EP1110685B1 - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug - Google Patents
Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1110685B1 EP1110685B1 EP00113165A EP00113165A EP1110685B1 EP 1110685 B1 EP1110685 B1 EP 1110685B1 EP 00113165 A EP00113165 A EP 00113165A EP 00113165 A EP00113165 A EP 00113165A EP 1110685 B1 EP1110685 B1 EP 1110685B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting
- cutting edge
- bevel
- tool according
- scoring tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
- B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
- B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
- B26F2001/4472—Cutting edge section features
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cutting and scoring tool, preferably for pressure cutting, according to the generic term of Claim 1 and use of such a tool according to the preamble of claim 23.
- Such tools are e.g. in the cardboard industry used to cut from a cardboard or cardboard material for boxes or boxes (e.g. cigarette boxes) manufacture. This usually happens by means of punching devices that the blade-shaped tools with at least during the cutting process to the material level Take up the vertical blade so that it is on one side of the blade existing chamfer starting with the cutting edge perpendicular to the material plane by lifting or rotating movement penetrates into the material. This allows the blanks cut out on the one hand and also on the other hand to form fold lines by only partially cutting out be scored, the fold lines unfolding the cut, e.g. enable to a box.
- the cutting edge (tip section) of the cutting and scoring tool has the shape of a wedge, the side surfaces form a wedge angle.
- the effect of such a cutting edge is, for example, in Spaethe-Trzebiatowsky: metalworking Vol. 1, Olten - Koch i. Br., 6th ed. 1965, p. 67 described. This effect depends on the position and movement the cutting edge relative to the workpiece. In the during vertical cutting the good cut or separated, while at oblique Employment chips would be separated. Through the angry The wedge is driven into the material by cutting force. He has to displace the material. The one to be overcome Cutting resistance depends on the strength properties of the material to be cut, the size of the Wedge angle and the effective cutting edge length.
- page 12 is a balance of forces for a symmetrical trained cutting and scoring tool for pressure cutting reproduce that over that of Spaethe-Trzebiatowsky specified considerations, insofar as this It also takes into account the frictional forces acting on the wedge and counteracting the cutting force (here called knife force) Punching force should be taken into account. It is carried out that the knife force to be applied the necessary punching force to destroy the material and the vertical resulting from the material displacement components of the wedge and Frictional forces should be composed, the frictional force in each case by multiplying an average sliding friction number is calculated with the wedge force.
- a hardened blade Steel described a first ground side surface with a maximum roughness of 0.9 ⁇ m, which is an angle of 19 to 22 degrees with a flat one Blade side forms, and which continues to be a second ground Side surface with a maximum roughness of 0.02 ⁇ m, which is an angle with the flat blade side forms, which is 1 to 5 degrees larger than the angle the first ground side surface.
- the desired So improvement is particularly through a very pronounced Smoothness and fineness of the blade, i.e. by a sometimes extremely low surface roughness achieved, with what considerable manufacturing effort is involved.
- edge dust on the Cut often called "lint". That punch dust must be laboriously manual work, with brushes, Orbital sander, compressed air or similar tools from the blanks are removed. Therefore are different technical solutions to avoid edge dust are proposed Service.
- the area of the cutting or scoring edge is preserved thereby in a continuously executable work step the required hardness so that the cutting and Scribing tools also have a long service life.
- the surface is tarnished and scaled of the steel strip.
- Such scaling on the surfaces of the bevels affect the smooth indentation in cardboard, paper or the like, so that on the cut edges of the cardboard, paper or the like cut dust and fraying arise.
- the tarnishing and scaling can, as DE-A 3 919 536 proposes, by a protective gas treatment be counteracted.
- the cross section can be symmetrical or be asymmetrical (see US-A-2 276 376).
- the blade can have a concave shape, such as according to US-A-2 211 213 in the base section, or a convex shape such as corresponding to US-A-2 049 157 or US-A-2 276 376, have. Common to all these known blades however at least one chamfer in the area of the blade tip, which is always flat.
- German utility model DE-U-296 16 585 used as a generic Cutting and scoring tool in which the chamfer is such a has convex curvature that each towards the Cutting edge on the bevel with a tangent Cutting direction through the axis of the cutting edge includes an angle that is less than 90 °.
- DE-A-29 07 325 relates to a cutting roller for producing profiled inner and outer cuts on moving webs or individual blanks from paper or the like, in particular for the production of blank envelopes on envelope making machines, consisting of a base body which carries a web-shaped knife, the latter Processing corresponds to the contours of the format to be cut.
- the knife consists of one or more welding beads placed side by side and one above the other on the base body.
- the sloping roof which can also be understood as a " chamfer”, has no curvature, but is flat.
- the foot area of the welding bead has an indentation in the lower area which is not involved in the cutting process.
- EP-A-0 418 768 describes a stamped sheet made of sheet steel, a process for its Manufacture and a tool for performing the method described.
- the Punching plate has at least one protruding from the front, one each Cutting edge carrying web, the normal distance of the cutting edge from the Back of the stamping plate by a nominal size with a tolerance of 0.04 at the most mm varies.
- On the back is material in at least one area of the webs removed or filled and / or on both flanks of the punched edge directly on this, one depression each by pressing or one Bulge arranged.
- the majority of the known cutting and scoring tools has in particular either a scraped or a ground bevel (FR-A-1 483 301, DE-A-2 304 237, DE-A-2 743 258), i.e. for the preliminary product, a cold-rolled, hardened and tempered steel strips made of spring steel, the chamfer is either by grinding or by Cockroaches formed.
- Scraping means one machining, in which the to be machined Workpiece relative to a fixed tool, e.g. a hard metal tool or the like, i.e. the steel strip becomes the longitudinal bevel pulled through at least one drawing station.
- EP-A-0 234 009 describes the advantages and disadvantages of known either ground or scraped generic Cutting and scribing tools described.
- the honed Bevel has a minimal hollow section, which results in excellent sharpness, so that a low punching pressure is required.
- the dimensional accuracy such a chamfer not for all purposes satisfactory.
- Because of their scraped bevels Very good dimensional accuracy in the drawing process, so that they are used for high demands on dimensional accuracy become. Since such chamfers are weakly convex, their sharpness is low and they do not have a cutting effect but pressing on the material, so that higher punching pressures (Knife forces) are required.
- Such cutting tips can also have a radius, a fillet or a Have flattening.
- Punch knives are presented in EP-A-0 715 933 differ from all those described above in that that the cutting tip is deliberately aimed Has rounding. This rounding is considered the crucial one Viewed feature by which prevented should be that the cutting edge is damaged in case of overpressure, i.e. is flattened and a ridge arises. The resilience such a rounded cutting edge is three times higher than that of a pointed cutting edge, the cut quality would also be preserved over long runs. At a Such execution must have high cutting forces be assumed. Such a blunt edge is created due to the manufacturing process also when scraping chamfers the blade.
- the invention has for its object a cutting and To create scribing tool of the type described at the outset, with which these are partially antagonistic to each other cautious demands can be met even better and also a corresponding advantageous use of the to indicate the generic type.
- this occurs when cutting or scoring with advantage to a swelling and swelling of the occurring Forces such that in the convex area of the side of the cutting edge starting when penetrating into the Good to be cut the ratio of one in the cutting direction pointing knife force perpendicular to the cutting direction standing lateral force does not initially decrease, in particular but grows steadily while penetrating further in the concave area the ratio of the in the cutting direction pointing knife force perpendicular to the The transverse direction of the cutting direction does not increase afterwards, but especially steadily decreasing. That way comes in optimally during the separation process of the good temporarily cutting, temporarily the pressing effect of the tool predominantly to the advantage, whereby the penetration behavior of the tool according to the invention in the material to be processed At its best. Especially through the concave area among other things, there is a possible formation of bulges of the material to be cut on its surface.
- the knife force to be applied is when penetrating into the Good to be cut due to the curved contour of the chamfer depending on the distance h of the point of action of the wedge force component from the cutting edge, as the effective one Wedge angle, e.g. as a cutting angle from both sides in Tip section each to the bevel in the direction of Cutting edge of tangents can be defined, changes constantly depending on this distance h. This constant change is advantageous avoided that during the separation or scribing process in Tool and sudden changes in the material to be processed the effective forces or mechanical stresses could occur.
- equation (1) along the bevel - strictly speaking - leads point by point to different values for the knife force F M * and the lateral force F Q * , since the shape of the contour of the bevel is not constant. It is therefore necessary to switch from an integral view to an infinitesimal view in this balance of forces, in which case the forces (knife force F M * , transverse force F Q * ) are to be understood in each case as specific quantities.
- FIG. 1 shows, there is a first embodiment of a Cutting and scoring tool according to the invention, preferably is provided for the pressure cut from a Blade 1, which has a base section 2 and one attached to the Base section 2 adjoining wedge-shaped tip section 3 with a cutting edge 4 and with at least one - Two in the embodiment shown - each on one Blade longitudinal side 5 formed with the other blade longitudinal side 5 a chamfer 6 including a wedge angle ⁇ .
- the wedge angle ⁇ is the cutting angle from both sides' in the tip section 3 each on the chamfer 6 in the direction of Cutting edge 4 created tangents T-T defines and can over an opposite to the cutting direction S from the cutting edge 4 from the current distance coordinate h, that of the respective Depth of penetration into what is to be cut or scored Well corresponds to be changeable.
- the one from the chamfer 6 the two sides of the blade 5, or from the tangents T-T included effective wedge angles ⁇ can e.g. steady increase with increasing distance from the cutting edge 2. or decrease.
- the wedge-shaped tip section 3, each with the chamfer 6 on each blade longitudinal side 5 is advantageous in terms of one running in the cutting direction S through the cutting edge 4 Center axis X-X symmetrical. at such a symmetrical formation of the blade 1 results the wedge angle ⁇ is a double value of an angle between the on a blade longitudinal side 5 in the direction of Cutting edge 4 on the chamfer 6 tangent T-T with the Center axis X-X.
- the chamfer 6 has at least two continuously merging Areas 6a, 6b, and at least one first area located near the cutting edge 4. 6a with - seen in cross section - convex curvature (wedge angle ⁇ increases) and at least one of the convex ones Area 6a adjoining the second, near the Base section 2 arranged area 6b with - in cross section seen - concave curvature (wedge angle ⁇ increases from).
- the bevel 6 can - at least in cross-section in sections an approximately S-shaped or - on the other blade longitudinal side 5 an inverted S-shaped Show contour course.
- An imaginary one, from the cutting edge 4 outgoing straight line G-G, which through a base point F at the transition from tip section 3 to base section 2 the longitudinal side of the blade 5 runs, can be advantageous cut from the S-contour of the chamfer 6 in at least three points become.
- Die areas 6c running in parallel do not contribute to being pushed apart the material of the goods to be processed, thereby advantageously forming a bulge in the material is completely prevented or at least severely restricted.
- the parallel areas 6c can be advantageous a length of up to 45 percent of a vertical (in Cutting direction S running) length l of the tip section 3 have.
- the contour of the chamfer 6 can advantageously also be designed in such a way that between the base section 2 and the area with concave curvature 6b of the chamfer 6 - in particular with a continuous transition - at least one further area 6d with convex curvature of the chamfer 6 is arranged.
- the additional convex area 6d Due to this additional convex area 6d, the embodiment according to FIG. 1 has not only three but four intersection points with the imaginary straight line GG starting from the cutting edge 4.
- these intersection points P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and F each mark approximately the beginning and end of a convex area (6a and 6d) and of the concave region 6b, wherein - in accordance with the above definition, the flat regions 6c are each included proportionately.
- the convex region 6a lies approximately between the point P 1 on the cutting edge 4 and the point P 2 in the central region of the tip section 3
- the concave region 6b lies approximately between the point P 2 in the central region of the tip section 3 and the point P 3 located in the tip section 3 near the base section 2.
- the convex area 6d lies approximately between the point P 3 , which is located in the tip section 3 near the base section 2, and the base point F.
- the bevel 6 thus - seen in cross section - not only an approximately S-shaped or - on the other side of the blade 5 shows an inverted S-shaped contour course, but even one - seen in cross section - double S-shaped or - on the other longitudinal side of the blade 5 reverse-double-S-shaped on.
- An average half wedge angle ⁇ ⁇ / 2 between the imaginary straight line G-G starting from the cutting edge 4 through the base point F at the transition from the tip section 3 to Base section 2 runs on the longitudinal side 5 of the blade, and the one running in the cutting direction S through the cutting edge 4 Center axis X-X can be in particular in the range of 15 ° to 45 °, preferably - as shown in Fig. 1 - at about 27 °.
- the blade 1 can have a thickness D in the region in the region from 0.3 to 2.5 mm, preferably about 0.7 mm, and the Tip section 3 can be vertical (in the cutting direction S running) length l in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 mm, preferably about 0.7 to 1.3 mm.
- the blade 1 can preferably be made from one, from the cutting edge 4 starting at least into the convex area 6a of the tip section 3 additionally remunerated Spring band steel exist.
- this remunerated area can the blade 1 in a preferred embodiment, in particular by an induction, flame or laser hardening and a subsequent one Temper, preferably at a temperature from 250 to 500 ° C, a hardness of 30 to 67 HRC.
- FIG. 2 A second embodiment of an inventive Cutting and scoring tool is shown in Fig. 2. This differs from the first version in that that the tip section 3 has a lower vertical has (running in the cutting direction S) length l and that which are formed symmetrically on both longitudinal sides of the blade 5 Chamfers 6 do not run parallel in sections.
- the forces that become effective are also exemplarily illustrated in FIG. 2.
- different values of the knife force F M * and the transverse force F Q * are present point by point along the chamfer 6, since the shape of the contour of the chamfer 6 is not constant.
- the sizes are each related to infinitesimally small values of the distance coordinate h running counter to the cutting direction S from the cutting edge 4 and are therefore to be regarded as force components.
- FIG. 2 shows in the convex region 6a of the symmetrically shaped chamfer 6 a wedge force F K * acting on the material to be machined, that of the invention.
- Cutting and scoring tool is applied at a point P.
- This wedge force F K * which is perpendicular to a tangent TT to the contour of the chamfer 6 through the point P, causes a frictional force F R * directed in the direction of the tangent TT to the cutting edge 4, which is the product of the wedge force F K * can be quantified with a sliding friction coefficient ⁇ .
- the superposition of the friction force F R * and the wedge force F K * results in a resulting wedge force F L * , which is at an angle ⁇ to the wedge force F K * , which can be calculated according to equation (2) above.
- the knife force F M * to be applied at point P for the cut or scoring is composed of the two symmetrically acting resulting wedge forces F L * , as can be seen from the parallel diagram of forces shown in FIG. 2 - for clarity in the lower area (shifted) .
- the resulting wedge forces F L * which are each at an angle ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ to the horizontal, have force components acting at right angles to the cutting direction S, which act as transverse forces F Q * and push the material to be separated sideways.
- the convex curvature in the first section 6a of the chamfer 6 is designed such that the ratio of the knife force F M * acting in the cutting direction S to the material to be cut in each case penetrates into the material to be cut transverse force F Q * acting at right angles to the cutting direction S decreases from the cutting edge 2 over the length h of the chamfer 6 measured in the cutting direction S from a maximum of approximately 100 to a minimum of approximately 0, preferably from a maximum of approximately 5 to a minimum of approximately 0.5.
- the cutting and scoring tool according to the invention Due to the convex design of the cutting wedge in the area of the chamfer 6, the cutting and scoring tool according to the invention has a comparatively higher strength of the blade 1 than known tools.
- the blade 1 can therefore not be damaged even with high cutting pressure, and in addition to improved dimensional accuracy, an extension of the tool life is also possible. An unclean cut edge in the punched good caused by knife damage is prevented.
- the concave curvature in the second section 6b of the chamfer 6 is designed such that the ratio of the knife force F M * acting in the cutting direction S to the material to be cut in each case transverse force F Q * acting at right angles to the cutting direction S increases from the cutting edge 4 over the length h of the chamfer 6 measured in the cutting direction S from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of approximately 100, preferably from a minimum of 0.5 to a maximum of approximately 5.
- the convex region 6a and / or the concave region 6b of the chamfer 6 can in each case be delimited, for example in a production-technically simple manner, by an arc section with a radius R, which is in each case approximately 0.1 to 15 times the value of the distance P 1 F between the cutting edge 2 and the base point F at the transition from the tip section 3 to the base section 2.
- this radius R can advantageously assume a value of approximately 1.0 mm in the convex region 6a.
- the respective values of such a radius R can differ from one another in the convex region 6a and in the concave region 6b.
- each tangent T -T applied in the direction of the cutting edge 4 to the chamfer 6 closes with the axis XX running in the cutting direction S through the cutting edge 4
- the cutting edge 4 each have a flat flattening 4a.
- this flat flattening 4a adjoins the cutting edge 4 the chamfer 6 created tangent T-T with the in the cutting direction S through the cutting edge 4 axis X-X an angle ⁇ / 2, which is exactly 90 °.
- This can advantageously the cutting edge 4 - for example when Dressing the tool according to the invention - highly stressed be without causing harmful tip deformations comes.
- a groove 4b be designed such that the cutting edge 4 over their entire length has two cutting edges 4c (fifth and sixth embodiment in Fig. 5 and 6).
- the cutting edge 4 can have a width b of approximately 0.005 up to 0.050 mm.
- the fillet 4b can preferably - As shown - at least one in its cross section include an arcuate section or by a circular arc-shaped section, the Diameter of the arcuate section of the fillet 4b corresponds at least to the width b of the cutting edge 4 and at most ten times, preferably at most about three to five times the width b of the cutting edge 4 can assume.
- Such an embodiment of the invention points in terms of force to be cut due to the two Cutting 4c with a long tool life an excellent cutting effect on. Since the cutting edge 4 has two support points on the material to be cut, on which the Distributed cutting force also occurs compared to one Cutting edge 4 with only one tip reduces wear on. The counter-punching plate is also protected. It has also been shown that with such an inventive Cutting and scoring tool a very small one Height tolerance of the blade can be achieved, which makes the Preparation of the dies (carrier plates) simplified and shortens the necessary preparation time. Another advantage exists - especially with a ground flank - in that by the cutting and scoring tool according to the invention a "lint free" cut is made that the quality requirements for the cut goods will do justice.
- a rounding 4d (seventh and eighth embodiment in FIGS. 7 and 8) can be provided on the cutting edge 4. Even with such a design, the cutting edge 4 can be subjected to high loads without causing harmful tip deformations.
- the radius of the rounding can advantageously be in a range from less than 10 ⁇ m to greater than 15/100 mm.
- the values of the pressure load on the cutting edge 4 thus remain far below the permissible limit load of approximately 1100 N / mm 2 .
- At least one further area 6e with concave curvature of the chamfer 6 can be arranged with a continuous transition, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 (ninth and tenth embodiments of the invention).
- a region 6e can be produced, for example, by hollow grinding. Due to the additional concave region 6e, for example, the embodiment according to FIG. 9 has not only four but five intersection points with the imaginary straight line GG starting from the cutting edge 4. These are the points P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 and F.
- the additional concave area 6e lies approximately between the points P 1 and P 4 , the convex area 6a between the points P 4 and P 2 , while the end and start points of the remaining areas 6b and 6d lie exactly as in the first and second exemplary embodiments described above (existing flat areas 6c - FIG. 9 - are proportionally attributed to the convex and concave areas 6a, 6b.)
- At least one Area of the chamfer 6 has a flat contour.
- this area can be that of the first embodiment act described area 6c, in which the trained symmetrically on both sides of the blade 5 Chamfers 6 run parallel in sections and which are in Direction towards the base section 2 towards the convex Connect area 6a.
- - such as in the embodiments in Fig. 11 and 12 shown - areas 6f with a flat contour between the concave portion 6b of the tip portion 3 and the base section 2, in particular on the Foot point F, extend.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show such however, sometimes less pronounced flat areas 6f.
- a flat region 6f runs from Starting point F (there in an unspecified one Angle of approximately 15 ° to the cutting direction S)) the concave area 6b and continuously merges into it.
- Fig. 12 shows a peculiarity that in some Special cases can occur, namely that the straight line G-G sectionally coincides with the contour of the chamfer 6.
- one or more areas 6g, 6h of the chamfer 6 with a flat contour can also be arranged between the cutting edge 4 and the convex area 6a of the chamfer 6, as is the case with the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 to 8 and 13 to 16 demonstrate.
- the friction force F M * assumes a minimum value in the parallel areas 6g.
- these areas 6g in addition to the contour course of the chamfer 6 according to the invention, additionally promote what is known as "self-leveling", ie height tolerance compensation over the entire length of a tool according to the invention clamped in a punching device.
- self-leveling ie height tolerance compensation over the entire length of a tool according to the invention clamped in a punching device.
- up to five intersection points P 1 to P 5 can even occur in the contour of the chamfer 6, as shown in FIG. 14, with the straight line GG.
- the convex area 6a does not intersect the straight line GG.
- Figs. 17 and 18 have large ones Similarity to the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 11 and 12 on.
- the middle half Wedge angle ⁇ ⁇ / 2 between the imaginary, from the cutting edge 4 outgoing straight line G-G, which passes through the base point F am Transition from tip section 3 to base section 2 at the Blade length side 5 runs, and in the cutting direction S through the cutting edge 4 center axis X-X at 17 and 18 is larger.
- the convex Area 6a or concave area 6b can be the respective length of the convex Area 6a or concave area 6b with advantage about 5 to 95 percent of the length l of the tip section 3 amount, the flat areas 6c, 6f, 6h on the respective length of the convex area 6a and / or concave area 6b advantageously about 0 to 85 percent can be involved.
- the contours described above and shown in figures the chamfer 6 can be machined by scraping and / or at least partially produce by grinding. Also a surface treatment by etching and Eroding is alternatively or additionally advantageous possible. In particular, scraping is preferred wherein a blank for the inventive to be manufactured Tool to form the chamfer in the longitudinal direction pulled at least one hard metal tool or the like whose negative contour is the chamfer course of the tool equivalent.
- the negative contour acting as a patrix for the chamfer 6 can be extremely precise e.g. by electroerosive removal, such as wire EDM, be generated.
- the surface of the blade 1, in particular that of the tip section 3, can be an additional finishing experienced by applying a functional layer.
- a lubricating lacquer coating evaporation with titanium nitride, tungsten carbide plating, a coating with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a similar measure can be provided.
- Such functional layers reduce friction and increase the corrosion and wear resistance of the tool according to the invention.
- the invention is not limited to the foregoing Embodiments.
- the blade longitudinal sides 5 with their chamfers 6 also can optionally be formed asymmetrically to each other.
- the concave and / or convex curvature of the chamfer 6 does not have to run in a circular arc, but can also be part an ellipse or a geometric curve with curvature (Parabola, e-function) can be executed without the Is left within the scope of the invention.
- the person skilled in the art can take additional measures for Improving the cutting behavior of an inventive Provide tools such as the length of the Tip section 3, especially in the area of the cutting edge 4, distributed perforations, curls and / or Serrations.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
Description
- Einhaltung der geometrisch genauen Schnittfläche;
- keine, z.B. durch Messerbeschädigungen verursachte, Streifenbildung in Schnittrichtung;
- keine, z.B. durch wechselnde Härte über die Höhe eines zu schneidenden Stapels hervorgerufenen, wellenartigen Ausbuchtungen;
- minimale Rauheit der Schnittfläche;
- keine Rißbildung bzw. Bersten vor der Schneidkante;
- minimaler Anfall von Schneidstaub, als dessen Hauptursache eine zu hohe Rauheit des Schneidwerkzeugs angesehen wird.
- hohe Schneidhaltigkeit, und zwar
- eine sehr geringe Höhentoleranz der Klinge, weil die Schneidkante genau linear sowie parallel zu der Ebene des zu schneidenden und/oder zu ritzenden Materials verlaufen muß;
- Maßhaltigkeit der Fase;
- geringe, aber hinsichtlich der Herstellungskosten optimierte Rauheit der Klinge;
- hohe Standzeit des Werkzeugs durch
- Festigkeit der Klinge - insbesondere darf diese auch bei überhöhtem Schneiddruck nicht beschädigt werden;
- Härte der Klinge zur Gewährleistung einer hohen Verschleißfestigkeit;
- Gewährleistung eines optimalen Ablaufs des Schneidvorgangs
hinsichtlich
- eines schneidenden (nicht drückenden) Eindringens in das Stanzgut;
- eines geringen Stanzdruckes durch minimalen Schnittwiderstand und kleine Reibungskräfte beim Schneiden;
- möglichst niedriger Herstellungsaufwand;
- kurze Zurichtzeiten bei der Bemesserung der Stanzformen.
- 1
- Klinge
- 2
- Basisabschnitt
- 3
- Spitzenabschnitt
- 4
- Schneidkante
- 4a
- Abplattung an 4
- 4b
- Hohlkehle an 4
- 4c
- Schneide an 4b
- 4d
- Verrundung an 4
- 5
- Klingenlängsseite
- 6
- Fase
- 6a
- konvexer Bereich von 6
- 6b
- konkaver Bereich von 6
- 6c
- ebener Bereich mit Parallelverlauf zwischen 6a und 6b
- 6d
- zusätzlicher konvexer Bereich von 6 bei 2
- 6e
- zusätzlicher konkaver Bereich zwischen 4 und 6a
- 6f
- ebener Bereich zwischen 6b und 3
- 6g
- ebener Bereich mit Parallelverlauf zwischen 4 und 6a
- 6h
- ebener Bereich zwischen 4 und 6a
- b
- Breite von 4b
- D
- Dicke von 1 (im Bereich von 2)
- F
- Fußpunkt am Übergang von 3 zu 2
- FK *
- Keilkraft (rechtwinklig zu T-T)
- FL *
- aus FR * und FR * resultierende Keilkraft
- FM *
- Messerkraft
- FR *
- Reibungskraft
- FQ *
- Querkraft
- h
- Längenkoordinate für 3
- 1
- Länge von 3
- P
- Kraftangriffspunkt auf 6
- P1
- Schnittpunkt von 6 mit G-G
- P2
- Schnittpunkt von 6 mit G-G
- P3
- Schnittpunkt von 6 mit G-G
- P4
- Schnittpunkt von 6 mit G-G
- R
- Radius von 6a, 6b
- S
- Schnittrichtung
- T-T
- Tangente an 6
- X-X
- Mittenachse von 1
- β
- Keilwinkel
- γ
- Winkel zwischen G-G und X-X
- µ
- Reibungszahl
- ρ
- Reibungswinkel
Claims (25)
- Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug, vorzugsweise für den Druckschnitt, bestehend aus einer Klinge (1), die einen Basisabschnitt (2) und einen sich an den Basisabschnitt (2) anschließenden keilförmigen, in ein zu schneidendes oder zu ritzendes Material eindringenden Spitzenabschnitt (3) mit einer Schneidkante (4) und mit mindestens sich von der Schneidkante (4) ausgehend bis zu einem Fußpunkt (F) am Übergang vom Spitzenabschnitt (3) zum Basisabschnitt (2) über eine Länge (I) erstreckenden, an der Schneidkante (4) einen Keilwinkel (β) bildenden Fase (6) aufweist, wobei der Keilwinkel (β) mit Hilfe einer an die Fase (6) in Richtung an die Schneidkante (4) angelegten Tangente (T-T) definiert ist und wobei die Fase (6) einen Bereich (6a) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konvexer Krümmung aufweist, welcher in der Nähe der Schneidkante (4) angeordnet ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fase (6) mindestens zwei stetig ineinander übergehende in das Schneidgut eindringende Bereiche (6a, 6b) aufweist, den ersten Bereich (6a) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konvexer Krümmung und einen zweiten Bereich (6b) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konkaver Krümmung, welcher in der Nähe des Basisabschnitts (2) angeordnet ist, wobei die beiden Bereiche (6a, 6b) derart ausgebildet sind, daß die Fase (6) - im Querschnitt gesehen - zumindest abschnittsweise einen in Abhängigkeit von ihrer jeweiligen Seitenanordnung am Spitzenabschnitt (3) etwa S-förmigen oder umgekehrt S-förmigen Konturverlauf aufweist, der durch eine gedachte, von der Schneidkante (4) ausgehende durch den Fußpunkt (F) verlaufende Gerade (G-G) in mindestens drei Punkten (F, P1, P2) geschnitten wird, und zwar an der Schneidkante (P1), am Fußpunkt (F) und an mindestens einem dazwischen liegenden Punkt (P2). - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die konvexe Krümmung in dem ersten Abschnitt (6a) der Fase (6) derart ausgebildet ist, daß beim Eindringen in das zu schneidende Gut jeweils das Verhältnis einer in Schnittrichtung (S) wirkenden Messerkraft (FM *) zu einer rechtwinklig zur Schnittrichtung (S) wirkenden Querkraft (FQ *) von der Schneidkante (2) ausgehend über die in Schnittrichtung (S) gemessenene Länge (h) der Fase (6) von maximal etwa 100 auf minimal etwa 0, vorzugsweise von maximal etwa 5 auf minimal etwa 0,5, abnimmt.
- Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die konkave Krümmung in dem zweiten Abschnitt (6b) der Fase (6) derart ausgebildet ist, daß beim Eindringen in das zu schneidende Gut jeweils das Verhältnis einer in Schnittrichtung (S) wirkenden Messerkraft (FM *) zu einer rechtwinklig zur Schnittrichtung (S) wirkenden Querkraft (FQ *) von der Schneidkante (4) ausgehend über die in Schnittrichtung (S) gemessenene Länge (h) der Fase (6) von minimal 0 auf maximal etwa 100, vorzugsweise von minimal 0,5 auf maximal etwa 5, zunimmt. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der keilförmige Spitzenabschnitt (3) mit jeweils der Fase (6) auf jeder Klingenlängsseite (5) hinsichtlich einer in Schnittrichtung (S) durch die Schneidkante (4) verlaufenden Mittenachse (X-X) symmetrisch ausgebildet. ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die symmetrisch auf beiden Klingenlängsseiten (5) ausgebildeten Fasen (6) abschnittsweise (6c, 6g) parallel zueinander verlaufen. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
gekennzeichnet durch eine hinsichtlich einer in Schnittrichtung (F) durch die Schneidkante (2) verlaufenden Achse asymmetrische Ausbildung. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klinge (1) im Basisabschnitt (2) eine Dicke (D) im Bereich von 0,3 bis 2,5 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 0,7 mm, aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spitzenabschnitt (3) eine vertikale (in Schnittrichtung verlaufende) Länge im Bereich von 0,5 bis 3,5 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 0,7 bis 1,3 mm, aufweist.
- Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mittlerer halber Keilwinkel (γ) zwischen einer gedachten, von der Schneidkante (4) ausgehenden Gerade (G-G), die durch einen Fußpunkt (F) am Übergang vom Spitzenabschnitt (3) zum Basisabschnitt (2) an der Klingenlägsseite (5) verläuft, und einer in Schnittrichtung (S) durch die Schneidkante (4) verlaufenden Mittenachse (X-X) im Bereich von 15° bis 45°, vorzugsweise bei etwa 27°, liegt. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der konvexe und/oder konkave Bereich (6a, 6b) der Fase (6) jeweils durch einen Kreisbogenabschnitt mit einem Radius (R) begrenzt ist, der etwa den 0,1- bis 15-fachen Wert der Länge einer geraden Strecke (FP1) zwischen der Schneidkante (4) und einem Fußpunkt (F) am Übergang vom Spitzenabschnitt (3) zum Basisabschnitt (2) aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidkante (4) spitz ausgebildet ist, d.h. daß eine in Richtung der Schneidkante (4) an die Fase (6) angelegte Tangente (T-T) oder bei Vorliegen eines ebenen Fasenbereichs (6h) die Fase (6) selbst mit einer in Schnittrichtung (S) durch die Schneidkante (4) verlaufenden Achse (X-X) einen Winkel (β/2) einschließt, der kleiner als 90° ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidkante (4) eine Verrundung (4d) aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schneidkante (4) eine ebene Abplattung (4a) aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Schneidkante (4) in Längsrichtung der Klinge (1) eine Hohlkehle (4b) derart ausgebildet ist, daß die Schneidkante (4) über ihre gesamte Länge zwei Schneiden (4c) aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Schneidkante (4) und dem Bereich (6a) mit konvexer Krümmung der Fase (6) mit stetigem Übergang mindestens ein weiterer Bereich (6e) mit konkaver Krümmung der Fase (6), beispielsweise erzeugt durch einen Hohlschliff, angeordnet ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Schneidkante (4) und dem Basisabschnitt (2) mindestens ein Bereich (6c, 6f, 6g, 6h) der Fase (6) einen ebenen Konturverlauf aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach Anspruch 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Bereich (6g, 6h) der Fase (6) mit ebenem Konturverlauf zwischen der Schneidkante (4) und dem konvexen Bereich (6a) der Fase (6) angeordnet ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der dem Basisabschnitt (2) und dem Bereich (6b) mit konkaver Krümmung der Fase (6) insbesondere mit stetigem Übergang mindestens ein weiterer Bereich (6d) mit konvexer Krümmung der Fase (6) angeordnet ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klinge (1) aus einem, von der Schneidkante (4) ausgehend zumindest bis in den konvexen Bereich (6a) des Spitzenabschnittes (3) hinein zusätzlich vergüteten Federbandstahl besteht, und im vergüteten Bereich, insbesondere durch eine Induktions-, Flamm- oder Laserhärtung eine Härte von 30 bis 67 HRC aufweist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fase (6) geschabt, geschliffen, geätzt und/oder erodiert ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Oberfläche der Klinge (1), insbesondere auf die Oberfläche des Spitzenabschnitts (3), eine korrosionshemmende, reibungs- und/oder verschleißmindernde funktionelle Schicht, wie durch eine Gleitlackbeschichtung, eine Bedampfung mit Titannitrid, eine Wolframcarbid-Plattierung, eine Beschichtung mit Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) o.ä., aufgetragen ist. - Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über die Länge des Spitzenabschnitts (3), insbesondere im Bereich der Schneidkante (4), Perforierungen, Wellungen und/oder Zahnungen verteilt sind. - Verwendung eines Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeuges, vorzugsweise für den Druckschnitt, wobei das Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug aus einer Klinge (1) besteht, die einen Basisabschnitt (2) und einen sich an den Basisabschnitt (2) anschließenden keilförmigen, in ein zu schneidendes oder zu ritzendes Material eindringenden Spitzenabschnitt (3) mit einer Schneidkante (4) und mit mindestens sich von der Schneidkante (4) ausgehend bis zu einem Fußpunkt (F) am Übergang vom Spitzenabschnitt (3) zum Basisabschnitt (2) über eine Länge (I) erstreckenden, an der Schneidkante (4) einen Keilwinkel (β) bildenden Fase (6) aufweist, wobei der Keilwinkel (β) mit Hilfe einer an die Fase (6) in Richtung an die Schneidkante (4) angelegten Tangente (T-T) definiert ist und wobei die Fase (6) einen Bereich (6a) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konvexer Krümmung aufweist, welcher in der Nähe der Schneidkante (4) angeordnet ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fase (6) mindestens zwei stetig ineinander übergehende Bereichen (6a, 6b) aufweist, den ersten Bereich (6a) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konvexer Krümmung und einen zweiten Bereich (6b), mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konkaver Krümmung, welcher in der Nähe des Basisabschnitts (2) angeordnet ist, wobei der Schnitt beim Schneiden oder Ritzen über die gesamte Länge (1) der Fase (6) und dabei über eine in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Seitenanordnung der Fase (6) am Spitzenabschnitt (3) etwa S-förmige oder umgekehrt S-förmige Kontur der Fase (6) verläuft, d.h. zuerst über den Bereich (6a) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konvexer Krümmung und danach über den Bereich (6b) mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - konkaver Krümmung. - Verwendung nach Anspruch 23,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine gedachte, von der Schneidkante (2) ausgehende Gerade (G-G), die durch einen Fußpunkt (F) am Übergang vom Spitzenabschnitt (3) zum Basisabschnitt (2) an der Klingenlängsseite (5) verläuft, die Kontur der Fase (6) in mindestens drei Punkten (F, P1, P2) schneidet. - Verwendung eines werkzenges nach einem der Ansprüche 3-22.
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DE29922281U | 1999-12-20 | ||
DE29922281U DE29922281U1 (de) | 1999-12-20 | 1999-12-20 | Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug |
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AT5545U1 (de) | 2001-09-13 | 2002-08-26 | Technoplast Kunststofftechnik | Vorrichtung zum spanlosen trennen von kunststoffprofilen |
GB0215862D0 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2002-08-14 | Ucb Sa | Packaging film |
DE102007031904B4 (de) * | 2006-08-15 | 2012-01-26 | Essmann + Schaefer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Schneid- und/oder Ritzwerkzeug |
DE102009013117A1 (de) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-23 | Karl Marbach Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biegelinien in einem Materialbogen sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
CN110000819A (zh) * | 2019-04-13 | 2019-07-12 | 张家港市文锋机械有限公司 | 一种塑料管材无屑切割的刀具 |
DE102020100263A1 (de) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-08 | Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh | Perforiermesser mit Crimpfläche |
CN117841057A (zh) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-09 | 深圳市能华钨钢科技有限公司 | 一种加工半导体材料用超薄钝化刀片 |
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US2211213A (en) * | 1938-11-19 | 1940-08-13 | Independent Die And Supply Com | Die stock and die made therefrom |
DE2311078A1 (de) * | 1973-03-06 | 1974-09-12 | Hannoversche Gummier Anstalt A | Stanzmesser |
US4002092A (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1977-01-11 | B & M Die Co., Inc. | Compound angle cutting edge and method of using same |
DE7905247U1 (de) * | 1979-02-24 | 1989-03-30 | Winkler & Dünnebier Maschinenfabrik und Eisengießerei KG, 5450 Neuwied | Schneidwalze zur Erzeugung profilierter Innen-und Außenschnitte |
DK149424C (da) * | 1981-07-10 | 1986-11-17 | Bording Grafik As | Stanseapparat til udstansning af emner med kurvede eller buede kanter fra arkformet materiale, navnlig etiketter og lignende tryksagsemner |
DE3919536A1 (de) * | 1989-06-15 | 1990-12-20 | Rolf Karl Stursberg Fa | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von schneid- und ritzwerkzeugen |
CH680842A5 (de) * | 1989-09-22 | 1992-11-30 | Electro Optic Ag | |
DE4443613C1 (de) * | 1994-12-07 | 1996-04-25 | Wolfgang Prof Dr Ing Grebe | Stanzmesser mit verrundeter Schneide |
DE29609877U1 (de) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-10-02 | Hofer, Helmut, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 81929 München | Druckschneidemesser |
DE29616585U1 (de) * | 1996-09-24 | 1998-01-29 | Essmann & Schaefer GmbH & Co. KG, 42369 Wuppertal | Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug |
JPH10175200A (ja) * | 1996-12-18 | 1998-06-30 | Tsukatani Hamono Seisakusho:Kk | フレキシブル押切刃型とその製造方法 |
DE29809958U1 (de) * | 1998-06-04 | 1998-08-27 | Essmann + Schaefer GmbH + Co. KG, 42369 Wuppertal | Schneid- und Ritzwerkzeug |
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1999
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