BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of The Invention
The present invention relates to lead-free, free-cutting
copper alloys.
2. Prior Art
Among the copper alloys with a good machinability
are bronze alloys such as the one under JIS designation
H5111 BC6 and brass alloys such as the ones under JIS
designations H3250-C3604 and C3771. Those alloys are
enhanced in machinability by the addition of 1.0 to 6.0
percent, by weight, of lead and provide an industrially
satisfactory machinability. Because of their excellent
machinability, those lead-contained copper alloys have
been an important basic material for a variety of
articles such as city water faucets, water
supply/drainage metal fittings and valves.
However, the application of those lead-mixed alloys
has been greatly limited in recent years, because lead
contained therein is an environment pollutant harmful to
humans. That is, the lead-containing alloys pose a
threat to human health and environmental hygiene because
lead is contained in metallic vapor that is generated in
the steps of processing those alloys at high
temperatures such as melting and casting and there is
also concern that lead contained in the water system
metal fittings, valves and others made of those alloys
will dissolve out into drinking water.
On that ground, the United States and other
advanced countries have been moving to tighten the
standards for lead-contained copper alloys to
drastically limit the permissible level of lead in copper
alloys in recent years. In Japan, too, the use of lead-contained
alloys has been increasingly restricted, and
there has been a growing call for development of free-cutting
copper alloys with a low lead content.
US Patent 1 954 003 discloses a
chill or die casting of an alloy
consisting of from 65% and up to 94%
copper, and from 2% to 6% silicon,
from 3% to 28% zinc, and an
appreciable amount of aluminium not
more than 2%.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide
a lead-free copper alloy which does not contain the
machinability-improving element lead yet is quite
excellent in machinability and can be used as safe
substitute for the conventional free cutting copper
alloy with a large content of lead presenting
environmental hygienic problems and which permits
recycling of chips without problems, thus a timely answer
to the mounting call for restriction of lead-contained
products.
It is an another object of the present invention
to provide a lead-free copper alloy which has a high
corrosion resistance as well as an excellent
machinability and is suitable as basic material for
cutting works, forgings, castings and others, thus
having a very high practical value. The cutting works,
forgings, castings and others include city water faucets,
water supply/drainage metal fittings, valves, stems, hot
water supply pipe fittings, shaft and heat exchanger
parts.
It is yet another object of the present invention
to provide a lead-free copper alloy with a high strength
and wear resistance as well as machinability which is
suitable as basic material for the manufacture of
cutting works, forgings, castings and other uses
requiring a high strength and wear resistance such as,
for example, bearings, bolts, nuts, bushes, gears, sewing
machine parts and hydraulic system parts, hence has a
very high practical value.
It is a further object of the present invention to
provide a lead-free copper alloy with an excellent high-temperature
oxidation resistance as well as machinability
which is suitable as basic material for the manufacture
of cutting works, forgings, castings and other uses where
a high thermal oxidation resistance is essential, e.g.
nozzles for kerosene oil and gas heaters, burner heads
and gas nozzles for hot-water dispensers, hence has a
very high practical value.
The objects of the present inventions are achieved
by provision of the following copper alloys according to claim 1.
Lead forms no solid solution in the matrix but
disperses in a granular form to improve the
machinability. Silicon raises the easy-to-cut property
by producing a gamma phase (in some cases, a kappa phase)
in the structure of metal. That way, both are common in
that they are effective in improving the machinability,
though they are quite different in contribution to the
properties of the alloy. On the basis of that
recognition, silicon is added to the first invention
alloy in place of lead so as to bring about a high level
of machinability meeting the industrial requirements.
That is, the first invention alloy is improved in
machinability through formation of a gamma phase with the
addition of silicon.
The addition of less than 2.0 percent, by weight,
of silicon cannot form a gamma phase sufficient to
secure an industrially satisfactory machinability. With
the increase in the addition of silicon, the
machinability improves. But with the addition of more
than 4.0 percent, by weight, of silicon, the
machinability will not go up in proportion. The problem
is, however, that silicon has a high melting point and
a low specific gravity and is also liable to oxidize.
If silicon alone is fed in the form of a simple
substance into a furnace in the alloy melting step, then
silicon will float on the molten metal and is oxidized
into oxides of silicon or silicon oxide, hampering
production of a silicon-contained copper alloy. In making
an ingot of silicon-containing copper alloy, therefore,
silicon is usually added in the form of a Cu-Si alloy,
which boosts the production cost. In the light of the
cost of making the alloy, too, it is not desirable to add
silicon in a quantity exceeding the saturation point
where machinability improvement levels off - 4.0 percent
by weight. An experiment showed that when silicon is
added in an amount of 2.0 to 4.0 percent, by weight, it
is desirable to hold the content of copper at 69 to 79
percent, by weight, in consideration of its relation to
the content of zinc in order to maintain the intrinsic
properties of the Cu-Zn alloy.
The addition of silicon improves not only
the machinability but also the flow of the molten metal
in casting, strength, wear resistance, resistance to
stress corrosion cracking, high-temperature oxidation
resistance. Also, the ductility and dezincification
resistance will be improved to some extent.
The optional elements Bismuth, tellurium and selenium as well as lead do
not form a solid solution in the matrix but disperse in
granular form to enhance the machinability and that
through a mechanism different from that of silicon.
Hence, the addition of those elements along with silicon
could further improve the machinability beyond the level
obtained by the addition of silicon alone.
The addition of
bismuth, tellurium or selenium in addition to silicon
produces a high machinability such that complicated
forms could be freely cut at a high speed. But no
improvement in machinability can be realized from the
addition of bismuth, tellurium or selenium in an amount
less than 0.02 percent, by weight. Meanwhile, those
elements are expensive as compared with copper. Even if
the addition exceeds 0.4 percent by weight, the
proportional improvement in machinability is so small
that the addition beyond that does not pay economically.
What is more, if the addition is more than 0.4 percent
by weight, the alloy will deteriorate in hot workability
such as forgeability and cold workability such as
ductility. While it might be feared that heavy metals
like bismuth would cause problems similar to those of
lead, an addition in a very small amount of less than
0.4 percent by weight is negligible and would present no
particular problems. From those considerations,
the addition of
bismuth, tellurium or selenium kept to 0.02 to 0.4
percent by weight. The addition of those elements, which
work on the machinability of the copper alloy though a
mechanism different from that of silicon as mentioned
above, would not affect the proper contents of copper and
silicon.
Aluminum is, too, effective in promoting the
formation of the gamma phase. The addition of aluminum
together with tin or in place of tin could further
improve the machinability of the Cu-Si-Zn. Aluminum is
also effective in improving the strength, wear resistance
and high temperature oxidation resistance as well as the
machinability and also in keeping down the specific
gravity. If the machinability is to be improved at all,
aluminum will have to be added in at least 1.0 percent
by weight. But the addition of more than 3.5 percent by
weight could not produce the proportional results.
Instead, that could affect the ductility as is the case
with aluminum.
As to phosphorus, it has no property of forming the
gamma phase as tin and aluminum. But phosphorus works to
uniformly disperse and distribute the gamma phase formed
as a result of the addition of silicon alone or with tin
or aluminum or both of them. That way, the machinability
improvement through the formation of gamma phase is
further enhanced. In addition to dispersing the gamma
phase, phosphorus helps refine the crystal grains in the
alpha phase in the matrix, improving hot workability and
also strength and resistance to stress corrosion
cracking. Furthermore, phosphorus substantially
increases the flow of molten metal in casting. To produce
such results, phosphorus will have to be added in an
amount not smaller than 0.02 percent by weight. But if
the addition exceeds 0.25 percent by weight, no
proportional effect can be obtained. Instead, there would
be a fall in hot forging property and extrudability.
As described above, phosphorus disperses the gamma
phase uniformly and at the same time refines the crystal
grains in the alpha phase in the matrix, thereby
improving the machinability and also the corrosion
resistance properties (dezincification resistance and
erosion corrosion resistance), forgeability, stress
corrosion cracking resistance and mechanical strength.
The
addition of phosphorus in a very small quantity, that is,
0.02 or more percent by weight could produce results. But
the addition in an amount of more than 0.25 percent by
weight would not produce proportional results. Instead,
that would reduce the hot forgeability and extrudability.
It is also noted that aluminum and phosphorus
help to reinforce the alpha phase in the matrix, thereby
improving strength, wear resistance, and also
machinability. Phosphorus disperses the alpha and
gamma phases, by which the strength, wear resistance and
also machinability are improved.
A lead-free, free-cutting copper alloy also with
excellent machinability coupled with a good high-temperature
oxidation resistance which is composed of 69
to 79 percent, by weight, of copper; 2.0 to 4.0 percent,
by weight, of silicon; 0.1 to 1.5 percent, by weight, of
aluminum; 0.02 to 0.25 percent, by weight, of phosphorus;
and the remaining percent, by weight, of zinc. This
copper alloy will be hereinafter called the "ninth
invention alloy".
Aluminum is an element which improves the strength,
machinability, wear resistance and also high-temperature
oxidation resistance. Silicon, too, has a property of
enhancing the machinability, strength, wear resistance,
resistance to stress corrosion cracking and also high-temperature
oxidation resistance, as mentioned above.
Aluminum works to raise the high-temperature oxidation
resistance when aluminium is added in an amount not less
than 0.1 percent by weight together with silicon. But
even if the addition of aluminum increases beyond 1.5
percent by weight, no proportional results can be
expected. For this reason, the addition of aluminum is
set at 0.1 to 1.5 percent by weight.
Phosphorus is added to enhance the flow of molten
metal in casting. Phosphorus also works for improvement
of the aforesaid machinability, dezincification
resistance and also high-temperature oxidation resistance
in addition to the flow of molten metal. Those effects
are exhibited when phosphorus is added in an amount not
less than 0.02 percent by weight. But even if phosphorus
is used in more than 0.25 percent by weight, it will not
result in a proportional increase in effect. For this
consideration, the addition of phosphorus settles down
on 0.02 to 0.25 percent by weight.
While silicon is added to improve the machinability
as mentioned above, it is also capable of increasing the
flow of molten metal like phosphorus. The effect of
silicon in raising the flow of molten metal is exhibited
when it is added in an amount not less than 2.0 percent'
by weight. The range of the addition of silicon for
improving the flow of molten metal overlaps that for
improvement of the machinability. These taken into
consideration, the addition of silicon is set to 2.0 to
4.0 percent by weight.
A lead-free, free-cutting copper alloy also
with excellent machinability and a good high-temperature
oxidation resistance which is composed of 69 to 79
percent, by weight, of copper; 2.0 to 4.0 percent, by
weight, of silicon; 0.1 to 1.5 percent, by weight, of
aluminum; 0.02 to 0.25 percent, by weight, of phosphorus;
at least one element selected from among 0.02 to 0.4
percent, by weight, of chromium and 0.02 to 0.4 percent,
by weight, of titanium; and the remaining percent, by
weight, of zinc. This copper alloy will be
hereinafter called the "tenth invention alloy".
Chromium and titanium are added for improving the
high-temperature oxidation resistance. Good results can
be expected especially when they are added together with
aluminum to produce a synergistic effect. Those effects
are exhibited when the addition is 0.02 percent or more
by weight, whether they are used alone or in combination.
The saturation point is 0.4 percent by weight. In
consideration of such observations, the tenth invention
alloy contains at least one element selected from among
0.02 to 0.4 percent by weight of chromium and 0.02 to 0.4
percent by weight of titanium in addition to the
components of the ninth invention alloy and is an
improvement over the ninth invention alloy with regard
to the high-temperature oxidation resistance.
A lead-free, free-cutting copper alloy also
with excellent machinability and a good high-temperature
oxidation resistance which is composed of 69 to 79
percent, by weight, of copper; 2.0 to 4.0 percent, by
weight, of silicon; 0.1 to 1.5 percent, by weight, of
aluminum; 0.02 to 0.25 percent, by weight, of phosphorus;
at least one element selected from among 0.02 to 0.4
percent, by weight, of bismuth, 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by
weight, of tellurium and 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight,
of selenium; and the remaining percent, by weight, of
zinc. This copper alloy will be hereinafter
called the "eleventh invention alloy".
The eleventh invention alloy contains at least one
element selected from among 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by
weight, of bismuth, 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight, of
tellurium an 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight, of selenium
in addition to the components of the ninth invention
alloy. While as high a high-temperature oxidation
resistance as in the ninth invention alloy is secured,
the eleventh invention alloy is further improved in
machinability by adding at least one element selected
from among bismuth and other elements which are effective
in raising the machinability through a mechanism other
than that exhibited by silicon.
A lead-free, free-cutting copper alloy also with
excellent machinability and a good high-temperature
oxidation resistance which is composed of 69 to 79
percent, by weight, of copper; 2.0 to 4.0 percent, by
weight, of silicon; 0.1 to 1.5 percent, by weight, of
aluminum; 0.02 to 0.25 percent, by weight, of phosphorus;
at least one element selected from among 0.02 to 0.4
percent, by weight, of chromium, and 0.02 to 0.4 percent
by weight of titanium; at least one element selected
from among 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight, of bismuth,
0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight, of tellurium and 0.02 to
0.4 percent, by weight, of selenium; and the remaining
percent, by weight, of zinc. This copper alloy
will be hereinafter called the "twelfth invention alloy".
The twelfth invention alloy contains at least one
element selected from among 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by
weight, of bismuth, 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight, of
tellurium and 0.02 to 0.4 percent, by weight, of selenium
in addition to the components of the tenth invention
alloy. While as high a high-temperature oxidation
resistance as in the tenth invention alloy is secured,
the twelfth invention alloy is further improved in
machinability by adding at least one element selected
from among bismuth and other elements which are effective
in raising the machinability through a mechanism other
than that exhibited by silicon.
Further improved machinability is obtained by
subjecting any one of the preceding invention alloys to
a heat treatment for 30 minutes to 5 hours at 400°C to
600° C.
The invention alloys contain
machinability improving elements such as silicon and
have an excellent machinability because of the addition
of such elements. Of those invention alloys, the alloys
with a high copper content which have great amounts of
other phases, mainly kappa phase, than alpha, beta,
gamma and delta phases can further improve in
machinability in a heat treatment. In the heat treatment,
the kappa phase turns to a gamma phase. The gamma phase
finely disperses and precipitates to further enhance the
machinability. The alloys with a high content of copper
are high in ductility of the matrix and low in absolute
quantity of gamma phase, and therefore are excellent in
cold workability. But in case cold working such as
caulking and cutting are required, the aforesaid heat
treatment is very useful. In other words, among the
invention alloys, those which are high in
copper content with gamma phase in small quantities and
kappa phase in large quantities (hereinafter referred to
as the "high copper content alloy") undergo a change in
phase from the kappa phase to the gamma phase in a heat
treatment. As a result, the gamma phase is finely
dispersed and precipitated, and the machinability is
improved. In the manufacturing process of castings,
expanded metals and hot forgings in practice, the
materials are often force-air-cooled or water cooled
depending on the forging conditions, productivity after
hot working (hot extrusion, hot forging etc.), working
environment and other factors. In such cases, among the
invention alloys, those with a low
content of copper (hereinafter called the low copper
content alloy") are rather low in the content of the
gamma phase and contain beta phase. In a heat treatment,
the beta phase changes into gamma phase, and the gamma
phase is finely dispersed and precipitated, whereby the
machinability is improved. Experiments showed that heat
treatment is especially effective with high copper
content alloys where mixing ratio of copper and silicon
to other added elements (except for zinc) A is given as
67 ≤ Cu - 3Si + aA or low copper content alloys with such
a composition with 64 ≥ Cu - 3Si + aA. It is noted that
a is a coefficient. The coefficient is different
depending on the added element A. For example, with tin
a is - 0.5; aluminum, -2; phosphorus, -3; antimony, 0;
arsenic, 0; manganese, +2.5; and nickel, +2.5.
But a heat treatment temperature at less than 400°C
is not economical and practical, because the aforesaid
phase change will proceed slowly and much time will be
needed. At temperatures over 600 C, on the other hand,
the kappa phase will grow or the beta phase will appear,
bringing about no improvement in machinability. From the
practical viewpoint, therefore, it is desired to perform
the heat treatment for 30 minutes to 5 hours at 400 to
600 C.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Fig. 1 shows perspective views of cuttings formed
in cutting a round bar of copper alloy by lathe.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Example 1
As the first series of examples,
cylindrical ingots with compositions given in
Tables 1 to 35, each 100 mm in outside diameter and 150
mm in length, were hot extruded into a round bar 15 mm
in outside diameter at 750°C to produce the following
test pieces: first alloys Nos. 1001 to 1008,
second alloys Nos. 2001 to 2011, third
alloys Nos. 3001 to 3012, fourth
alloys Nos. 4001 to 4049, fifth alloys Nos.
5001 to 5020, sixth alloys Nos. 6001 to 6105,
seventh alloys Nos. 7001 to 7030, eighth
alloys Nos. 8001 to 8147, ninth invention
alloys Nos. 9001 to 9005, tenth invention alloys Nos.
10001 to 10008, eleventh invention alloys Nos. 11001 to
11007, and twelfth invention alloys Nos. 12001 to 12021.
Also, cylindrical ingots with the compositions given in
Table 36, each 100 mm in outside diameter and 150 mm in
length, were hot extruded into a round bar 15 mm in
outside diameter at 750°C to produce the following test
pieces: thirteenth alloys Nos. 13001 to 13006.
That is, No. 13001 is an alloy test piece obtained by
heat-treating an extruded test piece with the same
composition as first alloy No. 1005 for 30
minutes at 580°C, No. 13002 is an alloy test piece
obtained by heat-treating an extruded test piece with the
same composition as No. 13001 for two hours at 450°C. No.
13003 is an alloy test piece obtained by heat-treating
an extruded test piece with the same composition as first
alloy No. 1007 under the same conditions as
for No. 13001 - for 30 minutes at 580°C. No. 13004 is
an alloy test piece obtained by heat-treating an extruded
test piece with the same composition as No. 13007 under
the same conditions as for 13002 - for two hours at
450°C. No. 13005 is an alloy test piece obtained by heat-treating
an extruded test piece with the same
composition as first alloy No. 1008 under the
same conditions as for No. 13001 - for 30 minutes at
580°C. No. 13006 is an alloy test piece obtained by
heat-treating an extruded test piece with the same
composition as No. 1008 and heat-treated under the same
conditions as for 13002 - for two hours at 450°C.
As comparative examples, cylindrical ingots with the
compositions as shown in Table 37, each 100 mm in
outside diameter and 150 mm in length, were hot extruded
into a round bar 15 mm in outside diameter at 750 C to
obtain the following round extruded test pieces: Nos.
14001 to 14006 (hereinafter referred to as the
"conventional alloys"). No. 14001 corresponds to the
alloy "JIS C 3604," No. 14002 to the alloy "CDA C 36000,"
No. 14003 to the alloy "JIS C 3771" and No. 14004 to the
alloy "CDA C 69800." No. 14005 corresponds to the alloy
"JIS C 6191." This aluminum bronze is the most excellent
of the expanded copper alloys under the JIS designations
with regard to strength and wear resistance. No. 14006
corresponds to the naval brass alloy "JIS C 4622" and is
the most excellent of the expanded copper alloys under
the JIS designations with regard to corrosion resistance.
To study the machinability of the
alloys in comparison with the
conventional alloys, cutting tests were carried out. In
the tests, evaluations were made on the basis of cutting
force, condition of chips cut surface condition.
The tests were conducted this way: The extruded
test pieces obtained, as mentioned above, were cut on
the circumferential surface by a lathe mounted with a
point noise straight tool at a rake angle of - 8 degrees
and at a cutting rate of 50 meters/minute, a cutting
depth of 1.5 mm, a feed of 0.11 mm/rev. Signals from a
three-component dynamometer mounted on the tool were
converted into electric voltage signals and recorded on
a recorder. From the signals were then calculated the
cutting resistance. It is noted that while, to be
perfectly exact, an amount of the cutting resistance
should be judged by three component forces - cutting
force, feed force and thrust force, the judgement was
made on the basis of the cutting force (N) of the three
component forces in the present example. The results are
shown in Table 38 to Table 66.
Furthermore, the chips from the cutting work were
examined and classified into four forms (A) to (D) as
shown in Fig. 1. The results are enumerated in Table 38
to Table 66. In this regard, the chips in the form of a
spiral with three or more windings as (D) in Fig. 1 are
difficult to process, that is, recover or recycle, and
could cause trouble in cutting work as, for example,
getting tangled with the tool and damaging the cut metal
surface. Chips in the form of an arc with a half winding
to a spiral with two about windings as shown in (C), Fig.
1 do not cause such serous trouble as the chips in the
form of a spiral with three or more windings yet are not
easy to remove and could get tangled with the tool or
damage the cut metal surface. In contrast, chips in the
form of a fine needle as (A) in Fig. 1 or in the form of
an arc as (B) will not present such problems as mentioned
above and are not bulky as the chips in (C) and (D) and
easy to process. But fine chips as (A) still could creep
into the sliding surfaces of a machine tool such as a
lathe and cause mechanical trouble, or could be dangerous
because they could stick into the worker's finger, eye
or other body parts. Those taken into account, it is
appropriate to consider that the chips in (B) are the
best, and the second best are the chips in (A). Those
in (C) and (D) are not good. In Table 38 to Table 66, the
chips judged to be shown in (B), (A), (C) and (D) are
indicated by the symbols "o ○", "o", "Δ" and "x"
respectively.
In addition, the surface condition of the cut metal
surface was checked after cutting work. The results are
shown in Table 38 to Table 66. In this regard, the
commonly used basis for indication of the surface
roughness is the maximum roughness (Rmax). While
requirements are different depending on the application
field of brass articles, the alloys with Rmax < 10
microns are generally considered excellent in
machinability. The alloys with 10 microns s Rmax < 15
microns are judged as industrially acceptable, while
those with Rmax ≥ 15 microns are taken as poor in
machinability. In Table 38 to Table 65, the alloys with
Rmax < 10 microns are marked "o", those with 10 microns
≤ Rmax < 15 microns are indicated as "Δ" and those with
Rmax ≥ 15 microns are represented by a symbol "x".
As is evident from the results of the cutting tests
shown in Table 38 to Table 66, the following
alloys are all equal to the conventional lead- contained
alloys Nos. 14001 to 14003 in machinability: first
alloys Nos. 1001 to 1008, second
alloys Nos. 2001 to 2011, third alloys Nos.
3001 to 3012, fourth alloys Nos. 4001 to 4049,
fifth alloys Nos. 5001 to 5020, sixth
alloys Nos. 6001 to 6105, seventh alloys Nos.
7001 to 7030, eighth alloys Nos. 8001 to 8147,
ninth invention alloys Nos. 9001 to 9005, tenth invention
alloys Nos. 10001 to 10008, eleventh invention alloys
Nos. 11001 to 11007, twelfth invention alloys Nos. 12001
to 12021. Especially with regard to formation of the
chips, those invention alloys are favourably compared not
only with the conventional alloys Nos. 14004 to 14006
with a lead content of not higher than 0.1 percent by
weight but also Nos. 14001 to 14003 which contain large
quantities of lead.
Also to be noted is that as is clear from Tables
Nos. 38 to 65, thirteenth alloys Nos. 13001 to
13006 are improved over first alloy No. 1005,
No. 1007 and No. 1008 with the same composition as the'
thirteenth alloys in machinability. It is
thus confirmed that a proper heat treatment could further
enhance the machinability.
In another series of tests, the first to thirteenth
alloys were examined in comparison with the
conventional alloys in hot workability and mechanical
properties. For the purpose, hot compression and tensile
tests were conducted the following way.
First, two test pieces, first and second test
pieces, in the same shape 15 mm in outside diameter and
25 mm in length were cut out of each extruded test piece
obtained as described above. In the hot compression
tests, the first test piece was held for 30 minutes at
7000C, and then compressed 70 percent in the direction
of axis to reduce the length from 25 mm to 7.5 mm. The
surface condition after the compression (700°C
deformability) was visually evaluated. The results are
given in Table 38 to Table 66. The evaluation of
deformability was made by visually checking for cracks
on the side of the test piece. In Table 38 to Table 66,
the test pieces with no cracks found are marked "o",
those with small cracks are indicated in "Δ" and those
with large cracks are represented by a symbol "x".
The second test pieces were put to a tensile test
by the commonly practised test method to determine the
tensile strength, N/mm2 and elongation, %.
As the test results of the hot compression and
tensile tests in Table 38 to Table 66 indicate, it was
confirmed that the first to thirteenth alloys
are equal to or superior to the conventional alloys Nos.
14001 to 14004 and No. 14006 in hot workability and
mechanical properties and are suitable for industrial
use. The seventh and eighth alloys in
particular have the same level of mechanical properties
as the conventional alloy No. 14005, the aluminum bronze
which is the most excellent in strength of the expanded
copper alloys under the JIS designations, and thus have
understandably a prominent high strength feature.
Furthermore, the first to six and ninth to
thirteenth alloys were put to dezincification
and stress corrosion cracking tests in accordance with
the test methods specified under "ISO 6509" and "JIS H
3250" respectively to examine the corrosion resistance
and resistance to stress corrosion cracking in comparison
with the conventional alloys.
In the dezincification test by the "ISO 6509"
method, a sample taken from each extruded test piece was
imbedded in a phenolic resin material in such a way that
part of the side surface of the sample is exposed, the
exposed surface perpendicular to the extrusion direction
of the extruded test piece. The surface of the example
was polished with emery paper No. 1200, and then
ultrasonic-washed in pure water and dried. The sample
thus prepared was dipped in a 12.7 g/l aqueous solution
of cupric chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O) 1.0% and left
standing for 24 hours at 75°C. The sample was taken out
of the aqueous solution and the maximum depth of
dezincification was determined. The measurements of the
maximum dezincification depth are given in Table 38 to
Table 50 and Table 61 to Table 66.
As is clear from the results of dezincification
tests shown in Table 38 to Table 50 and Table 61 to Table
66, the first to fourth alloys and the ninth
to thirteenth alloys are excellent in corrosion
resistance and favourably comparable with the
conventional alloys Nos. 14001 to 14003 containing great
amounts of lead. And it was confirmed that especially the
fifth and sixth alloys which seek improvement
in both machinability and corrosion resistance are very
high in corrosion resistance and superior in corrosion
resistance to the conventional alloy No. 14006, a naval
brass which is the most resistant to corrosion of all the
expanded alloys under the JIS designations.
In the stress corrosion cracking tests in accordance
with the test method described in "JIS H 3250," a 150-mm-long
sample was cut out from each extruded test piece.
The sample was bent with its centre placed on an arc-shaped
tester with a radius of 40 mm in such a way that
one end and the other end subtend an angle of 45
degrees. The test sample thus subjected to a tensile
residual stress was degreased and dried, and then placed
in an ammonia environment in the desiccator with a 12.5%
aqueous ammonia (ammonia diluted in the equivalent of
pure water). To be exact, the test sample was held some
80 mm above the surface of aqueous ammonia in the
desiccator. After the test sample was left standing in
the ammonia environment for two hours, 8 hours and 24
hours, the test sample was taken out from the
desiccator, washed in sulfuric acid solution 10% and
examined for cracks under a magnifier of 10
magnifications. The results are given in Table 38 to
Table 50 and Table 61 to Table 66. In those tables, the
alloys which have developed clear cracks when held in
the ammonia environment for two hours are marked "xx."
The test samples which had no cracks at passage of two
hours but were found to have clear cracks at 8 hours are
indicated by "x." The test samples which had no cracks
at 8 hours, but were found to have clear cracks at 24
hours were indicated by "Δ". The test samples which were
found to have no cracks at all at 24 hours are given a
symbol "o."
As is indicated by the results of the stress
corrosion cracking test given in Table 38 to Table 50 and
Table 61 to Table 66, it was confirmed that not only the
fifth and sixth alloys which seek improvement
in both machinability and corrosion resistance but also
the first to fourth alloys and the ninth and
thirteenth alloys in which nothing particular was done
to improve corrosion resistance were both equal to the
conventional alloy No. 14005, an aluminum bronze
containing no zinc, in stress corrosion cracking
resistance and were superior in stress corrosion cracking
resistance to the conventional naval brass alloy No.
14006, the one which has a highest corrosion resistance
of all the expanded copper alloys under the JIS
designations.
In addition, oxidation tests were carried out to
study the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the
ninth to twelfth invention alloys in comparison with the
conventional alloys.
A test piece in the shape of a round bar with the
surface cut to a outside diameter of 14 mm and the length
cut to 30 mm was prepared from each of the following
extruded test pieces: No. 9001 to No. 9005, No. 10001 to
No. 10008, No. 11001 to No. 11007, No. 12001 to No. 12021
and No. 14001 to No. 14006. Each test piece was then
weighed to measure the weight before oxidation. After
that, the test piece was placed in a porcelain crucible
and held in an electric furnace maintained at 500°C. At
passage of 100 hours, the test piece was taken out of the
electric furnace and weighed to measure the weight after
oxidation. From the measurements before and after
oxidation was calculated the increase in weight by
oxidation. It is understood that the increase by
oxidation is an amount, mg, of increase in weight by
oxidation per 10cm2 of the surface area of the test piece
and is calculated by the equation: increase in weight by
oxidation, mg/10cm2 = (weight, mg, after oxidation -
weight, mg, before oxidation) x (10cm2 / surface area,
cm2, of test piece). The weight of each test piece
increased after oxidation. The increase was brought about
by high-temperature oxidation. Subjected to a high
temperature, oxygen combines with copper, zinc and
silicon to form Cu2O, ZnO, SiO2. That is, oxygen increase
contributes to the weight gain. It can be said,
therefore, that the alloys which are the smaller in
weight increase by oxidation are the more excellent in
high-temperature oxidation resistance. The results
obtained are shown in Table 61 to Table 64 and Table 66.
As is evident from the test results shown in Table
61 to Table 64 and Table 66, the ninth to twelfth
invention alloys are equal to the conventional alloy No.
14005, an aluminum bronze ranking high in resistance to
high-temperature oxidation among the expanded copper
alloys under the JIS designations and are far smaller
than any other conventional copper alloy. Thus, it was
confirmed that the ninth to twelfth invention alloys are
very excellent in machinability and resistance to high-temperature
oxidation as well.
Example 2
As the second series of examples,
cylindrical ingots with compositions given in
Tables 14 to 31, each 100 mm in outside diameter and 200
mm in length, were hot extruded into a round bar 35 mm
in outside diameter at 700 C to produce the following
test pieces: seventh alloys Nos. 7001a to
7030a and eighth alloys Nos. 8001a to 8147a.
In parallel, cylindrical ingots with compositions given
in Table 37, each 100 mm in outside diameter and 200 mm
in length, were hot extruded into a round bar 35 mm in
outside diameter at 700 C to produce the following alloy
test pieces: Nos. 14001a to 14006a as second comparative
examples (hereinafter referred to as the "conventional
alloys"). It is noted that the alloys Nos. 7001a to
7030a, Nos. 8001a to 8147a and Nos. 14001a to 14006a are
identical in composition with the aforesaid copper alloys
Nos. 7001 to 7030, Nos. 8001 to 8147 and Nos. 14001 to
No. 14006 respectively.
Those seventh alloys Nos. 7001a to 7030a
and eighth alloys Nos. 8001a to 8147a were put
to wear resistance tests in comparison with the
conventional alloys Nos. 14001a to 14006a.
The tests were carried out in this procedure. Each
extruded test piece thus obtained was cut on the
circumferential surface, holed and cut down into a ring-shaped
test piece 32 mm in outside diameter and 10 mm in
thickness (that is, the length in the axial direction).
The test piece was then fitted around a free-rotating
shaft, and a roll 48 mm in outside diameter placed in
parallel with the axis of the shaft was urged against
the test piece under a load of 50 kg. The roll was made
of stainless steel under the JIS designation SUS 304.
Then, the SUS 304 roll and the test piece put in
rotational sliding contact with the roll were rotated
at the same rate of revolutions/minute - 209 r.p.m.,
with multipurpose gear oil being dropped onto the
circumferential surface of the test piece. When the
number of revolutions reached 100,000, the SUS 304 roll
and the test piece were stopped, and the weight
difference between the start and the end of rotation,
that is, the loss of weight by wear, mg, was determined.
It can be said that the alloys which are smaller in the
loss of weight by wear are higher in wear resistance. The
results are given in Tables 67 to 77.
As is clear from the wear resistance test results
shown in Tables 67 to 77, the tests showed that those
seventh alloys Nos. 7001a to 7030a and eighth
alloys Nos. 8001a to 8147a were excellent in
wear resistance as compared with not only the
conventional alloys Nos. 14001a to 14004a and 14006a but
also No. 14005a, which is an aluminium bronze having a
highest wear resistance of the expanded copper alloys
under the JIS designations. From comprehensive
considerations of the test results including the tensile
test results, it may safely be said that the seventh and
eighth alloys are excellent in machinability
and also possess a higher strength feature and wear
resistance than the aluminum bronze which is the highest
in wear resistance of all the expanded copper alloys
under the JIS designations.
The alloys of tables 1 to 31, 36 and 37
are not according to the present invention,
with the exception of alloys 4037, 4038 and
4040 which are invention alloys.
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Zn |
1001 | 70.2 | 2.1 | remainder |
1002 | 74.1 | 2.9 | remainder |
1003 | 74.8 | 3.1 | remainder |
1004 | 77.6 | 3.7 | remainder |
1005 | 78.5 | 3.2 | remainder |
1006 | 73.3 | 2.4 | remainder |
1007 | 77.0 | 2.9 | remainder |
1008 | 69.9 | 2.3 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Bi | Te | Se | Zn |
2001 | 74.5 | 2.9 | 0.05 | | | remainder |
2002 | 74.8 | 2.8 | | 0.25 | | remainder |
2003 | 75.0 | 2.9 | | | 0.13 | remainder |
2004 | 69.9 | 2.1 | 0.32 | 0.03 | | remainder |
2005 | 72.4 | 2.3 | 0.11 | | 0.31 | remainder |
2006 | 78.2 | 3.4 | | 0.14 | 0.03 | remainder |
2007 | 76.2 | 2.9 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.12 | remainder |
2008 | 78.2 | 3.7 | 0.33 | | | remainder |
2009 | 73.0 | 2.4 | 0.16 | | | remainder |
2010 | 74.7 | 2.8 | 0.04 | 0.30 | | remainder |
2011 | 76.3 | 3.0 | 0.18 | 0.12 | | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | P | Zn |
3001 | 71.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | | | remainder |
3002 | 78.2 | 2.3 | | 3.3 | | remainder |
3003 | 75.0 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.4 | | remainder |
3004 | 74.9 | 3.2 | | | 0.09 | remainder |
3005 | 71.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 0.03 | remainder |
3006 | 76.5 | 2.7 | | 2.4 | 0.21 | remainder |
3007 | 76.5 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.04 | remainder |
3008 | 77.5 | 3.5 | 0.4 | | | remainder |
3009 | 75.4 | 3.0 | 1.7 | | | remainder |
3010 | 76.5 | 3.3 | | | 0.21 | remainder |
3011 | 73.8 | 2.7 | | | 0.04 | remainder |
3012 | 75.0 | 2.9 | 1.6 | | 0.10 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | Zn |
4001 | 70.8 | 1.9 | 3.4 | | 0.36 | | | remainder |
4002 | 76.3 | 3.4 | 1.3 | | | 0.03 | | remainder |
4003 | 73.2 | 2.5 | 1.9 | | | | 0.15 | remainder |
4004 | 72.3 | 2.4 | 0.6 | | 0.29 | 0.23 | | remainder |
4005 | 74.2 | 2.7 | 2.0 | | 0.03 | | 0.26 | remainder |
4006 | 75.4 | 2.9 | 0.4 | | | 0.31 | 0.03 | remainder |
4007 | 71.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.23 | remainder |
4008 | 79.1 | 1.9 | | 3.3 | 0.28 | | | remainder |
4009 | 76.3 | 2.7 | | 1.2 | | 0.13 | | remainder |
4010 | 77.2 | 2.5 | | 2.0 | | | 0.07 | remainder |
4011 | 79.2 | 3.1 | | 1.1 | 0.04 | 0.06 | | remainder |
4012 | 76.3 | 2.3 | | 1.3 | 0.13 | | 0.04 | remainder |
4013 | 77.4 | 2.6 | | 2.6 | | 0.22 | 0.03 | remainder |
4014 | 77.9 | 2.2 | | 2.3 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.11 | remainder |
4015 | 73.5 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 0.23 | | | remainder |
4016 | 76.3 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 3.2 | | 0.04 | | remainder |
4017 | 75.5 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.0 | | | 0.12 | remainder |
4018 | 77.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | | remainder |
4019 | 72.9 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 0.11 | | 0.04 | remainder |
4020 | 74.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 1.1 | | 0.33 | 0.03 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Zn |
4021 | 74.2 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.09 | | remainder |
4022 | 70.9 | 2.1 | | | 0.11 | | | 0.11 | remainder |
4023 | 74.8 | 3.1 | | | | 0.07 | | 0.06 | remainder |
4024 | 76.3 | 3.2 | | | | | 0.05 | 0.02 | remainder |
4025 | 78.1 | 3.1 | | | 0.26 | 0.02 | | 0.15 | remainder |
4026 | 71.1 | 2.2 | | | 0.13 | | 0.02 | 0.05 | remainder |
4027 | 74.1 | 2.7 | | | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | remainder |
4028 | 70.6 | 1.9 | 3.2 | | 0.31 | | | 0.04 | remainder |
4029 | 73.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | | | 0.03 | | 0.04 | remainder |
4030 | 73.4 | 2.6 | 1.7 | | | | 0.31 | 0.22 | remainder |
4031 | 74.8 | 2.9 | 0.5 | | 0.03 | 0.02 | | 0.05 | remainder |
4032 | 73.0 | 2.6 | 0.7 | | 0.09 | | 0.02 | 0.08 | remainder |
4033 | 74.5 | 2.8 | | | | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.05 | remainder |
4034 | 77.2 | 3.3 | 1.3 | | | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.04 | remainder |
4035 | 74.9 | 3.1 | 0.4 | | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.08 | remainder |
4036 | 79.2 | 3.3 | | 2.5 | 0.05 | | | 0.12 | remainder |
4037 | 74.2 | 2.6 | | 1.2 | | 0.12 | | 0.05 | remainder |
4038 | 77.0 | 2.8 | | 1.3 | | | 0.05 | 0.20 | remainder |
4039 | 76.0 | 2.4 | | 3.2 | 0.10 | 0.04 | | 0.05 | remainder |
4040 | 74.8 | 2.4 | | 1.1 | 0.07 | | 0.04 | 0.03 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Zn |
4041 | 77.2 | 2.7 | | 2.1 | | 0.33 | 0.05 | 0.05 | remainder |
4042 | 78.0 | 2.6 | | 2.5 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.14 | remainder |
4043 | 72.5 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.12 | | | 0.03 | remainder |
4044 | 76.0 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.0 | | 0.20 | | 0.07 | remainder |
4045 | 77.5 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 3.1 | | | 0.21 | 0.12 | remainder |
4046 | 75.0 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.04 | 0.05 | | 0.06 | remainder |
4047 | 71.0 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.15 | | 0.02 | 0.04 | remainder |
4048 | 73.3 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.2 | | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | remainder |
4049 | 74.8 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | P | Sb | As | Zn |
5001 | 69.9 | 2.1 | 3.3 | | | | remainder |
5002 | 74.1 | 2.7 | | 0.21 | | | remainder |
5003 | 75.8 | 2.4 | | | 0.14 | | remainder |
5004 | 77.3 | 3.4 | | | | 0.05 | remainder |
5005 | 73.4 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.04 | | | remainder |
5006 | 75.3 | 2.7 | 0.4 | | 0.04 | | remainder |
5007 | 70.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | | | 0.07 | remainder |
5008 | 71.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | | remainder |
5009 | 77.3 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 0.19 | | 0.03 | remainder |
5010 | 78.2 | 3.1 | 0.4 | | 0.09 | 0.15 | remainder |
5011 | 72.5 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.03 | remainder |
5012 | 79.0 | 3.3 | | 0.24 | 0.02 | | remainder |
5013 | 75.6 | 2.9 | | 0.07 | | 0.14 | remainder |
5014 | 74.8 | 3.0 | | | 0.11 | 0.02 | remainder |
5015 | 74.3 | 2.8 | | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 | remainder |
5016 | 72.9 | 2.5 | | 0.03 | | | remainder |
5017 | 77.0 | 3.4 | | 0.14 | | | remainder |
5018 | 76.8 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 0.12 | | | remainder |
5019 | 74.5 | 2.8 | 1.8 | | | | remainder |
5020 | 74.9 | 3.0 | | 0.20 | 0.05 | | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Bi | Te | P | Sb | As | Zn |
6001 | 69.6 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 0.15 | | | | | remainder |
6002 | 77.3 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 0.02 | | 0.23 | | | remainder |
6003 | 75.2 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.33 | | | 0.12 | | remainder |
6004 | 70.9 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 0.11 | | | | 0.03 | remainder |
6005 | 78.1 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 0.14 | | 0.02 | 0.07 | | remainder |
6006 | 74.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.21 | | 0.10 | | 0.04 | remainder |
6007 | 74.7 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.05 | | | 0.02 | 0.12 | remainder |
6008 | 73.8 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 0.31 | | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | remainder |
6009 | 74.5 | 2.9 | | 0.05 | | 0.19 | | | remainder |
6010 | 78.1 | 3.1 | | 0.11 | | | 0.15 | | remainder |
6011 | 74.6 | 3.3 | | 0.02 | | | | 0.22 | remainder |
6012 | 69.9 | 2.3 | | 0.35 | | 0.08 | 0.02 | | remainder |
6013 | 73.2 | 2.6 | | 0.21 | | 0.03 | | 0.07 | remainder |
6014 | 76.3 | 2.9 | | 0.07 | | | 0.09 | 0.02 | remainder |
6015 | 74.4 | 2.8 | | 0.19 | | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.02 | remainder |
6016 | 70.5 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.10 | 0.02 | | | | remainder |
6017 | 74.7 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.05 | | | remainder |
6018 | 78.1 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.33 | | 0.07 | | remainder |
6019 | 69.4 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 0.11 | 0.03 | | | 0.03 | remainder |
6020 | 77.8 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.02 | | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Bi | Te | Se | P | Sb | As | Zn |
6021 | 74.2 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.20 | 0.03 | | 0.02 | | 0.14 | remainder |
6022 | 75.8 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 0.03 | 0.06 | | | 0.11 | 0.02 | remainder |
6023 | 74.4 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.09 | 0.12 | | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | remainder |
6024 | 77.3 | 3.1 | | 0.02 | 0.25 | | 0.08 | | | remainder |
6025 | 70.5 | 2.4 | | 0.12 | 0.04 | | 0.06 | 0.03 | | remainder |
6026 | 74.3 | 2.9 | | 0.24 | 0.02 | | 0.13 | | 0.11 | remainder |
6027 | 69.8 | 2.3 | | 0.34 | 0.03 | | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.02 | remainder |
6028 | 74.5 | 2.9 | | 0.03 | 0.11 | | | 0.13 | | remainder |
6029 | 78.4 | 3.2 | | 0.02 | 0.08 | | | 0.04 | 0.05 | remainder |
6030 | 73.8 | 3.0 | | 0.08 | 0.31 | | | | 0.23 | remainder |
6031 | 72.8 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.11 | | 0.36 | | | | remainder |
6032 | 78.1 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 0.03 | | 0.02 | 0.05 | | | remainder |
6033 | 77.2 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.09 | | 0.04 | | 0.07 | | remainder |
6034 | 76.9 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 0.03 | | 0.06 | | | 0.07 | remainder |
6035 | 74.1 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0.06 | | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | | remainder |
6036 | 69.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.31 | | 0.12 | 0.03 | | 0.06 | remainder |
6037 | 74.9 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.07 | | 0.21 | | 0.12 | 0.02 | remainder |
6038 | 72.6 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.20 | | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.03 | remainder |
6039 | 69.7 | 2.3 | | 0.23 | | 0.06 | 0.10 | | | remainder |
6040 | 75.4 | 3.0 | | 0.02 | | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.03 | | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Bi | Te | Se | P | Sb | As | Zn |
6041 | 73.2 | 2.5 | | 0.11 | | 0.36 | 0.05 | | 0.02 | remainder |
6042 | 78.2 | 3.7 | | 0.03 | | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.10 | remainder |
6043 | 77.8 | 2.8 | | 0.09 | | 0.02 | | 0.04 | | remainder |
6044 | 73.4 | 2.6 | | 0.16 | | 0.06 | | 0.03 | 0.02 | remainder |
6045 | 71.2 | 2.4 | | 0.35 | | 0.14 | | | 0.08 | remainder |
6046 | 70.3 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.03 | | | | remainder |
6047 | 74.5 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.04 | | | remainder |
6048 | 73.8 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.05 | | 0.12 | | remainder |
6049 | 69.8 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 0.32 | 0.03 | 0.05 | | | 0.13 | remainder |
6050 | 74.2 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | | remainder |
6051 | 74.8 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.05 | | 0.02 | remainder |
6052 | 78.0 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.11 | | 0.11 | 0.03 | remainder |
6053 | 76.3 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | remainder |
6054 | 74.2 | 2.6 | | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | | | remainder |
6055 | 78.2 | 2.9 | | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.03 | | remainder |
6056 | 72.3 | 2.5 | | 0.08 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.10 | | 0.04 | remainder |
6057 | 69.8 | 2.4 | | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.02 | remainder |
6058 | 74.6 | 3.1 | | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.04 | | 0.14 | | remainder |
6059 | 73.8 | 2.5 | | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.03 | | 0.02 | 0.04 | remainder |
6060 | 74.9 | 2.7 | | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.02 | | | 0.03 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Te | Se | P | Sb | As | Zn |
6061 | 69.7 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 0.26 | | | | | remainder |
6062 | 74.2 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 0.03 | | 0.04 | | | remainder |
6063 | 74.9 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 0.14 | | | 0.14 | | remainder |
6064 | 73.8 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0.07 | | | | 0.13 | remainder |
6065 | 78.1 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.02 | | 0.12 | 0.02 | | remainder |
6066 | 72.8 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.32 | | 0.03 | | 0.05 | remainder |
6067 | 73.6 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 0.03 | | | 0.07 | 0.02 | remainder |
6068 | 72.3 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.16 | | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | remainder |
6069 | 70.6 | 2.3 | | 0.33 | | 0.09 | | | remainder |
6070 | 76.5 | 3.2 | | 0.14 | | 0.21 | 0.03 | | remainder |
6071 | 74.5 | 3.1 | | 0.05 | | 0.03 | | 0.03 | remainder |
6072 | 72.8 | 2.7 | | 0.08 | | | 0.13 | | remainder |
6073 | 78.0 | 3.8 | | 0.04 | | | 0.02 | 0.12 | remainder |
6074 | 73.8 | 2.9 | | 0.20 | | | | 0.10 | remainder |
6075 | 74.5 | 2.9 | | 0.07 | | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | remainder |
6076 | 73.6 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.04 | 0.07 | | | | remainder |
6077 | 74.1 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.05 | | | remainder |
6078 | 77.8 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.11 | 0.05 | | 0.07 | | remainder |
6079 | 71.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.06 | 0.03 | | | 0.06 | remainder |
6080 | 72.6 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.02 | | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Te | Se | P | Sb | As | Zn |
6081 | 74.2 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.20 | | 0.02 | remainder |
6082 | 70.6 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 0.32 | 0.05 | | 0.13 | 0.03 | remainder |
6083 | 73.7 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 | remainder |
6084 | 74.5 | 3.1 | | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | | | remainder |
6085 | 72.8 | 2.7 | | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.02 | | remainder |
6086 | 76.2 | 3.3 | | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.11 | | 0.04 | remainder |
6087 | 73.8 | 2.7 | | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | remainder |
6088 | 74.9 | 2.9 | | 0.05 | 0.31 | | 0.05 | | remainder |
6089 | 75.8 | 2.8 | | 0.08 | 0.04 | | 0.03 | 0.14 | remainder |
6090 | 73.6 | 2.4 | | 0.27 | 0.10 | | | 0.06 | remainder |
6091 | 72.4 | 2.2 | 3.2 | | 0.33 | | | | remainder |
6092 | 75.0 | 3.2 | 0.6 | | 0.05 | 0.10 | | | remainder |
6093 | 76.8 | 3.1 | 0.5 | | 0.04 | | 0.11 | | remainder |
6094 | 74.5 | 2.9 | 0.7 | | 0.08 | | | 0.15 | remainder |
6095 | 73.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 | | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.03 | | remainder |
6096 | 69.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 0.14 | 0.04 | | 0.02 | remainder |
6097 | 74.2 | 2.8 | 0.8 | | 0.07 | | 0.02 | 0.03 | remainder |
6098 | 74.4 | 2.9 | 0.8 | | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | remainder |
6099 | 74.8 | 3.1 | | | 0.09 | 0.04 | | | remainder |
6100 | 73.9 | 2.8 | | | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.04 | | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Se | P | Sb | As | Zn |
6101 | 76.1 | 3.0 | 0.04 | 0.05 | | 0.02 | remainder |
6102 | 74.5 | 2.8 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | remainder |
6103 | 74.3 | 2.6 | 0.31 | | 0.04 | | remainder |
6104 | 75.0 | 3.3 | 0.06 | | 0.02 | 0.05 | remainder |
6105 | 73.9 | 2.9 | 0.10 | | | 0.11 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
7001 | 62.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | | | 2.2 | | remainder |
7001a |
7002 | 64.8 | 3.4 | 1.8 | | | | 3.1 | remainder |
7002a |
7003 | 68.2 | 4.1 | 0.6 | | | 1.9 | 1.5 | remainder |
7003a |
7004 | 66.5 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | | 1.9 | | remainder |
7004a |
7005 | 71.3 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 1.8 | | | 2.3 | remainder |
7005a |
7006 | 73.6 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 | | 1.3 | 0.8 | remainder |
7006a |
7007 | 70.1 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.11 | 1.8 | | remainder |
7007a |
7008 | 77.1 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.03 | | 1.8 | remainder |
7008a |
7009 | 67.3 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 1.8 | remainder |
7009a |
7010 | 75.5 | 3.9 | | 2.3 | | 0.8 | | remainder |
7010a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
7011 | 69.8 | 3.4 | | 0.3 | | | 1.3 | remainder |
7011a |
7012 | 71.2 | 4.0 | | 1.4 | | 2.1 | 1.2 | remainder |
7012a |
7013 | 73.3 | 3.9 | | 2.0 | 0.03 | 3.2 | | remainder |
7013a |
7014 | 65.9 | 2.9 | | 0.3 | 0.21 | | 1.3 | remainder |
7014a |
7015 | 68.8 | 3.9 | | 1.1 | 0.05 | 0.9 | 2.0 | remainder |
7015a |
7016 | 68.1 | 4.0 | 0.4 | | 0.04 | 2.8 | | remainder |
7016a |
7017 | 63.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | | 0.19 | | 0.9 | remainder |
7017a |
7018 | 66.7 | 3.4 | 1.3 | | 0.07 | 1.2 | 0.8 | remainder |
7018a |
7019 | 67.2 | 3.6 | | | 0.21 | 1.9 | | remainder |
7019a |
7020 | 69.1 | 3.8 | | | 0.06 | | 2.2 | remainder |
7020a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
7021 | 72.1 | 4.3 | | | 0.07 | 2.0 | 0.8 | remainder |
7021a |
7022 | 71.3 | 3.9 | | 1.1 | | 3.1 | | remainder |
7022a |
7023 | 70.5 | 3.5 | | 1.6 | | 2.3 | | remainder |
7023a |
7024 | 70.0 | 3.6 | | 1.5 | | | 3.2 | remainder |
7024a |
7025 | 69.3 | 2.7 | | 2.1 | | 0.9 | | remainder |
7025a |
7026 | 70.2 | 3.5 | | 1.4 | | | 2.1 | remainder |
7026a |
7027 | 65.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | | 0.8 | | remainder |
7027a |
7028 | 69.8 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | | 2.4 | | remainder |
7028a |
7029 | 71.0 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | | 2.2 | | remainder |
7029a |
7030 | 68.4 | 4.2 | 2.6 | | | 3.3 | | remainder |
7030a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | Mn | Zn |
8001 | 62.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | | 0.31 | | | 1.9 | remainder |
8001a |
8002 | 65.3 | 3.4 | 1.8 | | 0.11 | 0.02 | | 2.5 | remainder |
8002a |
8003 | 66.4 | 4.2 | 0.5 | | 0.05 | | 0.03 | 3.4 | remainder |
8003a |
8004 | 72.1 | 4.4 | 0.4 | | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 2.8 | remainder |
8004a |
8005 | 67.4 | 3.3 | 2.3 | | | 0.31 | | 0.9 | remainder |
8005a |
8006 | 63.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | | | 0.06 | 0.07 | 2.1 | remainder |
8006a |
8007 | 71.5 | 3.9 | 1.5 | | | | 0.20 | 1.4 | remainder |
8007a |
8008 | 64.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.28 | | | 2.1 | remainder |
8008a |
8009 | 68.8 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.07 | 0.20 | | 1.7 | remainder |
8009a |
8010 | 65.3 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 0.05 | | 0.13 | 2.2 | remainder |
8010a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Zn |
8011 | 66.8 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | | 2.3 | remainder |
8011a |
8012 | 75.1 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 2.4 | | 0.03 | | | 1.8 | remainder |
8012a |
8013 | 74.2 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | | 0.10 | 0.04 | | 1.7 | remainder |
8013a |
8014 | 77.1 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 2.1 | | | 0.32 | | 2.0 | remainder |
8014a |
8015 | 62.8 | 2.6 | 2.9 | | 0.12 | | | 0.03 | 1.2 | remainder |
8015a |
8016 | 64.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | | 0.23 | 0.09 | | 0.13 | 1.8 | remainder |
8016a |
8017 | 68.3 | 3.6 | 0.4 | | 0.05 | | 0.05 | 0.04 | 2.2 | remainder |
8017a |
8018 | 73.2 | 4.3 | 0.5 | | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 3.1 | remainder |
8018a |
8019 | 72.4 | 4.1 | 0.7 | | | 0.14 | | 0.21 | 2.1 | remainder |
8019a |
8020 | 69.5 | 3.7 | 0.7 | | | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1.9 | remainder |
8020a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Zn |
8021 | 64.2 | 3.4 | 2.5 | | | | 0.31 | 0.03 | 1.9 | remainder |
8021a |
8022 | 65.6 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.06 | | | 0.03 | 1.4 | remainder |
8022a |
8023 | 67.1 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.05 | | 0.05 | 2.0 | remainder |
8023a |
8024 | 73.2 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 0.03 | | 0.05 | 0.12 | 2.4 | remainder |
8024a |
8025 | 68.8 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 1.8 | remainder |
8025a |
8026 | 66.5 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 0.3 | | 0.24 | | 0.21 | 1.7 | remainder |
8026a |
8027 | 64.8 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 | | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 1.5 | remainder |
8027a |
8028 | 71.2 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 1.0 | | | 0.14 | 0.03 | 2.6 | remainder |
8028a |
8029 | 68.1 | 3.6 | | 0.2 | 0.05 | | | | 2.0 | remainder |
8029a |
8030 | 64.9 | 2.9 | | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.08 | | | 1.0 | remainder |
8030a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Zn |
8031 | 75.3 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.07 | | 0.04 | | 0.8 | remainder |
8031a |
8032 | 77.2 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.04 | | 2.8 | remainder |
8032a |
8033 | 64.7 | 2.8 | 2.2 | | 0.33 | | | 0.9 | remainder |
8033a |
8034 | 69.3 | 3.5 | 1.6 | | 0.03 | 0.03 | | 1.8 | remainder |
8034a |
8035 | 71.2 | 3.8 | 1.5 | | | 0.21 | | 2.0 | remainder |
8035a |
8036 | 70.6 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 0.04 | | | 0.13 | 1.7 | remainder |
8036a |
8037 | 69.7 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.12 | 0.04 | | 0.04 | 1.8 | remainder |
8037a |
8038 | 70.7 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 0.03 | | 0.16 | 0.03 | 3.3 | remainder |
8038a |
8039 | 70.4 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 2.2 | remainder |
8039a |
8040 | 68.8 | 3.7 | 0.4 | | 0.05 | | 0.12 | 1.9 | remainder |
8040a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8041 | 70.3 | 3.9 | | 0.2 | | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 2.1 | | remainder |
8041a |
8042 | 74.6 | 4.3 | | 2.1 | | | 0.12 | 0.03 | 2.4 | | remainder |
8042a |
8043 | 77.0 | 4.5 | | | 0.03 | | | 0.12 | 1.7 | | remainder |
8043a |
8044 | 70.6 | 3.9 | | | 0.10 | 0.06 | | 0.04 | 2.6 | | remainder |
8044a |
8045 | 74.2 | 4.3 | | | 0.11 | | 0.21 | 0.16 | 2.8 | | remainder |
8045a |
8046 | 69.9 | 3.8 | | | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 1.2 | | remainder |
8046a |
8047 | 66.8 | 3.4 | | | | 0.09 | | 0.06 | 2.2 | | remainder |
8047a |
8048 | 71.3 | 4.2 | | | | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.4 | | remainder |
8048a |
8049 | 72.4 | 4.1 | | | | | 0.12 | 0.09 | 2.7 | | remainder |
8049a |
8050 | 62.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | | 0.12 | | | | | 1.5 | remainder |
8050a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | Ni | Zn |
8051 | 64.8 | 3.1 | 2.4 | | 0.08 | 0.03 | | 2.0 | remainder |
8051a |
8052 | 68.9 | 3.9 | 0.3 | | 0.03 | | 0.06 | 1.8 | remainder |
8052a |
8053 | 67.3 | 3.7 | 0.7 | | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 2.1 | remainder |
8053a |
8054 | 66.5 | 3.8 | 0.9 | | | 0.31 | | 2.2 | remainder |
8054a |
8055 | 73.8 | 4.3 | 2.1 | | | 0.03 | 0.05 | 3.3 | remainder |
8055a |
8056 | 74.2 | 4.4 | 1.3 | | | | 0.03 | 2.7 | remainder |
8056a |
8057 | 70.1 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.06 | | | 1.8 | remainder |
8057a |
8058 | 67.9 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.16 | 0.06 | | 0.9 | remainder |
8058a |
8059 | 68.2 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.04 | | 0.09 | 1.7 | remainder |
8059a |
8060 | 66.6 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.2 | remainder |
8060a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Ni | Zn |
8061 | 67.6 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | | 0.30 | | | 1.8 | remainder |
8061a |
8062 | 68.8 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 2.1 | | 0.08 | 0.03 | | 1.1 | remainder |
8062a |
8063 | 71.2 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 0.8 | | | 0.31 | | 2.2 | remainder |
8063a |
8064 | 68.2 | 3.6 | 2.6 | | 0.04 | | | 0.05 | 1.5 | remainder |
8064a |
8065 | 63.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | | 0.32 | 0.02 | | 0.08 | 0.8 | remainder |
8065a |
8066 | 70.5 | 3.9 | 1.1 | | 0.05 | | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2.2 | remainder |
8066a |
8067 | 67.7 | 3.7 | 1.2 | | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 2.0 | remainder |
8067a |
8068 | 66.6 | 3.5 | 1.4 | | | 0.06 | | 0.04 | 2.6 | remainder |
8068a |
8069 | 72.3 | 4.1 | 0.6 | | | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 3.0 | remainder |
8069a |
8070 | 70.6 | 4.0 | 0.4 | | | | 0.16 | 0.05 | 3.2 | remainder |
8070a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Ni | Zn |
8071 | 75.6 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.21 | | | 0.21 | 1.4 | remainder |
8071a |
8072 | 71.2 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.18 | 0.10 | | 0.14 | 1.3 | remainder |
8072a |
8073 | 68.5 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.03 | | 0.08 | 0.03 | 1.9 | remainder |
8073a |
8074 | 64.9 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.8 | remainder |
8074a |
8075 | 65.3 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.2 | | 0.06 | | 0.05 | 1.5 | remainder |
8075a |
8076 | 68.8 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 0.6 | | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 2.7 | remainder |
8076a |
8077 | 67.3 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 0.5 | | | 0.06 | 0.12 | 2.4 | remainder |
8077a |
8078 | 77.0 | 4.1 | | 2.2 | 0.13 | | | | 2.1 | remainder |
8078a |
8079 | 71.2 | 3.8 | | 1.4 | 0.05 | 0.20 | | | 2.0 | remainder |
8079a |
8080 | 68.2 | 3.6 | | 1.3 | 0.04 | | 0.05 | | 2.6 | remainder |
8080a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Ni | Zn |
8081 | 67.3 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.03 | | 1.7 | remainder |
8081a |
8082 | 70.4 | 3.9 | 1.2 | | 0.05 | | | 2.2 | remainder |
8082a |
8083 | 73.6 | 3.9 | 1.3 | | 0.21 | 0.06 | | 3.1 | remainder |
8083a |
8084 | 68.8 | 3.8 | 1.2 | | | 0.18 | | 2.6 | remainder |
8084a |
8085 | 67.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.04 | | | 0.16 | 1.8 | remainder |
8085a |
8086 | 64.9 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.08 | 0.04 | | 0.05 | 1.5 | remainder |
8086a |
8087 | 76.3 | 4.3 | 1.5 | 0.29 | | 0.05 | 0.10 | 2.8 | remainder |
8087a |
8088 | 65.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 1.3 | remainder |
8088a |
8089 | 66.7 | 3.3 | 2.1 | | 0.32 | | 0.03 | 1.8 | remainder |
8089a |
8090 | 69.2 | 4.0 | 1.2 | | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 2.5 | remainder |
8090a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8091 | 70.6 | 3.8 | | 1.3 | | | 0.14 | 0.05 | | 1.7 | remainder |
8091a |
8092 | 67.2 | 3.4 | | | 0.05 | | | 0.04 | | 2.0 | remainder |
8092a |
8093 | 65.8 | 3.2 | | | 0.15 | 0.03 | | 0.06 | | 1.2 | remainder |
8093a |
8094 | 67.7 | 3.7 | | | 0.06 | | 0.10 | 0.08 | | 2.1 | remainder |
8094a |
8095 | 64.7 | 2.9 | | | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.09 | | 1.5 | remainder |
8095a |
8096 | 66.5 | 3.6 | | | | 0.18 | | 0.21 | | 2.3 | remainder |
8096a |
8097 | 67.3 | 3.8 | | | | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.12 | | 2.2 | remainder |
8097a |
8098 | 65.9 | 3.6 | | | | | 0.21 | 0.20 | | 2.5 | remainder |
8098a |
8099 | 64.9 | 3.6 | 0.4 | | 0.18 | | | | 0.8 | 2.6 | remainder |
8099a |
8100 | 67.3 | 3.8 | 1.8 | | 0.03 | 0.06 | | | 1.9 | 1.0 | remainder |
8100a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8101 | 62.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | | 0.20 | | 0.16 | 1.3 | 0.9 | remainder |
8101a |
8102 | 66.3 | 3.4 | 0.5 | | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1.5 | 0.8 | remainder |
8102a |
8103 | 65.8 | 3.8 | 2.6 | | | 0.03 | | 1.4 | 1.2 | remainder |
8103a |
8104 | 64.7 | 3.6 | 2.7 | | | 0.25 | 0.03 | 1.3 | 1.6 | remainder |
8104a |
8105 | 70.4 | 3.9 | 1.8 | | | | 0.07 | 1.0 | 2.0 | remainder |
8105a |
8106 | 70.3 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.05 | | | 2.3 | 0.7 | remainder |
8106a |
8107 | 72.1 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 0.03 | 0.05 | | 1.3 | 1.2 | remainder |
8107a |
8108 | 69.8 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.05 | | 0.05 | 1.5 | 2.1 | remainder |
8108a |
8109 | 75.4 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 2.3 | 1.1 | remainder |
8109a |
8110 | 66.4 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 0.2 | | 0.12 | | 1.6 | 0.9 | remainder |
8110a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8111 | 64.9 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.3 | | 0.08 | 0.05 | | 1.2 | 1.3 | remainder |
8111a |
8112 | 70.0 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 | | | 0.03 | | 1.5 | 0.8 | remainder |
8112a |
8113 | 72.0 | 3.9 | 1.1 | | 0.25 | | | 0.20 | 2.4 | 0.9 | remainder |
8113a |
8114 | 66.5 | 3.6 | 1.2 | | 0.06 | 0.04 | | 0.05 | 1.3 | 1.1 | remainder |
8114a |
8115 | 67.0 | 3.5 | 1.3 | | 0.12 | | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 1.2 | remainder |
8115a |
8116 | 64.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.8 | 1.0 | remainder |
8116a |
8117 | 67.3 | 3.7 | 2.3 | | | 0.03 | | 0.03 | 1.2 | 1.3 | remainder |
8117a |
8118 | 66.4 | 3.8 | 2.4 | | | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 1.6 | remainder |
8118a |
8119 | 70.2 | 3.9 | 0.5 | | | | 0.30 | 0.07 | 1.7 | 0.9 | remainder |
8119a |
8120 | 73.1 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.04 | | | 0.14 | 2.0 | 1.1 | remainder |
8120a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8121 | 71.0 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 0.03 | 0.12 | | 0.20 | 1.8 | 1.0 | remainder |
8121a |
8122 | 70.0 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.06 | | 0.03 | 0.10 | 1.2 | 1.3 | remainder |
8122a |
8123 | 66.5 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 1.5 | remainder |
8123a |
8124 | 68.8 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 0.2 | | 0.06 | | 0.05 | 1.0 | 1.2 | remainder |
8124a |
8125 | 64.9 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.5 | | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.1 | 0.8 | remainder |
8125a |
8126 | 63.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 1.0 | | | 0.31 | 0.03 | 1.2 | 0.8 | remainder |
8126a |
8127 | 70.4 | 3.9 | | 0.2 | 0.04 | | | | 1.6 | 1.3 | remainder |
8127a |
8128 | 66.5 | 3.6 | | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.04 | | | 1.2 | 1.1 | remainder |
8128a |
8129 | 67.3 | 3.7 | | 0.7 | 0.03 | | 0.08 | | 1.3 | 1.2 | remainder |
8129a |
8130 | 66.0 | 3.4 | | 0.7 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.04 | | 1.3 | 1.0 | remainder |
8130a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8131 | 68.0 | 3.8 | 0.8 | | 0.05 | | | 1.1 | 1.4 | remainder |
8131a |
8132 | 70.0 | 3.4 | 2.1 | | 0.03 | 0.22 | | 0.9 | 1.1 | remainder |
8132a |
8133 | 75.5 | 4.2 | 2.2 | | | 0.05 | | 1.2 | 1.9 | remainder |
8133a |
8134 | 68.5 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 0.10 | | | 0.04 | 1.4 | 1.6 | remainder |
8134a |
8135 | 76.5 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 0.03 | 0.10 | | 0.15 | 1.6 | 1.3 | remainder |
8135a |
8136 | 66.5 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.05 | | 0.16 | 0.05 | 1.2 | 1.3 | remainder |
8136a |
8137 | 72.0 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 1.3 | 2.2 | remainder |
8137a |
8138 | 70.2 | 4.0 | 1.0 | | 0.04 | | 0.03 | 2.1 | 1.4 | remainder |
8138a |
8139 | 66.8 | 3.8 | 0.5 | | 0.32 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.2 | 1.6 | remainder |
8139a |
8140 | 67.3 | 3.9 | 0.4 | | | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.8 | 1.0 | remainder |
8140a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Bi | Te | Se | P | Mn | Ni | Zn |
8141 | 66.5 | 3.6 | 0.05 | | | 0.05 | 1.5 | 1.2 | remainder |
8141a |
8142 | 63.9 | 2.9 | 0.30 | 0.03 | | 0.04 | 1.2 | 0.9 | remainder |
8142a |
8143 | 68.4 | 3.8 | 0.03 | | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.9 | 2.5 | remainder |
8143a |
8144 | 65.8 | 3.4 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 1.4 | remainder |
8144a |
8145 | 70.5 | 3.9 | | 0.12 | | 0.05 | 2.6 | 0.8 | remainder |
8145a |
8146 | 72.0 | 4.2 | | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 1.0 | 2.4 | remainder |
8146a |
8147 | 68.0 | 3.7 | | | 0.20 | 0.06 | 1.5 | 1.0 | remainder |
8147a |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | P | Zn |
9001 | 72.6 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.03 | remainder |
9002 | 74.8 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.09 | remainder |
9003 | 77.2 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 0.21 | remainder |
9004 | 75.7 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.07 | remainder |
9005 | 78.0 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0.12 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | P | Cr | Ti | Zn |
10001 | 74.3 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.05 | | 0.03 | remainder |
10002 | 74.8 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.12 | | 0.32 | remainder |
10003 | 74.9 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.08 | 0.33 | | remainder |
10004 | 77.8 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.22 | 0.08 | | remainder |
10005 | 71.9 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.24 | remainder |
10006 | 76.0 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 0.03 | | 0.15 | remainder |
10007 | 75.5 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 0.20 | | remainder |
10008 | 71.5 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.05 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | P | Bi | Te | Se | Zn |
11001 | 74.8 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 0.03 | | | remainder |
11002 | 76.1 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.06 | | 0.21 | | remainder |
11003 | 78.3 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 0.19 | | | 0.18 | remainder |
11004 | 71.7 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.03 | | remainder |
11005 | 73.9 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.33 | | 0.03 | remainder |
11006 | 74.8 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 0.11 | | 0.16 | 0.02 | remainder |
11007 | 78.3 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.04 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Al | Bi | Te | Se | P | Cr | Ti | Zn |
12001 | 73.8 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.21 | | | 0.05 | 0.11 | | remainder |
12002 | 76.5 | 3.2 | 0.9 | | 0.03 | | 0.11 | 0.03 | | remainder |
12003 | 78.1 | 3.4 | 1.3 | | | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.05 | | remainder |
12004 | 70.8 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0.22 | 0.06 | | 0.08 | 0.32 | | remainder |
12005 | 77.8 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 0.02 | | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.26 | | remainder |
12006 | 74.6 | 2.9 | 0.7 | | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.06 | | remainder |
12007 | 73.9 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.18 | | remainder |
12008 | 75.7 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 0.03 | | | 0.12 | | 0.05 | remainder |
12009 | 72.9 | 2.6 | 0.5 | | 0.33 | | 0.04 | | 0.12 | remainder |
12010 | 76.5 | 3.2 | 0.3 | | | 0.32 | 0.03 | | 0.35 | remainder |
12011 | 71.9 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.19 | 0.03 | | 0.03 | | 0.03 | remainder |
12012 | 74.7 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.07 | | 0.05 | 0.21 | | 0.06 | remainder |
12013 | 74.8 | 2.8 | 1.3 | | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.06 | | 0.26 | remainder |
12014 | 78.2 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | | 0.24 | remainder |
12015 | 74.6 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.15 | | | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | remainder |
12016 | 75.5 | 2.9 | 0.7 | | 0.22 | | 0.05 | 0.34 | 0.02 | remainder |
12017 | 76.2 | 3.4 | 0.3 | | | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.31 | remainder |
12018 | 77.0 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 0.03 | 0.14 | | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | remainder |
12019 | 73.7 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.32 | | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.19 | remainder |
12020 | 74.8 | 2.8 | 1.2 | | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.05 | remainder |
12021 | 74.0 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.26 | remainder |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) | heat treatment |
| Cu | Si | Zn | temperature | time |
13001 | 78.5 | 3.2 | remainder | 580°C | 30min. |
13002 | 78.5 | 3.2 | remainder | 450°C | 2hr. |
13003 | 77.0 | 2.9 | remainder | 580°C | 30min. |
13004 | 77.0 | 2.9 | remainder | 450°C | 2hr. |
13005 | 69.9 | 2.3 | remainder | 580°C | 30min. |
13006 | 69.9 | 2.3 | remainder | 450°C | 2hr. |
No. | alloy composition (wt%) |
| Cu | Si | Sn | Al | Mn | Pb | Fe | Ni | Zn |
14001 | 58.8 | | 0.2 | | | 3.1 | 0.2 | | remainder |
14001a |
14002 | 61.4 | | 0.2 | | | 3.0 | 0.2 | | remainder |
14002a |
14003 | 59.1 | | 0.2 | | | 2.0 | 0.2 | | remainder |
14003a |
14004 | 69.2 | 1.2 | | | | 0.1 | | | remainder |
14004a |
14005 | remainder | | | 9.8 | 1.1 | | 3.9 | 1.2 |
14005a |
14006 | 61.8 | | 1.0 | | | 0.1 | | | remainder |
14006a |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
1001 | Δ | Δ | 146 | 290 | ○ | 470 | 32 | Δ |
1002 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 210 | ○ | 524 | 36 | ○ |
1003 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 190 | ○ | 543 | 34 | ○ |
1004 | o ○ | ○ | 126 | 170 | Δ | 590 | 37 | ○ |
1005 | Δ | ○ | 134 | 150 | Δ | 532 | 42 | ○ |
1006 | o ○ | Δ | 129 | 230 | ○ | 490 | 34 | ○ |
1007 | Δ | ○ | 132 | 170 | Δ | 512 | 41 | ○ |
1008 | Δ | Δ | 137 | 270 | ○ | 501 | 31 | Δ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
2001 | ○ | ○ | 116 | 190 | ○ | 523 | 34 | ○ |
2002 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | 190 | ○ | 508 | 36 | ○ |
2003 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | 180 | ○ | 525 | 36 | ○ |
2004 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 280 | Δ | 463 | 28 | Δ |
2005 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 240 | Δ | 481 | 30 | ○ |
2006 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 170 | Δ | 552 | 36 | ○ |
2007 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | 180 | ○ | 520 | 41 | ○ |
2008 | o ○ | ○ | 115 | 140 | Δ | 570 | 34 | ○ |
2009 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | 200 | Δ | 485 | 31 | ○ |
2010 | o ○ | ○ | 114 | 180 | ○ | 507 | 34 | ○ |
2011 | o ○ | ○ | 115 | 170 | Δ | 522 | 33 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
3001 | o ○ | Δ | 128 | 40 | ○ | 553 | 26 | ○ |
3002 | o ○ | ○ | 126 | 130 | Δ | 538 | 32 | ○ |
3003 | o ○ | ○ | 126 | 50 | ○ | 526 | 28 | ○ |
3004 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 533 | 36 | ○ |
3005 | o ○ | ○ | 125 | 50 | ○ | 525 | 28 | ○ |
3006 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 546 | 38 | ○ |
3007 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 552 | 34 | ○ |
3008 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 80 | ○ | 570 | 36 | ○ |
3009 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | 50 | ○ | 541 | 29 | ○ |
3010 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 560 | 35 | ○ |
3011 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 20 | ○ | 502 | 34 | ○ |
3012 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 534 | 31 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
4001 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 40 | Δ | 512 | 24 | ○ |
4002 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 50 | ○ | 543 | 30 | ○ |
4003 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | 50 | ○ | 533 | 30 | ○ |
4004 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | 80 | Δ | 520 | 31 | ○ |
4005 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 50 | ○ | 535 | 32 | ○ |
4006 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | 60 | ○ | 532 | 31 | ○ |
4007 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 50 | ○ | 528 | 26 | ○ |
4008 | o ○ | ○ | 124 | 100 | Δ | 554 | 30 | ○ |
4009 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 130 | ○ | 542 | 34 | ○ |
4010 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 120 | ○ | 562 | 35 | ○ |
4011 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 100 | Δ | 563 | 34 | ○ |
4012 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 130 | ○ | 524 | 40 | ○ |
4013 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 110 | ○ | 548 | 37 | ○ |
4014 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 120 | Δ | 539 | 36 | ○ |
4015 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | 40 | ○ | 528 | 28 | ○ |
4016 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 60 | ○ | 597 | 32 | ○ |
4017 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 50 | ○ | 520 | 33 | ○ |
4018 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | 60 | ○ | 553 | 31 | ○ |
4019 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | 40 | ○ | 606 | 24 | ○ |
4020 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 40 | ○ | 561 | 26 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
4021 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 50 | ○ | 540 | 29 | ○ |
4022 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 487 | 32 | Δ |
4023 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 524 | 34 | ○ |
4024 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | 40 | ○ | 541 | 37 | ○ |
4025 | o ○ | ○ | 115 | <5 | Δ | 526 | 43 | ○ |
4026 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 30 | ○ | 498 | 30 | Δ |
4027 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | 30 | ○ | 516 | 35 | ○ |
4028 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 529 | 27 | ○ |
4029 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 544 | 28 | ○ |
4030 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 536 | 30 | ○ |
4031 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | ○ | 524 | 31 | ○ |
4032 | o ○ | ○ | 114 | <5 | ○ | 515 | 32 | ○ |
4033 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 519 | 37 | ○ |
4034 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 582 | 31 | ○ |
4035 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 538 | 32 | ○ |
4036 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | Δ | 600 | 34 | ○ |
4037 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | 20 | ○ | 523 | 34 | ○ |
4038 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | Δ | 539 | 38 | ○ |
4039 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | 20 | ○ | 544 | 34 | ○ |
4040 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | 40 | ○ | 522 | 31 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
4041 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 20 | ○ | 565 | 31 | ○ |
4042 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 567 | 34 | ○ |
4043 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 530 | 29 | ○ |
4044 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 548 | 31 | ○ |
4045 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 572 | 32 | ○ |
4046 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 579 | 29 | ○ |
4047 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 542 | 26 | ○ |
4048 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 540 | 28 | ○ |
4049 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 539 | 33 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
5001 | o ○ | Δ | 127 | 30 | ○ | 501 | 25 | ○ |
5002 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 524 | 37 | ○ |
5003 | o ○ | Δ | 135 | 10 | ○ | 488 | 41 | ○ |
5004 | o ○ | ○ | 126 | 20 | Δ | 552 | 38 | ○ |
5005 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 518 | 29 | ○ |
5006 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 520 | 34 | ○ |
5007 | o ○ | Δ | 125 | <5 | ○ | 507 | 23 | ○ |
5008 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 515 | 30 | ○ |
5009 | o ○ | ○ | 124 | <5 | ○ | 544 | 35 | ○ |
5010 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | Δ | 536 | 36 | ○ |
5011 | o ○ | Δ | 126 | <5 | ○ | 511 | 27 | ○ |
5012 | o ○ | ○ | 124 | <5 | ○ | 596 | 36 | ○ |
5013 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 519 | 39 | ○ |
5014 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 523 | 37 | ○ |
5015 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 510 | 40 | ○ |
5016 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | 20 | ○ | 490 | 35 | Δ |
5017 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 573 | 40 | ○ |
5018 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 549 | 39 | ○ |
5019 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 50 | ○ | 537 | 30 | ○ |
5020 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 521 | 37 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
6001 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | 30 | ○ | 512 | 24 | ○ |
6002 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 574 | 31 | ○ |
6003 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | Δ | 501 | 32 | ○ |
6004 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 514 | 26 | ○ |
6005 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | Δ | 525 | 42 | ○ |
6006 | ○ | ○ | 115 | <5 | ○ | 514 | 32 | ○ |
6007 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 548 | 27 | ○ |
6008 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 503 | 30 | ○ |
6009 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 522 | 38 | ○ |
6010 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | Δ | 527 | 41 | ○ |
6011 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 536 | 32 | ○ |
6012 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | 20 | ○ | 478 | 27 | Δ |
6013 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 506 | 30 | ○ |
6014 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 525 | 39 | ○ |
6015 | ○ | ○ | 114 | <5 | ○ | 503 | 35 | ○ |
6016 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 40 | ○ | 526 | 27 | ○ |
6017 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | Δ | 507 | 30 | ○ |
6018 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 589 | 31 | ○ |
6019 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 508 | 25 | ○ |
6020 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | Δ | 504 | 43 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
6021 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | ○ | 501 | 33 | ○ |
6022 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 547 | 29 | ○ |
6023 | ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 523 | 30 | ○ |
6024 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | Δ | 525 | 40 | ○ |
6025 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 496 | 30 | ○ |
6026 | ○ | ○ | 114 | <5 | ○ | 518 | 34 | ○ |
6027 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 487 | 28 | Δ |
6028 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 524 | 35 | ○ |
6029 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | Δ | 540 | 41 | ○ |
6030 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 511 | 29 | ○ |
6031 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 40 | ○ | 519 | 28 | ○ |
6032 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 572 | 32 | ○ |
6033 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | Δ | 515 | 36 | ○ |
6034 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 580 | 35 | ○ |
6035 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 517 | 27 | ○ |
6036 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 503 | 26 | ○ |
6037 | ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 536 | 30 | ○ |
6038 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | ○ | 506 | 30 | ○ |
6039 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 485 | 28 | Δ |
6040 | ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | ○ | 528 | 36 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
6041 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 496 | 30 | ○ |
6042 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | Δ | 574 | 34 | ○ |
6043 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | 10 | Δ | 506 | 43 | ○ |
6044 | o ○ | ○ | 115 | 10 | ○ | 500 | 30 | ○ |
6045 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 20 | Δ | 485 | 27 | Δ |
6046 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | 40 | ○ | 512 | 24 | ○ |
6047 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 557 | 25 | ○ |
6048 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 526 | 30 | ○ |
6049 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 502 | 24 | ○ |
6050 | o ○ | ○ | 124 | <5 | ○ | 480 | 31 | ○ |
6051 | ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 534 | 32 | ○ |
6052 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | Δ | 523 | 38 | ○ |
6053 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 506 | 39 | ○ |
6054 | o ○ | ○ | 115 | <5 | ○ | 485 | 31 | ○ |
6055 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | Δ | 512 | 44 | ○ |
6056 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 480 | 33 | Δ |
6057 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 479 | 25 | Δ |
6058 | ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | ○ | 525 | 34 | ○ |
6059 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 20 | ○ | 482 | 35 | ○ |
6060 | ○ | ○ | 118 | 30 | ○ | 513 | 38 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
6061 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | 30 | ○ | 530 | 22 | ○ |
6062 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | 10 | ○ | 538 | 33 | ○ |
6063 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 504 | 37 | ○ |
6064 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | ○ | 526 | 30 | ○ |
6065 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 565 | 35 | ○ |
6066 | o ○ | ○ | 120 | <5 | ○ | 501 | 25 | ○ |
6067 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 526 | 26 | ○ |
6068 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 502 | 30 | ○ |
6069 | o ○ | ○ | 124 | <5 | ○ | 484 | 28 | Δ |
6070 | ○ | ○ | 115 | <5 | ○ | 548 | 37 | ○ |
6071 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 530 | 34 | ○ |
6072 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 515 | 30 | ○ |
6073 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | <5 | Δ | 579 | 35 | ○ |
6074 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 517 | 32 | ○ |
6075 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 513 | 38 | ○ |
6076 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 40 | ○ | 535 | 28 | ○ |
6077 | ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 490 | 30 | ○ |
6078 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | Δ | 513 | 40 | ○ |
6079 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 524 | 30 | ○ |
6080 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 482 | 35 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
6081 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 536 | 34 | ○ |
6082 | o ○ | ○ | 123 | <5 | ○ | 510 | 25 | ○ |
6083 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 504 | 32 | ○ |
6084 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 533 | 34 | ○ |
6085 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | 10 | ○ | 501 | 30 | ○ |
6086 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 545 | 37 | ○ |
6087 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 503 | 34 | ○ |
6088 | ○ | ○ | 115 | <5 | ○ | 526 | 36 | ○ |
6089 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 514 | 39 | ○ |
6090 | o ○ | ○ | 121 | 20 | Δ | 480 | 35 | ○ |
6091 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | 30 | ○ | 516 | 24 | ○ |
6092 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 532 | 30 | ○ |
6093 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 539 | 34 | ○ |
6094 | ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 528 | 32 | ○ |
6095 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 507 | 30 | ○ |
6096 | o ○ | ○ | 122 | <5 | ○ | 508 | 22 | ○ |
6097 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 510 | 31 | ○ |
6098 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 527 | 32 | ○ |
6099 | o ○ | ○ | 116 | <5 | ○ | 529 | 34 | ○ |
6100 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 515 | 32 | ○ |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
6101 | ○ | ○ | 115 | <5 | ○ | 530 | 38 | ○ |
6102 | o ○ | ○ | 118 | <5 | ○ | 512 | 36 | ○ |
6103 | o ○ | ○ | 119 | <5 | ○ | 501 | 35 | ○ |
6104 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 535 | 32 | ○ |
6105 | o ○ | ○ | 117 | <5 | ○ | 517 | 37 | ○ |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
7001 | o ○ | Δ | 138 | ○ | 670 | 18 |
7002 | o ○ | Δ | 136 | ○ | 712 | 20 |
7003 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 783 | 23 |
7004 | o ○ | ○ | 138 | ○ | 736 | 21 |
7005 | o ○ | ○ | 136 | ○ | 785 | 23 |
7006 | o ○ | Δ | 139 | ○ | 700 | 24 |
7007 | Δ | ○ | 138 | ○ | 707 | 23 |
7008 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 805 | 22 |
7009 | o ○ | ○ | 136 | ○ | 768 | 19 |
7010 | o ○ | ○ | 135 | ○ | 778 | 23 |
7011 | Δ | ○ | 137 | ○ | 677 | 23 |
7012 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 800 | 21 |
7013 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 819 | 22 |
7014 | Δ | ○ | 138 | ○ | 641 | 21 |
7015 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 764 | 23 |
7016 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 759 | 20 |
7017 | Δ | ○ | 139 | ○ | 638 | 18 |
7018 | o ○ | ○ | 135 | ○ | 717 | 20 |
7019 | o ○ | ○ | 136 | ○ | 694 | 24 |
7020 | Δ | ○ | 138 | ○ | 712 | 25 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
7021 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 754 | 24 |
7022 | o ○ | Δ | 134 | ○ | 780 | 23 |
7023 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 765 | 22 |
7024 | o ○ | ○ | 135 | ○ | 772 | 23 |
7025 | Δ | ○ | 138 | ○ | 687 | 24 |
7026 | o ○ | ○ | 135 | ○ | 718 | 24 |
7027 | o ○ | Δ | 136 | ○ | 742 | 18 |
7028 | Δ | ○ | 138 | ○ | 785 | 20 |
7029 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 703 | 23 |
7030 | o ○ | ○ | 135 | ○ | 820 | 18 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8001 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 655 | 15 |
8002 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 708 | 17 |
8003 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 768 | 20 |
8004 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 785 | 18 |
8005 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 714 | 16 |
8006 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 680 | 16 |
8007 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 764 | 17 |
8008 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 673 | 16 |
8009 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 759 | 18 |
8010 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 751 | 15 |
8011 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 767 | 17 |
8012 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 796 | 18 |
8013 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 784 | 18 |
8014 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 802 | 17 |
8015 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 679 | 15 |
8016 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 706 | 16 |
8017 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 707 | 18 |
8018 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 780 | 16 |
8019 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 768 | 16 |
8020 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 723 | 19 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8021 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 765 | 16 |
8022 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 770 | 16 |
8023 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 746 | 18 |
8024 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 816 | 19 |
8025 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 759 | 18 |
8026 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 726 | 17 |
8027 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 703 | 17 |
8028 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 737 | 18 |
8029 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 719 | 20 |
8030 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 645 | 23 |
8031 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 764 | 22 |
8032 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 790 | 19 |
8033 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 674 | 20 |
8034 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 748 | 23 |
8035 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 777 | 22 |
8036 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 725 | 23 |
8037 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 770 | 21 |
8038 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 815 | 18 |
8039 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 739 | 24 |
8040 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 721 | 22 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8041 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 735 | 23 |
8042 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 822 | 18 |
8043 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 780 | 18 |
8044 | o ○ | ○ | 126 | ○ | 726 | 21 |
8045 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 766 | 22 |
8046 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 712 | 23 |
8047 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 674 | 21 |
8048 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 753 | 24 |
8049 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 768 | 22 |
8050 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 691 | 17 |
8051 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 717 | 17 |
8052 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 739 | 21 |
8053 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 730 | 22 |
8054 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 735 | 20 |
8055 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 818 | 15 |
8056 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 812 | 16 |
8057 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 755 | 18 |
8058 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 659 | 20 |
8059 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 740 | 17 |
8060 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 714 | 19 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8061 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 705 | 21 |
8062 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 690 | 22 |
8063 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 811 | 18 |
8064 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 746 | 17 |
8065 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 652 | 19 |
8066 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 758 | 19 |
8067 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 734 | 19 |
8068 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 710 | 17 |
8069 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 767 | 20 |
8070 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 753 | 18 |
8071 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 792 | 19 |
8072 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 736 | 21 |
8073 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 767 | 22 |
8074 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 679 | 19 |
8075 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 728 | 17 |
8076 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 795 | 16 |
8077 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 716 | 18 |
8078 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 809 | 18 |
8079 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 758 | 22 |
8080 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 724 | 21 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8081 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 706 | 23 |
8082 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 768 | 23 |
8083 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 774 | 25 |
8084 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 765 | 22 |
8085 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 729 | 23 |
8086 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 687 | 24 |
8087 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 798 | 20 |
8088 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 699 | 23 |
8089 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 740 | 21 |
8090 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 782 | 18 |
8091 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 763 | 22 |
8092 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 680 | 22 |
8093 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 655 | 23 |
8094 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 714 | 21 |
8095 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 638 | 24 |
8096 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 689 | 22 |
8097 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 711 | 21 |
8098 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 693 | 20 |
8099 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 702 | 21 |
8100 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 724 | 18 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8101 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 685 | 18 |
8102 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 690 | 21 |
8103 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 744 | 17 |
8104 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 726 | 17 |
8105 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 751 | 19 |
8106 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 752 | 21 |
8107 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 760 | 21 |
8108 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 748 | 22 |
8109 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 807 | 18 |
8110 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 739 | 16 |
8111 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 717 | 17 |
8112 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 763 | 20 |
8113 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 745 | 22 |
8114 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 722 | 20 |
8115 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 706 | 17 |
8116 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 684 | 19 |
8117 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 740 | 18 |
8118 | o ○ | ○ | 133 | ○ | 765 | 16 |
8119 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 733 | 22 |
8120 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 819 | 19 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8121 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 788 | 20 |
8122 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 755 | 22 |
8123 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | ○ | 711 | 21 |
8124 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 763 | 20 |
8125 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 687 | 18 |
8126 | o ○ | ○ | 134 | ○ | 706 | 17 |
8127 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 730 | 22 |
8128 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 702 | 23 |
8129 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 727 | 21 |
8130 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 701 | 24 |
8131 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 745 | 22 |
8132 | o ○ | ○ | 132 | ○ | 749 | 21 |
8133 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 826 | 18 |
8134 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 770 | 20 |
8135 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 828 | 17 |
8136 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 746 | 20 |
8137 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 784 | 23 |
8138 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 779 | 21 |
8139 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 710 | 22 |
8140 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 717 | 22 |
No. | machinability | hot workability | mechanical properties |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
8141 | o ○ | ○ | 131 | ○ | 687 | 22 |
8142 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 635 | 20 |
8143 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 710 | 23 |
8144 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 662 | 24 |
8145 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | ○ | 728 | 23 |
8146 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | ○ | 753 | 21 |
8147 | o ○ | ○ | 130 | ○ | 709 | 24 |
No. | machinability | corrosion resistance | hot workability | mechanical properties | stress resistance corrosion cracking resistance |
| form of chippings | condition of cut surface | cutting force (N) | maximum depth of corrosion (µm) | 700°C deformability | tensile strength (N/mm2) | elongation (%) |
13001 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | 140 | Δ | 521 | 39 | ○ |
13002 | o ○ | ○ | 126 | 130 | Δ | 524 | 41 | ○ |
13003 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | 150 | Δ | 500 | 38 | ○ |
13004 | o ○ | ○ | 127 | 160 | Δ | 508 | 38 | ○ |
13005 | o ○ | ○ | 128 | 180 | ○ | 483 | 35 | ○ |
13006 | o ○ | ○ | 129 | 170 | ○ | 488 | 37 | ○ |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
7001a | 1.3 |
7002a | 0.8 |
7003a | 0.9 |
7004a | 1.4 |
7005a | 1.3 |
7006a | 1.7 |
7007a | 1.8 |
7008a | 1.2 |
7009a | 0.8 |
7010a | 2.4 |
7011a | 1.9 |
7012a | 1.2 |
7013a | 1.1 |
7014a | 2.7 |
7015a | 1.4 |
7016a | 1.3 |
7017a | 1.6 |
7018a | 1.4 |
7019a | 1.9 |
7020a | 1.5 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
7021a | 1.3 |
7022a | 0.9 |
7023a | 1.2 |
7024a | 1.0 |
7025a | 2.3 |
7026a | 1.7 |
7027a | 1.8 |
7028a | 1.1 |
7029a | 1.5 |
7030a | 1.4 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8001a | 1.4 |
8002a | 1.1 |
8003a | 0.9 |
8004a | 1.2 |
8005a | 1.8 |
8006a | 1.3 |
8007a | 1.5 |
8008a | 1.0 |
8009a | 1.2 |
8010a | 0.7 |
8011a | 1.0 |
8012a | 1.3 |
8013a | 1.4 |
8014a | 1.3 |
8015a | 1.5 |
8016a | 0.9 |
8017a | 1.4 |
8019a | 0.9 |
8019a | 1.0 |
8020a | 1.5 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8021a | 1.0 |
8022a | 1.4 |
8023a | 1.4 |
8024a | 0.8 |
8025a | 1.2 |
8026a | 1.4 |
8027a | 1.9 |
8028a | 0.9 |
8029a | 1.4 |
8130a | 2.2 |
8131a | 2.1 |
8132a | 1.0 |
8133a | 2.4 |
8134a | 1.4 |
8135a | 1.2 |
8136a | 1.5 |
8137a | 1.3 |
8138a | 0.8 |
8139a | 1.4 |
8140a | 1.5 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8041a | 1.5 |
8042a | 1.3 |
8043a | 1.6 |
8044a | 1.2 |
8045a | 1.0 |
8046a | 2.0 |
8047a | 1.6 |
8048a | 1.7 |
8049a | 1.3 |
8050a | 1.5 |
8051a | 1.0 |
8052a | 1.5 |
8053a | 1.3 |
8054a | 1.2 |
8055a | 0.7 |
8056a | 0.9 |
8057a | 1.6 |
8058a | 2.4 |
8059a | 1.6 |
8060a | 1.9 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8061a | 1.6 |
8062a | 1.9 |
8063a | 1.2 |
8064a | 1.7 |
8065a | 2.0 |
8066a | 1.4 |
8067a | 1.5 |
8068a | 1.2 |
8069a | 0.9 |
8070a | 1.0 |
8071a | 1.7 |
8072a | 1.9 |
8073a | 1.6 |
8074a | 1.6 |
8075a | 1.8 |
8076a | 0.8 |
8077a | 1.3 |
8078a | 1.2 |
8079a | 1.4 |
8080a | 1.3 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8081a | 1.6 |
8082a | 1.3 |
8083a | 1.0 |
8084a | 1.2 |
8085a | 1.5 |
8086a | 1.6 |
8087a | 1.1 |
8088a | 2.0 |
8089a | 1.4 |
8090a | 1.2 |
8091a | 1.5 |
8092a | 1.6 |
8093a | 2.1 |
8094a | 1.5 |
8095a | 1.9 |
8096a | 1.5 |
8097a | 1.5 |
8098a | 1.4 |
8099a | 1.1 |
8100a | 0.9 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8101 | 1.4 |
8102 | 1.3 |
8103 | 0.8 |
8104 | 0.8 |
8105 | 0.7 |
8106 | 0.9 |
8107 | 1.2 |
8108 | 1.1 |
8109 | 1.0 |
8110 | 0.7 |
8111 | 0.8 |
8112 | 1.2 |
8113 | 0.9 |
8114 | 1.2 |
8115 | 1.1 |
8116 | 1.4 |
8117 | 1.1 |
8118 | 0.9 |
8119 | 1.1 |
8120 | 0.9 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8121a | 1.0 |
8122a | 1.0 |
8123a | 1.2 |
8124a | 0.8 |
8125a | 1.1 |
8126a | 0.9 |
8127a | 1.3 |
8128a | 1.4 |
8129a | 1.3 |
8130a | 1.5 |
8131a | 1.2 |
8132a | 1.3 |
8133a | 0.8 |
8134a | 1.0 |
8135a | 0.8 |
8136a | 1.3 |
8137a | 1.1 |
8138a | 0.9 |
8139a | 1.2 |
8140a | 1.0 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
8141a | 1.4 |
8142a | 1.8 |
8143a | 1.6 |
8144a | 1.9 |
8145a | 1.1 |
8146a | 1.2 |
8147a | 1.4 |
No. | wear resistance |
| weight loss by wear (mg/100000rot.) |
14001a | 500 |
14002a | 620 |
14003a | 520 |
14004a | 450 |
14005a | 25 |
14006a | 600 |