EP1075043A1 - Antenne à empilement de structures résonantes et dispositif de radiocommunication multifréquence incluant cette antenne - Google Patents

Antenne à empilement de structures résonantes et dispositif de radiocommunication multifréquence incluant cette antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1075043A1
EP1075043A1 EP00402192A EP00402192A EP1075043A1 EP 1075043 A1 EP1075043 A1 EP 1075043A1 EP 00402192 A EP00402192 A EP 00402192A EP 00402192 A EP00402192 A EP 00402192A EP 1075043 A1 EP1075043 A1 EP 1075043A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
antenna
layer
resonant
structures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00402192A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pascal Herve
Charles Ngounou Kouam
Jean-Philippe Coupez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP1075043A1 publication Critical patent/EP1075043A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of radio communications.
  • antennas In the devices used in this area, it relates more specifically to antennas and more especially those of the latter which are produced according to planar techniques.
  • Such antennas are included in various types of devices such as portable radiotelephones, base stations for the latter, automobiles and planes or missiles.
  • portable radio the continuous nature of the mass layer included in such an antenna makes it possible to easily limit the power of radiation intercepted by the body of the user of the device.
  • planes or missiles whose outer surface is metallic and has a curved profile allowing limit the aerodynamic drag
  • such an antenna can be conformed to this profile so as not to show aerodynamic drag additional annoying.
  • the antenna In such applications the antenna must have a limited size and it is often desired that it can nevertheless be used on several working frequencies in the field of radio frequencies and microwave. These frequencies can be close to each other, one being for example used in transmission and the other in reception. Use of two such frequencies is then allowed by the fact that the antenna has a bandwidth including these two frequencies and all frequencies intermediaries. However, it is often desired, especially in the case of mobile phones, that the antenna has two such bandwidths. These two bands are then separated. The relationship between their frequencies central units is notably equal to two in the case of dual-band communication such as those using known GSM systems 900 and GSM 1800 whose bands are around 900 and 1800 MHz.
  • the antennas concerned by this invention are in particular antennas of a type hereinafter called “pellet” known in English as “Microstrip patch antenna”, that is to say that they are produced according to a technique called microstrips in which the electric field of a wave progressive is established in a dielectric substrate between a conductive layer called mass and another conductive layer called pellet.
  • the operating frequencies of such an antenna are defined by one or more resonant structures it includes.
  • a first type can be called "half-wave".
  • the structure is so-called "half-wave”. Being admitted that a dimension of its pellet constitutes a length and extends in a so-called longitudinal direction, this length is substantially equal to half the wavelength of a wave electromagnetic propagating in this direction in the constituted line by the mass, the substrate and the pellet. Coupling with radiated waves is done at the ends of this length, these ends being located in the regions where the amplitude of the electric field prevailing in the substrate is maximum.
  • a second type of resonant structure which can be produced according to this same technique can be called “quarter wave”.
  • the structure is then called “quarter wave”. It differs from a half-wave structure on the one hand by the fact that its pastille has a length substantially equal to a quarter of the length wavelength, this length of the patch and this wavelength being defined as above, on the other hand by the fact that a significant short circuit is made at one end of this length between the mass and the patch so that impose a quarter-wave type resonance including a field node electric is fixed by this short circuit. Coupling with radiated waves is done at the other end of this length, this other end being located in the region where the amplitude of the electric field through the substrate is maximum.
  • This invention relates more particularly to antennas called “to stacking"in which the association of several resonant structures within the same antenna is obtained by the superposition of these structures, so that the latter then occupy different volumes.
  • a first and a second known antenna each comprise, from bottom to top, the stack of a mass conducting layer, a lower dielectric layer, a conductive layer which can be called "of coupling ”, an upper dielectric layer, and a conductive layer superior.
  • This first known antenna is described in an article “Broadband stacked shorted patch”, RB Waterhouse, Electronics Letters, 21 st January 1999 vol 35, n ° 2, pp 98, 99. It includes short circuit conductors which make it possible to strongly limit the length of each of the two superimposed resonant structures.
  • the second known antenna is described in an article "Thin dual-resonant stacked shorted patch antenna for mobile communications", J. Ollikainen, M. Fisher and P. Vainikainen, Electronics Letters 18 th March 1999, Vol. 35, N ° 6, pp 437, 438.
  • Each of its two resonant structures is of the quarter wave type
  • Each of these two known antennas is supplied, that is to say coupled to a signal processing device such as a transmitter or a receiver, via a coaxial line whose mass and axial conductor are respectively connected to the ground layer and to the coupling layer of the antenna.
  • a signal processing device such as a transmitter or a receiver
  • the choice of the position of the connection point between this conductor axial and this coupling layer is critical, which results in a cost of high manufacturing.
  • a coupling seems necessary between these two structures and it does not appear that such a coupling allows these structures to have two bandwidths as far apart from each other as this is often desired. In particular, it does not appear that the frequency ratio central of these two bands could easily reach two.
  • a third known antenna is described in an article "Broadband CPW fed stacked patch antenna", WST Rowe and RB Waterhouse, Electronics Letters 29 th April 1999 Vol. 35, N ° 9 pp 681-682.
  • it comprises, from bottom to top, a ground layer including a coplanar supply line, a dielectric layer, a patch, two dielectric layers, a patch, and a dielectric layer.
  • These layers form two superimposed resonant structures.
  • a coupling seems necessary between these two structures and is opposed to obtaining two bandwidths as far apart as desired.
  • a fourth known antenna is not of the pellet type.
  • This antenna is described in an article "Stacked Dielectric Antenna for Multifrequency Operation ”, A. Sangiovanni; J.Y. Dauvignac; Ch. Pichot, Microwave & Optical Technology Letters Vol. 18, No. 4, July 1998; pp 303-306. It combines three resonant structures which are of the so-called dielectric type, that is to say that they each consist of a dielectric block of permittivity and suitable dimensions. The dimensions of this fourth antenna known does not seem to be able to be as small as often desired.
  • the coupling or mutual decoupling of the two resonant structures influences the possible values of the ratio of the effective resonant frequencies of these two structures.
  • the decoupling carried out according to this invention has the effect that a useful resonant frequency of each structure is practically determined by the geometrical and electromagnetic characteristics of this single structure, and that this frequency can therefore be chosen in a relatively free manner thanks to a adequate choice of these characteristics.
  • the ratio between the effective resonant frequencies of the two structures can then be freely chosen.
  • a strong coupling appeared to have to be carried out between two structures to allow one of these structures to be coupled to the external processing member by means of the another, which was the only one to be considered as being usefully coupled to this organ.
  • the ratio of these two frequencies deviate more strongly from the unit than in the antennas known. It is for example greater than 1.5.
  • the ratio of the two frequencies could similarly deviate from the number two plus strongly than in known antennas. For example, it would be greater than 3.
  • a frequency ratio deviation rate would be equal to 1.5, this rate being the ratio between two values of the frequency ratio, one of these values resulting from an implementation of this invention, the other resulting unlike a strong coupling between the two resonant structures. This rate can advantageously reach higher values such as two and beyond.
  • the internal coupling device is a coplanar line.
  • the electric field of a traveling wave is established symmetrically between on the one hand a central conductive tape and on the other hand two conductive pads located on either side of this strip of which they are respectively separated by two slots, this ribbon and these beaches being located in the same plane.
  • This invention takes advantage, if not of this symmetry in this plane around the axis of the ribbon, at least because the possibilities of coupling from such a line formed in a plane are the same on one side and the other of this plan.
  • the internal coupling device could have the form a single slit line or any other line which would be constituted by slits formed in a conductive layer and capable of guiding a wave progressive.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device for radiocommunication including an antenna given as an example of this invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of this same antenna after removal of the two upper layers to reveal a coupling layer.
  • FIG. 3 represents a top view of this same antenna.
  • a antenna As shown in Figure 1, three mutually crossed directions constitute for a antenna respectively a longitudinal direction DL, a transverse direction DT and a vertical direction DV, these two longitudinal and transverse directions constituting horizontal directions, these terms being used to facilitate the description and independently of the gravity.
  • the longitudinal direction has a direct direction, which is that of the arrow DL, and a retrograde direction opposite to this direct direction.
  • This antenna includes a plurality of layers A, B, C, D, E, forming a succession according to this vertical direction.
  • Each layer such that C has an area extending along said direction DL of the longitudinal direction of a rear edge such as CW (see figure 2) at a front edge such as CV of this layer, this area further extending in the transverse direction DT.
  • It also has a thickness extending according to the vertical direction DV. At least one of these layers is conductive and constitutes a coupling layer C. Two other layers are dielectric and constitute a lower dielectric layer B and a dielectric layer upper D extending below and above this layer of coupling, respectively.
  • Layers A, B and C form a lower resonant structure ABC and layers C, D and E form a superior CDE resonant structure.
  • Each of these structures allows electromagnetic waves progressive to spread in the two so-called sense of direction longitudinal while undergoing in this structure reflections capable of form at least one standing wave having a frequency of this structure. It is a resonance frequency defined by a length electric of this structure and by a propagation speed proper to this structure and defined by this structure for these traveling waves.
  • This standing wave is able to exchange energy with radiated waves in the space outside the antenna.
  • Resonant frequencies considered here for resonant structures are frequencies bandwidth averages of these structures, these bandwidths being defined in the usual manner in the antenna technique.
  • the antenna also includes an internal coupling device capable of guiding traveling waves exchanging energy with the two standing waves formed in the lower resonant structures and superior. Electromagnetic energy can therefore be exchanged between said outer space and this coupling device through each of the two resonant structures at the frequency of this structure.
  • the coupling layer C has two slots extending substantially in the longitudinal direction DL from the edge CW rear of this layer. These slots constitute coupling slots such as CF. They delimit in this layer a ribbon constituting a ribbon CR coupling. This ribbon is connected to a main part of this layer inside the area of this layer. It cooperates with these slots and this part main line to form a coupling line CF, CR which constitutes the line coplanar and the internal coupling device previously mentioned.
  • this antenna is connected to a signal processor 1 such as a transmitter if the antenna works in transmission or a receiver if it works in reception. She is equipped for this with two terminals through which it receives energy from such a transmitter or provides energy to such a receiver. These two terminals are typically located on the rear edge CW of the layer of coupling and they are formed one by the coupling tape, the other by the parts of this layer located beyond the coupling slots. It is between these two terminals that an antenna impedance can be measured, impedance to which the processing device must be adapted.
  • each of the resonant structures could be constituted only by one or more dielectric layers, as are those of dielectric antennas.
  • the antenna further includes at least one external conductive layer such as layers A and E, one of the two dielectric layers such as B and D being disposed between this external conductive layer and the layer of coupling C. This external conductive layer cooperates with this layer dielectric and with this coupling layer to constitute one of the two resonant structures.
  • a first layer of these two layers external and coupling conductors for example layer C or layer E, has horizontal dimensions, or at least one longitudinal dimension, smaller than a conductive structure formed by a second of these two layers, for example layer A, or including this second layer, for example layer C which could form such a conductive structure with layer C.
  • This first layer and this conductive structure constitute respectively for this structure a pellet (sometimes designated by the English word "patch") and a mass (sometimes referred to by the words English “ground plane”) such that said frequency of this structure is essentially dependent on an electrical length of this patch and independent of these longitudinal dimensions of this mass.
  • Radiated waves emitted or received by such a structure resonant with pellet can only propagate in the vicinity of the antenna in half the space which, relative to the ground plane of this structure, is located on the same side as its patch.
  • the two structures resonants are of the pellet type, i.e. the antenna includes two external conductive layers. These are a lower conductive layer A extending under the lower dielectric layer B to form the structure lower resonant ABC and an upper conductive layer E extending on the upper dielectric layer D to form the resonant structure superior CDE.
  • the two resonant structures could have the same mass which would be entirely common to them. This mass should then be made up by the coupling layer C whose longitudinal dimensions and transverse would be chosen for this larger than those of each pellets of these structures. As a result, the radiated waves emitted or received by these two structures could not propagate, at vicinity of the antenna, only in the two halves of the space located respectively on either side of the plane of this mass. Such a provision would be troublesome in most of the applications envisaged, because it is with a same half of the space that these apps require as energy electromagnetic can be exchanged on several different frequencies.
  • the lower conductive layer A has horizontal dimensions sufficient to constitute the mass of at least the resonant structure lower ABC.
  • the coupling layer C then constitutes both the patch of this structure and at least an internal part of the mass of the structure CDE upper resonant, the latter being constituted by the upper conductive layer E.
  • the coupling layer a horizontal dimensions sufficient to constitute the mass alone of the upper resonant structure. But she could also have insufficient dimensions for this. In the latter case, part peripheral of this mass would be constituted by the conductive layer lower and a peripheral part of the lower dielectric layer could intervene in the upper resonant structure.
  • each of the resonant pellet structures may have resonances of various types such as half wave and quarter wave types.
  • this antenna includes in addition at least one short-circuit conductor such as RAC specific to one at least such that ABC of the two resonant structures.
  • RAC short-circuit conductor
  • Such a driver connect the rear edge such as CW of pad C of this structure to the mass A of this structure, thanks to which this structure has a resonance of the quarter wave type. It meets the rear edge CW of the coupling layer at the outside of a coupling segment SC belonging to this edge and including the CR coupling tape and CF coupling slots. Its presence allows limit the length of the antenna by using a quarter resonance wave and its position on the rear edge CW prevents it from disturbing the operation of the internal coupling device.
  • a line of the type microstrip appears consisting of the CR coupling tape which cooperates with a mass through the lower dielectric layer B, this mass being constituted by layer A.
  • this line appears arranged so to be able to power the antenna if the latter is operating in transmission.
  • the antenna power is then however essentially provided by the coplanar line formed by the cooperation of this same CR tape with the rest of the coupling layer through the coupling slots.
  • the thickness of layer B is chosen sufficiently large and its permittivity small enough for this. This choice leads in particular that the antenna impedance is at least closer to that of this coplanar line as that of this microstrip line.
  • each quarter-wave structure such as ABC is provided two short circuit conductors such as RAC meeting said edge back CW of coupling layer C respectively on both sides of said SC coupling segment.
  • the two structures resonant lower ABC and upper CDE are of the quarter wave type.
  • the realization of two short circuit conductors such as RAC and RCE belonging respectively to these two structures and mutually superimposed is then facilitated by the fact that these two conductors are constituted by two ribbons extending in continuity from each other.
  • these two conductors are then produced collectively in the form of a short circuit ribbon spanning the entire height of a rear edge, vertical and transverse, of a plate rectangular formed by the stacking of all the layers of the antenna.
  • the thickness of this plate is essentially made up of those of the dielectric layers B and D, the lengths and widths of these two layers being the same and the thickness of each of them being uniform in its area.
  • the propagation speed specific to the superior resonant structure CDE is advantageously greater than 150% of the propagation velocity specific to the lower resonant structure BC and the frequency of this higher resonant structure is greater than 150% of the frequency of this lower resonant structure.
  • These speeds of propagation are average velocities of the longitudinal propagation electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 1 GHz in these structures.
  • the wave propagation speed in this structure would be a function of the quantities w, h and r, w being the width of this patch, h being the thickness of this dielectric layer and r being its relative permittivity. This function is given in particular in the book “Transmission Line Design Handbook”, Brian C. Wadell, Artech House, Boston, London. This speed is a physical characteristic of this structure.
  • the frequency of such a structure is proportional to the speed of its own propagation divided by an electrical length of this structure. This is why, in a practical case, and to limit the size, taking into account the available substrates likely to constitute the dielectric layers B and D, two arrangements appeared desirable. According to a first arrangement, the tablet is given the higher resonant structure slightly shorter electrical length to that of the pellet of the lower resonant structure so that, taking into account of the ratio between the propagation velocities in these two structures, the frequency of this higher structure is close to twice that of this lower structure. According to the second of these provisions the report desired for the propagation speeds specific to these two structures is obtained by the choice of the permittivities of the substrates, their thicknesses being the same.
  • the pad E of the superior resonant structure CDE advantageously has the form of two resonant tapes EL and EH connected respectively to the two tapes short circuit such as RCE tape and extending longitudinally from of these on the upper dielectric layer D.
  • This arrangement allows two folded metal ribbons to be used to make the patch at the same time upper and short circuit ribbons. It also broadens the bandwidth of the upper resonant structure due to the fact that the two EL and EH coupling tapes have two respective lengths slightly different.
  • the widths of these two ribbons are equal and they are sufficient for each of them to play the role of an elementary pellet, that is to say that two resonances appear whose central frequencies are inversely proportional to the two lengths of these ribbons and are therefore slightly different.
  • the bandwidths corresponding to these two resonances then partially overlap so that a widening of the bandwidth of the structure including these two ribbons and not a duplication of this band.
  • Another antenna according to this invention could have a lower resonant structure and a coupling line similar to those which have been described above. It would differ from it by the fact that only the structure resonant lower ABC would be of the quarter wave type.
  • the coupling line (CF, CR) would then extend from the trailing edge CW of the layer of coupling C at least as far as a median zone of the length of the pellet E of the upper resonance structure CDE, so as to make appear in this structure a half wave type resonance.
  • the upper resonant structure has a resonance of the type half wave allows both to give its frequency a double value of that of the lower resonant structure, and to use, to constitute the dielectric layers B and D, two mutually identical substrates having therefore the same thickness and the same permittivity. It thus facilitates the realization of an antenna having two frequencies in a ratio close to of them.
  • This connection is, for example, made by a coaxial line whose the axial conductor 3 is soldered to the CR coupling tape and whose mass 4 is connected to two of the short circuit strips such as RAC or such that RCE.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
EP00402192A 1999-08-05 2000-07-31 Antenne à empilement de structures résonantes et dispositif de radiocommunication multifréquence incluant cette antenne Withdrawn EP1075043A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9910180 1999-08-05
FR9910180A FR2797352B1 (fr) 1999-08-05 1999-08-05 Antenne a empilement de structures resonantes et dispositif de radiocommunication multifrequence incluant cette antenne

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1075043A1 true EP1075043A1 (fr) 2001-02-07

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EP00402192A Withdrawn EP1075043A1 (fr) 1999-08-05 2000-07-31 Antenne à empilement de structures résonantes et dispositif de radiocommunication multifréquence incluant cette antenne

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Country Link
US (1) US6304220B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1075043A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2001077623A (ja)
CN (1) CN1184838C (ja)
AU (1) AU4892800A (ja)
CA (1) CA2314826A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2797352B1 (ja)
SG (1) SG109428A1 (ja)

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FR2797352B1 (fr) 2007-04-20
FR2797352A1 (fr) 2001-02-09
US6304220B1 (en) 2001-10-16
SG109428A1 (en) 2005-03-30
CA2314826A1 (fr) 2001-02-05
CN1283941A (zh) 2001-02-14
AU4892800A (en) 2001-02-08
JP2001077623A (ja) 2001-03-23
CN1184838C (zh) 2005-01-12

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