EP1108830A1 - Schalrohr und Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Bauelementen - Google Patents
Schalrohr und Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Bauelementen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1108830A1 EP1108830A1 EP99125030A EP99125030A EP1108830A1 EP 1108830 A1 EP1108830 A1 EP 1108830A1 EP 99125030 A EP99125030 A EP 99125030A EP 99125030 A EP99125030 A EP 99125030A EP 1108830 A1 EP1108830 A1 EP 1108830A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- tear strip
- formwork
- plastic
- cardboard
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
- B28B7/364—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article of plastic material or rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
- B28B7/342—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials which are at least partially destroyed, e.g. broken, molten, before demoulding; Moulding surfaces or spaces shaped by, or in, the ground, or sand or soil, whether bound or not; Cores consisting at least mainly of sand or soil, whether bound or not
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
- E04G13/02—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for columns or like pillars; Special tying or clamping means therefor
- E04G13/021—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for columns or like pillars; Special tying or clamping means therefor for circular columns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a formwork tube for concreting of columns, supports and similar components, with one two-layer pipe wall, the outer layer of which is made of cardboard and its inner layer is seamless and rigid made of plastic and with the outer Layer is firmly connected.
- the invention also relates to a procedure for striking and stripping columns, supports and similar devices using one Scarf tube.
- Cardboard formwork tubes have long been used for concreting Columns, supports, pillars and similar components are used.
- the formwork tubes are made of several superimposed paper strips or layers wound spirally. by virtue of this spiral winding is created on the inside and spiraling on the outside of the formwork tube Seams between the individual strips of paper.
- Will be one Formwork tube for the manufacture of a column or the like with Filled with concrete the existing ones are formed on the inside of the pipe Seams on the outside of the resulting component which is often perceived as annoying with a concrete visible surface is required and corresponding rework is required.
- Furthermore can also change the fiber structure of the inside of the cardboard tube map on the outside of the concrete part, and it can even paper fibers stick to the concrete surface.
- US 4,957,270 is a spiral wound formwork tube made of cardboard or paper on the inside of a sheet of paper covered, which covers the spiral seams.
- this paper sheet On inside is this paper sheet with a thin moisture-proof plastic layer coated.
- the fiber structure of the paper sheet is deliberately pushed through through the thin plastic layer and forms on the Surface of the concrete component.
- the inner wall formed by the sheet of paper on the merged, opposite paper sheet edges one Seam that is reflected in the concrete surface.
- the paper sheet is attached to this seam with an adhesive strip held together, which is also in the concrete surface pulls the trigger.
- the present invention has the object based on improving a generic formwork tube so that neither through the formwork tube itself nor through the stripping process Imprints in the surface of the concrete element or damage.
- this object is achieved with a formwork tube type mentioned solved in that on the inner surface the cardboard layer one in the longitudinal direction of the tube over the entire Pipe-length tear strip is attached, with which the cardboard layer is tearable, that the plastic is a thermoplastic and the plastic layer is the tear strip completely covered, the material of the Tear strip is chosen so that it from the plastic layer remains detachable, and that the tear strip in its width direction is rigid and its width is chosen so that by tearing in the cardboard layer resulting gap the heat-emitting part of a Heating device is feasible.
- a method is also used to achieve the object for striking and stripping columns, supports and similar Components proposed in the formwork Formwork tube according to the invention is used and in the Strip the cardboard layer open with the tear strip is the heat-emitting part of a heater in the created gap in the cardboard layer and the Plastic layer is heated, the heated soft plastic layer with a blunt object and then the formwork tube is removed from the component.
- the measures according to the invention make concrete surfaces achieved that contain no unwanted prints and also have no scratch marks or similar damage, that can arise when stripping. With that on the Tear strips attached to the inner wall of the cardboard layer the cardboard layer can easily be torn open when stripping be, with the tearing of the tear strip from a corresponding cardboard strip is torn out of the cardboard layer becomes.
- the tear strip separates accordingly selected material easily from the thermoplastic Plastic layer. Since the tear strip in his Width direction essentially maintains its initial shape and its width is suitably chosen, can be in the gap Tear strip and the cardboard strip torn from it leave a heating element with which the plastic layer that the finished concrete element still encloses and according to the invention from a thermoplastic Material is formed, is heated. Due to the Warming softens the thermoplastic. He can be separated with a blunt object without Any scratches or streaks appear in the concrete surface.
- the tear strip is preferably a plastic tape.
- the tear strip can have one on its longitudinal edges have continuous wire. Because of the cutting effect of the two parallel wires can be formed with one Tear strips the cardboard layer more easily torn open or a cardboard strip is more easily torn out of this.
- the tear strip an adhesive tape.
- the tear strip can then be opened the inner wall of the cardboard layer will be glued, causing the manufacturing cost is reduced.
- the Tear strips at least from one pipe end to the outside out to form a gripping section. On This ensures that the cardboard layer is torn open quickly.
- the width of the tear strip is preferably at least 10 mm. In many cases this is sufficient large gap for the passage of the heat emitting Part of a heater created.
- thermoplastic Polyurethane doesn't just make a smooth concrete surface generated, but it also exhibits a relative low softening point and is easy to dispose of, because it can be burned like paper, for example.
- thermoplastic especially polyurethane
- a blowtorch can advantageously be used. hereby the technical effort for stripping is kept low.
- a knife back is used to safely cut and scratch marks to avoid.
- a Formwork tube 1 has a cylindrical tube wall 2, which consists of a radially outer layer 3 of paper or cardboard and a radially inner plastic layer 4 is formed is.
- the radially outer cardboard layer 3 is made up of a number paper strips lying next to and on top of each other in a spiral wound and forms an inner wall 5 with a predetermined Diameter.
- the inside diameter is preferably in the range between 250 mm and 800 mm.
- In the inner wall 5 run butt joints between the side by side lying paper strips.
- the spiral wound paper strips are glued together.
- the number of one above the other lying paper layers is adapted to the respective requirements, to have sufficient strength and rigidity To reach cardboard layer.
- a tear strip 6, which in example shown an approximately 18 mm wide plastic tape is, e.g. a 3M Scotch plastic tape.
- the plastic band 6 is coated on one side with an adhesive and on the Glued inner wall 5 of the cardboard layer 3.
- the plastic band 6 extends over the entire length of the formwork tube 1 and protrudes outwards at a pipe end by a predetermined one Length out of the pipe.
- the outstanding length of the plastic strap 6 is long enough for easy grasping to ensure the plastic band 6, and on the outside the cardboard layer 3 glued. For example, the outstanding Length be 0.5 m.
- a polyurethane layer is on the inner wall 5 of the cardboard layer 3 4 applied by centrifugal casting, so that the polyurethane layer 4 no seams or other unwanted Has elevations or depressions that are on the surface of the component to be concreted.
- the thickness of the polyurethane layer 4 is chosen so that the spiral seams bridged in the inner wall 5 of the cardboard layer 3 are and the plastic tape 6 fully embedded and is covered so that neither the spiral seams nor the Plastic tape 6 still the fiber structure of the cardboard layer 3 in map the surface of the concrete part.
- the material of the plastic band 6 is on the polyurethane layer 4 in the way that it is not fixed with this connects, but is easily separable from it.
- At the radially inner wall 7 of the thermoplastic layer 4 can also additional (not shown) Formwork elements are attached to cavities in the concrete, for example for sockets to train.
- Gap 8 formed in the cardboard layer 3 can (not shown) heating element, for example a blowtorch, be passed through until it rests on the plastic layer 4 or at least in the vicinity.
- the plastic layer 4 is now heated along the gap 8 and softens due to their thermoplastic properties.
- the warmed soft Plastic layer 4 is now covered with a blunt object, e.g. a knife back or a blunt knife edge, cut along the entire length of the formwork tube 1.
- the separated formwork tube 1 is then from the concrete component decreased.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- eine Endansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schalrohrs;
- Figur 2
- eine vergrößerte Ansicht des Details I aus Figur 1 und
- Figur 3
- eine der Figur 2 ähnliche Ansicht im aufgerissenen Zustand der Pappschicht.
Claims (10)
- Schalrohr zum Betonieren von Säulen, Stützen und ähnlichen Bauteilen, mit einer zweischichtigen Rohrwand, deren äußere Schicht aus Pappe hergestellt ist und deren innere Schicht nahtlos und verformungssteif aus Kunststoff gebildet und mit der äußeren Schicht fest verbunden ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßauf der Innenwandung (5) der Pappschicht (3) ein in Rohrlängsrichtung über die gesamte Rohrlänge verlaufender Aufreißstreifen (6) angebracht ist, mit dem die Pappschicht (3) aufreißbar ist,daß der Kunststoff ein Thermoplast ist und die Kunststoffschicht (4) den Aufreißstreifen (6) vollständig überdeckt, wobei das Material des Aufreißstreifens (6) so gewählt ist, daß dieser von der Kunststoffschicht (4) lösbar ist unddaß der Aufreißstreifen (6) in seiner Breitenrichtung verformungssteif ist und seine Breite so gewählt ist, daß durch den beim Aufreißen in der Pappschicht (3) entstehenden Spalt (8) der wärmeabgebende Teil einer Heizeinrichtung führbar ist. - Schalrohr nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufreißstreifen ein Kunststoffband (6) ist.
- Schalrohr nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufreißstreifen (6) an seinen Längsrändern jeweils einen durchlaufenden Draht aufweist.
- Schalrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufreißstreifen (6) ein Klebestreifen ist.
- Schalrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufreißstreifen (6) aus zumindest einem Rohrende nach außen herausragt, um einen Abschnitt zum Ergreifen auszubilden.
- Schalrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Breite des Aufreißstreifens (6) mindestens 10 mm beträgt.
- Schalrohr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Thermoplast Polyurethan ist.
- Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Säulen, Stützen und ähnlichen Bauteilen, mit dem
Verwenden eines Schalrohrs (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 zum Einschalen
und mit den folgenden Schritten beim Ausschalen:Aufreißen der Pappschicht (3) mit dem Aufreißstreifen (6);Einführen des wärmeabgebenden Teils einer Heizeinrichtung in den entstandenen Spalt (8) in der Pappschicht (3) und Erwärmen der Kunststoffschicht (4);Auftrennen der erwärmten weichen Kunststoffschicht (4) mit einem stumpfen Gegenstand undAbnehmen des Schalrohrs (1) vom Bauelement. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Heizeinrichtung eine Lötlampe verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als stumpfer Gegenstand ein Messerrücken verwendet wird.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99125030A EP1108830B1 (de) | 1999-12-15 | 1999-12-15 | Schalrohr und Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Bauelementen |
AT99125030T ATE208851T1 (de) | 1999-12-15 | 1999-12-15 | Schalrohr und verfahren zum ein- und ausschalen von bauelementen |
DE59900655T DE59900655D1 (de) | 1999-12-15 | 1999-12-15 | Schalrohr und Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Bauelementen |
ES99125030T ES2167985T3 (es) | 1999-12-15 | 1999-12-15 | Tubo de encofrado y procedimiento para encofrar y desencofrar elementos constructivos. |
US09/651,868 US6467749B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2000-08-31 | Concrete column forming tube having a tear strip therein |
CA002326014A CA2326014C (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2000-11-15 | Concrete column forming tube having a tear strip therein |
PL00344515A PL344515A1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2000-12-13 | Tube for in-situ casting a concrete column |
NO20006368A NO316030B1 (no) | 1999-12-15 | 2000-12-14 | Rörformet stöpeform for å stöpe betongsöyler og liknende strukturelle elementer, samt fremgangsmåte for å fjerne stöpeformen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99125030A EP1108830B1 (de) | 1999-12-15 | 1999-12-15 | Schalrohr und Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Bauelementen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1108830A1 true EP1108830A1 (de) | 2001-06-20 |
EP1108830B1 EP1108830B1 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
Family
ID=8239623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99125030A Expired - Lifetime EP1108830B1 (de) | 1999-12-15 | 1999-12-15 | Schalrohr und Verfahren zum Ein- und Ausschalen von Bauelementen |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6467749B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1108830B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE208851T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2326014C (de) |
DE (1) | DE59900655D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2167985T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO316030B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL344515A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102912976A (zh) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-02-06 | 吴士传 | 现浇罗马柱的塑制模具 |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7174680B2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2007-02-13 | Sme Steel Contractors, Inc. | Bearing brace apparatus |
US20050066592A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-31 | Huber Donald G. | Forming apparatus and method for constructing concrete columns |
US20060016150A1 (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-01-26 | Andre Fournier | Paperboard formwork and method for forming concrete structures |
CN100422484C (zh) * | 2004-07-27 | 2008-10-01 | 邱则有 | 一种筒状模具 |
US20060180733A1 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-17 | Van De Camp Johannes W | Transparent construction form |
US20080128583A1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-06-05 | Doug Smoljo | Form and method and apparatus for making a form |
US8313080B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2012-11-20 | Abzac Canada Inc. | Retaining device for assembling two panels, recyclable formwork for forming a concrete structure and packaging assembly using the same |
US8083203B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2011-12-27 | Abzac Canada Inc. | Retaining device for assembling two panels, recyclable formwork for forming a concrete structure and packaging assembly using the same |
US7874540B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2011-01-25 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Concrete form for pouring non-round columns, and method of making same |
US20090233054A1 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-09-17 | Brent Condie | Material Curing Constructions and Methods for Curing Material |
DE102012104661B4 (de) | 2012-05-30 | 2018-03-29 | Max Frank Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schalungsrohres aus Flachmaterial durch Spiralwickeln auf einer Sprialwickelmaschine sowie Schalungsrohr |
CN103089005A (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-05-08 | 中天建设集团有限公司 | 一种施工中用于现场浇灌水泥柱的简易模具 |
KR101466347B1 (ko) | 2013-11-06 | 2014-11-27 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 제거 용이한 지관, 이를 이용한 물품 및 물품의 연속 사용방법 |
TWI623672B (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2018-05-11 | 財團法人國家實驗研究院 | Composite pipe for supporting structure and preparation method thereof |
US11420383B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 | 2022-08-23 | General Electric Company | System and method for additively manufacturing components using containment walls |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2677165A (en) | 1950-10-27 | 1954-05-04 | Sonoco Products Co | Concrete form and method of molding concrete columns therewith |
US4595168A (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1986-06-17 | Perma Tubes Ltd. | Plastic lined paper form for casting concrete columns |
DE8905989U1 (de) | 1989-05-14 | 1989-07-06 | Construmat Ag, Hegnau-Volketswil | Schalrohr |
US4957270A (en) | 1989-01-05 | 1990-09-18 | Sonoco Products Company | Concrete column forming tube |
WO1993014287A1 (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-22 | Di Cosmo, Patrick | Form for casting building elements |
DE29518077U1 (de) * | 1995-11-15 | 1996-03-21 | Max Frank Gmbh & Co Kg, 94339 Leiblfing | Säulenschalung |
US5874016A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1999-02-23 | Sonoco Products Company | Concrete column forming tube having a smooth inside coated surface |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2914833A (en) | 1956-11-26 | 1959-12-01 | Sonoco Products Co | Paper tube for forming concrete columns and the like having an overlapped inner ply with a coating material thereon |
US3020615A (en) * | 1958-11-26 | 1962-02-13 | Alfred H Peters | Conduit molding form |
US3644611A (en) * | 1970-07-08 | 1972-02-22 | Howard M Wiles | Art of removing fiber forms from concrete columns |
US4767095A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1988-08-30 | Fitzgerald John M | Concrete column form |
US5043033A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1991-08-27 | Fyfe Edward R | Process of improving the strength of existing concrete support columns |
US5328142A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1994-07-12 | Sonoco Products Company | Concrete column forming tube |
BR9904768A (pt) * | 1998-02-26 | 2000-03-08 | Jose Manuel Valero Salinas | Forma de concreto não reutilizável para colunas. |
US6220564B1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-04-24 | James Costello | Concrete column forming tube |
-
1999
- 1999-12-15 DE DE59900655T patent/DE59900655D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-15 EP EP99125030A patent/EP1108830B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-15 AT AT99125030T patent/ATE208851T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-15 ES ES99125030T patent/ES2167985T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-31 US US09/651,868 patent/US6467749B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-15 CA CA002326014A patent/CA2326014C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-13 PL PL00344515A patent/PL344515A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-14 NO NO20006368A patent/NO316030B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2677165A (en) | 1950-10-27 | 1954-05-04 | Sonoco Products Co | Concrete form and method of molding concrete columns therewith |
US4595168A (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1986-06-17 | Perma Tubes Ltd. | Plastic lined paper form for casting concrete columns |
US4957270A (en) | 1989-01-05 | 1990-09-18 | Sonoco Products Company | Concrete column forming tube |
DE8905989U1 (de) | 1989-05-14 | 1989-07-06 | Construmat Ag, Hegnau-Volketswil | Schalrohr |
WO1993014287A1 (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-22 | Di Cosmo, Patrick | Form for casting building elements |
US5874016A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1999-02-23 | Sonoco Products Company | Concrete column forming tube having a smooth inside coated surface |
DE29518077U1 (de) * | 1995-11-15 | 1996-03-21 | Max Frank Gmbh & Co Kg, 94339 Leiblfing | Säulenschalung |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102912976A (zh) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-02-06 | 吴士传 | 现浇罗马柱的塑制模具 |
CN102912976B (zh) * | 2012-11-08 | 2015-01-14 | 吴士传 | 现浇罗马柱的塑制模具 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1108830B1 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
ATE208851T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
CA2326014C (en) | 2006-07-25 |
CA2326014A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
ES2167985T3 (es) | 2002-05-16 |
NO316030B1 (no) | 2003-12-01 |
DE59900655D1 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
US6467749B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
NO20006368L (no) | 2001-06-18 |
PL344515A1 (en) | 2001-06-18 |
NO20006368D0 (no) | 2000-12-14 |
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