EP1067829B1 - Plasma nozzle - Google Patents

Plasma nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1067829B1
EP1067829B1 EP00113748A EP00113748A EP1067829B1 EP 1067829 B1 EP1067829 B1 EP 1067829B1 EP 00113748 A EP00113748 A EP 00113748A EP 00113748 A EP00113748 A EP 00113748A EP 1067829 B1 EP1067829 B1 EP 1067829B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
nozzle according
plasma nozzle
plasma
mouthpiece
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EP00113748A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1067829A3 (en
EP1067829A2 (en
Inventor
Peter FÖRNSEL
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Plasma Treat GmbH
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Plasma Treat GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3463—Oblique nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma nozzle for pretreating surfaces with a tubular housing having an axis, which forms a nozzle channel through which a working gas, with an electrode arranged coaxially to the axis in the nozzle channel and with a counter electrode surrounding the nozzle channel, wherein a high voltage generator for generating a high-frequency AC voltage between the electrode and the counter electrode is provided.
  • a plasma nozzle of this type is described in DE 195 32 412 A and serves, for example, to pretreat plastic surfaces in such a way that it is possible or easier to apply adhesives, printing inks and the like onto the plastic surface.
  • Such a pretreatment is required because plastic surfaces are not wettable with liquids in the normal state and therefore do not accept the printing ink or the adhesive.
  • the pre-treatment changes the surface structure of the plastic so that the surface becomes wettable for relatively high surface tension liquids.
  • the surface tension of the liquids with which the surface is just still wettable represents a measure of the quality of the pretreatment.
  • a relatively cool, but highly reactive plasma jet is achieved, which has approximately the shape and dimensions of a candle flame and thus also the pretreatment of profile parts relatively deep relief allowed. Due to the high reactivity of the plasma jet, a very short-term pretreatment is sufficient, so that the workpiece can be guided past the plasma jet at a correspondingly high speed. Due to the comparatively low temperature of the plasma jet, therefore, the pretreatment of heat-sensitive plastics is possible. Since no counter electrode on the back of the workpiece is required, the surfaces of any thick, block-like workpieces, hollow bodies and the like can be easily pretreated. For a uniform treatment of larger surfaces, a battery of several staggered plasma nozzles has been proposed in the cited publication. In this case, however, a relatively high expenditure on equipment is required.
  • DE 298 05 999 U discloses a device in which two plasma nozzles are arranged eccentrically and with parallel axes on a common rotary head, so that when the surface is swept over by the rotary head, a strip is pretreated whose width corresponds to the diameter of the rotary head.
  • this device is not suitable for treating curved surfaces whose radius of curvature is of the order of the diameter of the rotary head.
  • high inertial and gyroscopic forces occur when the rotary head is moved in several axes, for example by means of a robot arm.
  • the plasma is ejected in the axial direction of the nozzle channel in the known plasma nozzles.
  • This has the disadvantage in complicated-shaped workpieces that the points to be treated are often difficult to achieve, especially when the nozzle is guided along the workpiece by means of a robot.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a plasma nozzle, with which the desired surface areas of the workpiece can be pretreated faster.
  • the housing or at least the part of the housing forming the nozzle channel or the mouthpiece is preferably rotatable relative to the housing about its axis. If the housing or the mouthpiece is set in rapid rotation and the plasma nozzle is guided along the workpiece, it is thus possible in one operation to treat a surface strip whose width is substantially greater than the diameter of the plasma jet. Since only a single nozzle is used, the expenditure on equipment is significantly lower than in the case of the rotary head described above. In addition, significantly smaller inertial forces arise because the housing rotates about its longitudinal axis. Thus, a plasma nozzle is provided which has a compact construction and nevertheless allows a rational plasma treatment of larger surfaces.
  • the housing or the mouthpiece is thus rotatable relative to the electrodes arranged in the nozzle channel and to the supply device for the working gas, so that this electrode and the gas supply device can be held rotationally fixed and only the surrounding housing or only the mouthpiece rotates.
  • the counter electrode can be formed directly by the rotating housing and is preferably grounded, so that no contact protection measures are required for the housing and the associated rotary drive.
  • the deflection angle of the plasma jet relative to the axis of rotation can be selected as needed and may for example be 90 °.
  • the plasma nozzle is particularly suitable for pretreating the inner surfaces of pipes or hoses. For example, it is possible to mount the plasma nozzle within the annular gap of an extrusion die, so that a freshly extruded pipe string can be pretreated immediately after it leaves the extruder.
  • the working gas is preferably twisted so that it flows vortex-shaped through the nozzle channel and therefore channels the arc formed between the electrode and the counter electrode into the mouth region of the nozzle channel in the vortex core.
  • the plasma jet is stabilized, and in the vortex core there is an intimate contact between the working gas and the arc, so that the reactivity of the plasma is increased.
  • the plasma nozzle shown in FIG. 1 has a tubular housing 10 which, in its upper area in the drawing, widens in diameter and is rotatably mounted on a fixed support tube 14 with the aid of a bearing 12. Inside the housing 10, a nozzle channel 16 is formed, which leads from the open end of the support tube 14 to an opening 18 in the drawing lower end of the housing.
  • an electrically insulating ceramic tube 20 is inserted in the support tube 14.
  • a working gas for example air
  • the working gas is supplied through the support tube 14 and the ceramic tube 20 into the nozzle channel 16.
  • the working gas is twisted so that it flows vortex-shaped through the nozzle channel 16 to the mouth 18, as symbolized in the drawing by a helical arrow.
  • the nozzle channel 16 thus creates a vortex core which extends along the axis A of the housing.
  • a pin-shaped electrode 24 is mounted, which protrudes coaxially into the nozzle channel 16 and to which by means of a high voltage generator 26, a high-frequency alternating voltage is applied.
  • the metal housing 10 is grounded through the bearing 12 and the support tube 14 and serves as a counter electrode, so that an electrical discharge between the electrode 24 and the housing 10 can be caused.
  • the high voltage generator 26 is switched on, due to the high frequency of the alternating voltage and due to the dielectricity of the ceramic tube 20, a corona discharge first occurs at the swirl device 22 and the electrode 24. This corona discharge ignites an arc discharge from the electrode 24 to the housing 10.
  • the arc of this discharge is entrained by the vortexed incoming working gas and channeled in the core of the vortex-shaped gas flow, so that the arc then extends almost straight from the top of the electrode 24 along the axis A and only in the area the mouth of the housing 10 branches radially onto the housing wall. In this way, a plasma jet 28 is generated, which exits through the mouth 18.
  • the mouth 18 of the nozzle channel is formed by a mouthpiece 30 made of metal, which is screwed into a threaded bore 32 of the housing 10 and in which a tapered to the mouth 18 and obliquely with respect to the axis A extending channel 34 is formed.
  • the plasma jet 28 emerging from the orifice 18 forms an angle with the axis A of the housing, which angle is approximately 45 ° in the example shown.
  • this angle can be varied as needed.
  • a gear 36 is arranged, which is in driving connection with a motor, not shown, for example via a toothed belt or a pinion.
  • the motor driven housing 10 is rotated at high speed about the axis A, so that the plasma jet 28 describes a conical surface that sweeps over the surface of a workpiece, not shown, to be machined.
  • the plasma nozzle is moved along the surface of the workpiece or vice versa, the workpiece is moved along the plasma nozzle, a relatively uniform pretreatment of the surface of the workpiece is achieved on a strip whose width to the diameter of the cone described by the plasma jet 28 on the Workpiece surface corresponds.
  • the width of the pretreated area can be influenced.
  • the plasma jet 28 impinging obliquely on the workpiece surface which in turn is twisted, intensive action of the plasma on the workpiece surface is achieved.
  • the twist direction of the plasma jet can be in the same direction or in opposite directions to the direction of rotation of the housing 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which only the mouthpiece 30 is rotatable relative to the stationary housing 10.
  • the housing 10 is tapered conically at its outlet end and forms an axial / radial bearing for a flared upstream portion of the mouthpiece 30.
  • the bearing is formed in the example shown as a magnetic bearing 38.
  • the mouthpiece 30 is pressed by the dynamic pressure of the outflowing air against the conical bearing surface of the housing 10, but is held by the magnetic bearing 38 without contact in the housing, so that it is on its entire circumference forms a narrow gap with a width of only about 0.1 to 0.2 mm with the housing.
  • the grounding of the mouthpiece 30 is carried out by sparkover across this gap.
  • an aerodynamic drive is provided in the example shown, for example in the form of an air nozzle 40, are flowed through the arranged on the outer periphery of the mouthpiece blades 42 tangentially with air.
  • the aerodynamic drive can also be done by arranged inside the mouthpiece blades or ribs, which are acted upon by the air flowing in a spiral manner through the channel 34.
  • the rotational movement of the mouthpiece 30 can also be generated in that the mouth 18 is made somewhat in the circumferential direction, so that the mouthpiece is rotated by the recoil of the outflowing air in rotation.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the rotary drive is structurally simplified and the moment of inertia of the rotating masses is limited to a minimum.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The plasma nozzle is designed so that the mouth (18) of the nozzle duct is curved in relation to the vertical axis (A). The housing (10) is rotatable about its axis (A). The housing (10) is located rotationally on a carrying tube (14). The counter electrode is formed by the housing (10).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Plasmadüse zum Vorbehandeln von Oberflächen mit einem rohrförmigen, eine Achse aufweisenden Gehäuse, das einen von einem Arbeitsgas durchströmten Düsenkanal bildet, mit einer koaxial zur Achse in dem Düsenkanal angeordneten Elektrode und mit einer den Düsenkanal umgebenden Gegenelektrode, wobei ein Hochspannungsgenerator zum Erzeugen einer hochfrequenten Wechselspannung zwischen der Elektrode und der Gegenelektrode vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a plasma nozzle for pretreating surfaces with a tubular housing having an axis, which forms a nozzle channel through which a working gas, with an electrode arranged coaxially to the axis in the nozzle channel and with a counter electrode surrounding the nozzle channel, wherein a high voltage generator for generating a high-frequency AC voltage between the electrode and the counter electrode is provided.

Eine Plasmadüse dieser Art wird in DE 195 32 412 A beschrieben und dient beispielsweise dazu, Kunststoffoberflächen so vorzubehandeln, dass ein Auftragen von Klebstoffen, Druckfarben und dergleichen auf die Kunststoffoberfläche ermöglicht oder erleichtert wird. Eine solche Vorbehandlung ist erforderlich, da Kunststoffoberflächen im Normalzustand nicht mit Flüssigkeiten benetzbar sind und deshalb die Druckfarbe oder den Klebstoff nicht annehmen. Durch die Vorbehandlung wird die Oberflächenstrukturdes Kunststoffs so verändert, dass die Oberfläche für Flüssigkeiten mit relativ großer Oberflächenspannung benetzbar wird. Die Oberflächenspannung der Flüssigkeiten, mit denen die Oberfläche gerade noch benetzbar ist, stellt ein Maß für die Qualität der Vorbehandlung dar.A plasma nozzle of this type is described in DE 195 32 412 A and serves, for example, to pretreat plastic surfaces in such a way that it is possible or easier to apply adhesives, printing inks and the like onto the plastic surface. Such a pretreatment is required because plastic surfaces are not wettable with liquids in the normal state and therefore do not accept the printing ink or the adhesive. The pre-treatment changes the surface structure of the plastic so that the surface becomes wettable for relatively high surface tension liquids. The surface tension of the liquids with which the surface is just still wettable represents a measure of the quality of the pretreatment.

Durch die bekannte Plasmadüse wird ein verhältnismäßig kühler, jedoch hochreaktiver Plasmastrahl erreicht, der etwa die Gestalt und die Abmessungen einer Kerzenflamme hat und somit auch die Vorbehandlung von Profilteilen mit verhältnismäßig tiefem Relief gestattet. Aufgrund der hohen Reaktivität des Plasmastrahls genügt eine sehr kurzzeitige Vorbehandlung, so dass das Werkstück mit entsprechend hoher Geschwindigkeit an dem Plasmastrahl vorbeigeführt werden kann. Aufgrund der vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperatur des Plasmastrahls ist daher auch die Vorbehandlung von wärmeempfindlichen Kunststoffen möglich. Da keine Gegenelektrode auf der Rückseite des Werkstücks erforderlich ist, können auch die Oberflächen von beliebig dicken, blockartigen Werkstücken, Hohlkörpern und dergleichen problemlos vorbehandelt werden. Für eine gleichmäßige Behandlung größerer Oberflächen ist in der genannten Veröffentlichung eine Batterie aus mehreren versetzt angeordneten Plasmadüsen vorgeschlagen worden. In diesem Fall ist jedoch ein relativ hoher apparativer Aufwand erforderlich.By the known plasma nozzle, a relatively cool, but highly reactive plasma jet is achieved, which has approximately the shape and dimensions of a candle flame and thus also the pretreatment of profile parts relatively deep relief allowed. Due to the high reactivity of the plasma jet, a very short-term pretreatment is sufficient, so that the workpiece can be guided past the plasma jet at a correspondingly high speed. Due to the comparatively low temperature of the plasma jet, therefore, the pretreatment of heat-sensitive plastics is possible. Since no counter electrode on the back of the workpiece is required, the surfaces of any thick, block-like workpieces, hollow bodies and the like can be easily pretreated. For a uniform treatment of larger surfaces, a battery of several staggered plasma nozzles has been proposed in the cited publication. In this case, however, a relatively high expenditure on equipment is required.

Zum Vorbehandeln größerer Flächen ist aus DE 298 05 999 U eine Vorrichtung bekannt, bei der zwei Plasmadüsen exzentrisch und mit parallelen Achsen auf einem gemeinsamen Rotationskopf angeordnet sind, so dass, wenn die Oberfläche mit dem Rotationskopf überstrichen wird, ein Streifen vorbehandelt wird, dessen Breite dem Durchmesser des Rotationskopfes entspricht. Diese Vorrichtung eignet sich jedoch nicht zum Behandeln von gewölbten Oberflächen, deren Krümmungsradius in der Größenordnung des Durchmessers des Rotationskopfes liegt. Außerdem treten aufgrund der exzentrischen Anordnung von mindestens zwei Düsen und aufgrund der relativ hohen Rotationsgeschwindigkeit hohe Trägheits- und Kreiselkräfte auf, wenn der Rotationskopf beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Roboterarms in mehren Achsen bewegt wird.For pretreatment of larger areas, DE 298 05 999 U discloses a device in which two plasma nozzles are arranged eccentrically and with parallel axes on a common rotary head, so that when the surface is swept over by the rotary head, a strip is pretreated whose width corresponds to the diameter of the rotary head. However, this device is not suitable for treating curved surfaces whose radius of curvature is of the order of the diameter of the rotary head. In addition, due to the eccentric arrangement of at least two nozzles and due to the relatively high rotational speed high inertial and gyroscopic forces occur when the rotary head is moved in several axes, for example by means of a robot arm.

Generell wird bei den bekannten Plasmadüsen das Plasma in Axialrichtung des Düsenkanals ausgestoßen. Dies hat bei kompliziert geformten Werkstücken den Nachteil, dass die zu behandelnden Stellen oft nur schwer zu erreichen sind, insbesondere, wenn die Düse mit Hilfe eines Roboters am Werkstück entlang geführt wird.In general, the plasma is ejected in the axial direction of the nozzle channel in the known plasma nozzles. This has the disadvantage in complicated-shaped workpieces that the points to be treated are often difficult to achieve, especially when the nozzle is guided along the workpiece by means of a robot.

Aus dem Stand der Technik der FR 2 672 459 Al, der DE 36 12 722 Al und die US 5,278,387 A sind Plasmabrenner bzw. Plasmaschneidern bekannt, die jeweils einen energiereichen Plasmastrahl mit hoher Temperatur erzeugen, deren gut gebündelte Plasmastrahlen in Ausgangsnähe umgelenkt werden. Die Plasmastrahlen werden zum Schmelzen des Oberflächenmaterials und zum Schweißen von Werkstücken eingesetzt.The prior art FR 2 672 459 A1, DE 36 12 722 A1 and US Pat. No. 5,278,387 A disclose plasma torches and plasma cutters, each of which generates a high-temperature plasma jet at high temperature whose well-focused plasma jets are deflected into the vicinity of the exit. The plasma jets are used to melt the surface material and to weld workpieces.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Plasmadüse zu schaffen, mit der die gewünschten Oberflächenbereiche des Werkstücks schneller vorbehandelt werden können.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a plasma nozzle, with which the desired surface areas of the workpiece can be pretreated faster.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Plasmadüse der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass die Mündung des Düsenkanals gegenüber der Achse des Gehäuses abgewinkelt ist.This object is achieved in a plasma nozzle of the type mentioned in that the mouth of the nozzle channel is angled relative to the axis of the housing.

Mit dieser Düse wird somit ein Plasmastrahl erzeugt, der schräg zur Achse des Düsenkanals gerichtet ist, so dass beispielsweise Hinterschnitte an einem Werkstück besser erreicht werden können.With this nozzle thus a plasma jet is generated, which is directed obliquely to the axis of the nozzle channel, so that, for example, undercuts on a workpiece can be better achieved.

Obgleich der Plasmastrahl an der Mündung der Düse aus der ursprünglichen Axialrichtung abgelenkt wird, hat sich in Versuchen gezeigt, dass die Stabilität des Plasmastrahls und seine Wirksamkeit bei der Vorbehandlung von Oberflächen nicht beeinträchtigt wird.Although the plasma jet at the mouth of the nozzle is deflected from the original axial direction, experiments have shown that the stability of the plasma jet and its effectiveness in the pretreatment of surfaces is not compromised.

Das Gehäuse oder zumindest der den Düsenkanal bildende Teil des Gehäuses oder das Mundstück ist in bevorzugter Weise gegenüber dem Gehäuse um seine Achse drehbar. Wenn das Gehäuse bzw. das Mundstück in rasche Drehung versetzt wird und die Plasmadüse am Werkstück entlang geführt wird, kann somit in einem Arbeitsgang ein Oberflächenstreifen behandelt werden, dessen Breite wesentlich größer ist als der Durchmesser des Plasmastrahls. Da nur mit einer einzigen Düse gearbeitet wird, ist der apparative Aufwand deutlich geringer als bei dem zuvor beschriebenen Rotationskopf. Außerdem ergeben sich deutlich kleinere Trägheitskräfte, da das Gehäuse um seine Längsachse rotiert. Es wird somit eine Plasmadüse geschaffen, die einen kompakten Aufbau aufweist und dennoch eine rationelle Plasmabehandlung größerer Oberflächen ermöglicht.The housing or at least the part of the housing forming the nozzle channel or the mouthpiece is preferably rotatable relative to the housing about its axis. If the housing or the mouthpiece is set in rapid rotation and the plasma nozzle is guided along the workpiece, it is thus possible in one operation to treat a surface strip whose width is substantially greater than the diameter of the plasma jet. Since only a single nozzle is used, the expenditure on equipment is significantly lower than in the case of the rotary head described above. In addition, significantly smaller inertial forces arise because the housing rotates about its longitudinal axis. Thus, a plasma nozzle is provided which has a compact construction and nevertheless allows a rational plasma treatment of larger surfaces.

Das Gehäuse bzw. das Mundstück ist also relativ zu der im Düsenkanal angeordneten Elektroden und zu der Zufuhreinrichtung für das Arbeitsgas drehbar, so dass diese Elektrode und die Gaszufuhreinrichtung drehfest gehalten werden können und nur das umgebende Gehäuse bzw. nur das Mundstück rotiert. Für die Spannungsversorgung der Elektrode und für die Zufuhr des Arbeitsgases werden deshalb keine Schleifkontakte, Drehdurchführungen oder dergleichen benötigt. Die Gegenelektrode kann unmittelbar durch das rotierende Gehäuse gebildet werden und ist vorzugsweise geerdet, so dass für das Gehäuse und den zugehörigen Drehantrieb keine Berührungsschutzmaßnahmen erforderlich sind.The housing or the mouthpiece is thus rotatable relative to the electrodes arranged in the nozzle channel and to the supply device for the working gas, so that this electrode and the gas supply device can be held rotationally fixed and only the surrounding housing or only the mouthpiece rotates. For the power supply of the electrode and for the supply of the working gas therefore no sliding contacts, rotary unions or the like are required. The counter electrode can be formed directly by the rotating housing and is preferably grounded, so that no contact protection measures are required for the housing and the associated rotary drive.

Der Ablenkwinkel des Plasmastrahls relativ zur Drehachse kann nach Bedarf gewählt werden und kann beispielsweise auch 90° betragen. In dieser Ausführungsform eignet sich die Plasmadüse insbesondere zum Vorbehandeln der Innenflächen von Rohren oder Schläuchen. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, die Plasmadüse innerhalb des Ringspaltes eines Extrusionswerkzeuges zu montieren, so dass ein frisch extrudierter Rohrstrang unmittelbar nach seinem Austritt aus dem Extruder vorbehandelt werden kann.The deflection angle of the plasma jet relative to the axis of rotation can be selected as needed and may for example be 90 °. In this embodiment, the plasma nozzle is particularly suitable for pretreating the inner surfaces of pipes or hoses. For example, it is possible to mount the plasma nozzle within the annular gap of an extrusion die, so that a freshly extruded pipe string can be pretreated immediately after it leaves the extruder.

Wie bei der eingangs beschriebenen herkömmlichen Plasmadüse wird das Arbeitsgas vorzugsweise verdrallt, so dass es wirbelförmig durch den Düsenkanal strömt und daher den zwischen der Elektrode und der Gegenelektrode gebildeten Lichtbogen bis in den Mündungsbereich des Düsenkanals hinein im Wirbelkern kanalisiert. Auf diese Weise wird der Plasmastrahl stabilisiert, und im Wirbelkern kommt es zu einer innigen Berührung zwischen dem Arbeitsgas und dem Lichtbogen, so dass die Reaktivität des Plasmas gesteigert wird.As with the conventional plasma nozzle described above, the working gas is preferably twisted so that it flows vortex-shaped through the nozzle channel and therefore channels the arc formed between the electrode and the counter electrode into the mouth region of the nozzle channel in the vortex core. In this way, the plasma jet is stabilized, and in the vortex core there is an intimate contact between the working gas and the arc, so that the reactivity of the plasma is increased.

Im folgenden werden ein Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen axialen Schnitt durch die Plasmadüse; und
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch den Mündungsbereich einer Plasmadüse gemäß einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform.
In the following, an exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an axial section through the plasma nozzle; and
Fig. 2
a section through the mouth region of a plasma nozzle according to a modified embodiment.

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Plasmadüse weist ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse 10 auf, das in seinem in der Zeichnung oberen Bereich im Durchmesser erweitert und mit Hilfe eines Lagers 12 drehbar auf einem festen Tragrohr 14 gelagert ist. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 10 wird ein Düsenkanal 16 gebildet, der vom offenen Ende des Tragrohres 14 zu einer Mündung 18 in der Zeichnung unteren Ende des Gehäuses führt.The plasma nozzle shown in FIG. 1 has a tubular housing 10 which, in its upper area in the drawing, widens in diameter and is rotatably mounted on a fixed support tube 14 with the aid of a bearing 12. Inside the housing 10, a nozzle channel 16 is formed, which leads from the open end of the support tube 14 to an opening 18 in the drawing lower end of the housing.

In das Tragrohr 14 ist ein elektrisch isolierendes Keramikrohr 20 eingesetzt. Ein Arbeitsgas, beispielsweise Luft, wird durch das Tragrohr 14 und das Keramikrohr 20 in den Düsenkanal 16 zugeführt. Mit Hilfe einer in das Keramikrohr 20 eingesetzten Dralleinrichtung 22 wird das Arbeitsgas so verdrallt, daß es wirbelförmig durch den Düsenkanal 16 zur Mündung 18 strömt, wie in der Zeichnung durch einen schraubenförmigen Pfeil symbolisiert wird. In dem Düsenkanal 16 entsteht so ein Wirbelkern, der längs der Achse A des Gehäuses verläuft.In the support tube 14, an electrically insulating ceramic tube 20 is inserted. A working gas, for example air, is supplied through the support tube 14 and the ceramic tube 20 into the nozzle channel 16. With the aid of a twisting device 22 inserted into the ceramic tube 20, the working gas is twisted so that it flows vortex-shaped through the nozzle channel 16 to the mouth 18, as symbolized in the drawing by a helical arrow. In the nozzle channel 16 thus creates a vortex core which extends along the axis A of the housing.

An der Dralleinrichtung 22 ist eine stiftförmige Elektrode 24 montiert, die koaxial in den Düsenkanal 16 ragt und an die mit Hilfe eines Hochspannungsgenerators 26 eine hochfrequente Wechselspannung angelegt wird. Das aus Metall bestehende Gehäuse 10 ist über das Lager 12 und das Tragrohr 14 geerdet und dient als Gegenelektrode, so daß eine elektrische Entladung zwischen der Elektrode 24 und dem Gehäuse 10 hervorgerufen werden kann. Beim Einschalten des Hochspannungsgenerators 26 kommt es aufgrund der hohen Frequenz der Wechselspannung und aufgrund der Dielektrizität des Keramikrohrs 20 zunächst zu einer Koronaentladung an der Dralleinrichtung 22 und der Elektrode 24. Durch diese Koronaentladung wird eine Bogenentladung von der Elektrode 24 zum Gehäuse 10 gezündet. Der Lichtbogen dieser Entladung wird durch das verdrallt einströmende Arbeitsgas mitgenommen und im Kern der wirbelförmigen Gasströmung kanalisiert, so daß der Lichtbogen dann nahezu gradlinig von der Spitze der Elektrode 24 längs der Achse A verläuft und sich erst im Bereich der Mündung des Gehäuses 10 radial auf die Gehäusewand verzweigt. Auf diese Weise wird ein Plasmastrahl 28 erzeugt, der durch die Mündung 18 austritt.At the swirl device 22, a pin-shaped electrode 24 is mounted, which protrudes coaxially into the nozzle channel 16 and to which by means of a high voltage generator 26, a high-frequency alternating voltage is applied. The metal housing 10 is grounded through the bearing 12 and the support tube 14 and serves as a counter electrode, so that an electrical discharge between the electrode 24 and the housing 10 can be caused. When the high voltage generator 26 is switched on, due to the high frequency of the alternating voltage and due to the dielectricity of the ceramic tube 20, a corona discharge first occurs at the swirl device 22 and the electrode 24. This corona discharge ignites an arc discharge from the electrode 24 to the housing 10. The arc of this discharge is entrained by the vortexed incoming working gas and channeled in the core of the vortex-shaped gas flow, so that the arc then extends almost straight from the top of the electrode 24 along the axis A and only in the area the mouth of the housing 10 branches radially onto the housing wall. In this way, a plasma jet 28 is generated, which exits through the mouth 18.

Die Mündung 18 des Düsenkanals wird durch ein Mundstück 30 aus Metall gebildet, das in eine Gewindebohrung 32 des Gehäuses 10 eingeschraubt ist und in dem ein sich zur Mündung 18 verjüngender und schräg in Bezug auf die Achse A verlaufender Kanal 34 ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise bildet der aus der Mündung 18 austretende Plasmastrahl 28 mit der Achse A des Gehäuses einen Winkel, der im gezeigten Beispiel etwa 45° beträgt. Durch Auswechseln des Mundstücks 30 kann dieser Winkel nach Bedarf variiert werden.The mouth 18 of the nozzle channel is formed by a mouthpiece 30 made of metal, which is screwed into a threaded bore 32 of the housing 10 and in which a tapered to the mouth 18 and obliquely with respect to the axis A extending channel 34 is formed. In this way, the plasma jet 28 emerging from the orifice 18 forms an angle with the axis A of the housing, which angle is approximately 45 ° in the example shown. By replacing the mouthpiece 30, this angle can be varied as needed.

Auf dem erweiterten oberen Teil des Gehäuses 10 ist ein Zahnrad 36 angeordnet, das beispielsweise über einen Zahnriemen oder ein Ritzel mit einem nicht gezeigten Motor in Antriebsverbindung steht. Im Betrieb läßt man das durch den Motor angetriebene Gehäuse 10 mit hoher Drehzahl um die Achse A rotieren, so daß der Plasmastrahl 28 einen Kegelmantel beschreibt, der die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche eines nicht gezeigten Werkstücks überstreicht. Wenn dann die Plasmadüse an der Oberfläche des Werkstücks entlang bewegt wird oder umgekehrt das Werkstück an der Plasmadüse entlang bewegt wird, so wird eine relativ gleichmäßige Vorbehandlung der Oberfläche des Werkstücks auf einem Streifen erreicht, dessen Breite dem Durchmesser des vom Plasmastrahl 28 beschriebenen Kegels auf der Werkstückoberfläche entspricht. Durch variieren des Abstands zwischen dem Mundstück 30 und dem Werkstück läßt sich die Breite des vorbehandelten Bereiches beeinflussen. Durch den schräg auf die Werkstückoberfläche auftreffenden Plasmastrahl 28, der seinerseits verdrallt ist, wird eine intensive Einwirkung des Plasmas auf die Werkstückoberfläche erreicht. Die Drallrichtung des Plasmastrahls kann dabei gleichsinnig oder gegensinnig zur Rotationsrichtung des Gehäuses 10 sein.On the extended upper part of the housing 10, a gear 36 is arranged, which is in driving connection with a motor, not shown, for example via a toothed belt or a pinion. In operation, the motor driven housing 10 is rotated at high speed about the axis A, so that the plasma jet 28 describes a conical surface that sweeps over the surface of a workpiece, not shown, to be machined. Then, when the plasma nozzle is moved along the surface of the workpiece or vice versa, the workpiece is moved along the plasma nozzle, a relatively uniform pretreatment of the surface of the workpiece is achieved on a strip whose width to the diameter of the cone described by the plasma jet 28 on the Workpiece surface corresponds. By varying the distance between the mouthpiece 30 and the workpiece, the width of the pretreated area can be influenced. As a result of the plasma jet 28 impinging obliquely on the workpiece surface, which in turn is twisted, intensive action of the plasma on the workpiece surface is achieved. The twist direction of the plasma jet can be in the same direction or in opposite directions to the direction of rotation of the housing 10.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der nur das Mundstück 30 relativ zu dem stationären Gehäuse 10 drehbar ist. Das Gehäuse 10 ist hier an seinem auslaßseitigen Ende konisch verjüngt und bildet ein Axial/Radial-Lager für einen konisch erweiterten stromaufwärtigen Teil des Mundstücks 30. Das Lager ist im gezeigten Beispiel als Magnetlager 38 ausgebildet. Das Mundstück 30 wird durch den dynamischen Druck der ausströmenden Luft gegen die konische Lagerfläche des Gehäuses 10 angedrückt, wird jedoch durch das Magnetlager 38 berührungsfrei in dem Gehäuse gehalten, so daß es auf seinem gesamten Umfang einen schmalen Spalt mit einer Breite von nur etwa 0,1 bis 0,2 mm mit dem Gehäuse bildet. Die Erdung des Mundstücks 30 erfolgt durch Funkenüberschlag über diesen Spalt hinweg.Figure 2 shows an embodiment in which only the mouthpiece 30 is rotatable relative to the stationary housing 10. The housing 10 is tapered conically at its outlet end and forms an axial / radial bearing for a flared upstream portion of the mouthpiece 30. The bearing is formed in the example shown as a magnetic bearing 38. The mouthpiece 30 is pressed by the dynamic pressure of the outflowing air against the conical bearing surface of the housing 10, but is held by the magnetic bearing 38 without contact in the housing, so that it is on its entire circumference forms a narrow gap with a width of only about 0.1 to 0.2 mm with the housing. The grounding of the mouthpiece 30 is carried out by sparkover across this gap.

Als Drehantrieb für das Mundstück 30 ist im gezeigten Beispiel ein aerodynamischer Antrieb vorgesehen, beispielsweise in der Form einer Luftdüse 40, durch die am äußeren Umfang des Mundstücks angeordnete Schaufeln 42 tangential mit Luft angeströmt werden. Wahlweise kann der aerodynamische Antrieb auch durch im Inneren des Mundstücks angeordnete Schaufeln oder Rippen erfolgen, die durch die drallförmig durch den Kanal 34 strömende Luft beaufschlagt werden. Schließlich läßt sich die Drehbewegung des Mundstücks 30 auch dadurch erzeugen, daß die Mündung 18 etwas in Umfangsrichtung angestellt wird, so daß das Mundstück durch den Rückstoß der ausströmenden Luft in Drehung versetzt wird.As a rotary drive for the mouthpiece 30, an aerodynamic drive is provided in the example shown, for example in the form of an air nozzle 40, are flowed through the arranged on the outer periphery of the mouthpiece blades 42 tangentially with air. Optionally, the aerodynamic drive can also be done by arranged inside the mouthpiece blades or ribs, which are acted upon by the air flowing in a spiral manner through the channel 34. Finally, the rotational movement of the mouthpiece 30 can also be generated in that the mouth 18 is made somewhat in the circumferential direction, so that the mouthpiece is rotated by the recoil of the outflowing air in rotation.

Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, daß der Drehantrieb konstruktiv vereinfacht wird und das Trägheitsmoment der rotierenden Massen auf ein Minimum begrenzt wird.This embodiment has the advantage that the rotary drive is structurally simplified and the moment of inertia of the rotating masses is limited to a minimum.

Claims (20)

  1. Plasma nozzle for pretreating surfaces,
    - with a tubular casing which has an axis (A) and defines a nozzle channel through which a working gas is passed,
    - with an electrode (24) disposed coaxially to the axis (A) in the nozzle channel(16),
    - with a counterelectrode (16) surrounding the nozzle channel,
    - wherein a high-voltage generator to generate a high-frequency alternative voltage is disposed between the electrode (24) and the counterelectrode,
    characterised in that
    - the mouth (18) of the nozzle channel (16) is angled with respect to the axis (A) of the casing (10).
  2. Plasma nozzle according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the mouth (18) is rotatable relative to the fixed electrode (24) about the axis (A) of the casing (10).
  3. Plasma nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    - the mouth (18) of the nozzle channel (16) is formed by a mouthpiece (30) inserted in the casing (10) and
    - that a channel (34) running at an angle to the axis (A) of the casing (10) is formed in the mouthpiece (39).
  4. Plasma nozzle according to claim 3,
    characterised in that
    the channel (34) formed in the mouthpiece (30) tapers towards the free end.
  5. Plasma nozzles according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that
    - the housing (10) is non-rotatably fixed to the mouthpiece (30) and
    - the housing (10) is rotatable relative to the stationary electrode (24) disposed in the nozzle channel (16) about the axis (A).
  6. Plasma nozzle according to claim 5,
    characterised in that
    the casing (10) is rotatably supported on a supporting tube (14).
  7. Plasma nozzle according to claim 6,
    characterised in that
    the supporting tube (14) serves to supply the working gas.
  8. Plasma nozzle according to claim one of claims 5 to 7,
    characterised in that
    the casing (10) is linked to the supporting tube (14) via an electrically-conductive bearing.
  9. Plasma nozzle according to one of claims 5 to 8,
    characterised in that
    the casing (10) carries a toothed wheel (36) or a pulley for rotatably driving the casing on its periphery.
  10. Plasma nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that
    - the casing (10) is disposed non-rotatably opposite the stationary electrode (24) and
    - that the mouthpiece (30) is rotatably supported in the casing.
  11. Plasma nozzle according to claim 10
    characterised in that
    the mouth piece (30) is supported in the casing (10) by means of a contactless bearing, for example a magnetic bearing (38).
  12. Plasma nozzle according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the bearing gap between the casing (10) and the mouth piece (30) is so dimensioned that the mouth piece (30) is grounded across this gap by are discharge.
  13. Plasma nozzle according to claim 11 or 12,
    characterised in that
    the bearing (38) between the casing (10) and the mouthpiece (32) is an axial/radial bearing and that the mouthpiece (30) is dynamically biased against this bearing by the working gas flowing through the mouth piece.
  14. Plasma nozzle according to one of claims 10 to 13,
    characterised in that
    an aerodynamic rotary drive is provided for the mouth piece (30).
  15. Plasma nozzle according to claim 14,
    characterised in that
    the aerodynamic rotary drive is in the form of an air nozzle (40) and as blades (42) disposed on the outer perimeter of the mouthpiece (30).
  16. Plasma nozzle according to claim 14,
    characterised in that
    the aerodynamic rotary drive is in the form of blades or ribs disposed in the interior of the mouthpiece (30).
  17. Plasma nozzle according to claim 14,
    characterised in that
    the aerodynamic rotary drive is formed by an incidence of the mouth (18) towards the perimeter.
  18. Plasma nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 17,
    characterised in that
    the counterelectrode is formed by the casing (10).
  19. Plasma nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 18,
    characterised in that
    the counterelectrode is earthed.
  20. Plasma nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 19,
    characterised in that
    a swirling device (22) is provided which generates a vortex flow of the working gas in the nozzle channel (16).
EP00113748A 1999-07-09 2000-06-29 Plasma nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP1067829B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29911974U DE29911974U1 (en) 1999-07-09 1999-07-09 Plasma nozzle
DE29911974U 1999-07-09

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1067829A2 EP1067829A2 (en) 2001-01-10
EP1067829A3 EP1067829A3 (en) 2003-06-25
EP1067829B1 true EP1067829B1 (en) 2006-05-17

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ID=8075901

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6262386B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1067829B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4111659B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE326827T1 (en)
DE (2) DE29911974U1 (en)
DK (1) DK1067829T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2265312T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1067829E (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007018317U1 (en) 2006-12-20 2008-09-25 Plasmatreat Gmbh Apparatus for generating a plasma jet
DE102007024090A1 (en) 2007-05-22 2008-11-27 Diener, Christof, Dipl.-Ing. Device for plasma treatment of surfaces, has electrical generator and multiple plasma producers, where plasma producers are connected or disconnected together at individual output voltage of generators
DE202008013560U1 (en) 2008-10-15 2010-03-04 Raantec Verpachtungen Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for generating a plasma jet
DE102009008907A1 (en) 2009-02-13 2010-09-23 Airbus Operations Gmbh Process for plasma treatment and painting of a surface
DE102009008907B4 (en) * 2009-02-13 2014-07-24 Airbus Operations Gmbh Process for plasma treatment and painting of a surface
DE102015121253A1 (en) 2015-12-07 2017-06-08 Plasmatreat Gmbh Apparatus for generating an atmospheric plasma jet for treating the surface of a workpiece
DE102015121252A1 (en) 2015-12-07 2017-06-08 Plasmatreat Gmbh Apparatus for generating an atmospheric plasma jet and method for treating the surface of a workpiece
WO2017097694A1 (en) 2015-12-07 2017-06-15 Plasmatreat Gmbh Device for generating an atmospheric plasma beam, and method for treating the surface of a workpiece
US10555411B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2020-02-04 Plasmatreat Gmbh Device for generating an atmospheric plasma beam, and method for treating the surface of a workpiece
DE102021115020A1 (en) 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Plasmatreat Gmbh DEVICE FOR GENERATING AN ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA BEAM FOR TREATMENT OF A SURFACE OF A WORKPIECE
WO2022258654A1 (en) 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Plasmatreat Gmbh Device for generating an atmospheric plasma jet for treating a surface of a workpiece

Also Published As

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EP1067829A3 (en) 2003-06-25
PT1067829E (en) 2006-10-31
US6262386B1 (en) 2001-07-17
ATE326827T1 (en) 2006-06-15
ES2265312T3 (en) 2007-02-16
EP1067829A2 (en) 2001-01-10
DE29911974U1 (en) 2000-11-23
DE50012751D1 (en) 2006-06-22
JP4111659B2 (en) 2008-07-02
JP2001068298A (en) 2001-03-16
DK1067829T3 (en) 2006-09-18

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