EP1070917B1 - Procédé pour la suppression active d'instabilités fluidiques dans un système de combustion et système de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour la suppression active d'instabilités fluidiques dans un système de combustion et système de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1070917B1
EP1070917B1 EP00810632A EP00810632A EP1070917B1 EP 1070917 B1 EP1070917 B1 EP 1070917B1 EP 00810632 A EP00810632 A EP 00810632A EP 00810632 A EP00810632 A EP 00810632A EP 1070917 B1 EP1070917 B1 EP 1070917B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion system
lines
premixing
mass flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00810632A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1070917A1 (fr
Inventor
Adnan Dr. Eroglu
Christian Oliver Dr. Paschereit
Wolfgang Prof. Dr. Polifke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1070917A1 publication Critical patent/EP1070917A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/22—Oscillators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion technology. It relates to a method for the active suppression of fluid mechanics Instabilities in a combustion system according to the preamble of the claim 1. It also relates to a combustion system for carrying out the Process.
  • Burn instabilities suggested using an active control system have been in either an open or closed control loop the supply of fuel and / or combustion air to the burner or Brennem is controlled or modulated in a defined manner. That's how one relates older, not previously published application by the applicant, for example, to the active control of the instabilities in a premix burner, e.g. in the EP-B1-0 321 809 is shown in FIG. 1 there.
  • a premix burner e.g. in the EP-B1-0 321 809
  • the fuel flows into the loop asymmetrical two outer fuel lines (8, 9 in Fig. 1 of EP-B1-0 321 809) with frequencies between 0.3 Hz and 5 kHz, preferably between 5 Hz and 200 Hz, modulated.
  • the modulation takes place with the help of two fuel valves, which are inserted into the fuel lines.
  • a disadvantage is the use of mechanically moved, electrically driven Fuel valves, the mechanically moving parts are present at the modulation frequencies used are subject to increased wear and are subject to restrictions with regard to functional safety. Another disadvantage is the independent energy requirement of the valves, the additional one Circuit measures required. Fluidic elements for modulating the fuel supply are known from US 3,748,852 and US 3,388,862.
  • the object is achieved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
  • the essence of the invention is to modulate the fuel supply instead use of the mechanically operated valves to apply fluidic methods, i.e., the fuel flows through fluidic means without moving To change parts, using fluidic switches or control elements come.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is thereby characterized in that within the combustion system the fuel in two separate fuel lines for premixing, and that to Modulation of the supplied fuel with the fuel mass flow the fluidics alternately on both fuel lines in different ways is divided.
  • Such an alternating division is especially for premix burners the above Kind suitable because this advantageously the axial symmetry disturbed the combustion flame and those associated with the axial symmetry axially symmetrical vortex structures and pressure vibrations suppressed or be prevented from arising.
  • the alternating division can consist, for example, that both fuel lines equally a first unmodulated partial mass flow of fuel is supplied is, while a second partial mass flow alternately over one of the two Fuel lines is additionally supplied. This is in the fuel supply not used the full modulation depth.
  • the modulation is preferably carried out using a periodic time function Frequency and amplitude.
  • the frequencies depend on the Geometry and mode of operation of the combustion system and are usually in an area related to the prior art above has already been mentioned.
  • the destruction of the vibrations favoring symmetries in the flame or combustion chamber can be achieved on the one hand in that the Fuel via the two fuel lines to a single premixing device directed and injected there at different points.
  • the combustion system according to the invention which has a premixing device for mixing the fuel with the combustion air, at least one Fuel line for supplying the fuel to the premixing device, and Includes means for modulating the mass flow of the fuel supplied characterized in that the modulation means comprise a fluidic element.
  • a preferred embodiment of the combustion system according to the invention is characterized in that the fuel is supplied via two fuel lines and that the fluidic element is designed and with the two Fuel lines is connected that at least part of the modulation supplied fuel mass flow alternately on one of the two fuel lines is switched.
  • the two fuel lines run to the same premixing device, and the premixing device is designed that the fuel from each of the fuel lines is on a different one Point of the premixing device is injected.
  • the fluidic element used preferably comprises a fuel inlet and two Y-branching from the fuel inlet and with the fuel lines related fuel outlets, as well as two across the fuel inlet running, opposite control channels, which in the area the branch of the fuel outlets lead into the fuel inlet and by applying excess or negative pressure a deflection of the the fuel mass flow entering the fuel inlet from one to the other Allow fuel outlet.
  • the desired modulation is particularly simple with the aid of this fluidic element reached when the two control channels through an outside of the fluidic element running connecting pipe of a given length in a closed Circle are interconnected.
  • a first embodiment of a combustion system according to the Invention reproduced.
  • the combustion system 10 includes a (schematic shown) premix burner 17, for example as a double cone burner is formed, as shown in Fig. 1 of EP-B1-0 321 809.
  • the premix burner 17 becomes a (gaseous) fuel on two opposite Sides injected and mixed with the necessary combustion air.
  • fuel for the premix burner 17 is supplied via two separate fuel lines 15 and 16 brought up, which via a fluidic element 11 from a common fuel inlet 12 are fed.
  • the fluidic element 11 preferably has the (schematic) representation shown in FIG. 4. inner structure.
  • the fuel inlet 12 branches after a constriction inside the element Y-shaped in two sloping fuel outlets 31 and 32 to which the fuel lines 15, 16 are connected are. Furthermore, there are two in the interior of the fluidic element transverse to the fuel inlet 12 extending, opposite control channels 27 and 28 are provided, the in the area of the branch of the fuel outlets 31, 32 in the Fuel inlet 12 open.
  • the function of the fluidic element 11 is based on the principles of the Prandtl diffuser and the Coanda effect.
  • the through the Fuel inlet 12 inflowing mass flow has the natural tendency to result the Coanda effect to flow through one of the fuel outlets 31, 32 (In Fig.
  • the fluidic element 11 in Fig. 1 from a controller 14 via a control line 13 with corresponding periodic pressure surges on the control channels 27, 28 of the fluidic element, it periodically switches to distributes the Fuel mass flow at the fuel inlet 12 to one of the two fuel outlets 31, 32 and thus on one of the two fuel lines 15, 16.
  • the modulation arrangement becomes particularly simple if the (dashed) Control 14 together with control line 13 is completely dispensed with.
  • the two control channels 27 and 28 externally connected to each other by a connecting pipe 29 and thus form a closed circle.
  • the Geometry of the circle, especially the effective length of the connecting pipe 29, determines the tilt frequency and can be selected so that a optimal modulation frequency to suppress combustion vibrations established.
  • the particular advantage of this arrangement is that no supply or control devices for the modulation are required.
  • the desired symmetry disturbance in a Combustion system 20 in which several premix burners 18, 19 in parallel a combustion chamber work, can also be achieved in that the two from the (modulated) fuel lines 15, 16 coming separately from the fluidic element 11 can be connected to the various premix burners 18, 19.
  • the interaction between the two premix burners 18 prevents 19 the formation of thermoacoustic instabilities.
  • FIG. 3 it is also conceivable within the scope of the invention, instead of FIG. 3 to modulate a mixing tube 21 of a premix burner.
  • this mixing tube 21 are the fuel lines 15, 16 coming from the fluidic element 11 to two opposite Injection devices 23, 24 connected through which the Fuel in the area of a swirl element arranged in the interior of the mixing tube 21 25 injected and with the combustion air flowing in through the air inlet 22 whirling is mixed.
  • the mixing tube 21 with the swirl element can be constructed similarly to that described in US Pat. No. 4,226,083 is.

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé pour la suppression active d'instabilités fluidiques dans un système de combustion (10, 20, 30) dans lequel du combustible liquide ou gazeux est prémélangé à de l'air de combustion et le mélange air-combustible est ensuite brûlé, dans lequel procédé le débit massique du combustible introduit est modulé selon une fonction temporelle sélectionnée, caractérisé en ce que la modulation s'effectue avec les moyens de la fluidique (11).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le combustible à l'intérieur du système de combustion (10, 20, 30) est guidé vers le prémélange dans deux conduites de combustible séparées (15, 16), et en ce que pour la modulation du combustible introduit, le débit massique de combustible est divisé avec les moyens de la fluidique (11) en alternance de manière différente dans les deux conduites de combustible (15, 16).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le débit massique de combustible est guidé en alternance par l'une des deux conduites de combustible (15, 16).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la modulation s'effectue avec une fonction temporelle périodique de fréquence et d'amplitude données.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que le combustible est guidé par le biais des deux conduites de combustible (15, 16) vers un dispositif de prémélange unique (17, 21) et y est injecté vers différents endroits.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que le combustible est guidé par le biais des deux conduites de combustible (15, 16) vers des dispositifs de prémélange différents (18, 19) à l'intérieur du même système de combustion (20) et y est injecté.
  7. Système de combustion (10, 20, 30) pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, lequel système de combustion (10, 20, 30) comprend un dispositif de prémélange (17, 18, 19, 21) pour le mélange du combustible avec l'air de combustion, au moins une conduite de combustible (15, 16) pour l'introduction du combustible dans le dispositif de prémélange (10, 20, 30) ainsi que des moyens pour la modulation du débit massique du combustible introduit, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de modulation comprennent un élément fluidique (11).
  8. Système de combustion selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le combustible est introduit par le biais de deux conduites de combustible (15, 16), et en ce que l'élément fluidique (11) est conçu de telle sorte et est raccordé aux deux conduites de combustible (15, 16) de telle sorte que lors de la modulation, au moins une partie du débit massique de combustible introduit soit commuté en alternance à l'une des deux conduites de combustible (15, 16).
  9. Système de combustion selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les deux conduites de combustible (15, 16) conduisent à différents dispositifs de prémélange (18, 19) à l'intérieur du système de combustion (20).
  10. Système de combustion selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de prémélange sont des brûleurs à prémélange (18, 19).
  11. Système de combustion selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les deux conduites de combustible (15, 16) conduisent au même dispositif de prémélange (17, 21) et en ce que le dispositif de prémélange (17, 21) est conçu de telle sorte que le combustible soit injecté depuis chacune des conduites de combustible (15, 16) à un autre endroit du dispositif de prémélange (17, 21).
  12. Système de combustion selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de prémélange (17, 21) présente une direction d'écoulement principale pour le mélange air-carburant et en ce que le combustible introduit par les deux conduites de combustible (15, 16) est injecté transversalement à la direction d'écoulement principale à des endroits opposés l'un à l'autre (23, 24).
  13. Système de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 et 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de prémélange est un brûleur à prémélange (17).
  14. Système de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 et 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de prémélange est un tube de mélange (21).
  15. Système de combustion selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le tube de mélange (21) présente en son intérieur un élément de tourbillonnement (25), et en ce que dans la région de l'élément de tourbillonnement (25) sont disposés deux dispositifs d'injection (23, 24) opposés, orientés transversalement à l'axe du tube dans le tube de mélange (21).
  16. Système de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'élément fluidique (11) comprend une entrée de combustible (12) et deux sorties de combustible (31, 32) s'écartant en forme de Y de l'entrée de combustible (12) et raccordées aux conduites de combustible (15, 16), et en ce qu'il est prévu deux conduits de commande (27, 28) opposés s'étendant transversalement à l'entrée de combustible (12), lesquels débouchent dans la région du branchement des sorties de combustible (31, 32) dans l'entrée de combustible (12) et permettent, par sollicitation avec une surpression ou une dépression, de dévier le débit massique de combustible entrant à travers l'entrée de combustible (12), d'une sortie de combustible à l'autre (31, respectivement 32).
  17. Système de combustion selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que les deux conduits de commande (27, 28) sont raccordés l'un à l'autre dans un circuit fermé par un tube de raccordement (29) de longueur prédéfinie s'étendant à l'extérieur de l'élément fluidique (11).
EP00810632A 1999-07-23 2000-07-18 Procédé pour la suppression active d'instabilités fluidiques dans un système de combustion et système de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Expired - Lifetime EP1070917B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934612 1999-07-23
DE19934612A DE19934612A1 (de) 1999-07-23 1999-07-23 Verfahren zur aktiven Unterdrückung von strömungsmechanischen Instabilitäten in einem Verbrennungssystem sowie Verbrennungssystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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EP1070917A1 EP1070917A1 (fr) 2001-01-24
EP1070917B1 true EP1070917B1 (fr) 2003-09-17

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US (1) US6343927B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1070917B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001059602A (fr)
DE (2) DE19934612A1 (fr)

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DE10257245A1 (de) * 2002-12-07 2004-07-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
EP1533569B1 (fr) * 2003-11-20 2016-02-17 Alstom Technology Ltd Méthode de fonctionnement d'un appareil de combustion
DE102004015187A1 (de) 2004-03-29 2005-10-20 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden Brennkammer für eine Gasturbine und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
US7922481B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2011-04-12 EBM—Papst Landshut GmbH Method for setting the air ratio on a firing device and a firing device
US7568349B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-08-04 General Electric Company Method for controlling combustion device dynamics
US8266911B2 (en) * 2005-11-14 2012-09-18 General Electric Company Premixing device for low emission combustion process
US8028512B2 (en) 2007-11-28 2011-10-04 Solar Turbines Inc. Active combustion control for a turbine engine
DE102008037247A1 (de) 2008-08-09 2010-02-11 Dürr Ecoclean GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines gepulsten Strahls eines flüssigen Fluids
JP4997645B2 (ja) * 2008-10-14 2012-08-08 独立行政法人 宇宙航空研究開発機構 流体素子による空気流量配分制御機構を備えた燃焼器
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JP5801675B2 (ja) * 2011-10-03 2015-10-28 大陽日酸株式会社 バーナおよびバーナ燃焼方法
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US10465903B2 (en) * 2015-03-13 2019-11-05 Guangdong Midea Kitchen Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Burner
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DE102016005155B4 (de) * 2016-04-28 2024-05-08 Ibu-Tec Advanced Materials Ag Schwingfeuerreaktor mit pulsierender Flamme und Verfahren für eine thermische Materialbehandlung oder Materialsynthese
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DE19934612A1 (de) 2001-01-25
DE50003703D1 (de) 2003-10-23
EP1070917A1 (fr) 2001-01-24
US6343927B1 (en) 2002-02-05
JP2001059602A (ja) 2001-03-06

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