monitoring each display pixel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/04—Maintaining the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/041—Temperature compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/04—Maintaining the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/043—Preventing or counteracting the effects of ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2011—Display of intermediate tones by amplitude modulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a display device comprising one or more display elements, at least one of which comprises a light-emitting diode, and a driving unit for driving the one or more display elements.
  • Such display devices are known, e.g. from International Patent Application PCT/US98/08367 (Publ. No. WO 98/48403).
  • This document describes matrix displays which comprise a plurality of picture or display elements that are arranged in rows and columns.
  • the display incorporates a column data generator and a row select generator.
  • each row is sequentially activated via a row line, where the corresponding pixels are activated, using the corresponding column lines.
  • each row of pixels is illuminated sequentially one by one, whereas in an active matrix display, each pixel comprises a memory and each row of pixels is sequentially loaded with data.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • a display employing a LED pixel structure can reduce power consumption, which is especially advantageous for the use in portable electronic devices which depend on a battery as a power source.
  • a display employing a LED pixel structure can reduce power consumption, such a pixel structure may exhibit non-uniformity in intensity, which is attributable to many sources, two of which, i.e. threshold voltage drift of the drive transistor and transistor non-uniformity due to manufacturing, are acknowledged in WO 98/48403.
  • a current source into the LED pixel structures that reduces current non- uniformities and threshold voltage variations in the "drive transistor" of the pixel structure, said non-uniformities in intensity are also reduced.
  • other phenomena may give rise to non-uniformity in intensity.
  • the LEDs comprised in a display receive different currents depending on the information to be displayed during its use. This results in a non-homogeneous burn-in of the display which becomes unacceptable at levels where the change, usually a decrease, of the light output exceeds approximately 2 to 3%.
  • the display device is characterized in that the driving unit comprises means for measuring the voltage across the light-emitting diode and means for adjusting the drive signal for the light-emitting diode dependent on the measured voltage. It is preferred that the display device comprises means for determining the change of light output from the measured voltage and/or that the display device comprises a memory for storing the measured value or a value derived therefrom.
  • the light output (usually expressed in Cd/m ) of LEDs is roughly proportional to the current and is defined as the product of the current and the efficiency as a function of time.
  • a voltage increase was measured along with a decrease of light output. It was found that this voltage increase and light output decrease are correlated.
  • an analytical expression of the relationship between the increase of voltage and decrease of light output or a so-called Look-Up-Table (LUT) sampled in time can be used to determine the additional charge to be injected in a particular LED for it to maintain a (substantially) constant light output with reference to, for instance, an as yet unused LED.
  • the total amount of charge injected during the pulse sequence is modified to compensate for the light output degradation.
  • the invention is certainly useful in devices equipped with a single light-emitting diode, such as calibrated light sources and warning lights which should consistently emit a specified amount of light, it is in particular useful in display devices comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, such as segments or pixels.
  • the invention reduces or obviates the effects of non-homogeneous burn-in of the display, by adjusting the drive signal (which is preferably a current) and thus the light output of one or more of the LEDs, preferably of all the LEDs, to a predetermined level, for instance, that of an as yet unused LED.
  • the advantages of the present invention are especially noticeable in so-called organic and polymer LEDs, because non-homogeneous burn-in has hitherto been an imminent difficulty for the practical use of called organic and polymer LEDs.
  • the diodes are arranged in a matrix of rows and columns and the display device further comprises a column driver (sometimes also referred to as 'data generator') and a row driver (sometimes also referred to as 'select generator'). It is preferred that said memory is sufficiently large to store the measured values of an entire row or column or of the entire display.
  • the drive signal for the light-emitting diode is preferably adjusted through amplitude modulation (AM) and/or through pulse width modulation (PWM).
  • AM and PWM according to the present invention are preferably added to the AM and PWM that are usually already used to control, e.g., the shades of grey or brightness of the display elements.
  • the display device comprises means for measuring a threshold voltage of the light emitting diode, and means for adjusting the drive signal for said light emitting diode, dependent on the measured threshold voltage.
  • a threshold voltage of the light emitting diode is measured by the display device according to the invention.
  • One of the characteristics of a LED is that the light emission starts when the voltage across the light-emitting diode is higher than a threshold voltage. It was found that an increase of this threshold voltage and a decrease of the light output due to burn-in, are correlated. After determining the threshold voltage, e.g.
  • an analytical expression of the relationship between the increase of the threshold voltage and the decrease of light output or a LUT sampled in time can be used to determine the additional charge to be injected in a particular LED for it to maintain a (substantially) constant light output with reference to, for instance, an as yet unused LED. Subsequently, tot total amount of charge injected during the pulse sequence is modified to compensate for the light output degradation.
  • the threshold voltage can be determined when the LED is switched on, for example, by monitoring the current through the LED. The current through the LED shows a steep increase when the voltage across the LED becomes larger than the threshold voltage. Alternatively the onset of light emission can be monitored.
  • the resistive load of rows and columns causes a voltage drop which should be accounted for when measuring the exact values of the voltage across the emitting pixels.
  • temperature dependence of the light output of the display device according to the present invention can be reduced considerably by means of a temperature sensor and by implementing a temperature-dependent dimming or enhancing state.
  • Japanese patent publication 07226536 discloses a LED colour information display board which is said to exhibit accurate 'colour expression'. This accurate colour expression is achieved by measuring the forward direction voltage across one of three LEDs comprised in one pixel. The measured value is inputted in a programmable constant current circuit and the value of the current applied to the red colour LED is controlled in dependence on this measured value.
  • the technology according to this publication is based on the presumption that the rate of degradation in each LED comprised in one pixel is equal.
  • the present invention measures a voltage across a certain LED and subsequently provides an adjusted current through the same LED.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross-section of part of an electroluminescent display device in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a display device according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 3 to 5 show examples of drive signals for driving the display device according to Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 1 shows part of an electroluminescent display device comprising driving means 1 and an active or emissive layer 2 comprising, for instance, a conjugated polymerlike PPV (poly(p-phenylene vinylene)) or a PPV-derivative, arranged between two patterned electrode layers of an electroconductive material, i.e. column or data electrodes 3 and row or selection electrodes 4.
  • a matrix of light-emitting diodes LEDs
  • At least one of the electrode patterns is transparent to the emitted light in the active layer 2.
  • the column electrodes 3 are driven in such a way that they are at a sufficiently high positive voltage relative to the row electrodes 4 to inject holes in the active layer 2.
  • the material of the column electrodes 3 is usually a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), such as indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO). ITO is particularly suitable in that it has a good work function, a high electric conductance and a high transparency in the visible spectrum.
  • the selection electrodes 4 serve (relative to the electrodes 3) as negative electrodes for the injection of electrons in the active layer 2.
  • the material for the selection electrodes 4 may be, for instance, aluminium or a material having a low work function, such as indium or magnesium.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a part of a matrix of such LEDs having n rows and m columns.
  • the driving means 1 include a row selection circuit 5 (for example, a multiplex circuit) and a data register 6.
  • Information presented from the exterior for example a video signal, is processed in a control unit 7 which, dependent upon the information to be displayed, loads the individual parts of the data register 6.
  • the row-selection voltages are presented by the row-selection circuit 5.
  • Embodiment 1 Pixel at a time addressing
  • Fig. 2 comprises a voltage measurement capability 10 on each column, probing the voltage after each current source 11.
  • the LEDs 12 in each row line 4 ⁇ .. 4 n are addressed one at a time, with the driving scheme illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a line is selected for addressing as the row voltage applied is reduced from non-selection voltage V nonse i to o selection voltage V se ⁇ .
  • Current is then applied to each LED sequentially for a period of t p (t p is the line time divided by the number of columns, m).
  • the voltage, V measure at each column is first probed during the short test current pulse with amplitude Im e a sure - This V measure value is transferred to the data register 6 and stored in memory 14.
  • the voltage of the diode is calculated as follows
  • R row (R co i) are the resistances of the row (column) electrodes from the drivers to the actual pixel being addressed.
  • the actual value of V L E D is a measure of the degradation of the LED and hence of its light emission efficiency.
  • the driving current (I dr i ve ) is modified to compensate for the degradation of the LED.
  • the amount of current correction may be determined, e.g., with reference to a tabulated Look-Up-Table or LUT 13, or could be calculated by using an analytical expression.
  • the analytical expression and the LUT can be established, for instance, by measuring the voltage and the light output of a specific type of LED at a constant driving current. The measured values can be curve-fitted so as to obtain an analytical expression (e.g., an exponential or polynomial equation) or inputted in a LUT.
  • compensation may take the form of a modification in pulse width (in a pulse width modulation scheme - dashed line in Fig. 3) or in current amplitude (in an amplitude modulation scheme - dotted line in Fig. 3).
  • the row voltage reverts to V nons ei, and the following row is addressed in the same manner.
  • memory 14 need only be a small one pixel memory. This method can advantageously be used for driving segmented displays, where the number of display segments (pixels) is small and hence t p is large.
  • Embodiment 2 Line at a time addressing with line memory
  • the driving scheme is shown schematically in Fig. 4.
  • a row is selected by reducing the row voltage to V se ⁇ .
  • all the pixels in the row line are addressed simultaneously by all the current sources.
  • the pixels are all addressed close to a full line time, ti me , which makes this method also suitable for driving larger displays.
  • Determination of the individual pixel voltages proceeds similarly to embodiment 1, making use of the small measurement current pulse of amplitude I meas ur e to measure V meaS ure using the voltage probes.
  • the voltage at the pixels must be determined by correcting for the resistive voltage losses along both the row and columns, as was the case in embodiment 1.
  • the current along the row now varies, moving further away from the driver, as all the LEDs are being probed simultaneously. All these pixel voltages are subsequently stored in memory 14, which in this case is a line memory, and used to determine the modification in the driving current (I d ⁇ v e ) needed to compensate for the associated pixel degradation.
  • memory 14 which in this case is a line memory, and used to determine the modification in the driving current (I d ⁇ v e ) needed to compensate for the associated pixel degradation.
  • either LUTs or analytical functions may be realised as a change in either pulse width or amplitude of the driving current.
  • the row voltage reverts to V nonse i, and the following row may be addressed in the same manner.
  • the degradation compensation is being carried out dynamically (i.e. just before the pixels are driven).
  • the pixel degradation is rather gradual, and it may only be necessary to periodically probe the pixel voltages and then use the same compensation values for longer periods of time, perhaps up to several hours. This requires a frame memory 14.
  • Embodiment 3 Line at a time driving with a frame memory
  • the memory 14 is a frame memory which is used to store the measurement voltages of all the pixels in the display.
  • the driving scheme is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the first frame all the pixels in the display are addressed with the measurement current (I measu r e ), and the pixel voltages, measured in a similar manner as in embodiment 2, are stored in the frame memory 14.
  • the driving currents are modified according to the content of the frame memory 14.
  • either LUTs or analytical functions may be used to determine the modified currents, and the modification may be realised as a change in either pulse width or amplitude of the driving current.
  • the display continues to be driven with the same compensation for a predetermined period of time, at which point the frame memory 14 is again refilled with the new pixel voltages and a new set of compensation values is determined.
  • the time between subsequent filling of the frame memory 14 can be a fixed interval, or could be associated with the start of the display, or with the switching of the display to another mode of operation (such as when a Screensaver becomes operational).
  • the invention is not limited to the above described embodiments which can be varied in a number of ways within the scope of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a display device comprising one or more display elements, at least one of which comprises a light-emitting diode, and a driving unit for driving the one or more display elements.
  • the driving unit comprises means for measuring the voltage across the light-emitting diode and means for adjusting the drive signal for the light-emitting diode, dependent on the measured voltage.
  • Embodiment 4 pixel driving proportional to the pixel working voltage
  • the display device comprises means for measuring the voltage across the light emitting diode, and means for adjusting the drive signal for said light emitting diode, dependent on the measured voltage. More particular, the display device comprises means to adjust the drive signal through pulse width modulation.
  • the driving unit comprises means for increasing the pulse width of the drive signal for the light emitting diode by an amount depending on the working voltage across said light emitting diode.
  • the working voltage is the voltage across the light emitting diode which yields the programmed current through the emitting diode: The current pulses are switched on at time T on .
  • the switch-off time T 0 fr' is, to a close approximation, a function of the change of the working voltage ⁇ V p ⁇ x across the light emitting diode due to burn-in:
  • T off T o ff + ( ⁇ - ⁇ V p ⁇ x )
  • T 0ff the switch-off time for a pixel which has no burn-in
  • ⁇ a proportionality constant.
  • V p ⁇ x the working voltage across a LED with no burn-in.
  • T 0ff ' constant + ( ⁇ • V p ⁇ x ')
  • the switch-off time T 0 ff' shows a linear dependent on the working voltage across the LED.
  • the switch off time may be delayed for each pixel independently.
  • the proportionality constant ⁇ may be chosen such that the delayed switch-off time compensates the effects of LED burn-in.
  • the start of the current pulse T on is modulated according to the gray scaling. This allows that the switch-off time T 0ff ' is only a function of the pixel voltage V P j X ' and therefore is not dependent on the gray scaling.
  • V p j x When amplitude modulation of the current is used for the gray scaling, also V p j x will change when the amplitude of the current changes. Thus, a change in the amplitude of the current may also influence the switch-off time T 0 ff'. This effect may be, at least partially, compensated by choosing an appropriate proportionality constant ⁇ .
  • Fig. 6 shows an implementation of this embodiment of the invention.
  • the hardware for one segment driver is shown in Fig. 6a, which hardware allows for the delayed switching off.
  • the sequence of display driving is presented in Fig. 6b:
  • the voltage V 0ff starts to increase linearly.
  • the bypass transistor is activated and will short the programmed current. This will prevent the current from flowing through the LED, and the LED will stop with light emission.
  • V 0 ff is set back to zero, and the currents are reprogrammed for the next selected pixel in the multiplex sequence.
  • This embodiment allows a very cheap implementation in a driver IC, without extensive use of hardware.
  • a simple comparator is needed per segment, to compare the V 0ff with the actual V P j X '.
  • no memory is needed to store the result of the measurement of Vpi x or to store a LUT.
  • no complicated 'decide logic' is needed, which converts the measured V p i X ' to a different current amplitude or pulse width.
  • Another important advantage of this embodiment is that no measuring pulse is needed (as shown in Fig 3 and 4). This allows using the available time fully for displaying, instead of calibration also.
  • Embodiment 5 pixel driving proportional to the pixel threshold voltage
  • the display device comprises means for measuring the threshold voltage of the light emitting diode, and means for adjusting the drive signal for said light emitting diode, dependent on the threshold voltage. More particular, the display device comprises means to adjust the drive signal through pulse width modulation.
  • the driving unit comprises means for increasing the pulse width of the drive signal for the light emitting diode by an amount depending on the threshold voltage of said light emitting diode:
  • the current pulses are switched on at time T on - -
  • the switch-off time T 0 ff' is, to a close approximation, a function of the change of the threshold voltage ⁇ V t res hoid across the light emitting diode due to burn-in:
  • Toff' T 0 ff + ( ⁇ X ⁇ Vthreshoid)
  • T 0ff is the switch-off time for a pixel which has no burn-in
  • ⁇ is a proportionality constant.
  • Toff' T 0 ff - ( ⁇ X Vthreshold)+ ( * Vthrehold')
  • the switch-off time T 0ff ' shows a linear dependent on the threshold voltage of the LED
  • the switch off time may be delayed for each pixel independently.
  • the proportionality constant ⁇ may be chosen such that the delayed switch-off time compensates the effects of LED burn-in.
  • the start of the current pulse T on is modulated according to the gray scaling. This allows that the switch-off time T 0ff ' is only a function of the pixel threshold voltage V t hr es hoid' and therefore is not dependent on the gray scaling.
  • the electrical schematic of a LED display pixel can be given as a diode, with a parallel capacitance between the two electrodes. Due to the combination of the capacitance between the two electrodes and the current driving, the onset of light emission is delayed: At the beginning of a current pulse, as long as the voltage across the LED is lower than the threshold voltage of said LED, the constant current is used to charge up the capacitance C prx , instead of generating light (see Fig. 7). At the end of the current pulse (when the current is forced to zero), the charge in the capacitance is removed.
  • the capacitance C p i x is charged up.
  • This threshold voltage is not identical for the different pixels in the display device: Pixels that are switched on often, show a higher threshold voltage than pixels that are seldom used. Therefore, two display pixels with a different threshold voltage (other than that, they are identical) will not show the same brightness if being addressed in the display device. Pixels that are used more often will be less bright than pixels that are only rarely used. For example: - Assume a display with 80 frames per second. That means that each display pixel may be addressed up to 80 times per second, and therefore emits a light pulse up to 80 times per second.
  • the difference in the threshold voltage ⁇ V may be about 3V.
  • a driving unit which comprises means for increasing the pulse width of the drive signal for the light emitting diode by an amount depending on the threshold voltage of said light emitting diode.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un afficheur constitué d'au moins un élément afficheur dont l'un au moins comprend une diode électroluminescente, et d'un pilote faisant fonctionner les éléments afficheurs concernés. Le pilote comprend des organes mesurant la tension aux bornes de la diode électroluminescente et un organe réglant le signal pilote de la diode électroluminescente en fonction de la tension mesurée.
EP00969429A 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Afficheur a diode electroluminescente Withdrawn EP1138036A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00969429A EP1138036A1 (fr) 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Afficheur a diode electroluminescente

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99203341 1999-10-12
EP99203341 1999-10-12
EP00202915 2000-08-21
EP00202915 2000-08-21
EP00969429A EP1138036A1 (fr) 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Afficheur a diode electroluminescente
PCT/EP2000/009765 WO2001027910A1 (fr) 1999-10-12 2000-10-05 Afficheur a diode electroluminescente

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EP1138036A1 true EP1138036A1 (fr) 2001-10-04

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JP (1) JP2003511746A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010080746A (fr)
TW (1) TW580679B (fr)
WO (1) WO2001027910A1 (fr)

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