EP1050327A1 - Skistange aus Kunststoff - Google Patents

Skistange aus Kunststoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1050327A1
EP1050327A1 EP99401096A EP99401096A EP1050327A1 EP 1050327 A1 EP1050327 A1 EP 1050327A1 EP 99401096 A EP99401096 A EP 99401096A EP 99401096 A EP99401096 A EP 99401096A EP 1050327 A1 EP1050327 A1 EP 1050327A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stakes
stake
core
sleeve
foam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99401096A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Denis Jean Marie Frapier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ADIC PROMOTION S.A.
Original Assignee
Adic Promotion SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Adic Promotion SA filed Critical Adic Promotion SA
Priority to EP99401096A priority Critical patent/EP1050327A1/de
Publication of EP1050327A1 publication Critical patent/EP1050327A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/06—Apparatus for setting-out or dividing courts
    • A63C19/062—Slalom gate poles, posts or marking sticks for sport fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to stakes made of synthetic material which, associated with nets, tarpaulins or canvases, absorb energy by their bending and thus allow, in the framework for the exercise of sporting discipline, braking and stopping runners in the event of a fall of these.
  • This brochure describes an energy absorption device called "Fence of Security "or” F.I.S. type B "; this device consists of one, two or three lines more or less vertical and generally parallel with nets, canvases or tarpaulins from 1.50 to 2 meters in height; these lines of nets, canvases or tarpaulins are placed above the snow and held vertically, about every two meters, by stakes preferably in polycarbonate, particularly flexible and resistant plastic material; these lines are spaced 3 to 5 meters apart.
  • This device works in the following way to stop a runner who, having makes a fall followed by a slide, jostles these lines of the net; each of the stakes polycarbonate, made integral with others by means of the net, canvas or tarpaulin to which they are all attached, absorbs, by bending, a certain amount of energy (180 to 300 Joules, depending on the type of stake) and thus participates in the braking of the runner; this braking is carried out on one, two or three lines of "Safety Fence", therefore on a ten meters or more, occurs gradually, i.e. under conditions relatively satisfactory security.
  • the safety devices must be able to stop an 80 kg skier falling into the devices at a speed of 30 meters / second; this represents an energy of 36,000 Joules; if one does not hold ignore other forces involved during the braking process, especially body friction on snow, so it takes 120 to 200 polycarbonate stakes, quantity which depends on their diameter and thickness, be bent at about 90 ° to get the skier to stop.
  • the first disadvantage can be explained for the following reason: the forces which are exercised, at the moment of impact, at the points of contact between the body and the "Fence of Safety "(and more particularly at the points of contact between the body and the stakes which constitute the energy absorbing elements), are not likely to cause severe bruising when the skier's chest, pelvis or legs come into contact with the stake (s); it’s a different story, especially for women, when this first contact takes place with the fine parts of the limbs, fingers, wrist, forearm, ankles, etc ...
  • the second disadvantage indicated above consists in the “springboard” effect of the device, effect which is explained by the change in the direction of the forces in question during the process of penetration of the runner's body into the absorption device of energy; indeed, one of the necessary characteristics of the stake as part of the energy absorption device, called a security fence, is to have a diameter and a wall thickness sufficient to withstand bending forces without breaking or without present after a shock, at the point of bending, permanent deformations, such as a pronounced ovalization of the cross section of the stake with approximation of the two opposite walls or even, the deformation being even greater than an ovalization, a crushing of the section of the tube whose wall is divided into two more or less lines
  • the stakes because they have been the subject of a permanent deformation, can no longer play their role in the event of the occurrence of a compared to the diameter of the tube; it has been determined, relatively empirically, that for a stake 35 mm in diameter, the thickness of 3 mm gave results satisfactory, so that after a shock the stakes would lift themselves up and the entire enclosure regained the relative verticality it originally had.
  • the post force represented by the vector a
  • the vectors A, B, C, D are always exerted, with very little difference, in a direction theoretically parallel to the surface of the snow and perpendicular to the long axis of the stake as placed before the impact, the component of the penetration force which effectively acts to bend the stake gradually decreases as the post bends to represent only the force corresponding to the weight of the runner at the end of the process; this force is shown diagrammatically by the vectors B ', C' and D '; on the other hand, the direction of the reaction force of the stake increases, as the stake bends; it is represented schematically by the sectors a, b, c, d, and
  • the springboard effect is accentuated due to the diameter of 35 mm and the thickness of 3 mm of the stakes most generally used to obtain sufficient energy absorption; due to the relative rigidity which results therefrom; the bending of the tube only intervenes, as indicated in FIG.
  • the third drawback noted is that of the high price of the stakes polycarbonate which represent two or three times the price of the same stake made from polyvinyl chloride; some thought they could find a way to limit spending safety items, using polyvinyl chloride stakes; however, these much cheaper, presented great dangers; polyvinyl chloride stakes lacking impact resistance, lack of resilience, broke, in the event of impact, in forming sharp and possibly sharp shards which were likely to cause serious injuries.
  • poles also made of polyvinyl chloride which, about ten centimeters above the snow, had a groove, all around their circumference, reducing the thickness of the stake by about 50%; in case of impact the stake broke so relatively regular there; however, it provided very little energy, therefore did not play its role of energy absorption in the braking device.
  • a fence line of safety constituted by a net 2 meters high, by poles of polychloride of vinyl 2.50 m high, 35 mm in diameter with a thickness of 3 mm, and by the accessories for stakes for hanging the net, tarpaulin or canvas, costs 100 units of account, whereas, if polycarbonate is used for the manufacture of stakes the total cost of closing increases to around 150 units of account.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce the various drawbacks of the energy absorption device as described above, i.e. to reduce the forces brought into play at the interface point between the members and the stakes, thus reducing the possibilities of fractures, to mitigate the springboard effect of the security fence and to offer a cheaper device.
  • the stake object of the invention consists of a tubular central part, core of the stake, with a diameter of about 25 mm, but which may vary, depending on the material used and the thickness of this core in relatively large proportions around this dimension; the diameter of the core will, however, be less than the diameter of 35 mm adopted up to now for stakes, the thickness of this core possibly being, on the other hand, larger, 3.5 mm or even 4 mm; it can also be in the form of a full profile, generally called a “rush”, profile which may also not show any circular section, but be hexagonal, oval, square, etc ...
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a stake J 35 mm in diameter and a 3 mm thick and an L stake 24 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick; Mon and the other are subjected to 1 meter from their point of embedding at the same force Z directed from top to bottom, force which is the result of the weight of the body penetrating the absorption device of energy.
  • This central part of the stake can be either polychloride of vinyl or polycarbonate, the characteristic of the present invention being mainly that the core of smaller diameter and possibly of greater thickness absorbs while bending an amount of energy which is close to that absorbed by a larger tube diameter but of lesser thickness and that the radius of curvature in the neighboring part of the point of embedding is smaller and therefore the "springboard" effect is found decreases.
  • the sleeve, object of the second characteristic of the present invention also, by flexing, absorbs an amount of energy which can compensate for the amount of energy by which that absorbed by the central part of the stake has been reduced due to reducing its diameter.
  • the second characteristic of the stake object of the present invention is that this semi-rigid central core which, by bending, absorbs a certain amount of energy, is covered with a foam sheath or sleeve, preferably cell polyolefin closed so that this foam does not fill with water which, frozen, would deprive the sheath of foam of its plasticity.
  • the thickness of the foam sleeve may preferably be between 8 and 25 mm, thus bringing the total outside diameter of a stake up to 70 mm, although the thickness of the foam sleeve is not, in itself, a characteristic of the invention; this foam sleeve has a density which is on average 25 Kilos / M3 but which may vary depending on the technical specification of the stake; the higher the density high the less the shock absorbing effect but the greater the absorption capacity energy will be important; the greater the thickness of the sleeve, the higher the density of the foam constituting it may be low, the maximum efficiency in terms of safety being obtained by a thick and low density sleeve; such a sleeve however which would bring the outside diameter of the stake to a high value of 100 or 150 mm for example would make the use of stakes in the field less easy, if only because of the larger volumes of stakes to be transported to their place of use; the this patent does not exclude the possibility of using such relatively large stakes diameters, the interest of
  • the stake in its structure and its composition is designed by establishing a compromise between the characteristics of its two components, core and sleeve, so that, taking into account the intended use, (for example a very flexible stake, therefore absorbing little energy, for the first line of device, or, on the contrary, a more rigid stake, therefore absorbing more energy, for the second or third line that the runner will hit at a reduced speed compared to his initial speed of penetration of the device due to the energy absorbed by the first line of the device) this stake
  • the foam sleeve covering the stakes makes it possible to reduce very appreciably the drawbacks of the current security fence system; indeed, the foam having a high compressibility will deform under the effect of the shock of a body against the stake; whereas the impact surface between a limb, wrist for example, and a polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride stake is very reduced, due to plasticity very small wall of such tubes, when these tubes, even if their diameter is reduced, are covered with a foam sleeve, the surface of the sleeve deforms and the member which the strike is applied to a very significantly increased surface; forces resulting from shock is proportionately reduced and the risk of trauma is reduced especially.
  • a polyvinyl chloride tube whose plasticity will be similar to that of a polycarbonate tube, thanks to the choice and percentage of plasticizer in the composition of the raw material.
  • polycarbonate is mentioned to refer to a material with high resilience and great flexibility and that the core of the stake can be made of any plastic material having these characteristics; similarly it is refers to polyvinyl chloride as a presenting material, with adjuvants suitable, high flexibility but lower resilience than that of polycarbonate; for the realization of the central core, polycarbonate and polyvinyl chloride can be replaced by any other material having similar mechanical characteristics and possibly by a spiral wire spring.
  • the foam sleeve itself absorbs energy by its plastic deformation during bending of the stake, to obtain a capacity of determined energy absorption, corresponding, for example, to that of a stake polycarbonate 35 mm and 3 mm thick, we can limit the dimension of the core central, taking into account the energy absorption capacity provided by the sleeve.
  • the stake object of the present invention therefore makes it possible to provide solutions to the various drawbacks reported: the shocks are less violent due to the damping effect of the foam sleeve and the risk of fracture are reduced; the springboard effect is also limited due to the use of a flexible core of smaller diameter which decreases the bending radius of the longitudinal axis of the stake which lies closer to the snow surface; the price of the stake can, finally, be reduced since it is possible, of a part to replace polycarbonate with cheaper polyvinyl chloride and other share to reduce the section of the central core used and consequently its price, by putting at take advantage of the energy absorption capacity of the foam sleeve to reach the level of energy absorption capacity desired for the stake.
  • FIG. 4 represents a stake of energy absorption device consisting of a central core E of relatively small transverse dimension, 22 mm in diameter, polyvinyl chloride or polycarbonate; this soul is a rush full of 2.50 meters high with a blunted bottom part over 250 mm to facilitate the installation of the stake in the ground or in the snow; a polyolefin foam sleeve F with cells 50 mm outside diameter, 22.5 mm inside diameter and 2 meters high covers the soul over almost its entire height; figure 5 represents a stake consisting of a central tubular core G of 25 mm outside diameter and 3 mm thick polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride; a plastic tip H is attached to the lower part of the stake; at its base, over a height of 100 mm; at its base, the central core is not covered by the foam sleeve K, 25.5 mm in diameter inside and 60 mm in outside diameter, so as not to interfere with the installation of the stake in the snow and to allow the hanging of the net, the tarpaul
  • FIG. 5 represents the stake with a foam sleeve of 2 meters and the Figure 6 with a foam sleeve which protects the central core only over a height of 1250 mm which is considered sufficient taking into account the height above the snow that the runner's body is supposed to have when it hits the stake and taking into account the location of the safety device line of which this stake.
  • FIG. 7 represents a traditional stake J made of polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride, about 35 mm in diameter, with a foam sleeve protecting only its lower part, while in FIG. 8, the sleeve offers a protection over most of the height of the stake above ground level or the snow ;
  • the foam sleeve is cylindrical and open only at its two ends; it was threaded on the stake, while the sleeve of figure 8 is split along its longitudinal axis, the stake being inserted inside the sleeve from the side of the latter, by temporary deformation resulting in a widening of the lateral slit of the muff ;
  • these sleeves are removable and can be used to reduce the effects of impact on existing polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride stakes; they can have any height determined according to security requirements; he can exist an annular space N between the stake and the sleeve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
EP99401096A 1999-05-04 1999-05-04 Skistange aus Kunststoff Withdrawn EP1050327A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99401096A EP1050327A1 (de) 1999-05-04 1999-05-04 Skistange aus Kunststoff

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99401096A EP1050327A1 (de) 1999-05-04 1999-05-04 Skistange aus Kunststoff

Publications (1)

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EP1050327A1 true EP1050327A1 (de) 2000-11-08

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EP99401096A Withdrawn EP1050327A1 (de) 1999-05-04 1999-05-04 Skistange aus Kunststoff

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900017384A1 (it) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-27 Spm Spa Dispositivo di protezione per strutture a rete di delimitazione

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2701283A1 (de) * 1977-01-13 1978-07-20 Moeller & Co Metallwaren Staebe aus kunststoff zur begrenzung von skipisten, abfahrtslauf- oder slalomstrecken
AT354323B (de) * 1978-07-28 1980-01-10 Pirhofer Erwin Skitorlaufstange
DE3204731A1 (de) * 1982-02-11 1983-08-18 Rüdiger Lothar von Dipl.-Zf.-Ing. 6200 Wiesbaden Reppert Verfahren zur herstellung verletzungsfreier skistangen und zur verbeserten sichtbarmachung von kennzeichnungen im alpinen skisport
DE3244858A1 (de) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-07 Sebastian 8263 Burghausen Haunberger Markierungsstange
CA2079669A1 (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-02 Peter Soporeanu Road slalom gate

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2701283A1 (de) * 1977-01-13 1978-07-20 Moeller & Co Metallwaren Staebe aus kunststoff zur begrenzung von skipisten, abfahrtslauf- oder slalomstrecken
AT354323B (de) * 1978-07-28 1980-01-10 Pirhofer Erwin Skitorlaufstange
DE3204731A1 (de) * 1982-02-11 1983-08-18 Rüdiger Lothar von Dipl.-Zf.-Ing. 6200 Wiesbaden Reppert Verfahren zur herstellung verletzungsfreier skistangen und zur verbeserten sichtbarmachung von kennzeichnungen im alpinen skisport
DE3244858A1 (de) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-07 Sebastian 8263 Burghausen Haunberger Markierungsstange
CA2079669A1 (en) * 1992-10-01 1994-04-02 Peter Soporeanu Road slalom gate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900017384A1 (it) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-27 Spm Spa Dispositivo di protezione per strutture a rete di delimitazione

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