EP1113702A2 - Radiateur acoustique à dipôle pour dispositifs électroniques portables - Google Patents

Radiateur acoustique à dipôle pour dispositifs électroniques portables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1113702A2
EP1113702A2 EP00310555A EP00310555A EP1113702A2 EP 1113702 A2 EP1113702 A2 EP 1113702A2 EP 00310555 A EP00310555 A EP 00310555A EP 00310555 A EP00310555 A EP 00310555A EP 1113702 A2 EP1113702 A2 EP 1113702A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loudspeaker
wearable
dipole radiator
signal
acoustic dipole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00310555A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1113702A3 (fr
Inventor
Paavo Niemitalo
Marko Laukkann
Juha Rautiainen
Riku Mikkonen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Oyj
Original Assignee
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd
Nokia Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd, Nokia Oyj filed Critical Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd
Publication of EP1113702A2 publication Critical patent/EP1113702A2/fr
Publication of EP1113702A3 publication Critical patent/EP1113702A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
    • H04R1/2857—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2420/00—Details of connection covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2420/07—Applications of wireless loudspeakers or wireless microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H04R5/0335—Earpiece support, e.g. headbands or neckrests

Definitions

  • This invention relates to accessories for portable electronics and, more particularly, to accessories with an acoustic dipole radiator.
  • a listener is able to determine the source of a sound from several different acoustic cues.
  • One of the important cues is the phase difference in a sound as it is heard at each ear.
  • the listener's brain uses the phase difference between what the right ear hears and what the left ear hears to help locate the source of the sound. It is hard for the brain to determine the source of a low-frequency sound partially because there is very little phase difference between what is heard at each ear due to the length of the soundwave.
  • stereophonic sound recordings are made with a stereo high frequency recording and a monophonic low-frequency recording.
  • the low frequencies can be recorded or reproduced in mono because users are unable to determine the source of low-frequency sounds.
  • the left and right channels of most stereo systems reproduce low-frequency sound that is in phase.
  • the backwave from an unbaffled loudspeaker will cancel the frontwave.
  • a baffle may separate the front of the speaker and the rear of the speaker so that the backwave will not cancel the frontwave.
  • the first low frequency response peak occurs on the wavelength where the baffle radius is a half of the sound wavelength. This peak is at least partially due to the 180 degree phase ( ⁇ /2) difference between the frontwave and backwave as they diffract from the edge of the baffle.
  • ⁇ /2 180 degree phase
  • a designer may adjust the baffle dimensions to control the relationship between the front and backwaves.
  • the baffle should have a radius that is large enough, compared to the wavelength of the soundwave that the designer wishes to separate, to achieve the effect desired by the designer.
  • Low-frequency sounds present a special challenge because their wavelength is long enough that a very large baffle is required to stop the cancellation of the front and back waves.
  • a solution familiar to most stereo system owners is the sealed box speaker.
  • the backwave is contained within the speaker box and thus prevented from interfering with the frontwave.
  • the sealed box speaker also has increased acoustic loading on the backside that interferes with the backwards throw of the loudspeaker motor.
  • the transmission line speaker uses a long acoustic tube on the backside of the loudspeaker to separate the frontwave and backwave.
  • Transmission line speakers are often used in movie theaters to reproduce low-frequency sounds. This type of speaker may have transmission lines that are longer than thirty feet (10 m) and therefore is not a good candidate for portable sound systems.
  • the headphone is a common speaker system for portable electronic devices. Headphones generally consist of two speakers that fit against the ears of the listener. The frontwave and backwave are separated because the headphone loudspeaker is sealed against the ear, which creates a baffle effect similar to a sealed box speaker. The headphone effect is even better than the sealed box scheme due to the fact that the ear is "sensing" the acoustic pressure on the "ear" side of the speaker cone. Thus there is no need for a big cavity; smaller is better, making the speaker cone coupling to the tympanic membrane tighter. If the headphone loudspeakers are not in contact with the ears, the sealed box (or sealed front cavity) effect is lost. Loss of the sealed box/cavity means that there is virtually no baffle, suggesting that the frontwave and backwave will interfere with each other at low frequencies.
  • Headphones are unsuited for some portable applications because they must be in physical contact with the ears.
  • a situation for which headphones are not suited is when the listener must wear a helmet, such as a motorcycle or bicycle helmet. Additionally, headphones often become uncomfortable after wearing them for a long time.
  • an acoustic tube connects two loudspeakers that are situated near each ear.
  • the loudspeakers are electrically connected (in other words, fed) in a push-pull configuration such that the loudspeakers are driven with opposite polarity. Due to the push-pull configuration, the air in the acoustic tube loads the loudspeaker cones less than some other configurations. In other words, the diaphragms on the ends of the cavity are pushing/pulling air in the same direction because they are driven with the same monophonic audio signal but 180 degrees out of phase. When compared to a system where the speakers are driven in phase (pull-pull), the acoustic loading (impedance) of the air in the tube is reduced by the push-pull configuration.
  • phase shift of the low-frequency signal to each loudspeaker can be varied to control the acoustic effect.
  • the phase shifting can be done “softly” for the low-frequency tones only. “Softly” means that the transition frequency range from the non phase-shifted to phase-shifted is wide to minimize some audible interferences.
  • the acoustic tube (aka cavity) is disposed within a necklace that is worn by a mobile station user.
  • a microphone can be mounted on the tube near the acoustic null between the loudspeakers.
  • the acoustic tube is contained within a helmet that is worn by a mobile station user.
  • One or more of the disclosed embodiments provides some of at least the following advantages: a portable speaker system that can be used in situations where headphones are uncomfortable or impractical; low-frequency sound effects from a monophonic source; good low-frequency sound reproduction in a portable form factor; and good separation of front and backwave.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a mobile station 100 and acoustic dipole radiator 150.
  • the mobile station 100 includes, in this example, a control head 102 containing an audio interface, i.e. a speaker 104 and microphone 106 .
  • the control head 102 is the user interface for the mobile station 100.
  • the control head 102 generally includes a display assembly 108 allowing a user to see dialed digits, stored information, messages, calling status information, including signal strength, etc.
  • the control head generally includes a keypad 110, or other user control device, allowing a user to dial numbers, answer incoming calls, enter stored information, and perform other mobile station functions.
  • the control head also has a controller unit 134 that interfaces with a logic control assembly 118 responsible, from the control unit perspective, for receiving commands from the keypad 110 or other control devices, and providing status information, alerts, and other information to the display assembly 108.
  • a transceiver unit 112 includes a transmitter unit 114 , receiver unit 116 , and the logic control assembly 118.
  • the transmitter unit 114 converts low-level audio signals from the microphone 106 to digital coding using a codec (a data coder/decoder) 120 .
  • the digitally encoded audio is represented by direct analog or coded digitally modulated shifts, for example, in the phase domain, using a modulator/demodulator 122.
  • Other data received from the logic control assembly 118, such as station parameters and control information, may also be encoded for transmission.
  • the modulated signal is then amplified by RF amplifier 124 and transmitted via an antenna assembly 126 .
  • the antenna assembly 126 contains a TR (transmitter/receiver) switch or filter 136 to prevent interference due to simultaneous reception and transmission of a signal by the mobile station 100.
  • the transceiver unit 112 is connected to the antenna assembly 126 through the TR switch 136.
  • the antenna assembly contains at least one antenna 138 coupled to TR switch 136 by coupler 140
  • the receiver unit 116 that receives a transmitted signal via the antenna assembly 126.
  • the signal is amplified by receiver/amplifier 124 and demodulated by demodulator 122. If the signal is an audio signal, it is decoded using the codec 120. The audio signal is then reproduced by the internal speaker 104 or the external acoustic dipole radiator 150.
  • a headphone jack switch 109 connects either the acoustic dipole radiator 150 or the internal speaker 104 to the codec 120 in this embodiment but embodiments using a wireless link to radiator 150 may require user input (perhaps via keyboard or voice) to choose which to employ.
  • Other signals are handled by the logic control assembly 118 after demodulation by demodulator 122.
  • the logic control assembly 118 comprises an application specific integrated circuit (or ASIC) combining many functions, such as a general purpose microprocessor, digital signal processor, and other functions, into one integrated circuit.
  • the logic control assembly 118 coordinates the overall operation of the transmitter and receiver using control messages.
  • the mobile station 100 may make use of the logic control assembly 118 to control scanning and evaluation of base stations.
  • the logic control assembly 118 may implement a variable phase shift in the monophonic low-frequency signal supplied to each loudspeaker 160 in the acoustic dipole radiator 150, thus allowing low-frequency sound reproduction from the acoustic dipole radiator 150.
  • frequency dependent variable "soft" low frequency off-phasing would require a slightly different electrical connection to acoustic dipole radiator 150 because the electrical configuration shown is fixed for driving loudspeakers 160 in opposite polarity. Essentially, a separate electrical connection from codec 120 would have to be made to each loudspeaker 160 in order to implement a variable phase, vs. frequency, shift scheme. Also note that a functionally equivalent circuit to that shown in Figure 1 can be obtained by connecting each loudspeaker 160 in the acoustic dipole radiator 150 in parallel such that the positive terminal of the first loudspeaker is connected to the negative terminal of the second loudspeaker and the negative terminal of the first loudspeaker is connected to the positive terminal of the second loudspeaker.
  • the logic control assembly 118 can implement soft phase-shifting in many configurations.
  • the band from 200 to 400 Hz is the transition band where the phase shift changes from 180 to 0 degree according some function vs frequency. This is one embodiment of soft phase-shifting.
  • Soft phase-shifting is useful because "hard" phase-shifting (from 180 to 0 degree) vs frequency is extremely difficult to do instantaneously (with a transition band of 0 Hz). If the transition band is very narrow it generally means some undesired amplitude response and psychoacoustic effects.
  • the logic control assembly 118 operates from a program that is stored in flash memory 128 of the mobile station.
  • the program stored in flash memory 128 may comprise any or all of the inventive methods disclosed below, including the variable phase shifting only the low-frequency audio signal. Flash memory 128 allows upgrading of operating software, software correction or addition of new features. Flash memory 128 is also used to hold user information such as speed dialing names and stored numbers. The various disclosed embodiments typically function from this or another section of the mobile station's memory.
  • the mobile station 100 will typically contain read only memory (ROM) 130 for storing information that should not change, such as startup procedures, and random access memory (RAM) 132 to hold temporary information such as channel number and system identifier.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • FIGS 2A-C illustrate an acoustic dipole radiator necklace 200.
  • Loudspeaker 210 and loudspeaker 220 are located at opposite ends of interconnection cavity 230 , under the user's ears. Interconnection cavity 230 and the user's head effectively create a baffle to separate the front and backwaves of loudspeakers 210 and 220.
  • loudspeaker 210 and 220 are driven with opposite polarity (i.e., 180 degrees out of phase). When driven in opposite polarity (or phase), one loudspeaker will be moving into the cavity 230 while the other loudspeaker is moving out, which causes the air in the interconnection cavity 230 to only slightly load loudspeakers 210 and 220.
  • the acoustic dipole radiator necklace 200 has improved low-frequency response because there is little interference between the loudspeakers' frontwave and backwave. Also, when the loudspeakers are 180 degrees out of phase there is mutual cooperation between the soundwaves generated by each loudspeaker, i.e., one loudspeaker pulls while the other pushes, creating a bigger perceived sound.
  • a microphone 240 may be mounted at or near an acoustic null point between loudspeakers 210 and 220. By mounting the microphone 240 at an acoustic null point, most of the speaker to microphone leakage is avoided. Microphone 240 would require an input to speech codec 120 similar to the one shown for microphone 106 in Figure 1.
  • the acoustic dipole radiator necklace 200 may be supported around the user's neck by any suitable means. For example, a strap (not shown for clarity) may hook to the acoustic dipole radiator necklace 200 and hold it around the user's neck.
  • FIGs 3A and 3B shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, an acoustic dipole radiator helmet 300.
  • Loudspeakers 310 and 320 are located on opposite sides of helmet 300, near the user's ears. Similar to the necklace shown in Figure 2, the helmet 300 has an interconnecting cavity 330 that runs between the backside of loudspeaker 310 and that of loudspeaker 320.
  • a possible variation of the helmet 300 would have separate cavities for each loudspeaker rather than a common (shared) cavity. These separate cavities could be acoustic transmission lines.
  • Figure 1 shows a wire link between the mobile station and the acoustic dipole radiator
  • a wireless link can be used.
  • Optical or low-power radio frequency (RF) are two possibilities for the wireless link.
  • Figure 1 shows the loudspeakers of the acoustic dipole radiator electrically connected for a monophonic input signal
  • the loudspeakers can be electrically connected for a stereophonic input signal as well. This would require a separate electrical input from codec 120 for each loudspeaker.
  • the low-frequency sound may still be phase-shifted to provide the acoustic dipole effect in the stereo configuration.
  • loudspeakers 210 and 220 are shown in Figure 2 with their front roughly parallel to the plane running through the user's collarbones, loudspeakers 210 and 220 may be arranged with their front tilted inwards toward the user's head so that better use may be made of the loudspeaker's acoustic directivity pattern.
  • the interconnecting cavity in the helmet of Figure 3 has been discussed primarily as a sealed cavity between the loudspeakers, one skilled in the art understands that, instead of a sealed cavity shared by both loudspeakers, a separate acoustic transmission line for each loudspeaker could be constructed inside the helmet and ported near its respective loudspeaker to increase the low-frequency output of the acoustic dipole helmet.
  • the disclosed innovations have been discussed primarily in the context of use with a mobile station, one skilled in the art understands that many electronic devices may be used with the invention, such as AM/FM radio receivers, portable cassette players, MP3 players, portable CD players or any other suitable portable electronic device. Additionally, some devices such as AM/FM radio receivers, are small enough that they may be implemented within the necklace or helmet.
  • the improved low-frequency response provided by the disclosed innovations is particularly advantageous with high fidelity equipment because hi-fi equipment needs a much better low frequency response than the typical mobile station (which usually has a low cut-off frequency around 300 Hz).
  • Figure 1 shows a hardwire connection from the mobile station to the wearable accessory.
  • Such hardwire connections generally are implemented with an audio jack (connector) or terminal disposed on/in the wearable accessory.
  • some type of receiver such as an infrared or RF receiver is required.
  • the invention has been discussed primarily in the context of a necklace and a helmet, other wearable accessories can use the disclosed inventions, such as, perhaps, a headset that does not allow the loudspeakers to form a sealed cavity with the ears.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP00310555A 1999-12-31 2000-11-29 Radiateur acoustique à dipôle pour dispositifs électroniques portables Withdrawn EP1113702A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47604599A 1999-12-31 1999-12-31
US476045 1999-12-31

Publications (2)

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EP1113702A2 true EP1113702A2 (fr) 2001-07-04
EP1113702A3 EP1113702A3 (fr) 2002-12-18

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EP00310555A Withdrawn EP1113702A3 (fr) 1999-12-31 2000-11-29 Radiateur acoustique à dipôle pour dispositifs électroniques portables

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1282335A2 (fr) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de reproduction du son

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084139A (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-04-11 Jakobe Eugene J Shoulder supported stereophonic radio receiver
FR2625844A1 (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-13 Audio Design "Push-pull" loudspeaker acoustic system for chambers
US4993065A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-02-12 Gamma Inc. Accessory communication device for telephone sets
EP0412205A1 (fr) * 1989-08-11 1991-02-13 André Tisseront Casque de protection
WO1997021322A1 (fr) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Interval Research Corporation Haut-parleurs portables dotes de groupements a dephasage

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084139A (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-04-11 Jakobe Eugene J Shoulder supported stereophonic radio receiver
FR2625844A1 (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-13 Audio Design "Push-pull" loudspeaker acoustic system for chambers
US4993065A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-02-12 Gamma Inc. Accessory communication device for telephone sets
EP0412205A1 (fr) * 1989-08-11 1991-02-13 André Tisseront Casque de protection
WO1997021322A1 (fr) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Interval Research Corporation Haut-parleurs portables dotes de groupements a dephasage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1282335A2 (fr) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de reproduction du son
US7139402B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2006-11-21 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Sound reproduction device
EP1282335B1 (fr) * 2001-07-30 2008-08-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de reproduction du son

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1113702A3 (fr) 2002-12-18

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