Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C211/55—Diphenylamines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
  • C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
  • C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
  • C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
  • C07C209/10—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings or from amines having nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of aminodiphenylamines, in particular 4-aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA), by reaction of nitrohalobenzenes with aromatic amines in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base and subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate product thus obtained.
• 4-aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA) 4-aminodiphenylamine
• 4-Aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA) is an important product for the synthesis of anti-aging agents and stabilizers in the rubber and polymer industry (Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4 th Edition, 1992, Vol 3, pages 424-456; Ullmann's Encylopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol A3, 1985, pages 91-111).
• 4-ADPA can be manufactured using various methods.
• a possibility To produce 4-ADPA is the two-stage implementation of aniline or aniline derivatives with p-nitrochlorobenzene in the presence of an acid acceptor or a neutralizing agent, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
• the production This method is described, for example, in DE-A 3246151, DE-A 3501698, DE-A 185663, US-A 4670595, US-A 4187249, US-A 468333 and US-A 4187248.
• the first stage is mostly with copper catalysts, the second with it different metal components, e.g. Nickel, carried out (see e.g. US-A 5840982).
• Implementations of e.g. also halogenated nitrobenzenes with amines in the presence of palladium catalysts are described in US-A 5576460 and EP-A 846676.
• the present invention therefore relates to a method for producing Aminodiphenylamines by reacting nitrohalobenzenes with aromatic Amines in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst and subsequent hydrogenation of the product thus obtained with hydrogen.
• nitrohalobenzenes are those in which the nitro group is para to the halogen radical.
• Halogen radicals are: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine and bromine.
• the nitrohalobenzenes can also be substituted by one or more other radicals, such as, for example, C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals.
• the position of the nitro group relative to the halogen radicals can of course also be other than the para position, for example in the 2- or 3-position.
• nitrohalobenzenes are: 4-nitro-2-methylchlorobenzene, 4-nitro-3-methylchlorobenzene, 4-nitrochlorobenzene, 3-nitrochlorobenzene and 2-nitrochlorobenzene. 4-Nitrochlorobenzene is particularly preferred.
• Aromatic amines which can be used in the process according to the invention are such Reaction known aromatic amines can be used, for example aniline, o-toluidine, m-toluidine, p-toluidine, 4-ethylaniline, 4-butylaniline, 4-isopropylaniline, 3,5-dimethylaniline or 2,4-dimethylaniline. Aniline is preferred.
• aromatic amines can also be in the form of mixtures, in particular Isomer mixtures can be used.
• nitrohalobenzene 1 to 10 mol, preferably 1.5 to 6 mol, particularly preferably 2 to 4 mol of aromatic amine used.
• palladium catalysts e.g. Palladium-phosphine complexes, or other known palladium compounds or complexes used become.
• Suitable palladium-phosphine complex compounds are those in which the palladium has the valency 0 or II and compounds such as triphenylphosphine, tri-o-toluylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, tri-t-butylphosphine, bisdiphenylphosphine ethane, bisdiphenylphosphine propane, bisdiphenylphosphine Bisdicyclohexylphosphinoethane, bisdiphenylphosphino-ferrocene, 5,5'-dichloro-6,6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl-bis-diphenylphosphine, bis-4,4'-dibenzofuran-3,3'-yl-bisdiphenylphosphine , 1,1'-bis-diphenylphosphino-diphenyl ether or bisdiphenylphosphinobinap
• Palladium-phosphine complex compounds are used, such as Ligands containing nitrogen or oxygen, such as 1,10-phenanthroline, diphenylethanediamine, [1,1 '] - binaphthenyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) and 1,1'-binaphthenyl-2,2'-dithiol (BINAS), or also those with two or more different heteroatoms, like O, N, S.
• Ligands containing nitrogen or oxygen such as 1,10-phenanthroline, diphenylethanediamine, [1,1 '] - binaphthenyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) and 1,1'-binaphthenyl-2,2'-dithiol (BINAS), or also those with two or more different heteroatoms, like O, N, S.
• palladium compounds which serve as catalysts: palladium halides, acetates, carbonates, ketonates, nitrates, acetonates or palladacycles, for example Pd 2 dba 3 , Pd (acac) 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 , (CH 3 CN) 2 Pd (NO 2 ) Cl.
• Pd 2 dba 3 , Pd (acac) 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 are preferred.
• heterogeneous or immobilized palladium catalysts can also be used in the process according to the invention, ie those which are applied, for example, to suitable inert supports.
• the molar ratio of the corresponding ligand to palladium is approximately 40: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 10: 1 to 2: 1, particularly preferably 8: 1 to 4: 1.
• the palladium catalysts such as palladium-phosphine complexes and / or the other complexes or compounds which can be used, in generally in amounts from 0.0001 mol% to 10 mol%, preferably 0.001 mol% up to 5 mol%, based on the nitrohalobenzenes used.
• the bases can be in substoichiometric amount or in excess up to ten times the equivalent amount with respect to nitrohalobenzene be used.
• the bases in the 0.3 to 2 equivalent amount, based on nitrohalobenzene.
• the bases used be pretreated by grinding and / or drying.
• grinding can be carried out, for example, in commercially available Mills are done.
• the measure of grinding causes a drastic one Enlargement of the specific surface, which leads to a significant increase in the Sales leads.
• the grinding increases the specific surface area by a factor of 10 to 20.
• the specific surface areas of the bases are approximately 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g, preferably 0.2 to 1 m 2 / g (BET).
• the bases are dried, for example, in such a way that less Pressure from approx. 0.01 to 100 mbar for several hours at temperatures of approx. 50 to 200 ° C, preferably 100 to 160 ° C, is heated.
• the first stage of the process according to the invention can be carried out at temperatures in the Range from 20 to 250 ° C, preferably carried out at temperatures from 120 to 180 ° C. become.
• the reaction temperatures depend in particular on the type of Starting products, the catalyst and the bases used.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out both in the presence and in the absence a suitable solvent.
• a suitable solvent for example inert, organic hydrocarbons such as xylene and toluene Question.
• organic hydrocarbons such as xylene and toluene Question.
• aromatic amines used themselves as solvents act.
• the water of reaction formed for example be removed by distillation using a suitable entrainer.
• the amount of solvent used can easily be determined by preliminary tests be determined.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out by customary methods be carried out in a continuous or discontinuous manner.
• the aromatic Amines with the halogen nitro aromatics, the reaction product obtained with hydrogen hydrogenated, the hydrogenation in the presence of the already existing Palladium catalyst can be carried out, optionally with the addition of a suitable, inert catalyst support.
• Suitable materials for use as catalyst supports are all commercially available catalyst supports based on carbon, element oxides, element carbides or element salts in various application forms.
• carbonaceous carriers are coke, graphite, carbon black or activated carbon.
• element oxide catalyst supports are SiO 2 (natural or synthetic silica, quartz) Al 2 O 3 ( ⁇ , ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ), clays, natural or synthetic aluminosilicates (zeolites), layered silicates such as bentonite and montmorillonite, TiO 2 (Rutile, anatase), ZrO 2 , MgO or ZnO.
• element carbides and salts are SiC, AlPO 4 , BaSO 4 , CaCO 3 .
• both synthetic materials and carriers from natural sources such as pumice, kaolin, bleaching earth, bauxite, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, asbestos or zeolites can be used.
• Further supports which can be used for the catalysts which can be used according to the invention are Element mixed oxides and oxide hydrates of elements of groups 2 to 16 des Periodic table and the rare earth metals (atomic numbers 58 to 71), preferred from the elements Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Zn, Mg, Ca, Sn, Nb and Ce, which among other things on the way mechanical mixing, common salt precipitation or Cogele can be made from salts and / or alkoxides like this Known expert.
• the carriers can be used both in the sense of chemically uniform pure substances and in a mixture. Both lumpy and powdery materials are suitable for use as a catalyst support according to the invention.
• the support is preferably used as a shaped body, for example as balls, cylinders, rods, hollow cylinders or rings.
• catalyst supports can be further modified by extrusion, tableting, optionally with the addition of further catalyst supports or binders, such as SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 , and calcining.
• the inner surface of the carrier (BET surface area) is 1 to 2000m 2 / g, preferably from 10 to 1600 m 2 / g, most preferably from 20 to 1500 m 2 / g. Presentation and further processing are well known to the person skilled in the art and are state of the art.
• Activated carbons and Si, Al, Mg, Zr and Ti-containing materials are preferred Carrier materials used. Activated carbon is particularly preferred.
• the named supports can also contain palladium with a metal content of 0.01 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the Catalyst, be loaded.
• the named carrier materials or the carrier materials loaded with palladium can be present in amounts of 0.01 to 20% by weight, based on the halonitrobenzene used, are used, preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight.
• Prefers is the use of activated carbon loaded with palladium.
• the hydrogenation can also be carried out using other reduction methods, such as they are known to the person skilled in the art and e.g. in “Reductions in Organic Chemistry, Second Edition, ACS Monograph 188 "are performed.
• the temperatures during the hydrogenation are approximately 0 to 200 ° C., in particular 40 to 150 ° C; the pressures (hydrogen pressure) are approximately 0.1 to 150 bar, in particular 0.5 to 70 bar, very particularly preferably 1 to 50 bar.
• the corresponding 4-aminodiphenylamines obtained with high selectivities (> 98%) and in yields up to 99%.
• the mixture is allowed to cool to 85 ° C. and diluted with 300 ml of water.
• the organic phase is hydrogenated with 1.0 g Pd / C (5% Pd / C) for 15 min at 10 bar hydrogen pressure, the temperature reaching 110 ° C. After filtration and distillation, 182 g (99% of theory) of 4-aminodiphenylamine are obtained.
• the mixture is allowed to cool to 85 ° C. and diluted with 300 ml of water.
• the organic phase is hydrogenated with 1.0 g Pd / C (3% Pd / C) for 11 min at 10 bar hydrogen pressure, the temperature reaching 120 ° C.
• the mixture is allowed to cool to 85 ° C. and diluted with 300 ml of water.
• the organic phase is hydrogenated with 1.0 g Pd / C (loading 5% Pd / C) for 14 min at 10 bar hydrogen pressure, the temperature reaching 120 ° C. After analysis by gas chromatography, 99% of 4-aminodiphenylamine are obtained.
• the mixture is allowed to cool to 85 ° C. and diluted with 300 ml of water.
• the organic phase is hydrogenated for 34 min at 10 bar hydrogen pressure, the temperature reaching 140 ° C. After analysis by gas chromatography, 99% of 4-aminodiphenylamine are obtained.
• the mixture is allowed to cool to 85 ° C. and diluted with 300 ml of water. After the addition of 2.0 g of activated carbon, the organic phase is hydrogenated for 24 min at 10 bar hydrogen pressure, the temperature reaching 140 ° C. After analysis by gas chromatography, 99% of 4-ADPA is obtained.
• Pretreatment of the bases For example, commercially available potassium carbonate is ground in a kitchen or ball mill for about 5 minutes. The potassium carbonate from Grüssing treated in this way experiences an increase in the specific surface area from 0.04 m 2 / g to 0.52 m 2 / g and a primary crystallite size of 10 ⁇ m and smaller. The ground potassium carbonate is then dried for 5 hours at a pressure of 1 mbar and a temperature of 150 ° C. If other bases are used, they are pretreated in an analogous manner.

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