Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
  • C11D3/1273—Crystalline layered silicates of type NaMeSixO2x+1YH2O
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/40—Dyes ; Pigments

Definitions

• the invention relates to a granular alkali layer silicate compound, a process for its manufacture, as well as detergents and cleaning agents, which contain such a granular Alkaline layer silicate compound included.
• Detergent builders perform a variety of functions. Among them are special the removal or reduction of water hardness and the supply of alkalinity, i.e. the increase in pH in the wash liquor.
• the Removing the water hardness present in tap water is important as it will the usual, especially higher washing temperatures on heating elements, Washing machine walls and inorganic incrustations on textiles ("Incrustations") and the commonly used anionic surfactants in Bring out the form of so-called lime soaps.
• Incrustations Incrustations
• this has one Reduced washing power and on the other hand results in only a few A gray veil on the laundry.
• Inorganic incrustations consist of water hardness precipitated in the form of calcium carbonate or deposited residues of undissolved detergent builder parts. The (desired) Increasing the pH in the wash solution will result in dirt particles receive a higher surface charge and thus easier to remove from the tissue are.
• detergent components are concerned especially the builder component, through the addition of dyes for colored different purposes.
• a particularly high color strength of the product can only be achieved by increasing the proportion of dye.
• the disadvantage here is that residues of the dyes remain in the wash liquor can and lead to the dyeing of textiles or pollution of the environment.
• alkali layer silicates are found a suitable choice of additives in combination with dyes in particular Color intensive coloring without the dye content in the product essential is increased.
• a granular alkali layer silicate compound type mentioned characterized in that it is a crystalline Contains alkali layer silicate, a dye and an additive.
• Preferred alkali layer silicates which can advantageously be used to produce the compound according to the invention are those of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 • yH 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number of Is 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
• Such layer silicates are used in the EP-B-0 164 514, to which express reference is made here.
• Preferred phyllosilicates are those in which M stands for sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
• beta and delta sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 • yH 2 O are preferred, beta-sodium disilicate being obtainable, for example, by the process described in WO-A-91/08171.
• Beta sodium disilicate is commercially available under the name SKS-7
• delta sodium disilicate is available under the name TM SKS-6 (products of Clariant GmbH).
• DE-A-198 30 591 describes further layered silicates which can preferably be used for the production of the granular alkali layered silicate compound according to the invention. It is a finely divided crystalline layered sodium disilicate of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .
• yH 2 O where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20, characterized in that it contains from 0 to 40% by weight of alpha-disodium disilicate, 0 to 40% by weight of beta-disodium disilicate, 40 to 100% by weight of delta-disodium disilicate and 0 to 40% by weight of amorphous fractions as well as a sieve residue of less than 60% and free of sodium metasilicate.
• DE-A-196 01 063 describes a crystalline layered sodium silicate of the general formula xNa 2 O * ySiO 2 * zP 2 O 5 with the ratio x to y of 0.35 to 0.6 and the ratio x to z of 1.75 to 1200 and the ratio of y to z from 4 to 2800.
• These phosphorus layered silicates with high crystallinity and a very high calcium binding capacity are also preferably used for the production of the compound according to the invention.
• Crystalline alkali layer silicates which have a certain degree of preference are preferred Have content of phosphorus, sulfur and / or carbon.
• Suitable silicates are also highly alkaline crystalline sodium silicates of the composition Na 2 O * x SiO 2 * y H 2 O where x is a number between 1.2 and 2.1 and y is a number between 0 and 20 and the highly alkaline crystalline sodium silicate is 70 to 98% by weight of layered disodium disilicates and 2 to 30% by weight of non-layered silicate sodium silicates formula Na 2 O * v SiO 2 * w H 2 O where v is a number between 0.05 and 2 and w is a number between 0 and 20.
• Preferred dyes are oxidation-stable and / or alkali-stable dyes and pigments.
• Suitable dyes can be the Sandolan types (S. Blau E-HRL 180, S. NBG125 (brilliant red), S. MFBL (green)) or Vitasin types (V.ponceau 4RC82 (red), V. quinoline yellow 70 (yellow) or Telon types (Telon Blau AFN, DyStar textile dyes) Pigments such as patent blue (DyStar), Unisperse types or Terasil-T types (both from Ciba) can also be used.
• the additives are preferably alkyl alkoxylates, gluconamides, alkyl polyglycosides, alkyl ester alkoxylates, oligoglycols, polyglycols, monoalkyl glycol ethers, monoalkyl oligoglycol ethers, monoalkyl polyglycol ethers, dialkyl glycol ethers, dialkyl oligoglycol ethers, and dialkyl polyglycol ethers or dialkyl polyglycol ethers.
• the alkyl alkoxylates are particularly preferably alkyl ethoxylates and / or EO-PO alkoxylates.
• especially low molecular weight Compounds should preferably contain at least one alkyl group.
• Important Compounds with this characteristic are also nonionic surfactants.
• Alkyl alkoxylates, gluconamides and alkyl polyglycosides are particularly preferred as additives.
• the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 11 alcohols with 3, 5, 7, 8 or 11 EO, C 12 -C 15 alcohols with 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 or 13 EO, C 14 -C 15 Alcohols with 4, 7 or 8 EO, C 16 -C 18 alcohols with 8, 11, 15, 20, 25, 50 or 80 EO and mixtures of these.
• the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
• fatty alcohol EO / PO adducts can also be used, such as Genapol types 3970, 2909 and 2822.
• polyethylene glycols as additives use, e.g. the PEG types 200, 300, 400, 600, 1000, 1350, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000, 20000 and 35000 from Clariant.
• Monoalkyl glycol ethers and monoalkyl oligoglycol ethers are also preferred as additives or monoalkyl polyglycol ethers used, including butyl glycol, butyl diglycol and Butyl polyglycol.
• Monoalkylpropylene glycols are also preferred, Use monoalkyl oligopropylene glycols and monoalkyl polypropylene glycols.
• polycarboxylate copolymers as additives in acid or alkali form, preferably sodium form, based Use acrylic acid / maleic acid (for example Sokalan types from BASF).
• the additive is preferably used in a mixture or solution with water.
• a larger volume of liquid is achieved, which for a more even distribution of the additive on the presented coarse Alkali layer silicate is cheap.
• solubilizers Alcohols are particularly suitable for this, in particular preferably ethanol and isopropanol.
• the additive can preferably also be in pure form with the coarse particulate Alkali layer silicate are mixed.
• the water content of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention is variable within wide limits and essentially upright flowability of the final compound to be obtained is limited.
• the color intensity is a particularly important parameter that affects the product affects.
• the color intensity of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention is dependent on the dye concentration, among other influences. In the preferred range of 0.01 to 2% blue dye, a b value of -15 to -40 preferred, in the particularly preferred range from 0.05 to 1%, a b-value of -17 to -30.
• Also important for the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention is a certain particle size and a particle size distribution that is not too broad.
• the proportion of fine grains should not be too large to create as strong a color contrast as possible with the rest of the ingredients in the later detergent. Too high a fraction of fine grain would produce a washed out background color.
• An average particle diameter of 400 to 900 ⁇ m is preferred.
• the proportion greater than 1.4 mm is from 0.1 to 15% and a proportion less than 0.25 mm from 0.5 to 20%.
• An average particle diameter of 0.5 to 0.8 mm, a proportion greater than 1.4 mm from 1 to 9% and a proportion smaller than 0.25 mm from 1 to 15% is particularly preferred.
• the colored granular alkali layer silicate compounds according to the invention are free-flowing, preferably free-flowing and show no particular Tendency to cake.
• the dye is only an external one Coloring preferred.
• Alkali layer silicate compounds are therefore preferred from a coarse one Layered silicate ran out. This can both make up a specially screened fraction Layered silicate powder, as well as layered silicate compacted into granules.
• Agglomerated powder can also be used.
• Agglomerating agents can be polycarboxylate copolymer, such as this is described in EP-A-0 849 355.
• the most important feature of the coarse-particle alkali layer silicate (starting product) is the grain size and distribution.
• An average particle diameter of 0.5 is preferred to 0.9 mm, a proportion greater than 1.18 mm from 0.1 to 50% and a proportion smaller than 0.25 mm from 0.1 to 10%.
• a middle one is particularly preferred Particle diameter from 0.5 to 0.8 mm, a proportion greater than 1.18 mm from 1 to 10% and a proportion smaller than 0.25 mm from 0.2 to 5%.
• Press granules are suitable for use as coarse-particle alkali layer silicate prefers. These are preferred by methods of roll compaction, Briquetting and other manufactured. In the case of roll compaction, there is a pressing pressure from 10kN / cm to 100kN / cm preferred and a pressure of 30kN / cm to 80kN / cm is particularly preferred.
• Granulation aids e.g. water, water glass, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, polycarboxylate copolymer
• Granulation aids e.g. water, water glass, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, polycarboxylate copolymer
• Agglomerates are preferred for use as coarse-particle alkali layer silicate. These are preferably made in grain building mixers, e.g. in Lödige ploughshare mixer, Eyrichmicher, Schugi mixer with downstream Fluid bed dryer etc. Granulation aids (up to 30% by weight) or other detergent ingredients such as e.g. Water, water glass, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, Polycarboxylate copolymer, soil release polymer and others.
• Granulation aids up to 30% by weight
• other detergent ingredients such as e.g. Water, water glass, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, Polycarboxylate copolymer, soil release polymer and others.
• alkali layer silicate is preferably finely ground (to d 50 50 50 ⁇ m).
• Suitable apparatus for this are, for example: ball, pendulum roller, roller, air jet, hammer and impact mills.
• grinding aids can be added.
• Normal powder (50 d d 50 500 500 ⁇ m) is also particularly preferably used.
• the aforementioned press granules can preferably also be finely ground (to d 50 50 50 ⁇ m).
• the present invention also relates to a method for producing a granular alkali layer silicate compounds, characterized in that one Mixes alkali layer silicate with a dye and then an additive sprayed on and optionally dried.
• the additive is preferably mixed with water and / or a Solubilizers sprayed on and optionally dried.
• the present invention also relates to a washing and cleaning agent, containing a granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention.
• the washing and cleaning agent is preferably in tablet form.
• the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention from coarse-particle alkali layer silicate, dye and additive preferably mixers and conditions are used which are suitable To change the starting grain structure of the layered silicate as little as possible. Particular attention must be paid to making the fine fraction smaller than Increase 250 ⁇ m as little as possible. Mixers from the company Schugi-Hosokawa (e.g. type Flexomix 160), preferably with downstream batch fluidized bed to adjust the water content can.
• Schugi-Hosokawa e.g. type Flexomix 160
• mixers from the companies Hauff and Telschig, which follow the free fall principle and the company Nauta, in which the mix according to Archimedes principle is circulated by a snail.
• the dye is preferably dry with the coarse-grained layered silicate premixed. Then the additive, optionally in a mixture with water and / or sprayed solubilizers.
• Another preferred embodiment is the dye in the additive itself in one Mixture of additive and water or a mixture of additive, water and Solving mediators. This dye solution is based on the pure coarse Alkaline layer silicate sprayed and mixed.
• the invention also relates to a washing and Detergent, which is a granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention contains.
• a washing and Detergent which is a granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention contains.
• Compositions represent an exemplary selection.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention ad 100% by weight of further customary ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 92% by weight cobuilder ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 9 to 75% by weight cobuilder ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 12.5 to 62% by weight cobuilder ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 37 wt% surfactant ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 1.5 to 31 wt% surfactant ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 2 to 19% by weight of surfactant ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 53% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 1 to 23% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 5 to 20% by weight of bleach-active agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 50% by weight of further layered silicate ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 4 to 30% by weight of further layered silicate ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 5 to 20% by weight of further layered silicate ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 46% by weight of electrolyte supplier ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 4 to 34% by weight of electrolyte supplier ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 6 to 23% by weight of electrolyte supplier ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 92% by weight cobuilder 0 to 37 wt% surfactant ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 9 to 75% by weight cobuilder 1.5 to 31 wt% surfactant ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 12.5 to 62 wt% cobuilder 2 to 19 wt% surfactant ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 92% by weight cobuilder 0 to 53% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 9 to 75% by weight cobuilder 1 to 23% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 12.5 to 62 wt% cobuilder 5 to 20% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.1 to 80% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 0 to 92% by weight cobuilder 0 to 37 wt% surfactant 0 to 53% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 0.5 to 15% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 9 to 75% by weight cobuilder 1.5 to 31 wt% surfactant 1 to 23% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the detergent and cleaning agent preferably contains 1 to 9% by weight of the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention 12.5 to 62 wt% cobuilder 2 to 19 wt% surfactant 5 to 20% by weight of bleaching agents ad 100% by weight of other usual ingredients.
• the cobuilder is preferably crystalline aluminosilicates, mono-, oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acids, phosphonates, alkali carbonates, alkali hydroxides, Alkali ortho, alkali pyro, alkali polyphosphates, crystalline alkali silicates with one Crystal lattice without layer structure and / or solid or liquid amorphous alkali silicates.
• the bleaching agents are preferably perborate, Percarbonate, persulfate, bleach activators (e.g. TAED, nitrile quats), Bleaching catalysts, organic peroxides and / or enzymes.
• Suitable enzymes are, for example, oxidases, peroxidases and reductases.
• the surfactants are preferably anionic, cationic, non-ionic and / or zwitterionic surfactants.
• the electrolyte suppliers are preferably e.g. about sulfates, nitrates, Chlorates, perchlorates, chlorides, acetates, formates, lactates, tosylates and / or Borates.
• the further layer silicates are preferably alkali layer silicates with the chemical composition according to the prior art, which is not in the granular alkali layer silicate compound according to the invention are contained. They are particularly preferably in press-granulated, normal powder, finely ground Powder or finely ground granulate form. They can be particularly preferred also in compounds with copolymer, anionic or nonionic surfactants etc. be included.
• granular alkali layer silicate compound preferably 0.1 to 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight or 1 to 9% by weight.
• the granular alkali layer silicate compounds according to the invention can find use in detergents and cleaning agents.
• the aforementioned detergents and cleaning agents, water softeners and Machine dishwashing detergents can be in powder, granule and tablet form be used.
• the granular alkali layer silicate compounds according to the invention produce in powder detergents and cleaning agents colored grains.
• Powdered full, color and special detergents are preferred here.
• Heavy duty detergents are balanced formulations with the aim of achieving as much as possible high washing effect.
• Color detergents are primarily intended to protect color textiles with regard to fading and washing of the colors and felting of the fibers.
• Special detergents target narrow areas of application such as stain salts, Curtain detergent, wool detergent and others.
• the granular alkali layer silicate compounds according to the invention can continue to be used in water softeners, especially in regions with high water hardness has a performance-enhancing effect on the washing result and have a protective effect on the washing machine.
• granular alkali layer silicate compounds according to the invention are machine dishwashers. Here they are mainly because of their good dirt dispersion, their high alkalinity and their excellent Protective effect against corrosion of glasses suitable. For Machine dishwashing applications are preferred to be low foaming EO / PO adducts are used as additives.
• tablet detergents and cleaning agents e.g. Full-, Color detergent, special detergent, machine dish cleaner, stain salts and / or Water softener.
• the granular alkali layer silicate compounds according to the invention produce colored tablets and detergents Speckles.
• a further embodiment is only individual portions of the in multi-phase tabs To provide the tablet with speckles or individual portions predominantly or to color completely homogeneously.
• the shape can take the form of a cylinder, a cuboid or, to a large extent, any geometric shape.
• the ratio of radius to height can be between 0.25 to 4 to 1.
• the pressure can be between 12 and 0.3 kN / cm 2 .
• Multistage pressing is also preferred in order to obtain multiphase tabs. Any number of layers are pressed one after the other in several steps, so that several layers result. In the case of two-layer tablets, a volume ratio of the two layers of 1 to 10 to 10 to 1 is particularly preferred.
• Determination of the grain distribution by sieve analysis The inserts with the desired sieves are inserted into a Retsch sieving machine. The mesh size of the sieves decreases from top to bottom. 50 g of the powder to be examined are placed on the widest sieve. The powder material is conveyed through the various sieves by the oscillating movement of the sieving machine. The residues on the sieves are weighed and calculated based on the weight of the material. The d 50 value can be calculated from the values. Values determined using this method are identified in the examples.
• the Color values are specified in the Hunter system (CIE-LAB system). L values range from 0 (black) to 100 (white), a values from -a (green) to + a (red) and b values from -b (blue) to + b (yellow). The greater the negative of the b-value, the more The material examined is more intense blue.
• the optical brighteners are in a quarter of the amount of alkyl ethoxylate (AE) mixed and in the household multimixer (Braun) with half of the soda or Amount of bicarbonate mixed.
• AE alkyl ethoxylate
• Brand household multimixer
• half of the remaining AE is in Sprayed on for 5 minutes.
• other layered silicate may be used added and mixed for 10 minutes.
• the remaining second half AE in sprayed on for another 5 minutes.
• LAS, soap, anti-foam, Phosphonate and compound with optical brightener added and 10 minutes at 300 rpm mixed.
• the tumble mixer the mixture of Lödige mixer under low shear stress with perborate, TAED, enzymes and Alkali layer silicate compound added and mixed for 5 minutes.
• the detergent formulation is mixed and pressed into the appropriate shape using a Matra tablet press.
• the pressure can be between 12 and 0.3 kN / cm 2 .
• the pellet has the dimensions height 18mm, diameter 41 mm.
• the solid components were in a ploughshare mixer from Lödige presented and mixed well. Then the alkyl ethoxylate is sprayed on. Enzymes, Perfume, percarbonate or perborate and TAED are mixed in at the end.
• a disintegrant granulate was produced, the 14.91% cellulose, 84.9% Alkali layer silicate and 0.19% Sandolan Blau E-HRL 180 contained.
• the L value was 61.4, the b value -13.23.
• Example 2 In a free-fall mixer from Hauff, a premix was made as in Example 2, only with less dye, was made with an increased amount of one Solution of Genapol UD 110 and water mixed.
• the composition and the analytical data of the mixture are given in Table 1. L and b values indicate that the color was significantly more intense than that of the materials of the Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3.
• Example 2 In a mixer from Schugi (type Flexomix 160) with a downstream batch fluid bed became a dry premix, as in Example 2, with less Dye was made with an increased amount of a solution from Genapol UD 110 mixed.
• the composition and analytical data of the mixture are given in Table 1. L and b values indicate that the color despite lower dye use was significantly more intensive than that of the materials of the Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3.
• a premix was made in a free-fall mixer from Hauff as in Example 9 900kg SKS-6 granules with 1.8kg Sandolan MFBL (green), as in example 2 was made with an increased amount of a solution of Genapol UD 110 and Mixed water.
• the composition and the analytical data are in Table 1 given.
• a premix was made in a free-fall mixer from Hauff as in Example 9 900kg SKS-6 granules with 1.8kg Vitasin quinoline yellow 70 (yellow), as in example 2 was made with an increased amount of a solution of Genapol OA 080, Isopropanol and water mixed.
• Genapol OA 080, Isopropanol and water mixed The composition and the analytical Data are given in Table 1.
• a premix was made in a free-fall mixer from Hauff as in Example 9 900kg SKS-6 granules with 1.8kg Sandolan NBG 125 (brilliant red), as in example 2 was made with an increased amount of a solution of Genapol 2909, Isopropanol and water mixed.
• the composition and the analytical Data are given in Table 1.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and The formulation in Table 2 was a test color detergent with a 1% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and The formulation in Table 2 was a test water softener with 15% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and Formulation in Table 2 was a test stain remover with 9% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and Formulation in Table 3 was a test detergent with 0.2% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and Formulation in Table 3 was a test detergent with 1% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and Formulation in Table 3 was a test detergent with 5% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and Formulation in Table 3 was a test detergent with 4% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and The formulation in Table 3 was a test detergent with 7% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• test detergents According to the general regulation "production of test detergents" and Formulation in Table 3 was a test detergent with 5% alkali layer silicate compound prepared from Example 9.
• a machine dishwashing gel was produced by mixing in water glass, phosphate, soda, sodium hydroxide, phosphonate, polymer, alkanesulfonate with a dispersant (Ultraturrax, from Hanke and Kunkel). Alkaline layer silicate compound from Example 11 and sodium hypochlorite are briefly mixed in at the end (Table 4).

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• 1999
  • 1999-12-16 DE DE19960744A patent/DE19960744A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2000
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