EP1032016B1 - Cadre support de masque d'ombre de tube de visualisation cathodique - Google Patents

Cadre support de masque d'ombre de tube de visualisation cathodique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1032016B1
EP1032016B1 EP00400356A EP00400356A EP1032016B1 EP 1032016 B1 EP1032016 B1 EP 1032016B1 EP 00400356 A EP00400356 A EP 00400356A EP 00400356 A EP00400356 A EP 00400356A EP 1032016 B1 EP1032016 B1 EP 1032016B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
alloy
frame according
uprights
upright
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00400356A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1032016A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Reyal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aperam Stainless Precision SAS
Original Assignee
Imphy Ugine Precision SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imphy Ugine Precision SA filed Critical Imphy Ugine Precision SA
Publication of EP1032016A1 publication Critical patent/EP1032016A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/06—Screens for shielding; Masks interposed in the electron stream
    • H01J29/07—Shadow masks for colour television tubes
    • H01J29/073—Mounting arrangements associated with shadow masks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shadow mask support frame for a tube. cathode color display that is light, rigid and easy to to manufacture.
  • Color display cathode ray tubes have a foil metallic pierced with a multitude of holes or slots, called “mask shadow ”, placed between the electron gun and the display screen.
  • This shadow mask is intended to obtain a clear image by ensuring that the impacts of electron beams on the viewing screen are located with precision on the photophores arranged on the display screen.
  • Shadow masks are supported by generally shaped frames rectangular which hold them in position in the vicinity of the display screen and, possibly, ensure that they are stretched in order to limit deformations resulting from the local heating generated by the electron beams.
  • a shadow mask support frame comprises two lateral uprights made of metal tubes or angles and two end uprights consisting of angles or tubes placed on the uprights sides assembled by welding at the contact points.
  • the tubes or the angles must be relatively thick to obtain sufficient rigidity.
  • the frames thus formed are suitable for masks shade, but have the disadvantage of being heavy and difficult to manufacture with good geometric precision.
  • a frame for a shadow mask is consisting of angles made from thin strips shaped so as to form angles which are assembled by welding.
  • the frame is produced by stamping a generally rectangular metal sheet and including a central rectangular cutout.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by offering a shadow mask support frame that is light, rigid and easy to to manufacture.
  • the invention relates to a shadow mask support frame for color display cathode ray tube, generally rectangular in shape, comprising two end uprights arranged opposite one another and intended to receive a shadow mask, and two lateral uprights intended to maintain the end posts spaced from each other.
  • Said end posts and said lateral uprights are generally tubular in shape and constitute a body closed practically continuous hollow containing at least one flat closed line, located entirely inside the hollow body and passing inside each of said end and side uprights.
  • This frame consists of at least one membrane thin metallic.
  • the frame can, for example, consist of two metal membranes thin stamped so as to form an outer shell an inner shell, the two shells being nested one inside the other so as to form a hollow body.
  • the two shells can be made either of the same material or of two different materials.
  • the frame can also consist of either a single metal membrane folded so as to form a hollow body, that is to say of several metal membranes folded so as to each form a hollow body constituting a frame portion, the frame portions then being assembled.
  • the end posts intended to receive a shadow mask, can have a generally triangular section and have a flap along the edge top on which you can weld the edge of a shadow mask. They can also have a generally trapezoidal section so as to present a upper edge of sufficient width to allow the welding of an edge of a shadow mask.
  • the upper edge can be straight or curvilinear.
  • the lateral uprights can have any cross section, and particular rectangular, or preferably trapezoidal.
  • the frame may more particularly be intended to receive a mask tense shadow.
  • the metal membrane (s) of which the frame is made are in one metallic material preferably taken from the following materials: low-grade steel carbon, iron-based alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-chrome alloy, iron-based alloy nickel, structural hardening alloy, type hardening alloy martensitic, magnetic alloy, non-magnetic alloy, shock absorbing alloy vibrations.
  • these materials can be chosen, for example, so that the coefficient of expansion thermal of the lateral uprights is different from the coefficient of thermal expansion end posts.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a frame according to which is cut from a sheet of metallic material a strip having the shape developed of the frame or of the frame portion or a plurality of bands having the developed form of a plurality of complementary frame portions, fold the or the strips along a plurality of lines so as to form the frame or frame portions, and when the frame is made in one piece, it is secured by welding, brazing or clinching the edges of the strip which overlap one another the other.
  • the frame is made in several pieces, for each of the portions frame, the edges of the strip which are joined by welding, soldering or clinching overlap each other, and we assemble the frame portions by joining them together by welding, soldering or clinching.
  • the welding is a laser or electron beam welding.
  • the shadow mask support frames thus obtained are both very rigid and very light. In addition, they are easy to manufacture with very good precision. geometric. In addition, they have a very good vibratory behavior, and in particular significant depreciation.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a shadow mask 1 mounted on a frame 2 shadow mask support.
  • Frame 2 generally has a shape rectangular and has two lateral uprights 3, 3 'and two end uprights 4, 4 '.
  • the shadow mask 1 consists of a thin metallic sheet, for example iron-nickel alloy with low coefficient of expansion, pierced with a plurality of holes 5 and fixed by welding to the edges 6, 6 'of the end posts 4, 4'.
  • Different shadow mask shapes are possible, and these shapes are well known from the skilled person.
  • the mask has a shape in portion of cylinder, but, the shadow mask can also be flat.
  • the mask shade 1 can be stretched, i.e.
  • the frame which has just been described in general can be placed on a horizontal plane surface, or reference plane, the shadow mask is then above of the horizontal planar surface.
  • the upper faces or edges defined above are located on the side of the screen, the lower faces or edges are located opposite (on the side of the barrel with electrons).
  • the shadow mask support frame is arranged on a plane of horizontal reference.
  • the support frame for a stretched shadow mask comprises lateral and longitudinal uprights having a generally tubular shape and which constitute a practically continuous hollow body; by practically hollow body continuous means a hollow body whose inner part can be obstructed locally.
  • the side and end posts are arranged so that it is possible to draw a closed flat line entirely contained in the hollow body and passing inside each of the uprights. It is this structure which gives its rigidity of the frame according to the invention, in particular because the forces are transmitted from an end post to a lateral post along a line located inside the lateral upright.
  • the frame 8 consists of a outer shell 10 and an inner shell 30, fitted one inside the other of so as to form a continuous hollow body.
  • the two shells are obtained by stamping of metal blanks of generally rectangular shape, comprising a central rectangular cutout.
  • Each of the shells constitutes a membrane metallic.
  • the outer shell 10 has the shape of a rectangular box comprising end walls 14, 14 ', side walls 16, 16' and a bottom open by a wide rectangular cutout 11 leaving only a strip 12 extending over the whole the inner periphery of the outer shell.
  • the edge of the strip 12 delimiting the rectangular cutout 11 is folded up, so as to form a border.
  • Each end wall 14, 14 ' has an upper edge 15, 15' in an arc.
  • Each side wall 16, 16 ′ has a notch 19 so that the height of its central part 17 is lower than the height of its ends 18a, 18b.
  • the upper edges of the end walls 14, 14 'and the side walls 16, 16' constitute a continuous edge 20 comprising a flap 21 oriented towards the outside of the outer shell (in a variant, these flaps can be oriented towards inside the shell).
  • the corners 22 are cut so as to present a surface inclined triangular which can be used to fix means of suspension of the frame to inside a cathode ray tube.
  • the internal shell 30, of complementary shape to the shape of the shell outer 10 is a complex surface comprising two end faces 31, 31 'a roughly flat and inclined towards each other, and two lateral faces 32, 32 ', cylindrical.
  • This surface is delimited on the one hand, by an external edge 33, having a rim 34 facing outwards, the shape and dimensions of which are identical to those of the upper edge 20 of the outer shell 10, and on the other hand, by an internal edge 35, having a rim 36 facing inwards, of shape and of identical size to those of the rectangular cutout 11 at the bottom of the outer shell 10.
  • the two shells are joined along their edges by welding, by soldering or clinching.
  • the two shells thus fitted together form a continuous hollow body having a generally rectangular shape and a flat bottom, so that the uprights side and end are located in the same plane.
  • This structure has the advantage to be both very rigid and very light, and to have very good precision geometric.
  • the rigidity is sufficient for the shadow mask support frame may consist of two shells, the thickness of which may vary depending on the size of the cathode ray tube and the type of alloy used, between 200 ⁇ m and 1500 ⁇ m and so that it can serve as a support frame for a stretched shadow mask.
  • edges can all be straight
  • the side walls of the lower shell may have stiffening ribs
  • the surfaces of the upper shell may be more or less flat or more or less domed.
  • the two shells are made of a metallic material such as steel with low carbon, an iron-based alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium alloy, a nickel-based alloy, a structural hardening alloy, a hardening of martensitic type, a magnetic alloy, a non-magnetic alloy, or a vibration absorbing alloy.
  • a metallic material such as steel with low carbon, an iron-based alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium alloy, a nickel-based alloy, a structural hardening alloy, a hardening of martensitic type, a magnetic alloy, a non-magnetic alloy, or a vibration absorbing alloy.
  • the two shells can be made of the same material or two different materials, having, for example, different coefficients of expansion.
  • Each shell can be made of two different materials, one constituting the lateral uprights and the other the end uprights of the support frame shadow mask.
  • each shell is made from a blank composite obtained by welding together strips of natural alloy different.
  • the materials can be chosen so that the coefficient of expansion thermal of the lateral uprights is different from the coefficient of thermal expansion end uprights, which means that, in the end, the tension of the shadow mask is little affected by temperature variations during the manufacture of the cathode ray tube.
  • the shadow mask support frame consists of a continuous, or almost continuous, rectangular hollow body obtained by folding a suitably cut metal strip.
  • the band metallic, cut beforehand as will be described in detail below is folded so as to form generally tubular uprights, connecting so that it is possible to trace inside the hollow body a closed flat line passing inside each upright.
  • the support frame of shadow mask then consists of a single metal membrane.
  • the shadow mask support frame 39 (fig 3) has two uprights side 40, 40 ', of rectangular section, and two end posts 41, 41', of triangular section.
  • the lateral uprights 40, 40 ′ are less tall than the end posts 41, 41 ', so that the edges 43, 43', of the posts end 41, 41 ', intended to receive the shadow mask (not shown), are projecting.
  • the lower corners 42, at the junction between a lateral upright and an upright end, are cut so as to present inclined planar surfaces capable of receive means for fixing the shadow mask support frame in the tube cathodic.
  • each lateral upright 40 is obtained by folding a strip so that two walls 44 and 45 are in single thickness and two walls 46 and 47 in double thickness, so as to increase the rigidity of the whole.
  • the wall 44 in single thickness, may include openings 48 making it possible to introduce welding means for securing by welding the two thicknesses of the wall 47.
  • openings 48 are not essential, and that it is possible to perform welding along edge 51, at the junction of faces 45 and 47 of the lateral upright 40, or by laser welding from the outside, for example by a laser welding in a continuous line or by a plurality of welding points laser distributed along the wall in double thickness 47.
  • the end post 41 is obtained by folding a strip, the edges of which are folded down so as to form flaps 49 and 50 which fit into each other so as to form the edge upper 43 intended to receive the shadow mask. The whole is joined by a weld along the flap 50.
  • the frame thus formed forms a practically continuous hollow body, comprising end and side uprights the lower faces of which are located in the same plane.
  • the frame 39 which has just been described, can be produced from a single strip having the developed shape of the frame, represented in figure 5. This shape is obtained by opening the frame at one of its angles, then unfolding it so that align all of its uprights, then unfolding the walls of the uprights.
  • the tape as well obtained allows the frame to be reconstructed by folding.
  • the strip 60 has two panels 61, 61 'corresponding to the uprights end 41, 41 'and two panels 62, 62' corresponding to the side uprights 40, 40 ', arranged alternately. Two successive panels 61 and 62 are separated by a cutout 63 whose shape is such that after folding, the ends side and end posts fit into each other, and that the corner is broken. The folds are made along the dotted lines.
  • the folding of the panel 61 corresponding to the end post 41 is made along two main lines aa and bb so as to form the faces 54, 55 and 56 of the end upright of triangular section, and according to two complementary lines cc and dd, to form the flaps 49 and 50.
  • the folding of the panel 62 corresponding to the lateral upright 40 is done according to five lines ee, ff, gg, hh and ii, so as to form an upright of rectangular section.
  • the cutout 63 leaves a small strip 64 in the form of a diamond, bearing on one of its sides a triangle 65 corresponding to the cut corner 42 of the frame, and on the other a flap 66.
  • the triangle 65 also has two flaps 67.
  • the cutout On the side of the panel 61, the cutout has a straight edge 68 and a triangular notch 69 used to form the cut corner 42.
  • the cutout forms a broken line 70 delimiting protruding and re-entrant parts which, after folding, will ensure good connection between the side and end posts.
  • edges 52 and 53 corresponding to the junction between a lateral upright 40 and an end upright 41 and flap 50.
  • the shadow mask support frame thus produced constitutes a hollow body continuous very rigid, light and having very good geometrical precision while being easy to make. It also has the advantage of having a behavior very favorable vibration, in particular because it has excellent properties depreciation. This frame is particularly well suited for supporting a mask tense shadow.
  • the mask support frame shade can be made of a metallic material such as low carbon steel, an iron-based alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium alloy, a base alloy nickel, a structural hardening alloy, a hardening type alloy martensitic, a magnetic alloy, a non-magnetic alloy, or an alloy dampening vibrations.
  • a metallic material such as low carbon steel, an iron-based alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium alloy, a base alloy nickel, a structural hardening alloy, a hardening type alloy martensitic, a magnetic alloy, a non-magnetic alloy, or an alloy dampening vibrations.
  • the strip can also be composite, the panels 61 and 61 'being made of a first alloy, and the panels 62 and 62 'being made of a second alloy.
  • the end upright 80 is of triangular section as in the previous case, and comprises along its upper edge 83 a flap 84 intended to receive a shadow mask.
  • the inclined wall 81 is connects to the vertical wall 82 exactly along the edge 83, just below the flap 84, and the assembly is carried out by a plurality of welding points arranged at the bottom of depressions 85 arranged along the edge of the inclined wall 81. These depressions are produced for example by stamping before folding the membrane. This arrangement has the advantage of improving the resistance mechanics of the upper edge 83.
  • the lateral upright 86 is of square section of which a single wall 87 is in double thickness.
  • the two thicknesses of the wall 87 are joined by a plurality of weld points (not visible in the figure) distributed over the entire length of the lateral upright. These weld points are produced for example by laser welding, from the outside. Welding can also be carried out under form of a line or a plurality of continuous weld lines.
  • the lateral upright 86 fits into the end upright 80 and penetrates inside, so that its underside 93 rests on the underside 88 of the end post, which allows them secure by laser welding from the outside.
  • the lateral upright 86 can extend up to the vertical wall 82 of the end post, in this case the hollow body is "Almost continuous", or on the contrary stop before touching this wall 82, in in this case, the hollow body is continuous since no wall prevents it from passing continuously from the inside of the side post to the inside of the end post.
  • the length of the part 92 of the lateral upright which is at the inside of the end post has a strong effect on the rigidity of the assembly and that this stiffness can be adjusted by choosing this length as from need.
  • the end upright 80 is connected to the lateral upright 86 by means of flaps 89, 90, 91 secured by welding with the walls of the amount with which they cooperate.
  • the flap 89 allows to join the end of the wall 87 of the lateral upright 86 with the inclined wall 81 of the upright end 80.
  • the wall 87 is extended by a trapezoidal part 87 ' (partially visible in Figure 8) which obstructs the end of the end post 80. This arrangement has the advantage of improving the rigidity of the end post.
  • edge upper 95 of the end upright 96 can be curvilinear; the curve formed by the upper edge 95 being neither in a vertical plane nor in a horizontal plane.
  • these two faces have stamped areas 99 and 100, constituting surfaces which can be connect along edge 95.
  • These stamped areas have a shape generally curved whose concavity is preferably oriented towards the inside of the upright, this which improves its mechanical behavior. Longitudinal uprights 101 and 102 are not modified compared to the previous embodiment.
  • the lateral uprights have a square section.
  • the side posts may have a trapezoidal or triangular section.
  • the barrel electron 105 located under the shadow mask support frame 106 emits a beam of electrons which sweeps the pyramidal volume represented by the broken lines 107.
  • the end post 108 of the shadow mask support frame 106 is triangular section and has an inclined face 109 practically parallel to a face of the pyramidal volume defined by the broken lines 107.
  • the lateral upright 110 has a trapezoidal section, comprising a face 111 which is inclined and substantially parallel to one face of the pyramidal volume delimited by the broken lines 107.
  • the amount end 112 may also have a trapezoidal section, and include a narrow upper face 113 intended to receive the shadow mask.
  • the frame is made from a suitably cut metal strip then folded so as to form a practically continuous hollow body, comprising parts joined together by welding.
  • the side uprights may not not have double thickness walls, but simply flaps of a wall on the other so as to facilitate welding. There may not even be any flaps, the welding then being done edge to edge.
  • the duplicate wall (s) thickness is not necessarily the outer side walls or the walls lower as shown in the figures, but any wall that the skilled person can choose for example depending on the manufacturing conditions to facilitate this one.
  • the upper edge of an end post intended to receive a shadow mask may not have a flap, welding the shadow mask can be done in any suitable way that the skilled person can choose in according to the manufacturing means at its disposal (for example, welding with wheel along an edge).
  • the amounts end 160 may include primers for lateral uprights 161, the lateral uprights 162 then being tubes fitted into the primers of lateral uprights or in which the side upright primers are fitted.
  • the production of a frame obtained by folding can be carried out by other folding modes.
  • the faces lower side uprights and end uprights are located substantially in the same plane.
  • the end uprights are supported on the ends side uprights.
  • This characteristic can be obtained with various configurations as shown in Figures 13a, 13b, 13c. in all three cases, the upper face 132 of the lateral upright is located below the upper edge 133 of the end post, but either the underside 130 of the end post is in the same plane as the underside 131 of the lateral upright, or it is in below, or it is above but below the upper face 132 of the lateral upright.
  • At least one plane P can be determined on which it is possible to draw at least one closed curve entirely located inside of the hollow body that constitutes the frame, and passing inside each of the amounts.
  • An example of a continuous line is also shown in Figure 8 on which we can see the plane P and the line AA 'in broken lines.
  • the line AA 'extends to form a continuous line closed located in plane P and located inside the four uprights of the frame.
  • the lateral upright 93 does not extend to the external wall 82 of the end upright 80, so that the hollow body is continuous.
  • the lateral upright 93 could extend to the outer wall 82 of the end post.
  • line AA ' would necessarily cross the part 92 of the lateral upright 93 which is located inside the end upright if although the hollow body would not be absolutely continuous but practically continuous because locally obstructed by internal walls.
  • This variant illustrates what we “practically continuous” hollow body means.
  • the mask support frame shade When mounted in a cathode ray tube, the mask support frame shade is held in position by legs which can be shaped various, fixed to the frame by welding, clipping or screwing.
  • the tab 140 shown in FIG. 14 is fixed to the frame at an angle 141, both by clipping and by screwing.
  • the leg 140 comprises two tabs 144 and 145 and two holes 148 and 149
  • the frame has (in each angle intended to receive a leg) two slots 142 and 143 and two holes 150 and 151.
  • Clipping is carried out by penetrating the tabs 144 and 145 of lug 140 in slots 142 and 143
  • screwing is carried out by screwing two screws 146 and 147 through holes 148 and 149, in holes 150 and 151.
  • the bottom corner 152 of the frame is cut, which creates a hole in the frame wall. This hole can be used to remove cleaning fluids used while throughout the frame manufacturing process. It can also be used for adjust the deformation of the frame when applying forces to both end posts before welding the shadow mask. This adjustment can be done by properly choosing the size of the hole.

Landscapes

  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP00400356A 1999-02-19 2000-02-08 Cadre support de masque d'ombre de tube de visualisation cathodique Expired - Lifetime EP1032016B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9902129A FR2790140B1 (fr) 1999-02-19 1999-02-19 Cadre support de masque d'ombre de tube de visualisation cathodique
FR9902129 1999-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1032016A1 EP1032016A1 (fr) 2000-08-30
EP1032016B1 true EP1032016B1 (fr) 2001-10-24

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EP00400356A Expired - Lifetime EP1032016B1 (fr) 1999-02-19 2000-02-08 Cadre support de masque d'ombre de tube de visualisation cathodique

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US6528933B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1032016B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP3955709B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100790618B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN1279567C (ja)
AT (1) ATE207655T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2553600A (ja)
BR (1) BR0000900A (ja)
CA (1) CA2363778A1 (ja)
CZ (1) CZ20013024A3 (ja)
DE (1) DE60000019T2 (ja)
ES (1) ES2163387T3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2790140B1 (ja)
ID (1) ID29962A (ja)
PL (1) PL338537A1 (ja)
PT (1) PT1032016E (ja)
TW (1) TW455901B (ja)
WO (1) WO2000051157A1 (ja)

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FR2823006A1 (fr) * 2001-04-03 2002-10-04 Imphy Ugine Precision Cadre support de masque d'ombre pour tube cathodique de visualisation en couleur et procede de fabrication
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Publication number Publication date
KR20000058124A (ko) 2000-09-25
JP2007188892A (ja) 2007-07-26
EP1032016A1 (fr) 2000-08-30
ES2163387T3 (es) 2002-02-01
US6528933B1 (en) 2003-03-04
JP2000260344A (ja) 2000-09-22
PT1032016E (pt) 2002-04-29
CA2363778A1 (fr) 2000-08-31
WO2000051157A1 (fr) 2000-08-31
TW455901B (en) 2001-09-21
DE60000019D1 (de) 2001-11-29
AU2553600A (en) 2000-09-14
BR0000900A (pt) 2000-09-12
ID29962A (id) 2001-10-25
FR2790140A1 (fr) 2000-08-25
FR2790140B1 (fr) 2001-04-20
DE60000019T2 (de) 2002-03-21
CN1264915A (zh) 2000-08-30
CZ20013024A3 (cs) 2001-12-12
ATE207655T1 (de) 2001-11-15
KR100790618B1 (ko) 2007-12-31
JP3955709B2 (ja) 2007-08-08
PL338537A1 (en) 2000-08-28
CN1279567C (zh) 2006-10-11

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