EP0042602B1 - Arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace - Google Patents

Arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0042602B1
EP0042602B1 EP81104731A EP81104731A EP0042602B1 EP 0042602 B1 EP0042602 B1 EP 0042602B1 EP 81104731 A EP81104731 A EP 81104731A EP 81104731 A EP81104731 A EP 81104731A EP 0042602 B1 EP0042602 B1 EP 0042602B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
heating elements
elements
supporting
arrangement
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EP81104731A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0042602A1 (en
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Gerardus H.T.M. Verhoeven
Wilhelmus Van Haaren
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FAG Feuerungsbau AG
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FAG Feuerungsbau AG
Smit Ovens Nijmegen BV
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Application filed by FAG Feuerungsbau AG, Smit Ovens Nijmegen BV filed Critical FAG Feuerungsbau AG
Priority to AT81104731T priority Critical patent/ATE16069T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/66—Supports or mountings for heaters on or in the wall or roof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace, with a fixed base and an externally arranged supporting frame, and with an oven space, on the vertical inner walls of which rod-shaped heating elements lie horizontally parallel one above the other, the ends of the heating elements being supported on supporting devices which are provided with trough-like depressions and consist of refractory material.
  • a heating resistor carrier (DE-C 509 287) is also known, in which bead-like support blocks are lined up on a rod. Grooved joints run transversely to the direction of the suspension bar between the individual support blocks. The disadvantage here is that it is very difficult to remove individual defective parts in such a layered arrangement.
  • the supporting devices form free standing columns which have depressions in which the heating elements rest at a distance from one another.
  • the individual elements do not require a load-bearing connection to the wall. It is essential that the columns composed of support elements rest on the base of the furnace without a load-bearing connection to the wall.
  • the side walls of the furnace can thus consist of non-load-bearing insulating material, for example pressed fiber material and the like, which is much cheaper to install than refractory stone material, as has been used in particular in the furnace according to DE-A 372 789.
  • stiffening elements such as bolts or rods are suitable for solidifying the stack.
  • the individual elements are therefore preferably provided with bores and / or grooves which are aligned in the stack.
  • Such grooves preferably provided on the side facing away from the interior of the furnace, also serve as cable ducts for the supply of the power lines.
  • the support elements consist of a refractory material based on chamotte with admixtures of aluminum and zirconium oxides. Such a material is commercially available, for example, under the trademark “LUCARIET” from the Nederlandse Keramische Bedrijven company.
  • the support element should preferably be shaped so that it can be made from deformable ceramic material in the pressing process and later fired. Aligned holes and / or grooves can also be embedded later in the stack. Stiffening elements, such as rods and the like, can then be pushed into these depressions or electrical lines can be embedded.
  • a furnace according to the invention is shown in section. It is a stationary single-chamber heat treatment furnace for discontinuous operation.
  • the exterior of the furnace is roughly cuboid in shape; Inlet doors are not shown.
  • one of the walls can be moved separately from the others, so that the entire height of the furnace can be used as the inlet height.
  • the closed heating part 1 of the furnace rests on a base 2.
  • the external strength of the furnace is essentially conveyed by a frame 3, which ends in a base frame 4 in the region of the base 2.
  • the struts of the base frame are connected to one another by a base plate 5, on which a fixed first insulating layer 6 and fixed second and third insulating layers 7, 8 are first placed.
  • the insulation layers consist of various refractory insulating stones.
  • the columns 10, 10 ', 11, 11' which consist of individual elements 12, which are layered into a stack.
  • the columns 10, 10 ' have a distance which is determined by the length of the heating elements 14, 15.
  • the latter are made as round hollow rods made of highly refractory material and wrapped with loosely wound heating wire spirals.
  • the ends of the heating elements 14, 15 are supported in the individual elements 12, the latter thus forming support devices. For this purpose, they are provided with trough-shaped depressions 16 and 16 '(see FIG. 4).
  • An essential property of the individual elements or supporting devices 12 is that they are all designed identically to one another, can be produced as a body from ceramic mass in the pressing process and can be used in a stack 10, 10 'on the left and on the right without change. According to FIG. 1, for example, ten individual elements 12 can be stacked one above the other without further ado. In the case shown, an interruption is then installed in order to guide a strut 18 to the outside, with the aid of a screw connection and latching preventing the column, which is stacked higher, from collapsing.
  • the wall insulation of the furnace is made of fiber insulation material, ie of a non-load-bearing material; in the present case it is cut, ceramic fibers, in which the sections of the fibers point in the direction of the heating source or are matted together.
  • the fibers consist of a mixture of aluminum and silicon oxides. For higher thermal loads, they can also be made from zirconium oxide or from A1 2 0 3 or Zr0 2 mixtures. This means that temperatures of up to 1,400 ° C can be managed.
  • the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the insulating part is guaranteed by the scaffold and binder construction on which the insulating material is held. This is preferably done by bolts which are guided through the frame and are provided with pressure disks. It is essential that the columns of the support elements rest only on the floor and that their weight does not have to be held by the wall of the furnace.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a heating element or a support device, as used in the furnace according to the invention.
  • the single element 12 is made in one piece from a refractory material which is pressed as a single piece. The individual parts are then burned.
  • Conductor guide grooves 22, 22 ' are embedded in the wall of the L-shaped individual element on the side facing away from the heating elements. It is thus possible to bring power supplies to the heating elements at any point along the height of the element stack, so that the furnace has, for example, different heating zones in height.
  • a through hole 26 is provided, in which, for example, a temperature-resistant rod 25 can be used, which holds the stack as a single element.
  • grooves 22, 22 'shown grooves or bores lying transversely to the base surface can also be provided in order to ensure the wire feed.
  • Other manufacturing processes for the individual pieces are also possible, e.g. B. extrusion with post-processing.
  • the individual element has a trough-shaped depression 16 which is part of an approximately oval depression 27 which is connected to an insert channel 28 leading to the outside.
  • the insert channel 28 has a width so that the ends of the heating elements 14 can be inserted straight in and then inserted in the trough-shaped recess 16.
  • the depression 27 is designed with two recesses 16, 16 ', so that the individual element 12 can also be turned upside down (right-left interchange).
  • a retort furnace with a wall can also be provided with such heating element support devices. It is essential that the heating elements open up the possibility of accommodating numerous heating elements, regardless of the load-bearing capacity of the furnace walls, which enable uniform heating of the furnace interior.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

1. Arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace, comprising a solid bottom (5, 6, 7, 8) and an exteriorly arranged supporting frame (3), as well as a furnace compartment the vertical inner walls of which have horizontally disposed thereon rod-shaped heating elements (14, 15) one above the other in parallel with each other, with the ends of the heating elements resting on support devices provided with through-shaped recesses (16, 16') and formed of a refractory material, characterized in that, when using non-supporting fibrous insulation material as the wall insulation, the support devices are formed as stackable separate elements (12) of an L- or T-shaped configuration, which are assembled into upright columns (10, 10', 11, 11'), said columns resting on the bottom (5, 6, 7, 8) of the furnace without any supporting connection or joint to a wall (23, 24) with the separate elements (12) being stacked to form a supporting column with the aid of a reinforcing element (25).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung der Heizelemente in einem elektrisch beheizten Ofen, mit einem festen Boden und einem außen angeordneten Traggerüst, sowie mit einem Ofenraum, an dessen senkrechten Innenwänden stabförmige Heizelemente horizontal parallel übereinander liegen, wobei sich die Enden der Heizelemente auf Tragvorrichtungen abstützen, die mit muldenartigen Vertiefungen versehen sind und aus feuerfestem Material bestehen.The invention relates to an arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace, with a fixed base and an externally arranged supporting frame, and with an oven space, on the vertical inner walls of which rod-shaped heating elements lie horizontally parallel one above the other, the ends of the heating elements being supported on supporting devices which are provided with trough-like depressions and consist of refractory material.

Eine Anordnung der Heizelemente vorstehend bezeichneter Art in einem elektrisch beheizten Ofen ist aus der DE-A 2 754 034 bekannt. Wegen der geringen Bauhöhe der Retorten-Heizkammer liegen bei diesem Ofen an den Seitenwänden jeweils nur zwei Heizelemente parallel übereinander. Die Hauptheizleistung wird am Boden und an der Decke aufgebracht. Die seitlich angeordneten Heizleiter liegen in E-förmigen Tragsteinen. Derartige Tragsteine können aber wegen der Wärmeausdehnung und wegen hoher Produktionskosten nicht mit beliebig vielen Mulden versehen sein.An arrangement of the heating elements of the type described above in an electrically heated furnace is known from DE-A 2 754 034. Because of the low overall height of the retort heating chamber, only two heating elements are located in parallel on the side walls of this oven. The main heating output is applied to the floor and ceiling. The laterally arranged heating conductors are located in E-shaped supporting stones. Such support stones can not be provided with any number of troughs because of the thermal expansion and high production costs.

Zum Stand der Technik ist auch die DE-C 372 789 zu nennen, die eine Anordnung mit auswechselbaren, stabförmigen Heizelementen beschreibt, wobei Heizplattenelemente, in deren Nuten Widerstandsleiter liegen, auf Köpfen von Doppel-T-förmigen Schienenstücken ruhen, die mit ihren Füßen frei verschiebbar in den die Ofenwandungen durchlaufenden Nuten lagern. Die letztgenannte Anordnung hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Lagerung der Schienenstücke nur in sehr festem Material erfolgen kann. Die dazu geeigneten Werkstoffe, beispielsweise Schamotte, sind jedoch relativ kostspielig. und erfordern hohe Stundenleistungen bei Einbau (Mauerung) und Abbau bei Verschleißerscheinungen.The prior art should also be mentioned in DE-C 372 789, which describes an arrangement with interchangeable, rod-shaped heating elements, heating plate elements, in the grooves of which there are resistance conductors, resting on heads of double-T-shaped rail pieces which are free with their feet slidably in the grooves running through the furnace walls. However, the latter arrangement has the disadvantage that the rail pieces can only be stored in very solid material. The suitable materials, such as chamotte, are relatively expensive. and require high hourly output for installation (masonry) and dismantling if there are signs of wear.

Weiterhin ist aus der US-A 1 472138 eine dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 entsprechende Heizelement-Anordnung bekannt, bei der eine Vielzahl von Ziegeln oder Blöcken für die Aufnahme von Heizelementen übereinander in Rücksprüngen der inneren Ausmauerung befestigt ist. Diese Ziegel oder Blöcke sind nur in Verbindung mit der genannten inneren Ausmauerung verwendbar, nicht jedoch vertikal stapelbar als selbsttragende Elemente. Dies bedeutet, daß ein nicht-tragendes, wenig festes Isoliermaterial in diesem Ofentyp nicht verwendbar ist.Furthermore, from US-A 1 472138 a heating element arrangement corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 is known, in which a large number of bricks or blocks for receiving heating elements are fastened one above the other in recesses of the inner lining. These bricks or blocks can only be used in connection with the inner lining mentioned, but not vertically stackable as self-supporting elements. This means that a non-load-bearing, low-strength insulation material cannot be used in this type of furnace.

Bekannt ist außerdem ein Heizwiderstandsträger (DE-C 509 287), bei dem perlenartig Tragklötze auf einem Stab aufgereiht sind. Genutete Fugen verlaufen zwischen den einzelnen Tragklötzen quer zur Richtung des Aufhängestabes. Nachteilig ist hierbei, daß es in der derartig geschichteten Anordnung nur sehr umständlich möglich ist, einzelne defekte Teile herauszunehmen.A heating resistor carrier (DE-C 509 287) is also known, in which bead-like support blocks are lined up on a rod. Grooved joints run transversely to the direction of the suspension bar between the individual support blocks. The disadvantage here is that it is very difficult to remove individual defective parts in such a layered arrangement.

Schließlich wird auf die US-A 3 705 253 als bekannte Konstruktion verwiesen. Keramische Teile sind bei dieser übereinander angeordnet und jeweils einzeln über Bolzen mit der Ofenhülle (« shell ») verbunden. Diese Anordnung der Heizelemente erfordert einen hohen Montageaufwand. Weiterhin ist anzunehmen, daß über die Verbindung zur Ofenhülle Wärmebrucken geschaffen werden, über die erhebliche Wärmeverluste eintreten.Finally, reference is made to US-A 3,705,253 as a known construction. Ceramic parts are arranged one above the other and individually connected to the furnace shell by means of bolts. This arrangement of the heating elements requires a lot of assembly work. Furthermore, it can be assumed that thermal bridges are created via the connection to the furnace shell, through which considerable heat losses occur.

Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, eine Anordnung von Heizelementen zu schaffen, bei der die Tragelemente für die Heizstäbe selbsttragend und stapelbar sind ohne feste Verbindung mit der Ofenwand und bei der das in der Ofenwand liegende Isolationsmaterial aus nicht-tragendem, relativ wenig festem Material bestehen kann. Trotzdem soll die Anordnung die Möglichkeit bieten, daß die Seitenwände des Ofens eine gleichmäßige Beheizung aufweisen. Daneben soll eine einfache Konstruktion es ermöglichen, bei Aufbau und Reparatur die Heizelemente in einfacher Weise auswechselbar zu machen.It is therefore the task of creating an arrangement of heating elements in which the support elements for the heating rods are self-supporting and stackable without a fixed connection to the furnace wall and in which the insulation material lying in the furnace wall consists of non-load-bearing, relatively little solid material can. Nevertheless, the arrangement should offer the possibility that the side walls of the furnace have uniform heating. In addition, a simple construction should make it possible to make the heating elements easily replaceable during assembly and repair.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst bei einer Anordnung von Heizelementen in einem elektrisch beheizten Ofen der eingangs genannten Art, bei der bei Verwendung von nichttragendem Faser-Isoliermaterial als Wandisolation die Tragvorrichtungen als stapelbare Einzelelemente mit L- oder T-förmiger Gestalt ausgebildet sind, die zu stehenden Säulen zusammengestellt sind, die auf dem Boden des Ofens ohne tragende Verbindung mit einer Wand ruhen, wobei die Einzelelemente unter Zuhilfenahme eines Versteifungselementes zu einer tragenden Säule gestapelt sind.This object is achieved with an arrangement of heating elements in an electrically heated oven of the type mentioned, in which when using non-load-bearing fiber insulation material as wall insulation, the support devices are designed as stackable individual elements with an L-shaped or T-shaped design, the standing columns are assembled, which rest on the floor of the furnace without a load-bearing connection to a wall, the individual elements being stacked to form a load-bearing column with the aid of a stiffening element.

Im Gegensatz zum eingangs zitierten Stand der Technik bilden die Tragvorrichtungen freie stehende Säulen, die Mulden aufweisen, in denen die Heizelemente in Abstand voneinander ruhen. Die Einzelemente benötigen keine tragende Verbindung mit der Wand. Wesentlich ist, daß die aus Tragelementen sich zusammensetzenden Säulen auf der Basis des Ofens ohne tragende Verbindung mit der Wand ruhen. Damit können die Seitenwände des Ofens aus nicht-tragendem Isoliermaterial bestehen, beispielsweise gepreßtem Fasermaterial und dergleichen, welches wesentlich preisgüngstiger einzubauen ist, als feuerfestes Steinmaterial, wie es insbesondere bei dem Ofen gemäß DE-A 372 789 verwendet worden ist.In contrast to the prior art cited at the beginning, the supporting devices form free standing columns which have depressions in which the heating elements rest at a distance from one another. The individual elements do not require a load-bearing connection to the wall. It is essential that the columns composed of support elements rest on the base of the furnace without a load-bearing connection to the wall. The side walls of the furnace can thus consist of non-load-bearing insulating material, for example pressed fiber material and the like, which is much cheaper to install than refractory stone material, as has been used in particular in the furnace according to DE-A 372 789.

Um den Stapel zu verfestigen, sind, wie bereits angedeutet, Versteifungselemente wie Bolzen oder Stäbe, geeignet. Vorzugsweise sind daher die Einzelelemente mit Bohrungen und/oder Nuten versehen, die im Stapel fluchten. Derartige Nuten, vorzugsweise an der dem Ofeninneren abgewandten Seite angebracht, dienen auch als Kabelschächte für die Zuführungen der Stromleitungen.As already indicated, stiffening elements such as bolts or rods are suitable for solidifying the stack. The individual elements are therefore preferably provided with bores and / or grooves which are aligned in the stack. Such grooves, preferably provided on the side facing away from the interior of the furnace, also serve as cable ducts for the supply of the power lines.

Bei größeren Stapelhöhen ist es erforderlich, das Zusammenfallen der Säulen dadurch zu verhindern, daß nichttragende Verbindungsstreben zu dem außenliegenden Ofengerüst eingebaut werden.With larger stack heights, it is necessary to prevent the columns from collapsing by installing non-load-bearing connecting struts to the external furnace frame.

Als Halteelemente eignen sich insbesondere diejenigen, die auch bereits in der eingangs genannten DE-A 2 754 034 beschrieben worden sind, nämlich röhrenförmige Elemente, auf die in Spiralform ein Widerstandsdraht locker gewickelt ist. Die Trageelemente bestehen aus einem Hochfeuerfest-Material auf Schamotte-Basis mit Beimischungen von Alumunium- und Zirkon-Oxiden. Ein solches Material ist beispielsweise unter dem Warenzeichen « LUCARIET » der Firma Nederlandse Keramische Bedrijven im Handel.Are particularly suitable as holding elements those which have already been described in the aforementioned DE-A 2 754 034, namely tubular elements on which a resistance wire is loosely wound in a spiral form. The support elements consist of a refractory material based on chamotte with admixtures of aluminum and zirconium oxides. Such a material is commercially available, for example, under the trademark “LUCARIET” from the Nederlandse Keramische Bedrijven company.

Das Trageelement soll vorzugsweise so geformt sein, daß es im Preßverfahren aus verformbarer Keramikmasse hergestellt und später gebrannt werden kann. Hierbei können auch später im Stapel fluchtende Bohrungen und/oder Nuten eingelassen sein. In diese Vertiefungen können dann Versteifungselemente, wie Stangen und dergleichen, hineingeschoben oder elektrische Leitungen eingelassen sein.The support element should preferably be shaped so that it can be made from deformable ceramic material in the pressing process and later fired. Aligned holes and / or grooves can also be embedded later in the stack. Stiffening elements, such as rods and the like, can then be pushed into these depressions or electrical lines can be embedded.

Weitere Eigenschaften der Anordnung von Heizelementen gemäß Erfindung werden Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind, die Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen :

  • Figur 1 einen mit Heizelementen bestückten Glühofen;
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt durch den Ofen gemäß Figur 1 entlang der Linie A... A ;
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt längs einer horizontalen Ebene durch den Ofen gemäß Figur 1 ;
  • Figur 4 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Trageelement zur Halterung der Heizelemente.
Further characteristics of the arrangement of heating elements according to the invention are explained in the exemplary embodiments which are shown in the drawing and which show the figures in the drawing:
  • 1 shows an annealing furnace equipped with heating elements;
  • Figure 2 shows a section through the furnace of Figure 1 along the line A ... A;
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along a horizontal plane through the furnace according to FIG. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a support element for holding the heating elements.

In Figur 1 ist ein Ofen gemäß Erfindung im Schnitt dargestellt. Es handelt sich um einen stationären Einkammer-Wärmebehandlungsofen für den diskontinuierlichen Betrieb. Der Ofen hat äußerlich eine etwa quaderförmige Gestalt ; Einlaßtüren sind nicht dargestellt. Hierzu kann beispielsweise eine der Wandungen getrennt von den übrigen verfahrbar sein, so daß die gesamte Höhe des Ofens als Einlaßhöhe genutzt werden kann.In Figure 1, a furnace according to the invention is shown in section. It is a stationary single-chamber heat treatment furnace for discontinuous operation. The exterior of the furnace is roughly cuboid in shape; Inlet doors are not shown. For this purpose, for example, one of the walls can be moved separately from the others, so that the entire height of the furnace can be used as the inlet height.

Der geschlossene Heizteil 1 des Ofens ruht auf einer Basis 2. Die äußere Festigkeit des Ofens wird im wesentlichen vermittelt durch ein Gerüst 3, welches im Bereich der Basis 2 in einem Fußgestell 4 endet. Die Streben des Fußgestells sind durch eine Bodenplatte 5 miteinander verbunden, auf die zunächst eine feste erste Isolierschicht 6 sowie feste zweite und dritte Isolierschichten 7, 8 aufgelegt sind. Die Isolierschichten bestehen aus verschiedenen feuerfesten Isoliersteinen.The closed heating part 1 of the furnace rests on a base 2. The external strength of the furnace is essentially conveyed by a frame 3, which ends in a base frame 4 in the region of the base 2. The struts of the base frame are connected to one another by a base plate 5, on which a fixed first insulating layer 6 and fixed second and third insulating layers 7, 8 are first placed. The insulation layers consist of various refractory insulating stones.

Auf dem durch die Isolierschichten 6-8 gebildeten Boden sind in Abstand stehende Säulen 10, 10', 11, 11' gestellt, die aus Einzelelementen 12 bestehen, die zu einem Stapel geschichtet sind. Wie insbesondere aus den Figuren 2 und 3 zu erkennen ist, haben die Säulen 10, 10' einen Abstand, der durch die Länge der Heizelemente 14, 15 bestimmt ist. Letztere sind als runde Hohlstäbe aus hochfeuerfestem Material gefertigt und mit lose gewickelten Heizdrahtspiralen umwickelt. Die Enden der Heizelemente 14, 15 stützen sich in den Einzelelementen 12 ab, wobei letztere also Tragevorrichtungen bilden. Hierzu sind sie mit muldenförmigen Vertiefungen 16 bzw. 16' versehen (vgl. Figur 4).On the floor formed by the insulating layers 6-8 are spaced columns 10, 10 ', 11, 11', which consist of individual elements 12, which are layered into a stack. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3, the columns 10, 10 'have a distance which is determined by the length of the heating elements 14, 15. The latter are made as round hollow rods made of highly refractory material and wrapped with loosely wound heating wire spirals. The ends of the heating elements 14, 15 are supported in the individual elements 12, the latter thus forming support devices. For this purpose, they are provided with trough-shaped depressions 16 and 16 '(see FIG. 4).

Wesentliche Eigenschaft der Einzelelemente bzw. Tragvorrichtungen 12 ist, daß diese untereinander alle gleich gestaltet sind, als Körper aus keramischer Masse im Preßverfahren herstellbar sind und sowohl in einem links- als auch rechtsliegenden Stapel 10, 10' ohne Änderung verwendet werden können. Gemäß Figur 1 können beispielsweise ohne weiteres zehn Einzelelemente 12 übereinander gestapelt werden. Im dargestellten Fall ist dann eine Unterbrechung eingebaut, um eine Strebe 18 nach außen zu führen, wobei mit Hilfe einer Verschraubung und Einrastung die weiter höher gestapelte Säule vor einem Zusammenfallen bewahrt wird. Die WandIsolation des Ofens wird aus Faserisoliermaterial gebildet, d. h. aus einem nichttragendem Material ; im vorliegenden Falle handelt es sich um geschnittene, keramische Fasern, bei denen die Fasern mit ihren Abschnitten in Richtung der Heizquelle zeigen oder untereinander verfilzt sind. Die Fasern bestehen aus einem Gemisch von Aluminium- und Siliziumoxiden. Für höhere Wärmebeanspruchung können sie auch aus Zirkonoxid oder aus A1203 oder Zr02-Gemischen hergestellt sein. Damit können Temperaturen bis 1 400 °C bewältigt werden. Die Steifigkeit und die Tragfähigkeit des Isolierteiles wird durch die Gerüst- und Binderkonstruktion gewährleistet, an der das Isoliermaterial gehalten ist. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise durch durch das Gerüst hindurchgeführte Bolzen, die mit Andrückscheiben versehen sind. Wesentlich ist, daß die Säulen der Trageelemente lediglich auf dem Boden ruhen und daß ihr Gewicht nicht von der Wandung des Ofens gehalten werden muß.An essential property of the individual elements or supporting devices 12 is that they are all designed identically to one another, can be produced as a body from ceramic mass in the pressing process and can be used in a stack 10, 10 'on the left and on the right without change. According to FIG. 1, for example, ten individual elements 12 can be stacked one above the other without further ado. In the case shown, an interruption is then installed in order to guide a strut 18 to the outside, with the aid of a screw connection and latching preventing the column, which is stacked higher, from collapsing. The wall insulation of the furnace is made of fiber insulation material, ie of a non-load-bearing material; in the present case it is cut, ceramic fibers, in which the sections of the fibers point in the direction of the heating source or are matted together. The fibers consist of a mixture of aluminum and silicon oxides. For higher thermal loads, they can also be made from zirconium oxide or from A1 2 0 3 or Zr0 2 mixtures. This means that temperatures of up to 1,400 ° C can be managed. The rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the insulating part is guaranteed by the scaffold and binder construction on which the insulating material is held. This is preferably done by bolts which are guided through the frame and are provided with pressure disks. It is essential that the columns of the support elements rest only on the floor and that their weight does not have to be held by the wall of the furnace.

Figur 4 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Heizelement bzw. eine Tragvorrichtung, wie sie bei dem Ofen gemäß Erfindung Verwendung findet. Das Einzelelement 12 besteht einstückig aus einem feuerfestem Material, das als Einzelstück gepreßt ist. Die einzelnen Teile werden anschließend gebrannt. In die Wandung des L-förmigen Einzelelementes sind dabei auf dem den Heizelementen abgewandten Seiten Leiter-Führungsnuten 22, 22' eingelassen. Es ist damit möglich, entlang der Höhe des Elementstapels and jeder beliebigen Stelle Stromzuführungen zu den Heizelementen zu bringen, so daß der Ofen beispielsweise in der Höhe verschiedene Heizzonen besitzt. Im Knickbereich der beiden Schenkel 23, 24 des Einzelelementes ist eine durchgehende Bohrung 26 vorgesehen, in der beispielsweise ein temperaturfester Stab 25 eingesetzt werden kann, der den Stapel als Einzelelement hält. Selbstverständlich ist möglich, statt einer Bohrung 26 auch mehrere vorzusehen. Gleiches gilt für die dargestellten Nuten 22, 22'. Ferner können auch quer zur Grundfläche liegende Nuten oder Bohrungen vorgesehen sein, um die Drahtzuführung zu gewärleisten. Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß es güngstiger ist, beim Zusammenbau an bestimmten Stellen mit einem Steinbohrer nachträglich Bohrungen wie gewünscht anzubringen. Auch sind andere Herstellungsverfahren für die Einzelstücke möglich, z. B. Strangpreßverfahren mit Nachbearbeitung.Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a heating element or a support device, as used in the furnace according to the invention. The single element 12 is made in one piece from a refractory material which is pressed as a single piece. The individual parts are then burned. Conductor guide grooves 22, 22 'are embedded in the wall of the L-shaped individual element on the side facing away from the heating elements. It is thus possible to bring power supplies to the heating elements at any point along the height of the element stack, so that the furnace has, for example, different heating zones in height. In the kink area of the two legs 23, 24 of the individual element, a through hole 26 is provided, in which, for example, a temperature-resistant rod 25 can be used, which holds the stack as a single element. Of course it is possible to provide several instead of one bore 26. The same applies to the grooves 22, 22 'shown. Furthermore, grooves or bores lying transversely to the base surface can also be provided in order to ensure the wire feed. However, it has been found to be more economical to assemble at certain points with a masonry drill drill holes as required. Other manufacturing processes for the individual pieces are also possible, e.g. B. extrusion with post-processing.

Das Einzelelement weist, wie bereits kurz erwähnt, eine muldenförmige Vertiefung 16 auf, die Teil einer etwa ovalen Senke 27 ist, die mit einem nach außen führenden Einsatzkanal 28 verbunden ist. Der Einsatzkanal 28 hat eine Weite, so daß die Heizelemente 14 mit ihren Enden gerade eingeschoben werden können und dann in der muldenförmigen Vertiefung 16 einzulegen sind. Dabei ist die Senke 27 mit zwei Vertiefungen 16, 16' ausgestaltet, so daß das Einzelelement 12 auch auf den Kopf gestellt werden kann (Rechts-Links-Vertauschung).As already mentioned briefly, the individual element has a trough-shaped depression 16 which is part of an approximately oval depression 27 which is connected to an insert channel 28 leading to the outside. The insert channel 28 has a width so that the ends of the heating elements 14 can be inserted straight in and then inserted in the trough-shaped recess 16. The depression 27 is designed with two recesses 16, 16 ', so that the individual element 12 can also be turned upside down (right-left interchange).

An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, daß anstelle eines diskontinuierlich arbeitenden Kammerofens auch ein Retortenofen mit Wand mit derartigen Heizelement-Auflage-Vorrichtungen versehen werden kann. Wesentlich ist, daß die Heizelemente die Möglichkeit eröffnen, ohne Rücksicht auf die Tragfähigkeit der Ofenwandungen zahlreiche Heizelemente unterzubringen, die eine gleichmäßige Beheizung des Ofeninneren ermöglichen.At this point it should be pointed out that instead of a discontinuously operating chamber furnace, a retort furnace with a wall can also be provided with such heating element support devices. It is essential that the heating elements open up the possibility of accommodating numerous heating elements, regardless of the load-bearing capacity of the furnace walls, which enable uniform heating of the furnace interior.

Darüber hinaus ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, Boden und Decke mit Heizelementen zu bestücken. Hierfür sind beispielsweise Aufhängemöglichkeiten bekannt, die der eingangs genannten Offenlegungsschrift 2754034 entnommen werden können. Die Auflage- und Heizelemente können auch in einfacher Weise eingebaut und ausgewechselt werden, wobei es lediglich erforderlich ist, daß das Versteifungselement aus dem Stapel herausgezogen wird und dieser dann bis zu einer bestimmten Höhe abgebaut wird.In addition, it is of course also possible to equip the floor and ceiling with heating elements. For this purpose, suspension options are known, for example, which can be found in the aforementioned publication 2754034. The support and heating elements can also be installed and exchanged in a simple manner, it only being necessary for the stiffening element to be pulled out of the stack and then the latter to be dismantled to a certain height.

Claims (4)

1. Arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace, comprising a solid bottom (5, 6, 7, 8) and an exteriorly arranged supporting frame (3), as well as a furnace compartment the vertical inner walls of which have horizontally disposed thereon rod-shaped heating elements (14, 15) one above the other in parallel with each other, with the ends of the heating elements resting on support devices provided with trough-shaped recesses (16, 16') and formed of a refractory material, characterized in that, when using non-supporting fibrous insulation material as the wall insulation, the support devices are formed as stackable separate elements (12) of an L- or T-shaped configuration, which are assembled into upright columns (10, 10', 11.11'), said columns resting on the bottom (5, 6, 7, 8) of the furnace without any supporting connection or joint to a wall (23, 24) with the separate elements (12) being stacked to form a supporting column with the aid of a reinforcing element (25).
2. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the separate elements are provided with bores (26) and/or grooves (22, 22') which are aligned with each other in the stack (10, 10').
3. The arrangement according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the walls (23, 24) of the separate element (12) include guide grooves (22, 22') for electrical conductors in the sides opposite from the heating elements.
4. The arrangement according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stacked column formed of separate elements is rigidly joined to the furnace frame (3) located exteriorly of the thermal insulation layer by non-supporting connecting struts.
EP81104731A 1980-06-21 1981-06-19 Arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace Expired EP0042602B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81104731T ATE16069T1 (en) 1980-06-21 1981-06-19 ARRANGEMENT OF THE HEATING ELEMENTS IN AN ELECTRICALLY HEATED FURNACE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3023238 1980-06-21
DE3023238A DE3023238C2 (en) 1980-06-21 1980-06-21 Arrangement of the heating elements in an electrically heated furnace with rod-shaped heating elements

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EP0042602A1 EP0042602A1 (en) 1981-12-30
EP0042602B1 true EP0042602B1 (en) 1985-10-09

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EP (1) EP0042602B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE16069T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3023238C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109648698A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-19 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 A kind of method of knotting intermediate frequency furnace acid lining demoulding

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EP0209556A1 (en) * 1985-01-25 1987-01-28 Firma Ludwig Riedhammer GmbH Electrically-heated industrial oven
DE3927006C1 (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-03-07 Vdm Nickel-Technologie Ag, 5980 Werdohl, De

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DE509287C (en) * 1930-10-06 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Heating resistor carrier
US1472138A (en) * 1921-11-02 1923-10-30 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electric furnace
CH133611A (en) * 1928-07-18 1929-06-15 Siemens Ag Molded stone for carrying heating resistors.
DE917629C (en) * 1938-08-23 1954-09-09 Siemens Ag Method and device for setting up ovens
DE882119C (en) * 1944-11-09 1953-07-06 Siemens Ag Supporting stone for the radiator of electric oven
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109648698A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-19 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 A kind of method of knotting intermediate frequency furnace acid lining demoulding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3023238A1 (en) 1982-01-14
EP0042602A1 (en) 1981-12-30
ATE16069T1 (en) 1985-10-15
DE3023238C2 (en) 1983-01-13

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