DE3832358A1 - Tunnel kiln car (for the ceramic industry) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel kiln car, the insulating structure (3) of which is surrounded on the edge side by means of shaped bricks (4). Each surrounding shaped brick (4) is made in two parts in the vertical direction and consists in this case of a base brick (4a/4b) and an angle brick (4c) which can be locked thereon. The base brick (4a/4b) is mortared. The angle brick (4c) can be used in the right position or in the left position and constantly extends with one angle leg parallel to the car edge (6) and with the other at right angles thereto. The angle brick (4c) comprises a lightweight insulation (3a), preferably made of fibrous material(s). The base brick (4a/4b) lies at the height of a heavyweight storage layer/concrete slab (3b). For receiving the connecting elements (9) of the angle brick (4c), each base brick (4a/4b) is provided on the top side with a U-shaped groove (8), the U-web of which runs parallel to the brick edge/car edge. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a tunnel kiln car according to Oberbe handle of claim 1.

Such tunnel kiln cars are known several times in practice been.

The edging of the insulation has so far either been bricked up in several stone layers or composed of shaped stones reaching from the top edge of the insulation to the metal frame. The walling of the insulation edging is tedious, time consuming and expensive; In addition, the existing thermal stresses - which occur due to the large temperature gradient between the combustion chamber and the undercarriage channel - can lead to the cracking of mortar joints and the associated destruction of the surrounding wall. In the previously known molded edging there are also large thermal stresses due to the aforementioned large temperature gradient, which begin the tearing / tearing of molded part (part) s, whereby the service life of the edge insulation is significantly Lich impaired.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a tunnel kiln car to improve the firing of (rough) ceramic parts that there is a simple construction of the insulation edge trim and thermal insulation-related tearing of the edge of the insulation is largely avoided.

According to the invention, this is solved in a tunnel kiln car of the type mentioned at the outset, in that each edging molded block is designed in two parts in the height direction and a base block acting as a bearing plate as well as a bottom-side support for the edge region of an upper insulation (layer) and a plug connector tion on the base stone movably defined, the insulation edge boundary - in particular fiber layer edge boundary - forming angle stone with an angular shape in plan / horizontal section as well as bottom-side connecting elements.

A tunnel kiln car designed in this way is characterized by a simple structure and a long lifespan of its insulation-curb protruding beyond the metal frame. It is of particular advantage that even with thin-walled material - which only allows (a little) heat conduction (heat transfer) from the combustion duct to the undercarriage duct - tearing or tearing of bordering parts due to thermal stress is effectively prevented. The shape stone according to the invention takes the thermal stresses well in its parting line between the lower base stone and the upper angle stone. The occurring forces (moments) are absorbed in the connection points. It is advantageous that due to the angle stone formation for the wall part enclosing the upper insulating layer, secure support of the same is ensured both in the transverse direction of the carriage and in the longitudinal direction of the carriage. The shaped block design according to the invention also allows easy replacement of possibly damaged bezel sections by removing the corresponding corner block (s) from the base block (s) and replacing them in a simple plug-in connection from above is placed on and locked.

According to a further inventive concept, the base stone is qua basic shape and the angle stone is dependent of these with equally long angle legs, their legs length corresponds to the square side length, trained and both in Legal position as well as left position definable (lockable). Hereby is a particularly simple storage of the shaped stones as well as extremely economical kiln car production possible. For the construction of the Fibrous insulation as well as the support struts that encompass it (the number and arrangement of which depends on the stock of firewood) the corner stones can always be used in this way as required by the support grid. By Angle stone rotation around the vertical axis can all be Provide for required applications - if necessary, is only  a simple shortening of the form stone is required in order to To achieve grid dimension deviating width and / or length dimension.

Further features of the invention are set forth in the remaining subclaims remove.

The object of the invention extends not only to Characteristics of the individual claims, but also on their combination / Subcombination (s). It is also a protection for the invention contemporary edging stone, consisting of lower base stone and angular stone that can be locked on it, possible.  

In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is Darge represents and is explained in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a tunnel kiln car with a fire fixed structure, which has an at least partially supported by a truss support structure insulated tion, which is surrounded on the edge side by a molded stone edging according to the invention, which is made in two parts in the height direction according to the invention stones,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of neck thereof tunnel kiln car, whereby the furnace-stocking supporting parts construction of the stocking support of clarity, are not shown because, in particular the assignment of the skirt-shaped bricks with respect to the support posts is shown

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a Einfassung- shaped brick according to the invention, with a base in stone from above is reacted tem angular paving stone,

Fig. 4 is a vertical section through an angular stone of a two-split mold stone of the tunnel kiln car-mount,

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through a base block of a two-split mold stone of the tunnel kiln cars Binding

Fig. 6 is a plan view of serving as a "curb" base stone of a two-part skirt-shaped block,

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a serving as a "corner stone" base stone of a two-piece edging stone and

Fig. 8 is a plan view of an insertable in the right and left-hand angle stone of a two-piece edging block.

A tunnel kiln car designed according to the invention has a car chassis 1 , which carries on a base plate (base plate) 2 a whole with 3 numbered multilayer insulation structure, which is bordered in the edge area by means of inventive, two-part shaped blocks 4 and inside a supporting structure 5 for picks up the car seat (not shown) - cf. Fig. 1.

The base plate 2 consists of metal, in particular sheet steel. Profile sheet, such as trapezoidal sheet, corrugated sheet or the like, is particularly stable, advantageous and particularly preferred.

The insulation structure 3 can be designed either as a pure insulation structure or as an insulation and storage structure. In the first version, there is only an insulation used to reduce the heat between the tunnel kiln heat duct and the undercarriage duct. In the second version, the layer structure ensures that some / considerable heat storage also takes place.

In a particularly preferred manner, the insulating structure is provided with a heat-storing layer. The same is heavy and arranged as a "middle layer" between two surrounding insulating layers. Referring to FIG. 1, these three layers / plies 3 are a - 3 c bezif fert.

The uppermost insulating layer 3 a consists of a heat-resistant, light insulating material, preferably made of fiber material, and accommodates a large number of supporting supports 5 a arranged in a grid system (preferably made of ceramic tubes) of the supporting structure 5 . This insulating layer 3 a has a density of approx. 100-200 kg / m ³ . Ceramic fibers are preferred when using fiber material.

The formed as a "storage layer" middle insulating layer 3 b be consists of a storage mass with high density and large speci cal heat capacity, which absorbs the urgent heat flow during the passage of the tunnel kiln car through the tunnel kiln through the top insulating layer 3 a and the support brackets 5 a (and it warms up). This middle insulation and storage layer 3 b consists of a heavy, temperature-resistant mass with a high heat capacity, for example refractory concrete, and can have a density of approx. 1000-2400 kg / m ³ ha.

The bottom insulating layer 3 c consists of a solid Isolierma material and shields the undercarriage channel against the temperature increase of the layers 3 b and 3 a / 5 a above. This the flow of the amount of heat stored in the middle layer 3 b largely preventing the lowest insulating layer 3 c can have a density of approx. 100-200 kg / m ³ - it preferably consists of "light" concrete, so-called. "Insulated concrete".

The layer numbered 3 c also represents a "leveling layer", which also compensates for any larger unevenness in the base plate 2 and creates a flat surface for layer 3 b . This creates the basic requirement for a uniform layer thickness of the middle layer (insulation or storage layer) 3 b .

The above-described insulation structure 3 has the following effect: As the tunnel kiln car passes through the firing zone of a tunnel kiln used for firing (coarse) ceramic products, a quantity of heat flows into the storage layer 3 b through the uppermost layer 3 a (as well as the supporting supports 5 a ) which heats this ( 3 b ) by about 100 ° C. After leaving the tunnel kiln, the tunnel kiln gradually releases the heat in layers 3 a - 3 c to the environment in the middle layer 3 b . Since the top ( 3 a ) and the bottom ( 3 c ) layer have a very high insulating capacity under ambient conditions, the cooling takes place so slowly that the greater part of the heat contained in the "storage layer" 3 b is still present when the The kiln car is pushed back into the tunnel kiln - the advantageous consequence is faster heating of the fired goods and kiln car plateau in the preheater and in the tunnel kiln.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the insulating layers 3 a and 3 b are surrounded in the edge region by a border, which is composed of the stones 4 essential to the invention. These shaped stones are divided in two in terms of height and consist of a base stone 4 a (for normal edge construction) or 4 b (for edge formation in the corner area) as well as an angular stone 4 c movably fixed in plug connection on base stone 4 a / 4 b with im Horizontal section / plan together of an angular shape. By using the angle block 4 c in the right or left position, which only requires turning an angle block by 90 ° around the vertical axis, the space required for the support supports 5 a of the supporting structure 5 is created. The underlying Ba sisstein 4 a , 4 b is the middle insulating layer 3 b , preferably as such in training as a "storage layer", and the top corner stone 4 c is assigned to the top insulating layer 3 a , preferably one made of fiber material . The shaped stone separating line or support of each angle stone 4 c on a base stone 4 a / 4 c runs approximately at the level of separation between the middle insulating layer 3 b and the top insulating layer 3 a (which, in the preferred fiber layer version, is made in one or more layers can be).

Of course, each base stone 4 a , 4 b of a two-part shaped stone 4 of the insulating layer edge border could at least partially extend in height over the height range of the lowest layer (insulating layer / compensating layer) 3 c of the insulating structure 3 . However, the type shown is particularly preferred, according to which the plate thickness / stone height of each base stone 4 a , 4 b approximately corresponds to the layer thickness of the middle layer 3 b of the insulation structure and each base stone is supported on the middle layer 3 b of the insulation structure. If, however, according to a modified, not Darge presented embodiment, the bottom layer 3 c shown in FIG. 1 and described above, as a compensating and / or insulating layer, is then omitted, then each base stone 4 a , 4 b extends to the ground level up to the circulation level heavy and stable concrete layer (item 3 b ) down - for example down to the base plate 2 of the kiln car plateau.

In any case, the edging stones 4 as a whole are fixed in position with their base stone 4 a / 4 b in a particular metal carriage (chas sis) edging 6 (see FIG. 1). For this purpose, the floor area / base serving as foot 7 is in plan compared to the stone top view either on one side (see FIG. 6, for a "curb") or on two neighboring sides at an angle to one another (see FIG. 7, for a "corner stone") ") offset / reduced so that there is a lower shoulder and an upper, projecting plate part (see. Fig. 3). The overlapped by the Wa gene (chassis) edging 6, ge by a "recess" formed stone edge is in normal curb-stone base 4 a 7 a and when Eckstein base block 4 b b quantified by 7.

Each base stone 4 a , 4 b has a square plan and is essentially, that is, except for the underside edge offset for fixing in the car chassis 1 and an upper-side connection element receptacle 8 for the angle stone arrangement forms plate-like. A design with the basic dimensions of approximately 250 × 250 mm for the basic surface / top view and of approximately 100 mm for the height / thickness is particularly advantageous and preferred.

The thin-walled, energy-saving angular stone 4 c can be placed on the base stones 4 a , 4 b in the right and left positions - one leg parallel to the edge of the car and one leg perpendicular to it (see Fig. 1). In horizontal section it is ausgebil det as an L-shaped angle with 90 ° inclusion between equal-length angle legs. The wall thickness of its angle leg is much smaller than the plate thickness of each base stone 4 a , 4 b ; it is preferably only approximately half as large and can be, for example, approximately 50 mm. The leg lengths of the right-angled, with both angle legs on the obe ren stone surface of a base stone 4 a / 4 b (see Fig. 3) angle stone 4 c correspond to the base stone side lengths. The effective same height of each corner stone 4 c corresponds to the thickness of the upper light insulating layer (s) 3 a , in particular fiber material layer, and can be approximately 200 mm.

The dimensions are only intended to provide a better understanding of the molded blocks 4 used in the bordering of the insulation means, can be adapted to changed requirements and do not represent any limitation.

If the base of the tunnel kiln car for the wagon edge training and / or the support column grid require it, in addition to the right or left-hand choice of the angle blocks 4 c, a few shaped blocks 4 , including a curb base stone 4 a and a win kelstein 4 c existing, simply shortened to the required length and (numbered as a special format block with 4 ' or 4'' ) used in the required / correct position (see Fig. 1).

The two individual parts, namely base stone 4 a / 4 b and angle stone 4 c , each shaped stone 4 , 4 ', 4 ''are in a fitting of the win stone 4 c in the right position and in the left position enabling plug connection slightly movable, but overall designed to be secure against displacement and assembled. The movable connection of the shaped stone sections 4 a / 4 b and 4 c prevents thermal stress. The corresponding connecting elements (on the one hand grooves, pegs receiving holes and on the other hand springs, pegs) extend on the base stone 4 a , 4 b on the top of the stone and on the angle stone 4 c on the bottom of the stone (cf. FIGS. 4 and 5). At the base stone they lie on a U, the U-web of which runs parallel to the stepped edge 7 a of the "curb" 4 a or parallel to one of the two offset stone edges 7 b of the "corner stone" 4 b and at the angle stone 4 c they are at right angles.

A particularly simple, durable and advantageous embodiment is the tongue and groove connection (see FIGS. 3 and 4-8). Each base stone 4 a , 4 b on the top with a U-shaped groove in plan view, with parallel to each other and at right angles to the U-web ver U-legs, as a connecting element receptacle 8 and the angle stone 4 c underside with a provided in the longitudinal direction at right angles abge spring (according to drawing or, which is not shown, with at least two springs each running on an angle leg of a right, isosceles angle) as a connecting element (s) 9 .

According to FIG. 3, this tongue and groove connection can be interconnected with little play / gap 10 ; in particular, there is room for maneuver at the bottom of the groove and at the ends of the groove.

The adjustable spring surfaces run for easier assembly (at least on the cross-sectional sides, possibly also on both ends) tapering downwards (conical).

As shown in Fig. 3, 4 and can be seen 8, the spring extends in the vertical section 9 on the side facing the insulating side of the leg cross section of the angular paving stone 4 c, so that this side of the spring cross-section a free edge directed towards the support shoulder / support surface 11 a . In addition, the spring 9 ends in its longitudinal direction at a greater distance from the end of the angled leg, which results in a large / wide support shoulder / support surface that extends over the entire width of the angled leg (angular wall thickness / thickness) and is numbered 11 b . In the angled leg thickness, the spring connecting element 9 takes about half of this dimension and in the angular leg length it ends (item 9 ) to such an extent before the free end of the leg that corresponds approximately to the leg thickness (leg thickness) or even larger (see Fig. 3).

Each shaped block 4 is made of refractory material, in particular chamotte.

In the manufacture of tunnel kiln cars, the base stones 4 a , 4 b are mortared or glued, ie they have a firm connection with each other and with the subsurface - possibly also with the insulating layer (concrete layer) that surrounds them. An advantage of the construction of a tunnel kiln car according to the invention also proves that, because of the two divided molded blocks 4 for the insulating material surround, the base stones, which serve as the foundation for the angle blocks 4 c - which should remain unmixed in order to be able to fully absorb heat-related expansion stresses - serve simultaneously can be used as an alignment aid for the layer structure, for example, even as a peeling edge for the supporting structure 5 for the firing trimming bearing concrete layer / storage layer 3 b (the U-grooves 8, if necessary, by masking or the like before contamination can be protected).

In a modification of the illustrated embodiment of the attachable to a base stone 4 a, 4 b patch / angle block 4 can be c at the outer edge designed profiled, for example with a profiling for a radia tion barrier may be provided between the tunnel furnace wall and tunnel kiln. A groove can be provided particularly easily.

Furthermore, it is possible to make a continuous foundation beam for receiving the above-described angle blocks 4 c instead of individual base stones in the car manufacture for each car edge. This fun dambalken is arranged in the metal frame of the vehicle chassis 1 and on the top has the otherwise in the individual base stones 4 a , 4 b vorhan recordings, such as U-grooves 8 , for the underside of the angle stones 4 c existing connecting elements 9 , for example on an L -Angled springs, on. Even with such execution, each angle block 4 c can be arranged in the right and left position - depending on requirements - and thermal stress cracks on the winch stone are largely excluded.

Claims (10)

1. tunnel kiln car with a chassis on which a refractory structure is arranged, which has an insulation, in particular made of fiber material, which is supported by supporting supports of a carrying device receiving the kiln car and is surrounded on the edge side by a cross section (vertical section) of an angular border , which is composed of a large number of molded blocks lined up, characterized in that each edging molded block ( 4 ; 4 ', 4 '') is made in two parts in the vertical direction and one as La gerplatte and bottom-side support for the edge region of an upper insulation ( 3rd a ) acting / serving base stone ( 4 a , 4 b ) and a plug-in connection on the base stone ( 4 a , 4 b ) be movably defined, the insulation boundary forming Win kelstein ( 4 c ) with a horizontal section / plan of an angular shape and bottom Has connecting elements ( 9 ). 2. Tunnel kiln car according to claim 1, characterized in that the base block (4 a / b 4) and the angular paving stone (4 c) of an insulating Infas sung-shaped block are mated (4) by means of tongue and groove (8, 9) ineinan derfassend . 3. tunnel kiln car according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is a movement gap ( 10 ) between the connecting elements of the two molded stone parts ( 4 a / 4 b , 4 c ). 4. tunnel kiln car according to claim 1, characterized in that the base stone ( 4 a , 4 b ) has a square base / top view and the angle stone ( 4 c ) is formed in the base / top view as a rectangular body with equally long angle legs, the square side length and the length of the angle leg are the same size. 5. tunnel kiln car in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle stone ( 4 c ) on a base stone ( 4 a / 4 b ) is provided in the right and left position and in any order with an angle leg parallel to the edge of the car and with the other angle leg perpendicular to the wagon wheel. 6. tunnel kiln car according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that each base stone ( 4 a , 4 b ) on its upper side has a U-shaped groove ( 8 ) as a connector receptacle, the U-web runs parallel to the edge of the car, and that the angle stone ( 4 c ) on its underside in association with the base stone groove ( 8 ) on a congruent with the U-web and a U-leg lying angle with strip-like / spring-like connecting elements ( 9 ) is provided. 7. tunnel kiln car according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the angle stone ( 4 c ) is made substantially thinner than that of the base stone ( 4 a , 4 b ). 8. tunnel kiln car according to claim 1, characterized in that the base stones ( 4 a , 4 b ) are firmly connected to one another, in particular mortar, are. 9. tunnel kiln car according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the base stones ( 4 a , 4 b ) within the car insulating structure ( 3 ) at the level of one of the support supports ( 5 a ) of the furnace lining support device ( 5 ) and an upper, refractory insulating layer ( 3 a ), in particular made of fibers, supporting concrete layer / storage layer ( 3 b ) is arranged. 10. tunnel kiln car according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the two-part edging-stones ( 4 ) made of refractory material, preferably chamotte, be.