Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
  • B44B5/00—Machines or apparatus for embossing decorations or marks, e.g. embossing coins
  • B44B5/02—Dies; Accessories
  • B44B5/026—Dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/24—Pressing or stamping ornamental designs on surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
  • B44F9/04—Designs imitating natural patterns of stone surfaces, e.g. marble
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
  • E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
  • E04F21/04—Patterns or templates; Jointing rulers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
  • E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
  • E04F21/16—Implements for after-treatment of plaster or the like before it has hardened or dried, e.g. smoothing-tools, profile trowels

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing decorative pattern plaster, mineral plaster and the tools enabling the method to be implemented.
• the invention relates more particularly to a process for producing plaster with decorative patterns by stamping, and the matrices allowing the implementation of the process.
• the method traditionally used to provide a stone appearance to a coated surface is to allow the coating to dry for a few hours, approximately five hours, and then to scrape off the coated surface using a trowel. nails or wire brush.
• This process requires the operator to perform a recovery work a few hours after the application of the coating layer. The desired appearance is obtained by removing material, this process therefore involves a loss of material.
• after the finishing work by scraping there are always grains that fall from the facade if you pass your hand.
• matrices used are sheets of synthetic resins weighing between 40 and 60 kg / m 2 , which are laid flat at the bottom of the mold, or which are fixed vertically on a rigid sheet.
• the concrete is then poured and vibrated then it is demolded to obtain the decorative patterns.
• This process allows for decorative patterns when making concrete walls or constructions. If one wishes to carry out decorative patterns once the wall is constructed, the process requires the application of a layer of concrete of a few centimeters. This process turns out to be impractical, long to implement. It requires bulky tools, and a large amount of material.
• a first object of the invention is to propose a process for producing coatings with decorative patterns overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art cited above, which is easy to implement. This object is achieved by the fact that the process for producing coatings with decorative patterns, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• the reliefs constituting the decorative patterns have a maximum depth of the order of 8 millimeters and a width of between 3 and 20 millimeters and have draft angles of the order of at least 5 °.
• the step of stamping the patterns takes place after a determined drying time of the coating layer, which is a function of the climatic conditions and of the compactness of the coating, so that the coating no longer sticky to the fingers, the matrix being removed immediately after application.
• the pattern stamping step is carried out on the layer of fresh plaster directly after its application, the matrix being kept applied for a time determined according to the climatic conditions and the compactness of the plaster before be removed.
• the stamping step is carried out by application of a semi-rigid sheet comprising the patterns in relief and having a thickness of 5/10 to 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of 100 to 600 g / m 2 .
• the stamping step is carried out by application of a semi-rigid sheet, having the patterns in relief on one of its faces and the hollow patterns on the other face.
• the stamping step is carried out by inlaying hollow patterns on the coating layer, the face of the sheet having the raised patterns being applied and then being removed.
• the step of depositing the coating layer is followed by a step of projecting gravel, the stamping step making it possible to embed the gravel in the coating.
• the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible plastic sheet 1 to 5 tenths of a millimeter thick on which is moved a roller having on its surface the patterns in relief.
• the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible plastic sheet of 1 to 5 tenths of a millimeter thick on which is applied a parallelepiped plate having on its surface the patterns in relief, the sheet being applied and then be removed.
• the method comprises a step of filling the hollows of the patterns embedded in the coating layer (1) with a filling coating of a color different from that of the stamped coating layer.
• the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible or semi-rigid sheet, aggregates of different particle sizes being bonded to one of the faces of the matrix, so as to form a granular surface comprising recesses, imitating the appearance of the stone, the face of the sheet having the aggregates being applied against the plaster.
• the stamping carried out is a stamping in relief by adding plaster, the patterns are produced in relief on the plaster layer, the face of the sheet having the hollow patterns, previously filled with plaster, being applied to the fresh plaster layer for 4 to 5 hours before being removed from the mold.
• the coating layer added to a thickness of 4 to 5 millimeters.
• the dies include positioning marks and are made of material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating.
• the matrices are transparent and made of a material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating.
• the semi-rigid sheet dies are pierced in order to allow the evacuation of the air trapped between the matrix and the coating layer at the time of manual pressing of the sheet on the coating layer.
• Another object of the invention is to propose matrices allowing the implementation of the method.
• the decorative patterns of the matrix used have a maximum depth of 8 millimeters, a width of between 3 and 15 millimeters and have draft angles of at least 5 °.
• the matrix consists of a semi-rigid sheet having a thickness of between 5/10 and 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of between 100 and 600g.
• the matrix comprises patterns in relief on one of its faces and complementary hollow patterns on the other face.
• the matrix is made of a material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating in the group constituted by a plasticized cardboard, a film or a sheet of polystyrene, polyurethane, polyane, polyethylene.
• the matrix consists of a roller having on its surface the raised patterns and a flexible plastic sheet on which the roller is moved.
• the matrix consists of a parallelepipedic plate having on its surface the patterns in relief and of a flexible plastic sheet on which the plate is applied.
• the matrix is a flexible plastic sheet, aggregates of different particle sizes being bonded to one of the faces of the matrix, so as to form a granular surface comprising recesses, imitating the appearance of the stone.
• the matrix includes positioning marks.
• the sheet or sheets constituting the matrix are transparent.
• the sheet or sheets constituting the matrix are pierced with small perforations in order to allow the evacuation of the air trapped between the matrix and the coating layer when the matrix is pressed on the coating layer .
• Another object of the invention is to propose a mineral coating allowing the implementation of the process.
• the mineral coating comprises aggregates, air lime, cement, mica, fine fillers, a light mineral filler and specific additives providing water-repellency and retention functions. water, coloring, protective and air entraining.
• the fine fillers are of limestone nature and have a particle size of less than 80 microns.
• the water retentor is a cellulose ether.
• the cement is white of the CPA-CEM I 52.5 type.
• the aggregates are rolled siliceous sands whose particle size ranges between 80 and 3000 ⁇ .
• the air entrainer is a surfactant.
• the mica particles have dimensions of less than two millimeters.
• the light charge consists of diatoms with a density between 0.1 and 0.3.
• the protective agent is a biocide.
• the coating comprises a mineral or organic dye.
• the waterproofing adjuvant is a mass water repellent.
• FIG. 1 represents a sectional view of the first step of the process
• FIG. 2 represents a sectional view of a matrix according to the invention
• FIG. 3 represents an enlarged view of a pattern of the matrix represented in FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 represents an example of a decorative pattern
• FIG. 5 represents the second step of the method according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of the second step of the method according to another embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 7 represents the surface of a matrix according to the invention
• FIG. 8A and 8B respectively represent a perspective view and a cross-sectional view along the axis AA 'of another embodiment of a matrix according to the invention
• FIG. 9A to 9D represent the successive steps of an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention
• FIGS. 10A to 10E represent the successive steps of another variant embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 11 shows the surface of a matrix according to another alternative embodiment.
• a coating layer (1) is deposited on the surface (2) to be coated.
• the coating can be applied directly, for example, to concrete or masonry, bricks, studs or stones.
• the method can be applied to an exterior or interior surface.
• the deposition of this coating layer can be carried out by spraying by means of a machine or manually.
• the thickness of the plaster serves, on the outside, to provide on the one hand a decorative effect and on the other hand impermeability, while on the inside, it is mainly decorative. For good waterproofing, a layer of 10 to 15 millimeters of plaster can be applied.
• the coating can also be deposited on a smaller thickness in the case where waterproofing is not sought (example: the case of a concrete wall). Indeed, a coating thickness of the order of only 4 to 5 millimeters is necessary to achieve the decorative appearance according to the invention.
• the matrix may consist of a rigid or semi-rigid plastic sheet (3) of small thickness and having a low weight per square meter. Preferably, the thickness of the sheet is 5/10 to 1 or 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of 100 to 600 g / m 2 .
• the matrix can be produced for example from a sheet of polystyrene. Other materials, such as polyurethane or polyethylene can be used.
• the decorative patterns can be produced by thermoforming or by stamping sheets or plastic rolls.
• the matrix can also consist of a sheet of plasticized cardboard. A very thin plastic film, such as, for example, a polyethylene film, is for example glued to the surfaces of a sheet of cardboard. The complex thus formed is then stamped to form the decorative patterns.
• the matrix has on one of its faces, called the front side
• the pattern is therefore constituted by reliefs (8) on the front side and by grooves or cavities (9) on the back side.
• the reliefs (8) constituting the pattern, and arranged on the front face (4) have a depth (P) of between 3 and 8 millimeters and a width (d) of between 3 and 15 millimeters.
• the reliefs (8) can have clearance angles (x) of at least 5 °.
• the dimensions of the matrix can vary depending on the size of the area to be decorated and the type of pattern.
• the weight of the matrix and the dimensions of the patterns allow manual manipulation and use in the method according to the invention of matrices of several square meters.
• the decorative patterns made on the plastic sheets can be multiple. These patterns can for example be geometric patterns and / or represent different types of imitation, imitations of wooden board representing the veining and knots of different wood species as well as grooves between each board, imitation patterns of weaving as shown in Figure 4, of bricks, tiles, stones, paving, leaves, earth, etc.
• Different types of stamping can be carried out from the matrix described above. According to FIG. 5, an inlay matrixing can then be carried out. The stamping takes place almost instantaneously when the coating is no longer sticky to the fingers.
• a determined time called freezing, before applying the matrix. This freezing time is between 10 and 60 minutes, depending on weather conditions and the compactness of the coating.
• the matrix (3) is applied to the layer of fresh coating (1) which is still malleable, the front face (4) of the matrix comprising the reliefs (8) being oriented towards the plaster layer (1) and pressed thereon.
• the low weight of the dies makes this operation easy.
• the operation of pressing the matrix on the coating can be carried out by means of, for example, a brush, a smooth roller, a trowel or a float. Due to the size of the patterns (6), the patterns are incrusted without any difficulty. As soon as the pressing operation is finished, the matrix is removed, the decorative patterns are obtained on the hollow coating on the surface.
• the recessed patterns produced on the coating layer can then, after drying, be completely or partially filled, with a coating of different color, using a trowel for example.
• This coating of different colors can also be applied directly, after the removal of the matrix, before the drying of the coating layer, by causing it to overlap the coating layer.
• Embossing, or molding, as shown in FIG. 6, can be carried out using a matrix similar to that used previously.
• the cavities or grooves (9) constituting the recessed pattern (7) of the back side (5) are filled with plaster.
• This filler (10) may be identical to that deposited on the surface to be decorated or of a different color depending on the desired decorative appearance.
• the matrix (3) is applied directly to the fresh plaster layer (1), the back side (5) of the matrix being oriented towards the plaster layer (1).
• the matrix (3) is kept applied to the coated surface for a period of 4 to 5 hours corresponding to the end of the setting of the coating layer (1) and the filling coating (10).
• the application time is determined according to the atmospheric conditions and after drying, the matrix is removed.
• a surface finish similar to that of stone, for example imitating tufa, can be obtained by stamping by inlay using a semi-rigid matrix having reliefs forming irregularities and inlays imitating the appearance of stone.
• the reliefs for example have heights of 0.1 to 6 millimeters.
• FIG. 7 represents a view of the surface appearance of such a matrix (15).
• FIG. 8B represents a schematic perspective view of the matrix and FIG. 8A a cross-sectional view (AA ′), illustrating the irregularities of the surface (16) of the matrix.
• a layer of plaster is deposited on the surface to be coated (FIG. 9A).
• the matrix is applied to the plaster layer (fig. 9B).
• the matrix can be removed as soon as the pressing operation is completed (fig. 9D).
• the matrix may include a rim allowing it to be grasped and to facilitate its handling during stamping.
• the step (FIG. 10a) of depositing the coating layer is followed by a step (FIG. 10b) of spraying aggregates (18).
• This spraying operation is carried out on the fresh plaster layer, immediately after its application. It can be done manually or mechanically using a spraying machine (19).
• the projected aggregates, of variable granulometry can be of organic or mineral nature, such as silica, limestone, marble, microfiber, plastic for example.
• a semi-rigid matrix (15), similar to that described above with reference to FIG.
• the matrix applied to the coated surface preferably consists of a flexible plastic sheet.
• the reliefs consist of aggregates of different particle sizes bonded to one of the faces of the sheet.
• the aggregates can consist of silica, limestone, expanded polystyrene beads, plastic, etc.
• the aggregates are bonded so as to form a granular surface comprising irregularities and encrustations.
• the matrix is applied, using a brush for example, to the fresh coating.
• the matrix is then removed.
• the sheet of plastic can be packaged as a roll.
• the matrix is unrolled and applied directly to the coated surface, for example from top to bottom.
• the sheet is cut according to the length of the required die. Several patterned leaf leaves can be placed side by side. When the patterns have symmetry, positioning marks are provided on the back of the sheet.
• a matrix consisting of a rigid or semi-rigid plastic sheet can also be used.
• the dies consisting of rigid or semi-rigid sheets, as described above, are pierced with small diameter perforations in order to let out the air comprised between the coating and the matrix at the time of application thereof. .
• the dies can also be made of a transparent material.
• the transparency of the matrix makes it possible to visually check the quality of the pressing before the withdrawal of the matrix.
• the transparency of the matrix makes it possible to check whether the filling coating has hardened enough to allow the removal of the matrix.
• Transparency can also be used during the application of the matrix to visualize positioning marks previously made on the coating layer.
• These markers can be formed by small indentations formed by the operator which disappear during the operation of pressing the die.
• the markers may consist of colored lines which will be removed during scraping.
• the matrix can consist of a roller with relief.
• the desired patterns (12) are then produced in relief on the surface (13) of the roller (11) held by a handle by the user.
• the reliefs constituting the patterns have a maximum depth of 8 millimeters, a width of between 3 and 15 millimeters, and draft angles greater than 5 °.
• the roller is applied to the coating layer (1) by interposing a plastic film (14), polyane type, in order to avoid adhesion of the coating on the roller to create the patterns by inlaying on the coated surface.
• a plastic film (14), polyane type Such a roller can be made of molded plastic.
• the polyane film (14) of a few tenths of a millimeter can be pierced in order to extract the air between the coating layer (1) and the film (14). The film is then removed for 5 to 30 minutes depending on the weather conditions.
• a parallelepiped plate having the patterns in relief on one of its main faces, can be used to replace the roller described above. The dimensions of the plate are adapted to be able to produce the patterns by inlaying on the coated surface while holding the plate with both hands.
• the plate can be made of molded plastic.
• Positioning marks can be made on the dies in order to properly position the dies, with respect to one another when the patterns are produced.
• the material used to make the coating must be smooth and sticky to allow it to pass through a spraying machine and must remain soft for a while to allow stamping. In addition, it must have good cohesion to remain cohesive when removing the matrix.
• the material used is formed from rolled siliceous aggregates and a binder consisting of a mixture of air lime and cement. Optimizing the overall particle size of the coating prevents particles smaller than 80 microns from rising to the surface and giving the surface a shiny appearance.
• the use of rolled siliceous aggregates prevents the material from taking up water after drying.
• the material also includes a mass water repellant or waterproofing agent. A water-retaining adjuvant is added to the mixture to allow passage through the machine and give workability (ease of implementation) to the coating.
• the material used also includes a light, fine and spherical mineral filler. This spherical mineral filler promotes vapor transfer, reduces tackiness and gives flexibility for application.
• the material also includes an air entrainer, intended to lubricate and facilitate the passage of the material in the spraying machine, while improving its resistance to frost.
• This air entrainer is, for example, a surfactant.
• the material finally comprises a determined quantity of mica.
• the size of the mica particles is less than two millimeters.
• the mica is intended to reduce stickiness and increase the luminosity of the plaster once applied.
• the material can also include organic or mineral pigments.
• Additives can also be added according to the specific needs of users (accelerators, retarders).
• the material according to the invention can be molded for about an hour up to two hours after its application. This time depends on the climatic conditions.
• the material according to the invention has a good thickness resistance to prevent creep or bead formation at, for example, the joints between the breeze blocks.
• the method according to the invention has many advantages over the prior art. It allows to quickly obtain a clean and regular surface with decorative patterns using little material.
• the dies are simple to make and are reusable. The process does not require any recovery, the realization of the patterns is carried out quickly on the fresh plaster after the installation of the plaster layer. It is easy and quick to implement, thanks to the lightness of the dies.
• inlay forging it is not necessary to work with more than one matrix, the matrix being removed immediately after pressing.
• embossed stamping an operator can apply the dies to a coated surface area while another operator coats another area. When the stamping of an area is finished, the matrix can be reused for another surface area that has just been coated.
• Inlay stamping can also be carried out directly on the fresh plaster layer, the matrix then being held in position on the plaster layer.
• the patterns can be made on an entire surface or on a part only to form a frieze for example. Several dies with different patterns can be used in combination for the same surface.
• the use of the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a velvety coating surface.
• the appearance of the surface obtained is less porous than that of the prior art obtained by scraping, which reduces fouling, soiling and facilitates cleaning. This also reduces dust after the plaster has dried and therefore allows interior uses.
• Other modifications within the reach of the skilled person are also part of the spirit of the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 1998
  • 1998-04-28 FR FR9805331A patent/FR2777829B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1999
  • 1999-04-28 EP EP99915860A patent/EP1082504B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-04-28 BR BR9910028-2A patent/BR9910028A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-04-28 CN CN99806623A patent/CN1108934C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-04-28 HU HU0101648A patent/HUP0101648A3/hu unknown
  • 1999-04-28 TR TR2001/00154T patent/TR200100154T2/xx unknown
  • 1999-04-28 AT AT99915860T patent/ATE318355T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-04-28 DE DE69929962T patent/DE69929962T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-04-28 KR KR10-2000-7011976A patent/KR100529865B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-04-28 WO PCT/FR1999/001009 patent/WO1999055987A1/fr active IP Right Grant

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