EP1102636A1 - Method for operating the air circuit and conveying stock flow in the casing of a hammer mill - Google Patents

Method for operating the air circuit and conveying stock flow in the casing of a hammer mill

Info

Publication number
EP1102636A1
EP1102636A1 EP99950479A EP99950479A EP1102636A1 EP 1102636 A1 EP1102636 A1 EP 1102636A1 EP 99950479 A EP99950479 A EP 99950479A EP 99950479 A EP99950479 A EP 99950479A EP 1102636 A1 EP1102636 A1 EP 1102636A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
grate
air
dedusting
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99950479A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1102636B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Adolph
Erich KÖHL
Heike Sommerfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metso Lindemann GmbH
Original Assignee
Svedala Lindemann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Svedala Lindemann GmbH filed Critical Svedala Lindemann GmbH
Publication of EP1102636A1 publication Critical patent/EP1102636A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1102636B1 publication Critical patent/EP1102636B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/288—Ventilating, or influencing air circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating the air circuit and conveying the flow of material in the housing of a hammer crusher, which preferably shreds old material.
  • the invention further relates to a housing of the hammer crusher for performing the method.
  • hammer crushers are used for crushing scrap such as car bodies, so-called white goods and electronic scrap and the like.
  • Such hammer breakers consist essentially of a housing with a good inlet, an upper and lower grating, a rotatably mounted rotor with tools such as hammers, which is driven at a relatively high peripheral speed.
  • the rotor rotating in the housing gives the hammer crusher practically undesirable properties of a radial fan.
  • the hammers act as blades that suck in the ambient air through part of the grate openings in the lower grate and blow them out through the grate openings in the upper grate. This effect creates an overpressure inside the housing, which attempts to balance itself against atmospheric pressure. Depending on the nature of the material to be shredded, this leads to considerable dust or environmental pollution in the vicinity of the hammer crusher.
  • the disadvantageous blower effect for the operation of the hammer crusher should therefore be used, the housing should be designed accordingly and the effort required for dedusting systems should be reduced.
  • the object is achieved in that the air flow and the material flow after passing through the upper classifying grate are guided practically vertically and offset and separately and downward to the housing wall down into the area of the lower classifying grate via a deflection hood and an adjoining channel . There, due to the prevailing negative pressure, the air portion is sucked back into the shredding chamber by passing through the lower classification grate, which creates a constant air circulation with an approximately equal amount of air.
  • the air output to be generated can now be reduced by the proportion of the circulating air that is already circulating.
  • This visual effect can be enhanced if the device provided under the area of the lower grating for further processing, sorting and / or conveying the shredded old material receives a step / cascade in which an additional fan with low power blows in air, making the lighter ones Components, such as the so-called shred the light fraction, even cleaner from the metal fraction, are fed to the dedusting duct.
  • An additional effect can be achieved if, with the addition of finely atomized or atomized water during the comminution process, into the circulating air stream or into the housing by means of the water molecules or the large surface area of the water particles, the waste material, such as e.g. Car bodies in which a significant amount of heat is extracted from the shredding. This can reduce the risk of deflagrations and fires or the formation of burned hydrocarbons or so-called "blue smoke", as is often caused by the fuel residues or drawing oil residues present in the old material.
  • the water mist is expediently injected through pipes into the housing above the rotor.
  • the amount of water mist per unit of time can be regulated depending on the amount of material in the shredding area by measuring the current consumption of the drive motor for the rotor and on the other hand by measuring the temperature difference of the circulating air compared to the ambient air.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section through a housing of a hammer crusher designed according to the invention without connection for a dedusting system and
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through a housing designed according to the invention of a hammer crusher with dedusting shaft, which leads to a dedusting system, not shown.
  • a hammer crusher consists of a housing 1 with a good inlet 3, a good outlet with upper classifying grate 4, a good outlet with lower classifying grate 5 and a rotor 2 mounted in tools 1 and equipped with tools.
  • the rotor is with relatively high peripheral speed driven and crushed by the interaction of its tools, such as Hammers, with a fixed tool on the housing 1, e.g. Anvil on the upper classification grate 4 (Fig. 1), the old material, such as e.g. Scrap, car bodies, so-called white goods and also electronic scrap.
  • the rotor 2 rotating in the housing 1 generates an air flow through the tools acting as blades, like a blower, which is sucked in from the ambient air through the openings of the lower classification grate 5 and blown out through the openings of the upper classification grate 4.
  • the air flow and the material flows are shown symbolically in the drawings with arrows not shown.
  • the invention now makes surprising use of the previously undesired blower effect in that the air flow is effectively used as circulating air and the air flow is deflected and vertically deflected by a previously unconventional deflection hood 8 together with the classified material flow of the shredded waste material passing through the upper classification grate 4 led below in a channel 6 delimited from the housing 1, this material flow in the area of the lower classification grate 5 is combined with the material flow classified here of the shredded waste material and, on the one hand, the air flow due to the negative pressure prevailing there in the circuit "lower grating 5 - shredding room 7 - upper grating 4 - channel 6 "and thus the above-described cycle and the material flows are repeated and, on the other hand, the combined material flow of the shredded waste material is guided to a device 11 for further processing, sorting and / or conveying the same.
  • a dedusting air quantity reduced by the proportion of the air quantity generated by the rotor 2 as a result of the blower effect in the area of the lower classification grate 5 is switched on in an energetically favorable manner and reduces construction costs, and through a dedusting duct 9 guided in parallel to the duct 6 together with parts of a comminuted fraction, in this case the Shredder light fraction, removed to the dedusting system, not shown.
  • a part of the de-dusting air acted upon can also be used for the removal of dust originating from fine particles of the old material to be abandoned in the area of the good inlet 3 to the dedusting system, which is indicated in FIG. 2.
  • a particularly effective separation of the light fraction is achieved if the material flow brought together in the area of the lower classification grate 5 is acted upon by additional air by means of a fan 10 via a cascade-like step 12.
  • the invention achieves an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly operation with reduced construction costs for the hammer crusher.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

In order to operate the air circuit and convey the stock flow o fold material crushed in the casing (1) of a hammer mill, the airflow generated by the blast effect of a rotor (2) and the stock flow passing through an upper grading grid (4) are diverted by a deflector hood (8) and guided vertically downwards into a duct (6)delimited by the casing (1), said stock flow being combined with the stock flow graded in the area of a lower grading grid (5). The air flow is then guided to the circuit and the combined stock flow is guided to a device (11) for further processing, sorting and/or conveyance.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN DES LUFTKREISLAUFS UND ZUM FÖRDERN DES GUTSTROMS IM GEHÄUSE EINES HAMMERBRECHERS METHOD FOR OPERATING THE AIR CIRCUIT AND CONVEYING THE FLOW OF GOODS IN THE HOUSING OF A HAMBREAKER
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben des Luftkreislaufes und Fördern des Gutstromes im Gehäuse eines Hammerbrechers, der vorzugsweise Altmaterial zerkleinert. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Gehäuse des Hammerbrechers zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for operating the air circuit and conveying the flow of material in the housing of a hammer crusher, which preferably shreds old material. The invention further relates to a housing of the hammer crusher for performing the method.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß Hammerbrecher zum Zerkleinern von Schrott, wie Autokarosserien, von sogenannter weißer Ware sowie Elektronikschrott und dgl. verwendet werden.It is generally known that hammer crushers are used for crushing scrap such as car bodies, so-called white goods and electronic scrap and the like.
Derartige Hammerbrecher bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem Gehäuse mit einem Guteinlaß, einem oberen und unteren Klassierrost, einem im Gehäuse drehbar gelagerten Rotor mit Werkzeugen wie Hämmern, der mit relativ hoher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit angetrieben wird. Der im Gehäuse umlaufende Rotor verleiht dem Hammerbrecher dadurch praktisch unerwünschte Eigenschaften eines Radialgebläses. Dabei wirken die Hämmer als Schaufeln, die die Umgebungsluft durch einen Teil der Rostöffnungen des unteren Klassierrostes ansaugen und durch die Rostöffnungen des oberen Klassierrostes ausblasen. Im Gehäuseinneren wird durch diesen Effekt ein Überdruck gebildet, der sich gegenüber dem Atmosphärendruck auszugleichen versucht. Dadurch kommt es in der Umgebung des Hammerbrechers je nach der Beschaffenheit des zu zerkleinernden Gutes zu erheblichen Staubentwicklungen bzw. Umweltbelastungen.Such hammer breakers consist essentially of a housing with a good inlet, an upper and lower grating, a rotatably mounted rotor with tools such as hammers, which is driven at a relatively high peripheral speed. The rotor rotating in the housing gives the hammer crusher practically undesirable properties of a radial fan. The hammers act as blades that suck in the ambient air through part of the grate openings in the lower grate and blow them out through the grate openings in the upper grate. This effect creates an overpressure inside the housing, which attempts to balance itself against atmospheric pressure. Depending on the nature of the material to be shredded, this leads to considerable dust or environmental pollution in the vicinity of the hammer crusher.
Gemäß der DE 32 33 985 A1 wurde schon für mit Entstaubungsanlagen verbundene Hammerbrecher festgestellt, daß die Größe und Luftleistung der Entstaubungsanlage vielmehr von der Gebläsewirkung des Hammerrotors beeinflußt wird als von der eigentlich abzusaugenden Staubmenge.According to DE 32 33 985 A1 it has already been found for hammer breakers connected to dedusting systems that the size and air performance of the dedusting system is influenced more by the fan action of the hammer rotor than by the amount of dust actually to be extracted.
Um die überdimensionierten Entstaubungsanlagen, die einen hohen Energieverbrauch erfordern und dazu noch sehr lärmintensiv und bauaufwendig sind, zu optimieren, wurde deshalb nach der DE 32 33 985 A1 vorgeschlagen, die nachteilige Gebläsewirkung des Hammerrotors durch eine Unterteilung des Gehäuses in mindestens zwei in Rotordrehrichtung hintereinander liegende Räume zu reduzieren. Wenn dies auch eine wirksame Lösung schien, blieb der praktische Erfolg aus, da erkannt wurde, daß sich prinzipiell die beschriebene Gebläsewirkung nicht ausschalten läßt und es im großen und ganzen bei den kostenaufwendigen und umweltbelastenden überdimensionierten Entstaubungsanlagen blieb.In order to optimize the oversized dedusting systems, which require high energy consumption and are also very noise-intensive and construction-intensive, it was proposed according to DE 32 33 985 A1 to reduce the disadvantageous blower effect of the hammer rotor by dividing the housing into at least two rotor rotations one after the other Reduce spaces. Although this appeared to be an effective solution, the practical success failed to materialize, since it was recognized that the blower effect described cannot be switched off in principle and, on the whole, it remained with the costly and polluting oversized dedusting systems.
Nach der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe soll deshalb die an sich nachteilige Gebläsewirkung für den Betrieb des Hammerbrechers genutzt, das Gehäuse entsprechend gestaltet und der Aufwand für erforderliche Entstaubungsanlagen gesenkt werden. Dem Wesen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens entsprechend wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Luftstrom und der Gutstrom nach dem Passieren des oberen Klassierrostes über eine Umlenkhaube und einen daran anschließenden Kanal praktisch senkrecht und versetzt sowie getrennt zur Gehäusewand nach unten in den Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes geführt wird. Dort wird durch den herrschenden Unterdruck der Luftanteil den unteren Klassierrost passierend wieder in den Zerkleinerungsraum angesaugt, wodurch sich ein ständiger Umluftkreislauf mit annähernd geicher Luftmenge bildet.According to the object of the invention, the disadvantageous blower effect for the operation of the hammer crusher should therefore be used, the housing should be designed accordingly and the effort required for dedusting systems should be reduced. In accordance with the essence of the method according to the invention, the object is achieved in that the air flow and the material flow after passing through the upper classifying grate are guided practically vertically and offset and separately and downward to the housing wall down into the area of the lower classifying grate via a deflection hood and an adjoining channel . There, due to the prevailing negative pressure, the air portion is sucked back into the shredding chamber by passing through the lower classification grate, which creates a constant air circulation with an approximately equal amount of air.
Für den Fall des Anschlusses einer Entstaubungsanlage kann diese nun in ihrer zu erzeugenden Luftleistung um den Anteil der schon zirkulierenden Umluft reduziert werden.If a dedusting system is connected, the air output to be generated can now be reduced by the proportion of the circulating air that is already circulating.
Vorteilhaft wird so auch durch die Verlegung des Anschlusses der Entstaubungsluft zum Ende des Kanals bzw. in den Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes eine bessere Sichtwirkung zur Reinigung des zerkleinerten Schwergutes, wie z.B. zerkleinerte Metallteile, aus dem Hammerbrecher über den Guteinlaß zugeführten Alt- Autokarosserien von dem zerkleinerten Leichtgut, wie z.B. Polstermaterialien (Shredderleichtfraktion), erreicht.It is also advantageous to lay the connection of the dedusting air to the end of the duct or in the area of the lower grating to improve the visibility for cleaning the shredded heavy goods, e.g. crushed metal parts, from the hammer crusher from the shredded light goods, such as e.g. Upholstery materials (shredder light fraction) reached.
Diese Sichtwirkung kann noch dadurch verstärkt werden, wenn die unter dem Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes vorgesehene Einrichtung zur weiteren Verarbeitung, Sortierung und/oder Förderung des zerkleinerten Altmaterials eine Stufe/Kaskade erhält, in welcher ein zusätzlicher Ventilator mit geringer Leistung Luft einbläst, womit die leichteren Bestandteile, wie z.B. die sogenannte Shred- derleichtfraktion, noch sauberer von der Metallfraktion getrennt dem Entstaubungs- schacht zugeführt werden.This visual effect can be enhanced if the device provided under the area of the lower grating for further processing, sorting and / or conveying the shredded old material receives a step / cascade in which an additional fan with low power blows in air, making the lighter ones Components, such as the so-called shred the light fraction, even cleaner from the metal fraction, are fed to the dedusting duct.
Ein zusätzlicher Effekt ist erreichbar, wenn mit der Zugabe von feinverdüstem oder vernebelten Wasser während des Zerkleinerungsprozesses in den Umluftstrom bzw. in das Gehäuse mittels der Wassermoleküle bzw. der großen Oberfläche der Wasserteilchen dem aufgegebenen Altmaterial, wie z.B. Autokarosserien, bei der Zerkleinerung eine erhebliche Menge von Wärme entzogen wird. Dadurch kann die Gefahr von Verpuffungen und Bränden bzw. die Entstehung von verbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen oder sogenanntem „blauen Rauch", wie häufig durch die im Altmaterial vorhandenen Treibstoffreste oder auch Ziehölreste verursacht, verringert werden.An additional effect can be achieved if, with the addition of finely atomized or atomized water during the comminution process, into the circulating air stream or into the housing by means of the water molecules or the large surface area of the water particles, the waste material, such as e.g. Car bodies in which a significant amount of heat is extracted from the shredding. This can reduce the risk of deflagrations and fires or the formation of burned hydrocarbons or so-called "blue smoke", as is often caused by the fuel residues or drawing oil residues present in the old material.
Die Eindüsung des Wassernebels erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise durch Rohrleitungen in das Gehäuse oberhalb des Rotors. Die Wassernebelmenge pro Zeiteinheit kann einerseits in Abhängigkeit von der Materialmenge im Zerkleinerungsraum durch Messung der Stromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors für den Rotor und andererseits durch Messung der Temperaturdifferenz der Umluft im Vergleich zur Umgebungsluft reguliert zugeführt werden.The water mist is expediently injected through pipes into the housing above the rotor. The amount of water mist per unit of time can be regulated depending on the amount of material in the shredding area by measuring the current consumption of the drive motor for the rotor and on the other hand by measuring the temperature difference of the circulating air compared to the ambient air.
Im einzelnen sind weitere Erfindungsmerkmale den weiteren Ansprüchen bis 18 zu entnehmen. Die Erfindung wird an zwei Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigenIn particular, further features of the invention can be found in the further claims to 18. The invention is illustrated in two exemplary embodiments according to the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1 den Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäß ausgeführtes Gehäuse eines Hammerbrechers ohne Anschluß für eine Entstaubungsanlage undFig. 1 shows a section through a housing of a hammer crusher designed according to the invention without connection for a dedusting system and
Fig. 2 den Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäß ausgeführtes Gehäuse eines Hammerbrechers mit Entstaubungsschacht, der zu einer nicht dargestellten Entstaubungsanlage führt.Fig. 2 shows a section through a housing designed according to the invention of a hammer crusher with dedusting shaft, which leads to a dedusting system, not shown.
Entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2 besteht ein Hammerbrecher aus einem Gehäuse 1 mit einem Guteinlaß 3, einem Gutaustritt mit oberem Klassierrost 4, einem Gutaustritt mit unterem Klassierrost 5 sowie einem im Gehäuse 1 drehend gelagerten, mit Werkzeugen bestückten Rotor 2. Der Rotor wird mit relativ hoher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit angetrieben und zerkleinert durch Zusammenwirken seiner Werkzeuge, wie z.B. Hämmer, mit einem feststehenden Werkzeug am Gehäuse 1 , wie z.B. Amboß an dem oberen Klassierrost 4 (Fig. 1), das in einen Zerkleinerungsraum 7 über den Guteinlaß 3 aufgegebene Altgut, wie z.B. Schrott, Autokarosserien, sogenannte Weiße Ware und auch Elelktronikschrott.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, a hammer crusher consists of a housing 1 with a good inlet 3, a good outlet with upper classifying grate 4, a good outlet with lower classifying grate 5 and a rotor 2 mounted in tools 1 and equipped with tools. The rotor is with relatively high peripheral speed driven and crushed by the interaction of its tools, such as Hammers, with a fixed tool on the housing 1, e.g. Anvil on the upper classification grate 4 (Fig. 1), the old material, such as e.g. Scrap, car bodies, so-called white goods and also electronic scrap.
Der im Gehäuse 1 umlaufende Rotor 2 erzeugt durch die als Schaufeln wirkenden Werkzeuge wie bei einem Gebläse einen Luftstrom, der aus der Umgebungsluft durch die Öffnungen des unteren Klassierrostes 5 angesaugt und durch die Öffnungen des oberen Klassierrostes 4 ausgeblasen wird. Zugleich wird ein den oberen Klassierrost 4 passierender klassierter Gutstrom und ein den unteren Klassierrost 5 passierender klassierter Gutstrom erzeugt. Der Luftstrom und die Gutströme sind in den Zeichnungen mit nichtbezeichneten Pfeilen symbolisch dargestellt.The rotor 2 rotating in the housing 1 generates an air flow through the tools acting as blades, like a blower, which is sucked in from the ambient air through the openings of the lower classification grate 5 and blown out through the openings of the upper classification grate 4. At the same time Upper classifying grate 4 passing classified crop flow and a passing through the lower grading grid 5 graded crop flow. The air flow and the material flows are shown symbolically in the drawings with arrows not shown.
Wie eingangs schon beschrieben, herrschte bisher die Auffassung, die Gebläsewirkung des Rotors 2 durch eine Unterteilung des Gehäuses 1 und Absaugung der Entstaubungsluft an den jeweiligen Klassierrosten 4, 5 ausschalten bzw. reduzieren zu müssen.As already described at the outset, there was previously the view that the fan action of the rotor 2 had to be switched off or reduced by dividing the housing 1 and extracting the dedusting air from the respective classification grids 4, 5.
Die Erfindung macht sich nun die zuvor ungewünschte Gebläsewirkung überraschend insofern zu nutze, indem der Luftstrom als Umluft wirksam eingesetzt wird und der Luftstrom zusammen mit dem den oberen Klassierrost 4 passierenden, klassierten Gutstrom des zerkleinerten Altmaterials durch eine bisher nicht übliche Umlenkhaube 8 umgelenkt und vertikal nach unten in einem vom Gehäuse 1 abgegrenzten Kanal 6 geführt, dieser Gutstrom im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes 5 mit dem hier klassierten Gutstrom des zerkleinerten Altmaterials vereinigt und dabei einerseits der Luftstrom durch den dort herrschenden Unterdruck im Kreislauf „unterer Klassierrost 5 - Zerkleinerungsraum 7 - oberer Klassierrost 4 - Kanal 6" und so den vorbeschriebenen Kreislauf und die Gutströme wiederholend geführt sowie andererseits der vereinigte Gutstrom des zerkleinerten Altmaterials zu einer Einrichtung 11 für die weitere Verarbeitung, Sortierung und/oder Förderung desselben geführt wird. In besonderen Fällen ist es erforderlich, dem Gehäuse 1 gemäß Fig. 2 eine Entstaubungsanlage zuzuschalten, insbesondere dann, wenn im Gehäuse 1 Überdruck vorherrscht und/oder eine wirksamere Trennung der sogenannten Shred- derleichtfraktion von der Schwerfraktion (Fe) erfolgen muß. Hierzu wird nun energetisch günstig und bauaufwandsenkend eine um den Anteil der infolge der Gebläsewirkung vom Rotor 2 erzeugten Luftmenge reduzierte Entstaubungsluftmenge im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes 5 zugeschaltet und durch einen zum Kanal 6 parallel geführten Entstaubungsschacht 9 zusammen mit Teilen einer zerkleinerten Fraktion, in diesem Fall die Shredderleichtfraktion, zu der nicht dargestellten Entstaubungsanlage abgeführt. Ein Teil der beaufschlagten Entstaubungsluft kann auch für die Abführung von im Bereich des Guteinlasses 3 aus Feinpartikeln des aufzugebenden Altmaterials herrührendem Staub zu der Entstaubungsanlage verwendet werden, was in der Fig. 2 andeutungsweise dargestellt ist.The invention now makes surprising use of the previously undesired blower effect in that the air flow is effectively used as circulating air and the air flow is deflected and vertically deflected by a previously unconventional deflection hood 8 together with the classified material flow of the shredded waste material passing through the upper classification grate 4 led below in a channel 6 delimited from the housing 1, this material flow in the area of the lower classification grate 5 is combined with the material flow classified here of the shredded waste material and, on the one hand, the air flow due to the negative pressure prevailing there in the circuit "lower grating 5 - shredding room 7 - upper grating 4 - channel 6 "and thus the above-described cycle and the material flows are repeated and, on the other hand, the combined material flow of the shredded waste material is guided to a device 11 for further processing, sorting and / or conveying the same. In special cases, it is necessary to connect a dedusting system to the housing 1 according to FIG. 2, in particular if there is excess pressure in the housing 1 and / or a more effective separation of the so-called shredder light fraction from the heavy fraction (Fe) must take place. For this purpose, a dedusting air quantity reduced by the proportion of the air quantity generated by the rotor 2 as a result of the blower effect in the area of the lower classification grate 5 is switched on in an energetically favorable manner and reduces construction costs, and through a dedusting duct 9 guided in parallel to the duct 6 together with parts of a comminuted fraction, in this case the Shredder light fraction, removed to the dedusting system, not shown. A part of the de-dusting air acted upon can also be used for the removal of dust originating from fine particles of the old material to be abandoned in the area of the good inlet 3 to the dedusting system, which is indicated in FIG. 2.
Eine besonders wirksame Abscheidung der Leichtfraktion wird erreicht, wenn der im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes 5 zusammengeführte Gutstrom mit zusätzlicher Luft mittels eines Ventilators 10 über eine kaskadenartige Stufe 12 beaufschlagt wird.A particularly effective separation of the light fraction is achieved if the material flow brought together in the area of the lower classification grate 5 is acted upon by additional air by means of a fan 10 via a cascade-like step 12.
Zusammengefaßt wird durch die Erfindung ein energetisch günstigerer und umweltfreundlicherer Betrieb bei gesenktem Bauaufwand des Hammerbrechers erzielt. BezugszeichenlisteIn summary, the invention achieves an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly operation with reduced construction costs for the hammer crusher. Reference list
zz Gehäuse eines Hamnzz housing of a hamn
= Rotor= Rotor
= Guteinlaß= Admission
= Gutaustritt mit obererr= Good exit with upper
= Gutaustritt mit unterer= Good exit with lower
= Kanal= Channel
= Zerkleinerungsraum= Shredding room
= Umlenkhaube= Deflection hood
= Entstaubungsschacht= Dedusting shaft
= Ventilator= Fan
= Einrichtung= Facility
= Kaskade (Stufe)= Cascade (level)
= Schwenktür = Swing door

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben des Luftkreislaufes und Fördern des Gutstromes im Gehäuse eines Hammerbrechers während des Zerkleinerns von Altmaterial mit den Verfahrensschritten1. Method for operating the air circuit and conveying the flow of material in the housing of a hammer crusher during the shredding of waste material with the process steps
kontinuierliche Aufgabe des zu zerkleinernden Altmaterials über einen Guteinlaß im Gehäuse,continuous feeding of the old material to be shredded through a good inlet in the housing,
Zerkleinern des Altmaterials mittels eines im Gehäuse drehend gelagerten, mit Werkzeugen bestückten und eine Ventilatorwirkung erzeugenden Rotors,Shredding of the old material by means of a rotor mounted in the housing in a rotating manner, equipped with tools and producing a fan effect,
Förderung des Gutstromes des zerkleinerten Altmaterials durch einen im oberen Gehäuse vorgesehenen Gutaustritt mit oberem Klassierrost sowie Förderung des Gutstromes des zerkleinerten Altmaterials durch einen im unteren Gehäuse vorgesehenen Gutaustritt mit unterem Klassierrost innerhalb eines internen Luftkreislaufes,Promotion of the good flow of the shredded old material through a good outlet provided in the upper housing with upper classifying grate and promotion of the good flow of the shredded old material through a good outlet provided in the lower housing with lower classifying grate within an internal air circuit,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der infolge der Gebläsewirkung des Rotors 2 erzeugte Luftstrom zusammen mit dem den oberen Klassierrost (4) passierenden, klassierten Gutstrom des zerkleinerten Altmaterials durch eine Umlenkhaube (8) umgelenkt und vertikal nach unten in einem vom Gehäuse (1) abgegrenzten Kanal (6) geführt, dieser Gutstrom im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes (5) mit dem hier klassierten Gutstrom des zerkleinerten Altmaterials vereinigt und dabei einerseits der Luftstrom durch den hier herrschenden Unterdruck im Kreislauf „unterer Klassierrost (5) Zerkleinerungsraum (7) - oberer Klassierrost (4) - Kanal (6)" und so den Kreislauf wiederholend geführt und andererseits der vereinigte Gutstrom des zerkleinerten Altmaterials zu einer Einrichtung (11) für die weitere Verarbeitung, Sortierung und/oder Förderung desselben geführt wird.characterized in that the air flow generated as a result of the fan action of the rotor 2, together with the classified material flow of the shredded waste material passing through the upper classification grate (4), is deflected by a deflection hood (8) and vertically downward in a from the housing (1) delimited channel (6), this material flow in the area of the lower classification grate (5) is combined with the material flow classified here of the shredded waste material and, on the one hand, the air flow through the negative pressure prevailing here in the circuit "lower classification grate (5) shredding chamber (7) - upper Classifying grate (4) - channel (6) "and so the cycle is repeated and, on the other hand, the combined flow of the shredded old material is guided to a device (11) for further processing, sorting and / or conveying the same.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , bei dem das Gehäuse mit einer Entstaubungsanlage in Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine um den Anteil der infolge der Gebläsewirkung vom Rotor (2) erzeugten Luftmenge reduzierte Entstaubungsluftmenge im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes (5) zugeschaltet und durch einen zum Kanal (6) abgegrenzt vorgesehenen Entstaubungsschacht (9) zusammen mit Teilen einer zerkleinerten Fraktion zu der Entstaubungsanlage abgeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, in which the housing is connected to a dedusting system, characterized in that a dedusting air amount in the region of the lower classifying grate (5) which is reduced by the proportion of the amount of air generated by the rotor (2) due to the fan action is switched on and through a dedusting shaft (9), delimited to the channel (6), is removed to the dedusting system together with parts of a comminuted fraction.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der beaufschlagten Entstaubungsluft im Bereich des Guteinlasses (3) zusammen mit Feinpartikeln des Altmaterials zu der Entstaubungsanlage abgeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a part of the dedusting air in the area of the material inlet (3) is discharged together with fine particles of the waste material to the dedusting system.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes (5) zusammengeführte Gutstrom mit zusätzlicher Luft mittels eines Ventilators (10) über eine Kaskade (12) beaufschlagt wird und dabei leichte Fraktionsbestandteile des zerkleinerten Altmaterials über den Entstaubungsschacht (9) zur Entstaubungsanlage abgeführt werden.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material stream combined in the region of the lower grating (5) with additional air by means of a fan (10) via a cascade (12) is applied and light fraction components of the shredded waste material are discharged via the dedusting shaft (9) to the dedusting system.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Zerkleinerungsprozesses fein verdüstes oder vernebeltes Wasser dem Umluftstrom bzw. dem Gehäuse (1) oder Zerkleinerungsraum (7) zugeführt, dabei dem aufgegebenen Altmaterial durch die Wassermoleküle bei dessen Zerkleinerung Wärme entzogen und/oder die Verpuffungs- oder Brandneigung sowie die Bildung von verbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen zumindest reduziert wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that during the shredding process finely atomized or atomized water is fed to the circulating air stream or the housing (1) or shredding chamber (7), while the waste material given up by the water molecules during the shredding of heat withdrawn and / or the deflagration or fire tendency and the formation of burned hydrocarbons is at least reduced.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß fein verdüstes oder vernebeltes Wasser in der Dimension Menge pro Zeiteinheit in Abhängigkeit von der im Zerkleinerungsraum vorhandenen Materialmenge durch Messung der Stromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors für den Rotor oder durch Messung der Temperaturdifferenz der internen Umluft im Vergleich zur Umgebungsluft zugegeben und reguliert wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that finely atomized or nebulized water in the dimension amount per unit of time depending on the amount of material present in the grinding space by measuring the current consumption of the drive motor for the rotor or by measuring the temperature difference of the internal circulating air compared to Ambient air is added and regulated.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung eines oberen Klassierrostes (4) mit schräg zur Rückwand des Gehäuses (1) gestellter Rostebene, wobei der Gutstrom zwischen senkrecht zur Schräglage gestellten Roststäben geführt wird. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the use of an upper grading grate (4) with the grate level placed obliquely to the rear wall of the housing (1), the material flow being guided between grate bars placed perpendicular to the inclined position.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung eines oberen Klassierrostes (4) mit rechtwinklig zur Rückwand des Gehäuses (1) bzw. waagerecht gestellter Rostebene, wobei der Gutstrom zwischen schräg zur Waagerechten gestellten Roststäben geführt wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the use of an upper classifying grate (4) with a right-angled to the rear wall of the housing (1) or horizontally placed grate level, the material flow being guided between grate bars placed obliquely to the horizontal.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung eines schwenkbeweglichen oberen Klassierrostes (4).9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the use of a pivoting upper grating (4).
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer Steuerung zur Förderung der mit Umluft oder Entstaubungsluft beaufschlagten Gutströme in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung des Altmaterials, Zusammensetzung und Art des zerkleinerten Materials sowie der Menge, Leistung und/oder Druck der zu erzeugenden Umluft oder Entstaubungsluft.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the use of a controller for conveying the streams of material charged with circulating air or dedusting air depending on the composition of the waste material, composition and type of the shredded material as well as the amount, power and / or pressure of the circulating air or dedusting air to be generated.
11. Gehäuse eines Hammerbrechers zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, bestehend aus einem in einem Gehäuse drehend gelagerten, mit Werkzeugen bestückten Rotor, einem Guteinlaß (3), einem im oberen Gehäuse vorgesehenen Gutaustritt mit oberem Klassierrost (4) und einem im unteren Gehäuse vorgesehenen Gutaustritt mit unterem Klassierrost (5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) eine Umlenkhaube (8) nach dem oberen Klassierrost (4) aufweist, dem sich ein Kanal (6) anschließt, der zum Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes (5) führt. 11. Housing of a hammer crusher for carrying out the method, consisting of a rotor rotatably mounted in a housing, equipped with tools, a material inlet (3), a material outlet provided in the upper housing with an upper classifying grate (4) and a material outlet provided in the lower housing lower classification grate (5), characterized in that the housing (1) has a deflection hood (8) after the upper classification grate (4), which is followed by a channel (6) which leads to the area of the lower classification grate (5).
12. Gehäuse nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß parallel zum Kanal (6) ein zu einer Entstaubungsanlage führender Entstaubungsschacht (9) vorgesehen ist, der sich im Bereich des unteren Klassierrostes (5) einen Teil des Luftstromes umlenkend an den Kanal (6) anschließt und mit der Entstaubungsluft Teile einer zerkleinerten Fraktion fördert.12. Housing according to claim 11, characterized in that a dedusting duct leading to a dedusting system (9) is provided parallel to the duct (6) and deflects part of the air flow in the region of the lower grating (5) to the duct (6) connects and conveys parts of a shredded fraction with the dedusting air.
13. Gehäuse nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bereich der Umlenkung vom Kanal (6) zum Entstaubungsschacht (9) sowie zumindest eines Teiles des Bereiches des unteren Klassierrostes (5) von einer Einrichtung (11) zur weiteren Sortierung des zerkleinerten Altmaterials ausgestaltet ist.13. Housing according to claim 12, characterized in that the area of the deflection from the channel (6) to the dedusting shaft (9) and at least part of the area of the lower grating (5) by a device (11) for further sorting of the shredded waste material is.
14. Gehäuse nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einrichtung (1 ) ein Ventilator (10) zugeordnet ist, der im Zusammenspiel mit einer Stufe/Kaskade (12) im Boden der Einrichtung (11) einen Sichter zur wirksamen Abtrennung der leichten Fraktionsbestandteile des zerkleinerten Altmaterials und Abführung derselben über den Entstaubungsschacht (9) zur Entstaubungsanlage darstellt.14. Housing according to claim 12, characterized in that the device (1) is assigned a fan (10) which, in interaction with a step / cascade (12) in the bottom of the device (11), a sifter for effectively separating the light fraction components of the shredded old material and removal of the same via the dedusting shaft (9) to the dedusting system.
15. Gehäuse nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet,15. Housing according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in
daß eine Schwenktür (13) vorgesehen ist.that a swing door (13) is provided.
16. Gehäuse nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Klassierrost (4) schräg liegend den oberen Gutaustritt abdeckt, wobei die Roststäbe im Querschnitt gesehen senkrecht zur Ebene der Schräglage gestellt sind.16. Housing according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the upper grating (4) lying obliquely covers the upper product outlet, the grate bars, viewed in cross-section, are placed perpendicular to the inclined plane.
17. Hammerbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeich¬17. Hammer crusher according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized gekennzeich¬
net, daß der obere Klassierrost (4) waagerecht liegend den oberen Gutaustritt abdeckt, wobei die Roststäbe im Querschnitt gesehen schräg zur Waagerechten gestellt sind.net that the upper grate (4) lying horizontally covers the upper material outlet, the grate bars are seen obliquely in cross-section to the horizontal.
18. Hammerbrecher nach einem der Ansprüche 16 oder 17, gekennzeichnet18. Hammer crusher according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized
durch einen schwenkbeweglichen oberen Klassierrost (4), der zugleich ein Gegenwerkzeug zu den Werkzeugen des Rotors (2) sowie eine Schwenktür darstellt. through a swiveling upper classifying grate (4), which is also a counter tool to the tools of the rotor (2) and a swing door.
EP99950479A 1998-08-07 1999-08-02 Method for operating the air circuit and conveying stock flow in the casing of a hammer mill Expired - Lifetime EP1102636B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19835796 1998-08-07
DE19835796A DE19835796C2 (en) 1998-08-07 1998-08-07 Method for operating the air circuit and conveying the flow of material in the housing of a hammer crusher and housing of a hammer crusher for carrying out the method
PCT/DE1999/002356 WO2000007730A1 (en) 1998-08-07 1999-08-02 Method for operating the air circuit and conveying stock flow in the casing of a hammer mill

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EP1102636A1 true EP1102636A1 (en) 2001-05-30
EP1102636B1 EP1102636B1 (en) 2002-06-26

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EP (1) EP1102636B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002522203A (en)
AR (1) AR020136A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE219703T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6324899A (en)
BR (1) BR9912789A (en)
CA (1) CA2351188C (en)
DE (2) DE19835796C2 (en)
DK (1) DK1102636T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2178899T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO2000007730A1 (en)

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DE19835796C2 (en) 2001-12-06
AR020136A1 (en) 2002-04-10
BR9912789A (en) 2001-10-09
CA2351188C (en) 2005-05-17
EP1102636B1 (en) 2002-06-26
DE19835796A1 (en) 2000-02-17
DK1102636T3 (en) 2002-09-23
ES2178899T3 (en) 2003-01-01
PT1102636E (en) 2002-11-29
WO2000007730A1 (en) 2000-02-17
JP2002522203A (en) 2002-07-23
US6648253B1 (en) 2003-11-18
ATE219703T1 (en) 2002-07-15
AU6324899A (en) 2000-02-28
DE59901874D1 (en) 2002-08-01
CA2351188A1 (en) 2000-02-17

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