EP1118251B1 - Circuit de commande de del et procede d'utilisation dudit circuit - Google Patents

Circuit de commande de del et procede d'utilisation dudit circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1118251B1
EP1118251B1 EP00926699A EP00926699A EP1118251B1 EP 1118251 B1 EP1118251 B1 EP 1118251B1 EP 00926699 A EP00926699 A EP 00926699A EP 00926699 A EP00926699 A EP 00926699A EP 1118251 B1 EP1118251 B1 EP 1118251B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
led
drive circuit
forward current
voltage
leds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00926699A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1118251A1 (fr
Inventor
Alois Biebl
Franz Schellhorn
Günther Hirschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Ams Osram International GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of EP1118251A1 publication Critical patent/EP1118251A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1118251B1 publication Critical patent/EP1118251B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H05B45/14—Controlling the intensity of the light using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H05B45/18—Controlling the intensity of the light using temperature feedback

Definitions

  • the power loss in the series resistor is converted into heat, resulting in additional heating - in addition to the self-heating of the LEDs in the strand - leads.
  • the invention relates to a drive circuit for LED and associated operating method according to the preamble of claim 1. It is in particular the reduction of Anêtppe in light emitting diodes (LEDs) by means of a clocked LED drive circuit.
  • resistors were always used to limit the forward current through the LEDs.
  • a common board was used for all the series resistors and, if possible, mounted at an appropriate distance from the LEDs. This distance was selected so that the heating of the series resistors R V did not influence the temperature of the LEDs.
  • Another problem is the choice of the maximum forward current I F of LEDs.
  • the maximum permissible forward current I F can not be selected because at a higher ambient temperature T A the forward current must be reduced. Therefore, one chooses a forward current I F , which is smaller than the maximum allowable ( Figure 3). In this way, although the temperature range for operating the LEDs is increased, but the forward current I F is not optimally utilized.
  • FIG. 3 Power TOPLED, type LA E675 from Siemens
  • the maximum forward current I F may be 70 mA up to an ambient temperature of 70 ° C.
  • FIG. 4a shows the principle of a clocked current control for LEDs.
  • a semiconductor switch for example a current-limiting circuit breaker or preferably a transistor T (in particular pnp-type, but also the npn-type is suitable if a charge pump is additionally used for driving), with its emitter to the supply voltage U Batt (in particular battery voltage in the automobile). If the transistor T is conductive, a current i LED flows through the LED string (which here consists, for example, of four LEDs), specifically until the transistor T is switched off again by a comparator. The comparator has its output connected to the base of the transistor.
  • the one (positive) input of the comparator is connected to a control voltage, the second (negative) input of the comparator to a frequency generator (preferably triangular generator with pulse duration T p and accordingly frequency 1 / T p , since this beosnders good electromagnetic compatibility, but also others Pulse shapes such as sawtooth are possible) connected.
  • a frequency generator preferably triangular generator with pulse duration T p and accordingly frequency 1 / T p , since this beosnders good electromagnetic compatibility, but also others Pulse shapes such as sawtooth are possible
  • the rectangular pulses have a pulse width which corresponds to a fraction of T p .
  • the distance between the rising edges of two pulses corresponds to T p .
  • the LEDs are in series with a means for measuring the current (in particular a measuring resistor R shunt between LEDs and ground (case 1) or between semiconductor switch (transistor T) and terminal of the supply voltage U Batt (case 2)).
  • the clocked current i LED is tapped at the measuring resistor R shunt .
  • Connecting- burnd is formed over an aid of the average value of current i LED.
  • the aid is, for example, an integration means (in case 1), preferably an RC low-pass filter, or a differential amplifier (in case 2).
  • This average value serves as the actual value for a current control which is made available to a controller (for example a PI or PID controller) as an input value.
  • a nominal value, in the form of a reference voltage (U Ref ), for the current regulation is likewise made available to the controller as a second input value.
  • the control voltage U control the output of the controller is set by the controller so that the ACTUAL value always corresponds as well as possible the desired value (in terms of voltage). If the supply voltage U Batt changes during fluctuations, the turn-on duration of the transistor T and the length of the rectangular pulse (FIG. 4b) also adapts accordingly. This technique in itself is known as PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
  • the circuit according to the invention advantageously enables a detailed query of the operating states of individual LED strings. This allows simple error detection (query for short circuit, interruption) by sequential scanning (so-called LED SCANNING) of the individual LED strands.
  • the previously necessary large series resistor R V is omitted for the adjustment of the current for the LED string.
  • a power loss in the shunt resistor R shunt of only about 5 mW (at current setting with PWM), ie a reduction in power loss by a factor of 50.
  • Another advantage is the simple current limitation of an LED string using a current-limiting semiconductor switch (preferably a transistor).
  • a switch can also serve a current-limiting circuit breaker, which automatically ensures that the clocked forward current I F does not exceed a maximum limit, for example, a limit of 1 A.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention is suitable for different requirements, for example for a 12V or 42V vehicle electrical system in the vehicle.
  • FIG. 5 shows a snapshot of an oscillogram of the clocked current profile of the LED drive circuit for a 12 V electrical system. It shows the peak current i LED through the LEDs ( Figure 5a), which is clocked and reaches about 229 mA. The pulse width is about 30 ⁇ s, the subsequent dead time 70 ⁇ s. This results in a mean current i LED of 70 mA.
  • the associated clock frequency at the triangular generator is shown in FIG. 5b, its frequency is approximately 9.5 kHz (corresponding to approximately 100 ⁇ s pulse width).
  • the control voltage U rule is shown as a straight line ( Figure 5c), it has a value of 3.2 V.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to regulate the temperature.
  • a temperature sensor preferably in SMD design
  • the forward current I F is reduced in accordance with the specification in the data sheet (FIG. 3).
  • LED string fails in an LED array (consisting of several LED strings), it may be important to immediately report this failure to a service center. This is particularly important in safety equipment, e.g. at traffic lights. Also in the automotive sector (cars, trucks), it is desirable to be informed about the current state of the LEDs, for example, when the taillights are equipped with LEDs.
  • the most common types of errors are open circuit and short circuit.
  • the type of fault short circuit can be practically excluded with LEDs. If LEDs fail, then most of the time by a break in the supply line.
  • a break in an LED is mainly due to heat. The cause lies in the expansion of the resin (epoxy resin as part of the housing) under the action of heat, so that the embedded differently extending bonding wire (connecting line between the LED chip and outer pin) breaks off.
  • the LED drive module In standby mode, the LED drive module remains connected to continuous plus (battery voltage in the vehicle) while it is turned off, i. there is no current flowing through the LEDs. In this state, the drive module may only absorb a small amount of internal current (self-current consumption approaches 0) in order not to load the battery in the vehicle. This is the case when the car is e.g. parked in the garage or parked. An additional power consumption would unnecessarily burden the battery here.
  • the LED control module is switched on and off via a logic input (ENABLE input).
  • the circuit can also perform verpolfest and secure against overvoltage.
  • a polarity reversal protection diode ensures the case of a wrong Connection of the LED control module to the supply voltage (battery) before it is destroyed.
  • a combination of a Zener diode and a normal diode additionally protects the LED drive module against destruction due to overvoltages at the supply voltage pin U Batt .
  • a microcontroller-compatible ENABLE input (logic input) is additionally provided, which enables the control with a microcontroller.
  • the drive module in particular an integrated circuit IC
  • a bus system for example CAN bus in a motor vehicle, Insta bus for domestic installation technology.
  • FIG 6. An embodiment (entire block diagram) for the realization of an interruption detection is shown in FIG 6.
  • the detection of an interruption in the LED string can via the direct monitoring of the control voltage U rule by means of a Interrupt recognizer (see in detail Figure 7) done.
  • Via an evaluation circuit A ( Figure 8), this error case can be displayed on an output (status pin).
  • the circuit of the status output has as a final stage a transistor whose collector is open (ie has no pull-up resistor).
  • the collector of the transistor leads directly to the status pin of the LED drive module ( Figure 8). If an external pull-up resistor R P is connected to the collector of the transistor T OC , it can be connected to an arbitrary voltage V cc . Accordingly, the output signal level depends on the voltage V cc to which the pull-up resistor Rp is connected.
  • the interruption detection in the LED string works according to the principle of scanning (scanning) a voltage (here: control voltage U rule ).
  • Figure 7 shows the complete block diagram of the interruption detection in the LED string according to the principle of sampling a voltage.
  • OSZ internal oscillator
  • the clock (as a rectangular voltage U R ) is applied to an n-bit binary counter (COUNTER).
  • COUNTER binary counter
  • the interpretation of the binary counter must be made.
  • a 3-bit binary counter (for addresses from 0 to 7) is used. With it can be scanned so up to 8 control voltages U rule .
  • the 3-bit binary pattern of the counter controls an analog multiplexer (MUX), which (depending on the applied binary word) scans each of the control voltages U criz1,2 ... one after the other and provides them in turn at the output.
  • MUX analog multiplexer
  • the smallest control voltage U criz_min corresponds to the minimum value of the triangular voltage U D_min .
  • a "low" signal of the control voltage U usually detect (corresponding to 0 volts, interruption in the LED cluster) successfully and prepare it for subsequent storage in a storage medium, such as a flip-flop (FF) at the output of the analog multiplexer (MUX) a comparator (COMP) inserted.
  • a storage medium such as a flip-flop (FF) at the output of the analog multiplexer (MUX) a comparator (COMP) inserted.
  • Its switching threshold U SW must be smaller than the minimum value of the triangular voltage U D , ie U SW ⁇ U D_min .
  • a reset of the flip-flop FF and thus the status output occurs only when the LED driver is turned off, i. if there is a bug in the LED string.
  • FIG. 8 block diagram of the LED drive module.
  • a polarity reversal protection diode between external (U Batt ) and internal power supply ensures in the case of a wrong connection of the LED drive module to the supply voltage (battery) before its destruction.
  • the overvoltage protection is realized with a Zener diode in combination with a reverse polarity diode.
  • the IC also includes a terminal pin for a temperature sensor (eg, an NTC) and a pin for connecting a current reference, and two pins for connecting the LED string.
  • a temperature sensor eg, an NTC
  • An external and thus flexible adjustment (programming) of the forward current I F of an LED string is realized by firstly connecting an internal pull-up resistor R i to the internal voltage supply U V of the IC and to an input for an LED current reference is such that an external resistor R ext to ground with the internal pull-up resistor R i forms a voltage divider and thus sets the desired forward current I F , and that secondly at the input for the LED current reference, a DC voltage to the maximum forward current I F can be adjusted is provided which serves as a measure of the forward current I F.
  • a logic control of the device is realized in that via an input (ENABLE) a logic signal level (low or high) off or on the block.
  • An error message about a STATUS output is realized by the fact that this output has an open collector ("open collector” for bipolar integration) or an open drain (open drain for CMOS integration) and by connecting an external pull-up resistor R P the Output signal level for the error signal level (high signal) can be freely defined.

Landscapes

  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Circuit de commande pour LED, notamment pour un réseau de LED qui est constitué d'une ou plusieurs barrettes de LED, une barrette étant constituée de plusieurs LED disposées en série, les LED ou le réseau de LED étant raccordés à une tension d'alimentation (UBatt), caractérisé par le fait qu'un interrupteur à semi-conducteur (T) est branché en série comme partie du circuit de commande entre les LED ou le réseau de LED et la tension d'alimentation, lequel interrupteur à semi-conducteur comporte deux branches et permet d'envoyer de façon cadencée le courant d'état passant (iLED) pour les LED ou le réseau de LED dans la première branche conduisant aux LED ou au réseau de LED et par le fait qu'un moyen de mesure du courant d'état passant (iLED), notamment une résistance de mesure (RShunt), est branché comme partie du circuit de commande en série avec les LED ou le réseau de LED dans cette première branche pour le courant d'état passant (iLED), notamment entre LED et masse, un circuit de régulation qui est raccordé à la deuxième branche de l'interrupteur à semi-conducteur régulant alors comme partie du circuit de commande l'interrupteur à semi-conducteur (T) de manière à atteindre une valeur moyenne constante du courant d'état passant du fait que le circuit de régulation comprend un élément d'intégration qui fournit la valeur réelle de la valeur moyenne du courant d'état passant ainsi qu'un régulateur qui est raccordé à cet élément d'intégration et qui compare la valeur réelle de la valeur moyenne du courant d'état passant à une valeur de consigne externe, le régulateur fournissant une valeur de sortie de la tension de régulation et le circuit de régulation comprenant aussi un comparateur qui compare le signal d'un générateur de fréquence, notamment d'un générateur triangulaire (OSZ), à la valeur de sortie de la tension de régulation (URegel), la régulation s'effectuant par modulation de largeur d'impulsion.
  2. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'interrupteur à semi-conducteur est un transistor (T).
  3. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la tension de régulation (URegel) est surveillée par un moyen de détection de coupure.
  4. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'un réseau de LED constitué de plusieurs barrettes de LED est surveillé par le fait qu'un générateur de fréquence (OSZ) donne sa cadence à un compteur binaire qui commande un multiplexeur analogique (MUX) qui échantillonne les tensions de régulation (URegel1,2,...) de toutes les barrettes de LED du réseau.
  5. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le signal de sortie du multiplexeur est donné par l'intermédiaire d'un comparateur (COMP) à un support de mémorisation (FF).
  6. Circuit de commande selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est réalisé comme un composant intégré (IC) qui est raccordé aux LED ou au réseau de LED et à la tension d'alimentation.
  7. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un réglage externe et donc variable (programmation) du courant d'état passant (iLED) d'une barrette de LED est réalisé dans le composant (IC) par le fait que premièrement une résistance interne du type Pull-up (Ri) est reliée à l'alimentation en tension interne (UV) du composant (IC) et à une entrée pour une référence de courant de LED de telle sorte qu'une résistance externe (Rext) par rapport à la masse forme avec la résistance interne du type Pull-up (Ri) un diviseur de tension et que l'intensité de courant d'état passant (iLED) souhaitée se règle ainsi et par le fait que deuxièmement il est mis à disposition à l'entrée pour la référence de courant de LED une tension continue qui peut être réglée jusqu'à l'intensité de courant d'état passant (iLED) maximale et qui sert de mesure pour l'intensité de courant d'état passant (iLED).
  8. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'une commande logique du composant (IC) est réalisée par le fait qu'un niveau de signal logique (bas ou haut) met le composant hors circuit ou en circuit par l'intermédiaire d'une entrée (ENABLE).
  9. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'une signalisation d'erreur par l'intermédiaire d'une sortie d'état du composant (IC) est réalisée dans le composant (IC) par le fait que cette sortie a un collecteur ouvert ("Open Collector" pour intégration bipolaire) ou un drain ouvert ("Open Drain" pour intégration CMOS) et que la hauteur de signal de sortie pour le niveau de signal d'erreur (signal haut) peut être définie librement par le raccordement d'une résistance externe du type Pull-up (Rp).
  10. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'une protection contre une inversion de polarité lors du raccordement du composant (IC) à une tension d'alimentation (par exemple une batterie de véhicule automobile) est réalisée dans le composant (IC) par le fait qu'une diode de protection contre inversion de polarité protège les circuits internes du composant.
  11. Circuit de commande selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'une protection contre des surtensions apparaissant à l'entrée du composant pour la tension d'alimentation est réalisée dans le composant (IC) par le fait qu'une combinaison d'une diode Zener et d'une diode de polarité opposée est active à la broche d'entrée pour la tension d'alimentation (UBatt).
  12. Procédé pour faire fonctionner une LED, notamment un réseau de LED, caractérisé par le fait que le courant d'état passant (ILED) des LED est découpé au moyen d'un interrupteur à semi-conducteur rapide (transistor T) et que la valeur réelle de la valeur moyenne du courant d'état passant est comparée à une valeur de consigne externe par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de régulation, la régulation s'effectuant par modulation de largeur d'impulsion.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le signal de sortie du moyen de régulation est comparé au signal d'un générateur de fréquence (OSZ), notamment d'un générateur triangulaire.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le signal issu du moyen de régulation est surveillé par un moyen de détection de coupure, notamment une bascule bistable (FF) ou un balayage de LED.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est réalisé en plus une régulation du courant d'état passant des LED en fonction de la température, qu'un élément capteur de température (notamment un NTC) peut être raccordé par l'intermédiaire d'une entrée de capteur et que, au-dessus d'une certaine valeur de seuil de la température ambiante TA, le courant d'état passant (iLED) est régulé selon une courbe caractéristique prédéterminée.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'un fonctionnement du circuit avec différentes tensions d'alimentation est possible du fait que l'alimentation en tension interne produit à partir de chaque tension d'entrée (UBatt) une tension d'alimentation interne stable.
EP00926699A 1999-06-30 2000-04-01 Circuit de commande de del et procede d'utilisation dudit circuit Expired - Lifetime EP1118251B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19930174A DE19930174A1 (de) 1999-06-30 1999-06-30 Ansteuerschaltung für LED und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
DE19930174 1999-06-30
PCT/DE2000/000989 WO2001003474A1 (fr) 1999-06-30 2000-04-01 Circuit de commande de del et procede d'utilisation dudit circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1118251A1 EP1118251A1 (fr) 2001-07-25
EP1118251B1 true EP1118251B1 (fr) 2006-06-21

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EP00926699A Expired - Lifetime EP1118251B1 (fr) 1999-06-30 2000-04-01 Circuit de commande de del et procede d'utilisation dudit circuit

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6400101B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1118251B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003504797A (fr)
AT (1) ATE331422T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2341657A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19930174A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001003474A1 (fr)

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US6400101B1 (en) 2002-06-04
WO2001003474A1 (fr) 2001-01-11
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ATE331422T1 (de) 2006-07-15
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