EP1136779A1 - Car for the transport of ceramic articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The carriage comprises a frame on which a metal base plate (9) is placed on which a support plate (4) made of at least two layers of fireproof material. Supports for the ceramic blanks (5) are arranged on the support plate. The uppermost layer (42) of the support plate has at least one layer of ceramic fiber and or fabric mats and extends over the entire surface. Abutting points (22) in the lengths of the layer are impervious to particles.

Description

The invention relates to trolleys for transporting ceramic blanks, in particular brick blanks, comprising a drying and / or firing system Frame on which a metallic base plate is fixed and one on it Base plate arranged, comprising at least two layers of refractory material Support plate on which support devices for the ceramic blanks are arranged, wherein the top layer of the platen is applied at least in one layer Ceramic fiber and / or ceramic fabric mats includes.

Plants for drying and / or firing ceramic blanks, e.g. Brick blanks have to be heated to relatively high temperatures in order to dry or to achieve a burning of the blanks. As a rule, larger ones are used today Industrial production of ceramic components used drying or firing systems in Tunnel construction kept. This means that their drying or combustion chamber is tunnel-shaped is designed and that the blanks by means of transport through these channels be moved through.

These means of transport must be designed so that they can handle the high Temperatures (up to 1000 ° C when burning) or the strong and relatively quickly in front of you temperature changes that occur during a firing or drying cycle (including loading at room temperature, drying / firing at high temperatures and Discharge at room temperature), withstand.

For this purpose, they are constructed relatively simply and generally only comprise a wheel-supported metal frame that serves as a holder for a made of refractory material, such as Lightweight stone, concrete or the like.

The presence of such trolleys within the drying or combustion chamber is inevitable, but has the disadvantage that the car actually Ceramic blanks absorb the intended thermal energy and thus the efficiency of the Reduce the drying or firing system. To prevent this, the top one, the Ceramic blanks adjacent layer of the platen by a highly heat insulating Layer, in particular through a ceramic fiber mat or a ceramic fabric mat, educated.

By means of this layer, the layers lying below it Platen, which due to its large mass and the associated high Heat storage capacity the largest share of the lost heat absorbed by the car has, thermally insulated against the drying or combustion chamber. With that, the car withdraws the drying or combustion chamber only very small amounts of heat from the heating The dry or combustion heat generated is almost exclusively the ceramic blanks fed. The efficiency of the drying and / or burning plant is significantly improved and operating the system more economically.

Of course, the ceramic mat explained cannot do the thermal energy Keep completely away from the lower layers of the platen. The minor through it The amount of heat that passes through will gradually heat these layers. However, this fact is by no means to be considered as damaging the mentioned effect, rather, it brings in particular with combined drying and firing systems, in which the ceramic blanks on a single trolley without being reloaded in between first run through a dryer duct and then through a combustion duct, following Advantage with itself:

After leaving the firing channel, the finished ceramic components unloaded, the carriage moves to the undried ceramic blanks and these charged. All of this takes place at room temperature and still takes some time Claim during which the lower layers of the Cool down the platen. Due to the ceramic mat, the Burning channel prevents heat energy absorbed during loading and unloading. The This means that the trolley is already preheated in the dryer duct, which means that it cannot Extract heat, but on the contrary give off a little heat and thus the Reduce energy requirements for the dryer system. Furthermore, the in the platen stored residual heat ensures that the dew point in the dryer channel is not undercut, i.e. that the slight residual moisture still contained in the ceramic blanks is not can condense and form water on the platen.

As already explained, the carts are very strong and relatively fast Exposed temperature fluctuations exposed, which makes the platen relatively greatly expands and contracts which processes, especially with continuous panels can lead to destruction. The layers of the under the ceramic mat Plates are therefore usually made up of a large number in a plane next to each other and manufactured by small expansion plates spaced apart from one another by predetermined expansion joints. Although the thermal expansion processes explained cannot be avoided with this, however, unlike in continuous panels, they do not cause any tension in the Partial panels emerge, as these can expand unimpeded into the expansion joints.

To make the drying and / or firing process as efficient as possible, i.e. all The ceramic blanks are used to design areas of each ceramic blank built around or flowing air currents. These currents cause one slight erosion of the ceramic blanks, i.e. particles are removed from them. These are carried along by the air currents and in the expansion joints deposited. These deposits are burned and analogous to the ceramic blanks solidified. After just a few drying and firing cycles, they can Deposits assume such dimensions that the joints are largely filled and the individual panels are connected to form a continuous panel. The thermal expansions Contractions or contractions lead to tensions again, due to which the partial plates burst and thus become unusable.

In the case of carriages constructed according to the prior art, this can Disadvantage with the ceramic mat cannot be prevented for the following reason: On the Support plate are arranged on which the ceramic blanks are placed are. According to the prior art known to date, these support devices comprise short ones Column pieces, which are passed through the ceramic mat and on the underlying one fixed layer of the support plate are set up and / or glued or concreted on. about the existing between the column pieces and the ceramic mat can the mentioned ceramic particles continue to an unacceptable extent to the lower layers penetrate and deposit in the expansion joints provided here.

It is an object of the invention, a car of the type mentioned specify the ceramic mat that forms its top layer and the bottom ones Protects layers effectively against the ceramic particles discussed.

According to the invention this is achieved in that the top layer overlaps the entire surface of its edition extending continuously and if necessary provided joints of a layer formed in the form of multiple webs is at least particle-impermeable and that the support devices on the top layer are put on.

As a result, there are none between the support devices and the ceramic mat Gaps more so that the top layer completely covers the bottom Layers of the platen causes. This means that particles can no longer enter the expansion joints of these layers occur, which significantly improves the service life of the platen and so that the economy of the entire drying and / or burning plant is increased.

It can be particularly favorable that the fibers of the ceramic fiber and / or fabric mats made of aluminum, silicon, zirconium oxide, calcium silicate, calcium aluminate or Like. Or mixtures of these materials are formed, since these materials in addition to necessary temperature resistance have particularly good insulation properties.

In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the top one Layers of ceramic fiber and / or sheets running parallel to one another Ceramic fabric mats included.

The ceramic mat is therefore easy to handle, i.e. quick and easy to lay the lower layers of the platen. Are adjacent tracks close together placed close together, the joints formed by them can not from the Ceramic particles are penetrated, so that the requirement of particle impermeability remains fulfilled despite the multi-part design of the top layer.

In this connection it can further be provided that the top one Layer at least two superimposed, each running parallel to each other Layers having webs and that joints of the two layers offset from each other run.

This ensures that if they are not sufficiently close together the tracks of the top layer possibly through the joints of the top layer penetrating ceramic particles not to the lower layers of the platen can reach.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the top layer under the webs in the Thin strips of refractory material, such as e.g. Ceramic fibers, ceramic fabrics or the like.

This means that even if two lanes are not sufficiently close together, through which a joint penetrable by ceramic particles is created ensures that these ceramic particles do not penetrate to the lower layers of the platen.

In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that two Adjacent webs are sewn together along the joint they form.

This is a particularly reliable option, a joint particle-impermeable between two webs.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the webs in the area of joints Are compressed towards their main plane.

If the mat webs shrink due to heating, expand these compressed areas and thus prevent the formation of gaps between the tracks.

Another feature of the invention may be that a layer of Support plate, preferably the layer adjacent to the base plate, made of calcium silicate is formed.

This material has a relatively high strength in the subject Application temperatures occurring with a low coefficient of thermal expansion on.

In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the metallic base plate made up of a large number of partial plates lying side by side like a mosaic is formed that each subplate with only at one point, preferably in the center is connected to the frame and that each partial plate is surrounded by an all-round gap.

The base plate can thus carry out thermal expansion unhindered despite these strains it remains completely flat. By ensuring this planicity is in further consequence also ensures that the platen remains flat.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention can be provided be that the partial plates extending at about 90 ° to the main plane of the partial plates Borders are provided.

The sub-panels thus form troughs, which also alternatively to solid panels can be filled with loose, heat-resistant materials.

In this connection it can be provided that in the gap between two adjacent partial plates a heat-resistant, preferably made of ceramic fibers, Seal is arranged. This seal is preferably on one of the gap adjacent boundaries set.

This leads to a play-free contact between two of adjacent sub-panels, without the unimpeded expansion due to temperature changes or contraction of the partial plates.

In this context it can be provided that on the other this gap bordering a metal strip is fixed to the surface the seal rests.

This allows the width of the seal to be chosen smaller than the gap width.

In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the Support devices for the ceramic blanks, rail-shaped supports and essentially Include bars running normal to these and lying on the beams.

Such support devices are full and stable on the platen; Furthermore, they have only a small contact area with the blanks, which means that Dry or combustion air flows can be applied to surfaces almost completely are. Finally, the support devices according to the invention have a low mass and therefore only extract a small amount of heat from the drying or firing channel.

In this connection it can be provided that the rail-shaped Carrier L-shaped cross-section and with the ends of their legs on the top Layer are attached.

Carriers designed in this way have a relatively small size Absorption of the necessary gravity from the brick blanks Strength values.

It has proven to be advantageous that the rail-shaped carrier in Intersection of their legs have notches for receiving the rods.

Lateral rolling of the bars can be effective with these notches be avoided.

In this context, in a further embodiment of the invention be provided that the notches are circular segment-shaped and one have a slightly larger radius than the rods.

This allows the bars to make small movements in relation to the carriers perform what thermal expansions carried out by the brick blanks not to build up of tension in the bars.

Furthermore, it can be provided that when the top layer is formed Lanes running parallel to one another, the beams overlapping the joints of these lanes are placed on the top layer.

The webs are thus in the areas of the joints of the weight of the Brick blanks pressed down, thus avoiding a gaping of the webs can.

It can be provided that the rail-shaped carrier made of silicon carbide and the rods are made of sillimanite, cordierite or silicon carbide because of these Materials have sufficient strength at the temperatures that occur.

Fig. 1 eine kombinierte Trocken- und Brennanlage schematisch im Grundriß;

Fig.2 einen Wagen 3 zum Transport von Keramikrohlingen im Grundriß, wobei die Auflageplatte 4 weggelassen ist;

Fig.3a den Schnitt durch einen vollständigen Wagen 3 entlang der in Fig.2 eingetragenen Linie A-A, wobei die Stützvorrichtungen 15 gemäß Stand der Technik angeordnet sind;

Fig.3b ein Säulenstück 10 der Stützvorrichtungen gemäß Fig.3a im Detail im Aufriß;

Fig.3c einen mit Ziegelrohlingen beladenen Wagen im Schrägriß;

Fig.4a den Schnitt durch einen vollständigen Wagen 3 entlang der in Fig.2 eingetragenen Linie A-A, wobei die Stützvorrichtungen 15 in erfindungsgemäßer Weise angeordnet sind;

Fig.4b den Schnitt durch einen vollständigen Wagen 3 entlang der in Fig.2 eingetragenen Linie B-B, wobei die Stützvorrichtungen 15 gemäß Fig.4a ausgebildet und angeordnet sind;

Fig.4c einen Abschnitt der Darstellung gemäß Fig.4b mit anders ausgebildeten Stützvorrichtungen 15;

Fig.5 einen unbeladenen Wagen 3 mit einer bevorzugten Ausführungsweise der obersten Schicht 42;

Fig.6a,b jeweils zwei benachbarte Keramikmatten-Bahnen nach Fig.5 im vertikalen Schnitt im aneinander anstoßenden Bereich;

Fig.7 eine zwei Keramikmatten-Lagen umfassende oberste Schicht 42 im vertikalen Schnitt;

Fig.8 zwei benachbarte Keramikmatten-Bahnen nach Fig.5 im vertikalen Schnitt im aneinander anstoßenden Bereich, wobei diese Matten aufgrund ihrer Überbreite im Bereich der Stoßstelle eine Auffaltung bilden und

Fig.9 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Wagen im Bereich eines Spaltes zwischen zwei Teilplatten der metallischen Grundplatte, welche Teilplatten gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ausgebildet sind.

The invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Figure 1 shows a combined drying and firing system schematically in plan.

2 shows a carriage 3 for the transport of ceramic blanks in plan, the support plate 4 being omitted;

3a shows the section through a complete carriage 3 along the line AA shown in FIG. 2, the support devices 15 being arranged according to the prior art;

3a shows a column section 10 of the support devices according to Figure 3a in detail in elevation;

3c shows a wagon loaded with brick blanks in an oblique view;

4a shows the section through a complete carriage 3 along the line AA shown in FIG. 2, the support devices 15 being arranged in the manner according to the invention;

4b shows the section through a complete carriage 3 along the line BB entered in FIG. 2, the support devices 15 being designed and arranged according to FIG.

4c shows a section of the illustration according to FIG. 4b with differently designed support devices 15;

5 shows an unloaded trolley 3 with a preferred embodiment of the top layer 42;

6a, b two adjacent ceramic mat sheets according to Figure 5 in vertical section in the abutting area;

7 a top layer 42 comprising two ceramic mat layers in vertical section;

8 shows two adjacent ceramic mat sheets according to FIG. 5 in vertical section in the abutting area, these mats forming a fold-up in the area of the joint due to their excess width

9 shows a vertical section through a carriage according to the invention in the region of a gap between two partial plates of the metallic base plate, which partial plates are designed according to a preferred embodiment.

1 shows a drying and firing plant for brick blanks, comprising a tunnel dryer 1 and a tunnel kiln 2, both of which Components are arranged side by side in one plane. In the following Description and in the accompanying drawings is made only on uphole brick blanks 5 with symbolically illustrated upholes 5 ', but what merely by way of example, but in no case the invention for use in such Brick blanks is to be understood restrictively. Rather, the invention can be used in any Ceramic blanks such as Solid brick, roof tile, flower pot blanks or the like are used become.

The brick blanks 5 are by means of a carriage 3, which along a Rail system 18 is movable, transported through the drying and burning plant. It is worth mentioning that one and the same car 3 for both the tunnel dryer 1 and is also used for the tunnel kiln 2, the brick blanks 5 between these two Attachments can not be reloaded.

The throughput time of a car 3 through the entire system is approximately twelve hours; the high thermal loads to which the carriage 3 is exposed, are clear from the temperatures entered.

The structure of a car 3 withstanding these loads is in the Fig. 2, 3 and 4 shown. In these drawing figures there is a for a better overview Carriage 3 shown with relatively small dimensions. As a rule, this car is 3rd manufactured significantly larger so that it can be used to transport significantly more than that drawn brick blanks 5 can serve.

In Figure 2 is first the grid-like frame forming the base of the carriage 3 to recognize. This frame includes longitudinal beams 6 and 6 extending in the transport direction T. on this fixed, normal to the side members 6 cross members 7. To the Side members 6 are mounted on wheels 8 with which the carriage 3 rests on the rails 18. The longitudinal members 6 are in the drawings as U-profiles, the cross members 7 as I-profiles trained, but which are only preferred design options and at any time are interchangeable with other profile shapes.

A sheet metal strip 19 is attached along the edge of the frame extends in the direction of the support plate 4 and forms a border for it.

A metallic base plate 9 is on the cross members 7 of the frame fixed on which a support plate 4 lies, the at least two, in which in Fig.3a embodiment shown comprises three layers of refractory materials.

The metallic base plate 9 is composed of a large number of mosaics side by side lying partial plates 90 formed. These partial plates 90 are each only at one point 91, which according to FIG. 2 is the center of the respective partial plate 90, with the Cross members 7 of the frame connected, which is done in the simplest case by welding can. Each partial plate 90 is surrounded by an all-round gap 92, i.e. to each other Adjacent partial plates 90 are spaced apart from one another, adjacent to the sheet metal strip 19 lying partial plates 90 are arranged at a distance from this strip 19.

The sub-plates 90 can thus expand or Execute contractions without warping. The base plate 9 therefore offers a temperature-independent, flat support surface for the support plate 4 lying on it.

A layer of this support plate 4, preferably that of the base plate 9 Adjacent layer 40 is by a plurality of plates lying side by side like a mosaic made up of calcium silicate.

The overlying layer 41 is also made of a variety of Composed of individual stones, which are preferably formed from lightweight fire stone. In There are regular expansion gaps 41 'between the stones of this layer 41 provided, whereby it is achieved that the stones due to the temperature changes Can expand or contract unhindered in the drying and / or burning channel. Around To ensure a uniform, constant joint width over time, the Expansion joints 41 'ceramic mats inserted. Such expansion joints can also between the plates of the lower layer 40 or between these plates and the Edge sheet metal strips 19 may be provided.

The top layer 42 of the platen 4 comprises ceramic fiber and / or Ceramic fabric mats, which are applied in at least one layer.

Support devices 15 are on this multilayer support plate 4 arranged, on which the brick blanks 5 matrix-shaped with the mutual distances K and b are arranged (see Fig.3c). This spaced arrangement will ensured that all brick blanks 5 evenly from the air currents in Dryer 1 or in the kiln 2 are flowed around or through. The holes 5 'are there arranged transversely to the transport direction T. The direction of air flow in dryer 1 and Kiln 2 preferably runs in the direction of this uphole orientation, that is transverse to Transport direction T.

According to the prior art known to date, as shown in FIGS. 3a, b, the support devices 15 comprise short column pieces 10, which pass through the soft Passed ceramic mat and on the underlying solid layer 41 of the Support plate 4 are set up and / or glued or concreted on. On this Column pieces 10 are provided with recesses 11 plates 12 on which the Brick blanks 5 are placed.

As can be seen in FIG. 3b, there are between the column pieces 10 and the ceramic mat columns 13, through which removed from the blanks 5 Advance ceramic particles 14 to layer 41, fill in the predetermined expansion joints 41 'there and thus prevent the expansion of the individual stones of the layer 41.

Preventing this intrusion of ceramic particles 14 into the Desired expansion joints 41 'are provided according to the invention, the top layer 42 of the Support plate 4 extending continuously over the entire surface of its support to train. This continuous extension can - as explained below - by one-piece formation of the layer 42 or by formation of the layer 42 in the form of Multiple lanes can be reached. In any case, layer 42 has a total to be particle impermeable, which in one piece execution by use Correspondingly close-meshed ceramic mats are immediately given.

When layer 42 is formed in the form of multiple webs, layer 42 is also at least particle-impermeable at abutments 22 that may be provided educated. The state-of-the-art recesses in the ceramic mat for the Support devices 15 are no longer provided and the support devices 15 on the top layer 42 placed.

The "particle-impermeable" formation of the top layer 42 means in Within the scope of this application, this layer 42 is designed such that such Ceramic particles 14 from the blanks during the drying and / or firing process 5 are removed, cannot pass through them. Said ceramic particles 14 can be caused, for example, by erosion caused by the air currents in the Dryer 1 and / or oven 2, or by thermal expansion, which the blanks 5 as a result of Execute temperature fluctuations.

The expression "at least impermeable to particles" is intended to express be that the top layer 42 can also be designed according to the invention so that smaller particles than the ceramic particles 14 (e.g. dust particles) from the lower ones Layers 41, 40 are held.

The support devices 15 can have any shape, they can also the design shown in FIG. 3a as column pieces 10 with plates 12 lying thereon maintained.

However, the one shown in FIGS. 4 a, b has proven to be particularly favorable Embodiment proven: Here, the support devices 15 comprise rail-shaped carriers 16 and substantially normal to these, lying on the beams 16 rods 17th

The rail-shaped carriers 16 are preferably made of silicon carbide; the Rods 17 made of sillimanite or cordierite, with others, the temperatures in Materials 1 that can withstand the dryer 1 or the furnace 2, e.g. Ceramics, in particular Silicon carbide or for the carrier 16 also cordierite come into question.

The specific profile shape of the carrier 16 and the rods 17 is also free selectable, because of the stable support, it has proven to be advantageous to use the rails 16 to form an L-shaped cross section and this with the ends of their legs 16 " to put the top layer 42 (see Fig.4a). The rods 17 are due to the low flow resistance with low weight and sufficient Strength designed as hollow cylindrical tubes (see Fig.4b).

The platen 4 is in the embodiment shown in Fig.4a, b carried out in three layers, i.e. has an additional layer made of lightweight fire bricks 43 on. With such a three-layer structure it can be provided that the middle Layer 41 is not made entirely of light-weight bricks, but only its borders, while the inner sections are formed by calcium silicate plates.

In order to prevent the rods 17 from rolling, the supports 16 are included Notches 16 'equipped for receiving the rods 17, in which notches 16' Rods 17 are inserted. These notches 16 'are at the intersection of the two in the Legs of the carrier 16 are generally of the same length.

The notches 16 'are preferably in the form of a segment of a circle and have a slightly larger radius than the rods 17, with which the rods 17 are not full, but lie on the straps 16 with slight play.

In the legs of the carrier 16 bores 16a are made, which is a Reduction of the carrier mass causes and the dryer or burner air Flow through the carrier 16 allowed.

As can be seen in FIG. 4 a, the rail-shaped supports 16 slightly press in the ceramic mat, which impression is advantageous for the stability of the support 16, because this creates indentations in the ceramic mat in which the carrier 16 are locked into place. So that this locking effect can actually occur, the Width of the carrier 16 in the support area on the ceramic mat taking into account the weight resting on the carrier 16 (formed mainly by the brick blanks 5) so be chosen broadly so that a certain indentation depth is not fallen below.

As shown in Figure 4c, the support devices 15 can also 3a and 4a, b can be a combination of supports 16 and rods 17 on columns 10 rest which pillars 10 in the inventive manner on the ceramic mat of the top Layer 42 are set up.

Materials for the fibers of ceramic fiber and / or fabric mats come for example aluminum, silicon, zirconium oxide, calcium silicate, calcium aluminate or the like. Or mixtures of these materials in question.

The easiest way to run the ceramic mat is to use it to be made in one piece over the entire surface of the support plate 4. Weighing 3 for loading tunnel dryers and kilns are relatively large, namely several (5-7) meters long and wide, which creates difficulties in the Handling of ceramic fiber and / or - also having these dimensions result in fabric mats.

It is therefore favorable to have the uppermost layer 42 of the support plate 4 as in FIG. 5 shown, in several parts, for example in the form of mutually parallel tracks 20, each consisting of ceramic fiber and / or fabric mats. So that each butt joints 22 formed between two adjacent tracks 20 are not of Ceramic particles are enforceable, the sheets 20 must be placed close together become.

In order to keep the webs 20 securely in this arrangement or the joints 22 to reliably seal the ceramic particles, two adjacent tracks 20 be sewn together along the joint 22 formed by them (see Fig. 6a).

According to FIG. 6b, the uppermost layer 42 comprises, in addition to the webs 20 these in the areas of the joints 22 arranged thin strips 21 with which also a complete, complete covering of the with expansion joints 41 ' equipped layer 41 of the platen 4 is given. The advantage of this arrangement is in that the particle impermeability of the uppermost layer 42 according to the invention even then is fulfilled if the individual webs 20 are not laid cleanly close to one another or in the Slightly delay the passage of time.

Since the thin strips 21 also withstand the high temperatures in the dryer 1 and / or have to withstand in the furnace 2, they are also made of refractory material, e.g. Ceramic fibers, ceramic fabrics or the like. Made.

To a gaping of the ceramic mat sheets 20 in the area To prevent joints 22, the carriers 16 are the joints 22 of these tracks 20 placed across the top layer 42, as shown in FIGS. 4 a and 5.

Ceramic mats have the property that when heated for the first time slightly shrink, i.e. reduce their dimensions somewhat. This would have the consequence that if the ceramic mat webs 20 be pushed close to each other when the car is heated for the first time in the area the joints 20 columns arise. To prevent this, the webs 20 become somewhat cut wider and when laying in the area of the joints 22 in the direction of their Main layer compressed. The resulting compressed areas are shown in Fig.6b indicated by the narrower, meandering hatching. The compression takes place in that the fold-out 23, which form two sheets 20 which are too wide when they are placed against one another, (see Fig. 8) is depressed.

According to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7, the top layer 42 comprises instead of a thick layer, two thin layers one on top of the other. Each of these layers is through several parallel runs of ceramic fiber and / or fabric mat sheets 20 formed, the vertically extending joints 22 of the two layers are arranged offset to each other. The lower layer thus prevents strips 21 according to FIG. 6b, penetration of those located in the drying or furnace space Ceramic particles 14 into the predetermined expansion joints 41 '. You can also add below the joints 22 of the individual ceramic mat webs the thin strips 21 are provided and adjacent webs 20 are sewn together.

The discussed compression of the webs 20 in the at the joints 22nd Subsequent areas can also be the top layer in this two-layer version 42 may be provided.

FIG. 8 shows a modification of the metal base plate 9 Sub-plates 90 shown. According to this modification, these partial plates 90 are at approximately 90 ° to the main plane of the partial plates 90 extending edges 93 provided in the simplest case are caused by angling the edge areas of the partial plates 90. As an alternative to this, the borders 93 can also be formed by the actual partial plates 90 separate sheet metal strips, which are fixed to them, for example, by welding his. The calcium silicate plates of the lowermost layer 40 have this boundary 93 bordered.

The partial plates 93 thus have the shape of tubs, which allows the lowest layer 40 due to loosely poured material, e.g. by pearlite sand.

In the gap 92 between two adjacent partial plates 90 there is a heat-resistant one Seal 94 arranged, which is preferably formed from ceramic fibers. This seal 94 is fixed on one of the borders 93 adjacent to the gap 92. in the Embodiment of Figure 9 is a bezel 95 with a U-shaped cross section provided that is fixed to the edge 93, for example welded. On the other border 93 adjacent to this gap 92, a metal strip 96 is fixed, which rests on the surface of the seal 94. If the partial plates 90 due to As temperature changes expand, the metal strip 96 will enter the seal 94 pressed or when the partial plates 90 contract, something out of this drawn. The gap 92 is thus closed by a seal 94 and a metal strip 96.

Those immediately adjacent to such a gap 92 Lightweight bricks 41 "of the second layer 41 can have sloping sections Have side surfaces 97 and higher than the other stones or slabs of the second layer 41, namely also extending over the height of the third layer 43.

Claims (20)

Carriage (3) for transporting ceramic blanks, in particular brick blanks (5), through a drying and / or firing system, comprising a frame on which a metallic base plate (9) is fixed and an at least two layers arranged on this base plate (9) support plate (4) comprising a refractory material, on which support devices (15) for the ceramic blanks (5) are arranged, the uppermost layer (42) of the support plate (4) comprising at least one layer of applied ceramic fiber and / or ceramic fabric mats, thereby characterized in that the uppermost layer (42) extends continuously over the entire area of its support and is at least particle-impermeable at the joints (22) of a layer (42) formed in the form of multiple webs, and that the supporting devices (15) on the uppermost one Layer (42) are placed. Trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers of the ceramic fiber and / or fabric mats are formed from aluminum, silicon, zirconium oxide, calcium silicate, calcium aluminate or the like or mixtures of these materials. Trolley according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the top layer (42) comprises mutually parallel tracks (20) made of ceramic fiber and / or ceramic fabric mats. Carriage according to claim 3, characterized in that the top layer (42) comprises at least two layers (20) lying one above the other, each running parallel to one another, and in that joints (22) of the two layers run offset from one another. Trolley according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the top layer (42) under the tracks (20) in the areas of the joints (22) arranged thin strips (21) made of refractory material, such as ceramic fibers, ceramic fabric or the like. , includes. Trolley according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that two adjacent webs (20) are sewn together along the joint (22) they form. Carriage according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the tracks (20) are compressed in the region of butt joints (22) in the direction of their main plane. Trolley according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a layer of the support plate (4), preferably the layer (40) adjacent to the base plate (9), is formed from calcium silicate. Carriage according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic base plate (9) is formed from a plurality of partial plates (90) lying next to one another in a mosaic-like manner, that each partial plate (90) only with one point (91), preferably in the center, with the Frame is connected and that each partial plate (90) is surrounded by an all-round gap (92). Trolley according to claim 9, characterized in that the partial plates (90) are provided with edges (93) which extend approximately 90 ° to the main plane of the partial plates (90). Trolley according to Claim 10, characterized in that a heat-resistant seal (94), preferably made of ceramic fibers, is arranged in the gap (92) between two adjacent partial plates (90). Carriage according to claim 11, characterized in that the seal (94) is fixed on one of the borders (93) adjoining the gap (92). Carriage according to claim 12, characterized in that a metal strip (96) is fixed on the other border (93) adjoining this gap (92) and bears against the surface of the seal (94). Trolley according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support devices (15) for the ceramic blanks (5) comprise rail-shaped supports (16) and rods (17) lying essentially normal to them and lying on the supports (16). Trolley according to claim 14, characterized in that the rail-shaped supports (16) have an L-shaped cross-section and the ends (16 ") of their legs are placed on the top layer (42). Carriage according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the rail-shaped supports (16) have notches (16 ') at the intersection of their legs for receiving the rods (17). Carriage according to claim 16, characterized in that the notches (16 ') are designed in the form of a segment of a circle and have a slightly larger radius than the rods (17). Carriage according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that when the top layer (42) is formed by mutually parallel tracks (20), the carriers (16) overlap the joints (22) of these tracks (20) with the top layer ( 42) are attached. Carriage according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the rail-shaped supports (16) are formed from silicon carbide. Trolley according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the rods (17) are formed from sillimanite, cordierite or silicon carbide.

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