EP2921807B1 - Oven system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a furnace assembly, as used for example for firing ceramic workpieces or for the heat treatment of steel.

According to the prior art is known from practical manual "thermal process technology", Volume 2, Vulkanverlag a shuttle kiln. A shuttle kiln forms an oven assembly comprising an oven having a bottom and side walls extending therefrom. In the sidewalls, punctiform burners are provided above the bottom along the sidewalls. Furthermore, the known furnace arrangement on a carriage for receiving fuel or burning workpieces. The carriage has a first support surface provided at a predetermined distance from the ground. On the first support surface usually made of steel or cast steel support profiles or support are supported, which for example have a width of 200 to 400 mm and a length of 1000 to 2000 mm. The carriers have a trapezoidal profile and are supported on the first support surface transversely to the transport direction of the hearth car. The supports to be fired are supported on the supports. The arrangement of the carrier usually depends on the geometry of the workpieces to be supported.

The furnace arrangement known from the prior art has the disadvantage that the exhaust gases are not distributed homogeneously therein. During the firing process, zones with a different temperature are formed in the furnace chamber. As a result, the workpieces are not always homogeneously heated or fired or sintered due to their geometry.

The DE 1 433 722 B discloses a gas- or oil-fired heating furnace with one or more zones whose predominantly different temperature is separately controllable to achieve any annealing programs.

The US 2 386 835 A1 describes a kiln for calcining bulk material, namely lime. In order to achieve the most effective calcination of the lime, this is correspondingly layered on a step-like base. The hot exhaust gases escape through the underlay and the layered lime.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a furnace arrangement is to be specified, which is characterized during the firing process by a particularly homogeneous temperature distribution in the furnace.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features of claims 2 to 17.

In accordance with the invention, a furnace assembly is proposed, comprising
an oven having a bottom and side walls extending therefrom, wherein at least one surface burner having a slot-shaped outlet opening for hot exhaust gases extending at a predetermined first distance above the bottom along the side wall is provided on at least one of the two side walls, wherein the slot-shaped outlet opening in the extension direction a length and perpendicular to a height, wherein in the slot-shaped outlet opening, at least one of an open pore space having porous mat is used,
a supported on the ground exhaust distribution device which forms a second spaced from the ground first support surface, the second distance at least equal to the height of the slot-shaped outlet opening, so that the operating exiting therefrom exhaust gases formed in a between the bottom and the first support surface Be led exhaust distribution space, and
wherein the first support surface has openings for discharging the exhaust gases from the exhaust gas distribution space in a furnace chamber located above it.

In departure from the prior art, a "surface burner" is used according to the invention. It is a fully pre-mixed burner in which a mixture of gas and air is burned. The area burner includes in the sense of the present description, a slit-shaped outlet opening arranged downstream of the burner downstream in the side wall of the furnace. From the surface burner only hot "fuel gases" or "exhaust gases" come out. Ie. In departure from the prior art, the floor is not exposed to free flames, but only with hot exhaust gases.

According to the invention, an exhaust gas distribution device supported on the floor is also provided which forms an exhaust gas distribution space. The exiting from the slit-shaped outlet opening hot exhaust gases are fed into the exhaust distribution space. It is further provided that a first support surface bounding the exhaust gas distribution space to the furnace chamber has openings for discharging the exhaust gases from the exhaust gas distribution space. The first support surface has the function of distributing the exhaust gases evenly over the furnace space. On the first support surface also burning workpieces can be supported directly. The proposed furnace arrangement is distinguished during operation by a particularly homogeneous temperature distribution in the furnace chamber. This makes it possible to homogeneously heat workpieces over their entire geometry or burn or sinter.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "furnace" is to be interpreted broadly. It is generally a device for the thermal treatment of a workpiece. For the purposes of the present invention, an "oven" may be a stationary oven, for example a chamber oven, a shuttle oven, a continuous furnace or the like. But it may also be that parts of the furnace, in particular the ceiling and / or the side walls are movable. In the context of the present invention, an "oven" can also be a hood oven in which the ceiling together with the side walls form a hood that can be lifted off the floor. Such a hood furnace can also be designed so that the material is separated from the exhaust gases by means of an additionally integrated in the furnace chamber hood. In this case, an indirect heating of the material takes place. In this case, an area enclosed by the hood interior is advantageously filled with a protective gas. Furthermore, it may be in the oven to act a sliding furnace, in which a hood of the furnace is raised only so far that the connection between the bottom and the side walls is released. The oven can be designed so that the floor is designed in such a length that the hood can be placed in two different positions with respect to the ground. This makes it possible to operate the furnace quasi continuously, wherein in a first position, a thermal treatment takes place, while unloading in the second position, an already thermally treated Good or the second position is loaded with a material to be thermally treated. - The material to be treated can also be transported continuously through the oven. In this case, the oven may be a blast furnace, reciprocating hearth furnace, walking beam furnace, rotary hearth furnace, roller hearth furnace or stepping furnace.

According to an advantageous embodiment, an opening area formed by the apertures decreases towards the side walls. This allows a particularly homogeneous distribution of the hot exhaust gases in the furnace chamber.

For determining the "opening area" in the sense of the present invention, the first support surface can be subdivided into a multiplicity of surface elements of equal size. Such surface elements are advantageously square. The "opening area" per surface element results from the area of the surface element minus the areas formed by the openings. The surface elements selected for determining the opening area are usually dimensioned such that they have at least one, preferably two, openings.

According to an advantageous embodiment, in each case at least one surface burner is provided in each case with a slot-shaped outlet opening for hot exhaust gases which extends at a predetermined first distance above the floor along the respective side wall. On each of the side walls or on both side walls, a plurality of surface burners may be provided in succession, the slot-shaped outlet openings adjoin one another, so that along at least one of the side walls over a substantial Part whose length extending successive slot-shaped outlet openings in the first distance from the ground. The plurality of slot-shaped exit openings may also be connected to a single slot-shaped exit opening extending over a substantial portion of the length of the side wall. - The proposed slot-shaped outlet openings allow a homogeneous heat input over the entire length of the slot-shaped outlet opening opposite exhaust gas distribution space. In the exhaust distribution space is, for. B. perpendicular to a transport direction of a car, a temperature profile, which along a, z. B. extending in the transport direction of the car, length of the exhaust distribution space is substantially constant.

The provision of a porous plate serves to equalize the velocity and the temperature of the hot exhaust gases emerging from the slot-shaped outlet opening. This also contributes to the formation of a uniform temperature profile over the length of the exhaust distribution space.

According to one embodiment, extending rails are provided on the floor parallel to the side walls on which a carriage is supported for receiving fuel, which has a provided at a predetermined third distance from the ground second support surface, wherein the third distance corresponds to the first distance or smaller as the first distance is. By applying only hot exhaust gases to the second support surface according to the invention, it is no longer necessary, in departure from the state of the art, to produce the second support surface from a cast, refractory concrete. The second support surface may for example be made of one or more metal plates. The metal plates may additionally be thermally insulated from the exhaust gas distribution space with a ceramic insulation layer, for example made of ceramic fibers. In the proposed furnace arrangement, in particular the car can be produced easily and inexpensively.

Advantageously, the first support surface is formed of at least one, the apertures having metal plate which is supported on supported on the bottom or the second support surface support means. The support means are made for example of steel or cast steel. They have a triangular, trapezoidal or rectangular profile. Perpendicular to a direction of extension of the profile, the support means may have further breakthroughs. The support means are expediently placed on the second support surface such that an extension direction of the profile runs perpendicular to the transport direction of the carriage. The support means may be arranged, for example, at a distance of 100 to 500 mm substantially parallel to each other.

To form the first support surface, a plurality of metal plates may also be placed in abutting arrangement on the support means. The metal plates may extend over the length of the bottom or the second support surface and have a width which corresponds to only a fraction of the width of the bottom or the second support surface. It can be provided metal plates whose openings form a total of different sized opening areas. Thus, by juxtaposing a plurality of metal plates, an opening area decreasing toward the side walls can be easily realized.

The support means may have recesses on the upper side facing the first support surface. The metal plates for forming the first support surface may be formed so that they have to the support means extending engagement elements, such as tongues, which engage for fixing the position of the metal plates in the recesses of the support means. In this case, the metal plates are thus formed bridge-like and each span a gap, which is formed between two parallel support means. To increase the dimensional stability of the metal plates, these may be formed in the manner of U-profiles. The two legs of the U-profiles in this case form the long sides of the U-profile. The engaging elements are on the short sides provided the U-profile. In the assembled state, the legs of the U-profile also in the direction of the exhaust distribution space.

On the first support surface support bridges may be supported, which also span the intermediate space formed between two parallel support means. The support bridges serve to remove a high load caused by heavy firing. By using the support bridges, the load acting through the fuel can be removed particularly safe and reliable on the car.

Instead of the metal plates, the first support surface can also be realized by juxtaposing support means with rectangular profiles. In this case, the first support surface is formed by a cover surface of the profile opposite the bottom or the second support surface. The apertures are provided in the top surface, such that an opening area formed by the apertures increases from the sidewalls toward the center of the first support surface.

The support means and / or the support bridges may be made of metal or ceramic.

The support means are arranged on the second support surface, that the extension direction of the profile is perpendicular or oblique to the side walls. The arrangement of the support means is chosen so that the most homogeneous temperature distribution in the furnace chamber is achieved.

The second support surface may be provided on its upper side facing the exhaust distribution space with a thermal insulation. It may be, for example, a ceramic fiber material or another high temperature resistant insulation material.

According to a further embodiment, at least one further surface burner with an extending in the side wall at least one of the two side walls another slot-shaped outlet opening provided for hot exhaust gases, wherein the further slot-shaped outlet opening opens above the first support surface in the furnace chamber. The further slot-shaped outlet opening can extend in particular in the vicinity of a ceiling of the furnace in at least one of the two side walls. Expediently, a plate is arranged opposite the further slot-shaped outlet opening in the oven chamber in order to guide the hot exhaust gases guided through the further slot-shaped outlet opening into the oven chamber in the direction of the first support surface. The plate expediently runs in sections parallel to the side wall such that a transport space above the first support surface remains free.

The further slot-shaped outlet openings can be configured analogously to the slot-shaped outlet openings. In particular, at least one further surface burner with a further slot-shaped outlet opening for hot exhaust gases extending in the side wall may be provided on each of the side walls, wherein the further slot-shaped outlet openings open above the first support surface into the furnace chamber. This allows a particularly homogeneous temperature distribution can be achieved within the furnace chamber.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one further surface burner with a further outlet opening provided in the ceiling for hot exhaust gases is provided on the ceiling. The further outlet opening may be rectangular, round or slot-shaped. The further outlet opening may be arranged downstream of an exhaust gas distribution plate extending in the furnace chamber parallel to the ceiling, which is formed from at least one further metal plate having further openings. The exhaust distribution plate may be formed similarly to the first support surface defining the exhaust distribution space toward the furnace room. The exhaust distribution plate distributes the exhaust gases evenly across the furnace space and helps to deliver the exhaust gases at a uniform flow rate in the furnace chamber in the direction of the combustible material.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, at least one porous plate having an open pore space is inserted into the slot-shaped outlet opening and / or the further outlet opening. The provision of a porous plate serves to equalize the velocity of the hot exhaust gases emerging from the slot-shaped or further outlet opening. This also contributes to the formation of a uniform temperature profile over the length of the exhaust distribution space.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer ersten Ofenanordnung,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf die Ofenanordnung gemäß der Schnittlinie A-A' in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine teilweise perspektivische Ansicht eines ersten Stützmittels,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer zweiten Ofenanordnung,

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf die Ofenanordnung gemäß der Schnittlinie A-A' in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine teilweise perspektivische Ansicht eines zweiten Stützmittels,

Fig. 7

eine teilweise perspektivische Ansicht einer dritten Ofenanordnung,

Fig. 8

eine zweite perspektivische Teilansicht gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht gemäß Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

eine Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

eine Draufsicht auf ein Brückenelement gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 12

eine erste Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 11,

Fig. 13

eine zweite Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 11,

Fig. 14

eine Draufsicht auf ein Profilblech gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 15

eine erste Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 14,

Fig. 16

eine zweite Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 14,

Fig. 17

ein Randprofilblech gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 18

eine erste Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 17,

Fig. 19

eine zweite Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 17,

Fig. 20

eine Draufsicht auf ein Frontprofilblech gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 21

eine erste Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 20,

Fig. 22

eine zweite Seitenansicht gemäß Fig. 20,

Fig. 23

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Ofenanordnung mit weiteren Brennern und

Fig. 24

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer vierten Ofenanordnung.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a first furnace assembly,

Fig. 2

a plan view of the furnace assembly according to the section line AA 'in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a partial perspective view of a first support means,

Fig. 4

a schematic side view of a second furnace arrangement,

Fig. 5

a plan view of the furnace assembly according to the section line AA 'in Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

a partial perspective view of a second support means,

Fig. 7

a partial perspective view of a third furnace assembly,

Fig. 8

a second perspective partial view according to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9

a plan view according to Fig. 8 .

Fig. 10

a side view according to Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

a plan view of a bridge element according to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 12

a first side view according to Fig. 11 .

Fig. 13

a second side view according to Fig. 11 .

Fig. 14

a plan view of a profile sheet according to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 15

a first side view according to Fig. 14 .

Fig. 16

a second side view according to Fig. 14 .

Fig. 17

an edge profile sheet according to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 18

a first side view according to Fig. 17 .

Fig. 19

a second side view according to Fig. 17 .

Fig. 20

a plan view of a front profile sheet according to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 21

a first side view according to Fig. 20 .

Fig. 22

a second side view according to Fig. 20 .

Fig. 23

a schematic side view of a furnace assembly with other burners and

Fig. 24

a schematic side view of a fourth furnace assembly.

In Fig. 1 For example, an oven, generally designated by reference numeral 1, has a bottom 2 and side walls 3 extending therefrom. A rear wall and a gate for loading and unloading the furnace 1 are not shown here. A from the bottom 2, the side walls 3 and a ceiling 4 of the furnace 1 enclosed furnace chamber is designated by the reference numeral O. At a first distance A1 above the bottom 2, slot-shaped outlet openings 5 for hot exhaust gases extend in the side walls 3. A mounted outside the furnace chamber O burner for generating the hot exhaust gases is not shown here for clarity. It can be a conventional burner operated with gas or oil. The slot-shaped outlet opening 5 may be closed by a porous plate 6. The porous plate 6 is formed so that it has an open pore space and thus allows passage of the hot exhaust gases into the furnace chamber O.

Reference numeral 7 designates a carriage which is guided by means of wheels 8 on rails 9 provided on the floor 2. The carriage 7 has a second support surface 10 on which a first support means 11 is supported. On the first support means 11, metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are supported in a transport direction T extending perpendicularly to the plane of the paper. The metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d form a first support surface 13. On the first support surface 13 broken lines indicated workpieces 14 are supported, which are introduced into the furnace chamber O for firing.

The second support surface 10 has a third distance A3 from the bottom 2. The third distance A3 corresponds to the first distance A1 or is smaller than the first distance A1. The reference H denotes a height of the slot-shaped outlet opening 5. The second support surface 10 and the first support surface 13 are spaced from each other by a second distance A2. The second distance A2 is greater than the height H. Between the second support surface 10 and the first support surface 13, an exhaust distribution space B is formed. The height H of the slot-shaped outlet opening 5 is at most so large that it corresponds to a (not shown in detail here) further height of the exhaust gas distribution space B.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view along the section line AA 'in Fig. 1 , Out Fig. 2 In particular, the configuration of the first 12a, the second 12b, the third 12c and fourth metal plates 12d can be seen. The metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d each have first openings 15. A first opening area formed by all first openings 15 of a first metal plate 12a is smaller than a second opening area formed by all the first openings 15 of a second metal plate 12b. The second opening area of the second metal plate 12b is smaller than a third opening area formed by all the first openings 15 of a third metal plate 12c. The third opening area is smaller than a fourth opening area formed by all the first openings 15 of the fourth metal plate 12d. The strip-shaped metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are supported in their longitudinal direction substantially parallel to the transport direction T abutting on the first support means 11, which are indicated here by broken lines. Because of the arrangement of the metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, an opening area formed by the first openings 15 increases from the side walls 3 to a center therebetween. Out Fig. 2 is also seen that along the side heat 3, a plurality of slot-shaped outlet openings 5 are provided with a length L, which are arranged successively. The plurality of slot-shaped outlet openings 5 can also be combined to form a single slot-shaped outlet opening 5, which extends over substantially the entire length L of the metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d in the transport direction T.

Fig. 3 shows a first support means 11 in a perspective view. The first support means 11 has a trapezoidal profile. Perpendicular to an extension direction of the profile second openings 16 are provided in profile side walls. In a first profile ceiling 17a further third openings 17 are provided. In particular, the second openings 16 serve to homogenize the heat distribution within the exhaust gas distribution space B in the transport direction T.

In contrast to that in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown embodiments are in Fig. 4 supported on the second support surface 10 second support means 18, whose configuration in particular from the FIGS. 5 and 6 closer. The second support means 18 have in profile a rectangular cross-section. The first openings 15 are arranged in a second profile ceiling 18a of the second support means 18 such that an opening area formed by the first openings 15 to a center of the first Support surface 13 increases towards.

The Fig. 7 to 22nd show a third furnace arrangement. As in particular from the FIGS. 9 and 10 it can be seen, a top of the second support surface 10 facing the exhaust distribution space B is covered with a thermally insulated layer 19. The thermally insulating layer 19 may be made of a ceramic material, for example. Third support means 20 are supported on the second support surface 10. The second support surface 10 may be made of metal in this case. It is because of the provision of the thermally insulating layer 19 in this case, no longer required that the second support surface 10 is part of a solid, made of refractory concrete plate. Thus, the carriage 7 can be made considerably easier. Because of the weight savings heat energy can be saved.

The thermally insulating layer 19 may extend from the top of the second support surface 10 to the first distance A1.

The reference numeral 21 designates burners which are mounted on both sides of the exhaust distribution space B in a side wall of a furnace 1 (not shown here) in such a way that the exhaust gases produced during operation in the exhaust distribution space B formed between the second support surface 10 and the first support surface 13 be guided.

As in particular from the Fig. 7 to 9 shows, the first support surface 13 is formed here of a plurality of profile plates 22, edge profile plates 23 and side profile plates 24.

The third support means 20 have recesses 25 on their upper side facing the first support surface 13. The profile sheets 22 are formed in the manner of a U-profile. From a first profile cover plate 26 extend legs 27, which form the long sides of the profile sheets 22. From the short sides of the first profile cover plate 26, first metal tongues 28 extend in the same direction as the legs 27. The first profile cover plate 26 has fourth openings 29. The legs 27 are provided with fifth openings 30.

As in particular from Fig. 8 it can be seen, engage in the assembled state, the first metal tongues 28 in the recesses 25 adjacently arranged third support means 20 a. The profile sheets 22 thus form a bridge between two adjacently arranged third support means 20. Die in 17 to 19 shown edge profile sheets are similar to the profile sheets 22 designed. They also have a first profiled cover plate 26, from which branches 27 and first metal tongues 28 extend in the manner of a U-profile. The edge profile plates 23 are designed asymmetrically in their longitudinal extent, whereas the profile plates 22 are configured symmetrically in their longitudinal extent.

As in particular from the Fig. 7 and 8th shows the profile sheets 22 and the edge profile plates 23 with the third support means 20 a cross-connection, by the first metal tongues 28 respectively engage in the recesses 25 of the third support means 20. The exhaust gas distribution space B is further limited on its two short sides by means of side profile plates 24. A side profile sheet 24 is in the FIGS. 20 to 22 shown. From a second profile cover plate 30a extends a second metal tongue 31 and a cover plate 32. The cover plate 32 is provided by means of slot-like sixth openings 33. The second profile cover plate 30a has seventh apertures 34. The side profile sheet 24 is in the manner of an L-profile designed. The second metal tongue 31 extends in the same direction as the cover plate 32.

As in particular from the Fig. 7 and 8th it can be seen, support bridges 35 may be supported on the first support surface 13 formed from the juxtaposed first 26 and second profile cover plates 30a. A support bridge 35 is in the Fig. 11 to 13 shown. It is designed in the manner of a square tube profile, which can be provided in two opposite side walls with eighth openings 36. Another length L1 of the profile bridges 35 is dimensioned so that they can also be supported via two adjacently arranged third support means 20 in the manner of a bridge.

The function of the furnace arrangement shown in the figures is as follows:

By means of the burners 21 shown, hot exhaust gases are generated which are conducted through the slot-shaped outlet openings 5 into the exhaust-gas distribution space B. A velocity of the exhaust gases is reduced by the porous plates 6 and made uniform. The hot exhaust gases are distributed uniformly in the exhaust distribution space B between the support means 11, 18, 20. In particular, the second apertures 16 provided in the support means 11, 18, 20 also contribute to this purpose.

A flow rate and a temperature of the hot exhaust gases decrease from the sidewalls 3 to an intermediate center. In order to produce the most homogeneous possible temperature distribution within the oven space O, the opening area formed by the first openings 15 is compensated towards the center. It results in both embodiments of the furnace assembly, a particularly homogeneous temperature distribution in the furnace chamber O.

A gap between the adjacent metal plates 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d or the adjacent second support means 18 may be provided with suitable high temperature resistant Sealants, such as fiber mats, sealing cords or the like. Be sealed. The further height of the exhaust distribution space B can be varied by introducing insulation means, for example ceramic mats or the like.

The openings 15, 16, 17, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36 may be of equal size. But they can also be designed differently sized. They can be round, oval, slit-shaped or otherwise geometrically designed.

In the in the Fig. 7 to 22nd shown third furnace assembly, the first support surface 13 is substantially formed by a plurality of profiled sheets 22 which extend in their longitudinal extent only from a third support means 20 to the adjacent third support means 20. The recesses 25 in the third support means 20 are arranged and dimensioned such that the profiled sheets 22 and edge profiled sheets 23 inserted therein with the first metal tongues 28 lie flush against one another and thus form the first support surface 13. Because of the provided in the profile sheets 22 and the edge profile sheets 23 fourth openings 29 a uniform distribution of the exhaust gas distribution chamber B supplied hot exhaust gases in the oven chamber O is achieved.

Burning workpieces 14 can be supported directly on the first support surface 13 or indirectly via the support bridges 35 on the first support surface 13.

Fig. 23 shows the example of the second furnace arrangement according to Fig. 4 an embodiment which is applicable to all the above-described furnace arrangements. In this case, more burners 37 are arranged outside the furnace space O above the first support surface 13 in the region of the side walls 3. The further burners 37 discharge hot exhaust gas through the further slot-shaped outlet openings 5 'into the furnace space O. The further slot-shaped outlet openings 5 'advantageously also extend over the length L. They can have the height H. According to an advantageous embodiment, the further outlet openings 5 '- as in Fig. 23 is shown - plates 38 upstream. The plates 38 may be made of metal or ceramic. They serve to guide the exhaust gases emitted from the further burners 37 in the direction of the first support surface 13. For this purpose, the plates 38 may be angled in a ceiling 4 facing portion to the adjacent side wall 3 out. The plates 38 also have the function of uniformly heating the furnace chamber O by radiant heat emitted thereby. The plates 38 thus serve, on the one hand, to guide the exhaust gas flow and, on the other hand, to indirectly heat the oven space O. To set the most homogeneous possible temperature distribution in the oven space O, apertures, for example slots or the like, can be provided in the plates 38 at suitable positions. The plates 38 advantageously extend at least in sections parallel to the side walls 3.

At the in Fig. 24 shown fourth furnace assembly, the carriage 7 is omitted. The above-mentioned second support surface 10 here corresponds to the bottom 2.

At a first distance A1 above the bottom 2 extending in the side walls 3, preferably slit-shaped, outlet openings 5 for the hot exhaust gases. The first distance A1 can be 0.

The exhaust gas distribution device is supported directly on the floor 2. The exhaust gas distribution device has a first support surface 13 spaced from the bottom 2 at a second distance A2. The second distance A2 corresponds at least to the height H of the slot-shaped outlet openings 5, so that the exhaust gases exiting therefrom during operation are guided into an exhaust gas distribution space B formed between the base 2 and the first support surface 13.

Because of the design options of the exhaust distribution device is on the FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 to 22 directed. The exhaust gas distribution device is supported on the bottom 2 instead of on the second support surface 10 in the fourth furnace arrangement.

Although not shown in the figures, at least one further outlet opening can also be provided in the ceiling 4. The further outlet opening is outside the oven space O - similar to in Fig. 23 shown - assigned to another burner, which in turn is a gas operated surface burner.

Parallel to the ceiling 4 may be mounted at a predetermined distance within the furnace space O (not shown here) exhaust distribution plate. The predetermined distance may be, for example, a distance which corresponds approximately to the second distance A2. The predetermined distance can be 15 to 50 cm. The exhaust distribution plate can - similar to the first support surface 13 forming metal plate - have further breakthroughs. The shape and arrangement of the apertures may be as in the case of the first support surface 13 forming metal plate.

Instead of the exhaust distribution plate can also be provided from the ceiling 4 in the direction of the bottom 2 extending exhaust distribution body. The exhaust gas distribution body is arranged downstream of the further outlet opening downstream and extends into the furnace chamber O. Its shape can be configured corresponding to a burning or drying material. For example, the exhaust distribution body may be dome-shaped, frusto-conical, cylindrical, conical or the like. Breakthroughs may also be provided in the exhaust distribution body. The exhaust distribution body is suitably made of metal.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

oven

2

ground

3

Side wall

4

blanket

5

outlet opening

5 '

further outlet opening

6

porous plate

7

dare

8th

wheel

9

rail

10

second support surface

11

first support means

12a, 12b, 12c, 12d

metal plate

13

first support surface

14

workpieces

15

first breakthrough

16

second breakthrough

17

third breakthrough

17a

first profile ceiling

18

second support means

18a

second profile ceiling

19

insulating layer

20

third proppant

21

burner

22

Profilblech

23

Edge profile sheet

24

Page Profilblech

25

recess

26

first profile cover plate

27

leg

28

first metal tongue

29

fourth breakthrough

30

fifth breakthrough

30a

second profile cover plate

31

second metal tongue

32

Cover plate

33

sixth breakthrough

34

seventh breakthrough

35

supporting bridge

36

eighth breakthrough

37

another burner

38

plate

A1

first distance

A2

second distance

A3

third distance

B

Exhaust gas distribution space

H

height

L

length

L1

further length

O

furnace

T

transport direction

Claims (17)

1. A furnace assembly, comprising
   a furnace (1) having a base (2) and side walls (3) extending therefrom, wherein, at least at one of the two side walls (3), there is provided at least one surface burner (21) having a slot-like discharge opening (5) for hot waste gases extending along the side wall (3) at a predefined first distance (A1) above the base (2), wherein the slot-like discharge opening (5) has a length (L) in the extension direction and, perpendicularly thereto, has a height (H), wherein at least one porous plate (6) having an open pore volume is inserted into the slot-like discharge opening (5),
   a waste gas distribution device supported on the base (2), which device forms a first support surface (13) distanced from the base (2) by a second distance (A2), wherein the second distance (A2) corresponds at least to the height (H) of the slot-like discharge opening (5), such that the waste gases escaping therefrom during operation are guided into a waste gas distribution chamber (B) formed between the base (2) and the first support surface (13), and
   wherein the first support surface (13) comprises apertures (15) for conducting the waste gases away from the waste gas distribution chamber (B) into a furnace chamber (O) disposed thereabove.
2. The furnace assembly according to claim 1, wherein an opening area formed by the apertures (15) decreases toward the side walls (3).
3. The furnace assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, at both side walls (3) there is provided at least one surface burner (21) having a slot-like discharge opening (5) for hot waste gases extending along the relevant side wall (3) at a predefined first distance (A1) above the base (2).
4. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein rails (9) extending parallel to the side walls (3) are provided on the base (2), on which rails there is supported a cart (7) for receiving articles to be fired (14), which cart comprises a second support surface (10) provided at a predefined third distance (A3) from the base (2), wherein the third distance (A3) corresponds to the first distance (A1) or is smaller than the first distance (A1).
5. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the first support surface (13) is formed from at least one metal plate (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) comprising the apertures (15), which plate is supported on support means (11, 18, 20) supported on the base (2) or the second support surface (10).
6. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the support means (11, 18, 20) have a triangular, trapezoid, or rectangular profile.
7. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein further apertures (16) are provided in the support means (11, 18, 20), perpendicularly to an extension direction of the profile.
8. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the support surface (13) is formed from adjacently arranged support means (18) having a rectangular profile.
9. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the support means (11, 18, 20) are produced from metal or ceramic.
10. The furnace arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the support means (11, 18, 20) are arranged on the base (2) or the second support surface (10) such that the extension direction of the profile of said support means extends perpendicularly or obliquely to the side walls (3).
11. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein a thermally insulating layer (19) is provided on an upper side of the second support surface (10) facing toward the waste gas distribution chamber (B).
12. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein at least one further surface burner (37) having a further slot-like discharge opening (5') for hot waste gases is provided at least at one of the two side walls (3), wherein the further slot-like discharge opening (5') opens into the furnace chamber (O) above the base (2) or the first support surface (13).
13. The furnace assembly according to claim 12, wherein a plate (38) is disposed in the furnace chamber (O), opposite the further slot-like discharge opening in order to guide the hot waste gases guided into the furnace chamber (O) through the further slot-like discharge opening (37) in the direction of the base (2) or the first support surface (13).
14. The furnace assembly according to claim 12 or 13, wherein at least one further surface burner (37) having a slot-like discharge opening (5') for hot waste gases extending in the side wall (3) is provided at each of the two side walls (3),
    wherein the further slot-like discharge openings (5') open into the furnace chamber (O) above the base (2) or the first support surface (13).
15. The furnace arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein, on the ceiling (4), there is provided at least one further surface burner (37) having a further slot-like discharge opening (5') for hot waste gases extending in the ceiling (4).
16. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein a waste gas distribution plate extending in the furnace chamber (O) parallel to the ceiling (4) is arranged downstream of the further slot-like discharge opening (5') and is formed from at least one further metal plate comprising further apertures.
17. The furnace assembly according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein at least one porous plate (6) comprising an open pore volume is inserted into the further slot-like discharge opening (5').

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