EP1017078A1 - Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter - Google Patents

Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1017078A1
EP1017078A1 EP99403071A EP99403071A EP1017078A1 EP 1017078 A1 EP1017078 A1 EP 1017078A1 EP 99403071 A EP99403071 A EP 99403071A EP 99403071 A EP99403071 A EP 99403071A EP 1017078 A1 EP1017078 A1 EP 1017078A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
contactor according
electrical contact
electric contactor
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99403071A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1017078B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Forys
Bernard Lallemant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pyroalliance SA
Original Assignee
Pyroalliance SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyroalliance SA filed Critical Pyroalliance SA
Publication of EP1017078A1 publication Critical patent/EP1017078A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1017078B1 publication Critical patent/EP1017078B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of electrical contactors, especially those used in electric power motors with batteries and used to power cars or space vehicles such as satellites.
  • the present invention relates more specially to a functioning electrical contactor pyrotechnic allowing, in the event of an anomaly, to open the electrical circuit upstream of the battery element defective and to close a bypass circuit, to isolate the faulty battery cell while ensuring the continuity of the electrical circuit.
  • This kind of contactor intervenes to avoid an electric motor to systematically break down in case of bad operation of one of its battery cells.
  • a first type of contactor is described in the US patent US 3,885,223. It is a contactor electric with pyrotechnic operation equipped in one of its chambers with a flattened section tube. When this contactor has not yet operated, it closes a circuit through the surface outside of the tube casing, at both furthest points from the flattened closed section. During operation, the combustion gases invade the tube and generate pressure such that the tube will deform and acquire a section circular.
  • the electrical contactor described in the patent European EP 0 665 566 is also operational pyrotechnic. It involves a gas generator whose function is to move a conductive part in contact with another conductive part in order to separate to interrupt the electric current.
  • the electrical contactors that can enter the scope of electric motors fitted with batteries and which have the dual function of opening a electrical circuit and close another so quasi-simultaneous, must have two characteristics sought by the skilled person: they must, of a on the one hand, act in an extremely short time and, on the other hand, be non dissipative, that is to say that the resistance of the active circuit and particularly, the contact resistance should be minimized to avoid, as much as possible, dissipation of energy by the Joule effect, while the resistance of the inactivated circuit is infinite.
  • the contactor according to the invention responds to this double requirement.
  • the downstream part comprises three points of electrical contact and the piston whose part conductive connects the first electrical contact point at the second point of electrical contact can move under the effect of the pressure generated by the gases from combustion of the pyrotechnic initiation device to come and connect the second point of contact electrical at the third electrical contact point.
  • the piston is entirely made of solid insulating material.
  • the hollow body is a tube elongate.
  • the contact points electric are located in the side wall of the downstream part of the tube.
  • the contact points are made up of conductive pads.
  • the three studs are fixed, aligned and evenly spaced, and the piston undergoes a translational movement in the downstream part when is subjected to the pressure of the combustion gases from the pyrotechnic initiation device.
  • the conductive part of the piston consists of a plate constantly remaining in contact with at least two pads during its movement and which, at a given instant of said movement, is momentarily connected to the three pads.
  • the opening of the first circuit takes place while the electric current is already flowing in the second circuit making it possible to avoid, for a short time, the simultaneous opening of the two electric circuits.
  • the downstream part of the tube has a conical free end allowing the piston set in motion by the combustion gases to complete its course by fretting in said conical end. In this way, the piston remains frozen in this position without risk of returning to the downstream part.
  • the initiation device pyrotechnic is screwed into the upstream part of the tube elongate.
  • each conductive pad is inserted in an insulating structure attached to the wall of the downstream part of the tube.
  • each conductive pad is inserted into a hollow insulating screw screwed into the wall of the downstream part of the elongated tube.
  • each stud as well as the plate are made of copper-based material.
  • the hollow body is made of light alloy based aluminum.
  • the device of pyrotechnic initiation is built from a hot wire initiator of the type used in the large automobile series.
  • the charge pyrotechnic of said initiator is constituted by a oxy-reducing ignition composition.
  • the contactor according to the invention has the advantage of being light, simple in design and reduced dimensions.
  • the parts involved in the operation of the contactor mechanism are stressed moderate friction. Also, their displacement does not requires only a small amount of pyrotechnic material at the level of the initiator, and their mechanical strength can be provided by a lightweight material.
  • the contactor when it is in the switching phase, permanently circulates the electric current in either of the two electrical circuits thus avoiding a total cut and momentary which could cause phenomena unwanted parasites with unpredictable consequences on the circuit.
  • Another advantage provided by the invention is the non-dissipative nature of the contactor translating by the absence of energy dissipation by Joule effect.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a contactor according to the invention which has not yet worked.
  • Figure 2 is a cross section along the plan II-II of a contactor according to the invention.
  • FIG 3 is a longitudinal section of the contactor which is shown in Figure 1 and which has carried out the switching.
  • an electrical contactor 1 according to the invention consists of a hollow body 2 made of a light alloy based on aluminum and having a substantially cylindrical downstream portion extended by an enlarged cylindrical upstream portion 11, the two parts being in the extension of one another and in communication with each other.
  • the enlarged cylindrical part 11 has a threaded bore and has at one of its ends a circular face 12 having an opening in its center.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 has the form of a screw having an enlarged hexagonal head 13 and a body cylindrical threaded and is built from an initiator hot wire commonly used in mass production automotive and including a pyrotechnic charge gas generator like those formed, by example, of a redox ignition composition.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 is screwed until head 13 comes into abutment against the face circular 12.
  • a circular joint wedged between the body of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 and the wall internal of the upstream part of the hollow body 2 ensures good sealing of said upstream part 11 with respect to the ambient.
  • the substantially cylindrical downstream part has a projecting flat part, of rectangular shape 14, acting as a platform and comprising three identical threads, aligned along the axis of the hollow body 2 and regularly spaced, said threads communicating the downstream part of the hollow body 2 with the outside of contactor 1.
  • Three hollow insulating screws 10, 30, 40, and threaded on their external cylindrical surface are screwed into the threads and are intended to receive and firmly hold cylindrical conductive pads 5, 6, 7 each ending in an enlarged cylindrical flat head 15 , 25, 35 of diameter greater than the diameter of the bores of said hollow screws 10, 30, 40.
  • the downstream part of the hollow body 2 which delimits a substantially cylindrical space, contains a piston 4 monobloc comprising two cylindrical end portions slightly smaller in diameter than said space cylindrical and one of which is closest to the device pyrotechnic initiation 3, has at its periphery and stuck against the inner wall of the downstream part of the hollow body 2 two parallel seals, 16, 17, and an intermediate part of regular section, reduced, in the shape of a circle segment, occupying partially the downstream part and thus providing space free 18 in said downstream part.
  • Piston 4 is made of insulating material.
  • the part intermediate of piston 4 has in its part central a shallow recess at the bottom of which is dug a straight groove along the axis of the downstream part, into which a part slides monobloc conductor.
  • Said piece makes it possible to distinguish a rectangular parallelepipedic conductive plate 8 rectangular and a conductive base 19.
  • Said base 19 which is also rectangular and shaped rectangular has a length less than that of plate 8 and is located in the central area of said plate 8 on its largest axis, perpendicular to it.
  • the one-piece conductive part a T-shaped section and on either side of this length, the section of said one-piece piece becomes that of the plate 8 which is rectangular.
  • the monobloc conductive part is placed in the part intermediate of piston 4 so that the plate 8 occupies the recess and the base 19 is found in the groove.
  • the height of the plate 8 corresponds to the depth of the recess, thus ensuring continuity between the surface of the intermediate part of the piston 4 and that of the plate 8.
  • the height of the base 19 being less than the depth of the groove, the width of the plate 8 being less than the diameter of the downstream part of the hollow body 2 and the plate 8 coming into abutment on either side of its length against the intermediate part of the piston 4, the part monobloc conductor is isolated from the hollow body 2.
  • the different elements involved in the game downstream are arranged so that the flat heads cylindrical 15, 25, 35 from each stud 5, 6, 7 emerge holes of the hollow screws 10, 30, 40, in the space free 18 of the downstream part and come into contact either of the intermediate part of the piston 4 or of the conductive plate 8 which are continuous one of the other.
  • the conductive pads 5, 6, 7 and the conductive plate are protected copper.
  • the free end 9 of the downstream part has a shape converging conical resulting in a narrowing progressive diameter as we approach the exit from said downstream part.
  • the two ends of the piston 4 each have a flat circular face and the length of said piston 4 is lower than that of the downstream part. He is separated of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 through a space free 20 which serves as a gas expansion chamber when the initiation device 3 is triggered.
  • a sensor which is external to contactor 1, detects an abnormal voltage in the circuit, it is say a voltage outside the limits of the range of values for which it was programmed, and sends a electrical impulse to the initiation device pyrotechnic 3 causing its ignition. Gases from combustion expand in the free space 20 provided for this effect just upstream of the piston 4, and when the forces on the piston 4 due to the gas pressure are sufficiently large and exceed the efforts friction-resistant, said piston 4 is brought into movement and will slide in the downstream part of the body hollow 2.
  • the conductive plate 8 is in contact with first two conductive pads 5, 6 at their cylindrical flat heads 15, 25 closing the circuit charge / discharge of the battery.
  • the contactor 1 proposes a transitional phase for which the two circuits are temporarily closed before the opening of the first circuit. So the connection phase between the second pad 6 and the third pad 7 is not preceded by a prior phase of total shutdown and momentary electric current to avoid certain unwanted parasitic phenomena.
  • the heads 15, 25, 35 of the three conductive pads 5, 6, 7 are aligned and permanently in contact with the intermediate part piston 4, i.e. at the level of the conductive plate 8 or at the level of the piston 4 itself. It is to be specified that such a device works in less than five milliseconds since current application time nominal firing.

Landscapes

  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
EP99403071A 1998-12-30 1999-12-08 Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter Expired - Lifetime EP1017078B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816613A FR2788165B1 (fr) 1998-12-30 1998-12-30 Contacteur electrique a fonctionnement pyrotechnique
FR9816613 1998-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1017078A1 true EP1017078A1 (de) 2000-07-05
EP1017078B1 EP1017078B1 (de) 2006-03-08

Family

ID=9534657

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99403071A Expired - Lifetime EP1017078B1 (de) 1998-12-30 1999-12-08 Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6344788B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1017078B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE320078T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69930233T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2260896T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2788165B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2953322A1 (fr) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-03 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Interrupteur electrique formant coupe-circuit a actionnement rapide

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE390702T1 (de) * 2005-09-22 2008-04-15 Delphi Tech Inc Vorrichtung zum trennen eines elektrischen leiters
FR2953324B1 (fr) * 2009-11-27 2012-06-08 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Interrupteur electrique a tiroir coulissant formant coupe-circuit ou commutateur
EP2811549B1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2018-09-19 Autoliv Development AB Auf Überstrom reagierende Vorrichtung
EP2811548B1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2017-08-09 Autoliv Development AB Batteriemodul mit Trennanordnung
DE102014110825A1 (de) * 2014-07-30 2014-09-18 Peter Lell Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme
EP3836182B1 (de) * 2019-12-11 2023-03-08 ABB Schweiz AG Trennschalter mit drei positionen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2999912A (en) * 1957-11-13 1961-09-12 Atlas Powder Co Switch
US4490707A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-12-25 S&C Electric Company Explosively-actuated, multi-gap high voltage switch
WO1997037873A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-16 Kabelkonfektion Gebauer & Griller Gmbh Vorrichtung zur unterbrechung des stromflusses in einem kabel
DE19712387A1 (de) * 1996-04-27 1997-10-30 Dynamit Nobel Ag Pyrotechnisches Schaltelement für elektrische Stromkreise

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3570403A (en) * 1968-11-06 1971-03-16 Ensign Bickford Co Pyrotechnic igniter
FR2159628A5 (de) * 1971-11-05 1973-06-22 France Etat
US3793501A (en) * 1972-12-04 1974-02-19 Ici America Inc Explosive switch
US3885223A (en) 1974-04-11 1975-05-20 Colt Ind Operating Corp Explosively operated multi-circuit band switch including flexiable diaphragm bag contact
US4128745A (en) * 1977-01-04 1978-12-05 Continental-Wirt Electronics Corporation Slide switch with snap-action detent means
US4186288A (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-01-29 Stackpole Components Company Slide switch
FR2438821A1 (fr) * 1978-10-13 1980-05-09 France Etat Dispositif d'allumage a fil chaud de securite
US4339638A (en) * 1980-10-15 1982-07-13 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Electrical switch
US4816626A (en) * 1988-07-13 1989-03-28 Judco Manufacturing Company Slide switch
US5360999A (en) * 1993-02-25 1994-11-01 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Explosively actuated thermal opening switch
ES2135602T3 (es) 1994-02-01 1999-11-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Interruptor de seguridad electrico para vehiculos automoviles.
DE4422177A1 (de) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag Pyrotechnisches Hochstromsicherungselement
DE19503809B4 (de) * 1995-02-06 2005-01-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Sicherungsvorrichtung für eine Stromleitung in Fahrzeugen
JP3367265B2 (ja) * 1995-04-06 2003-01-14 富士電機株式会社 電流遮断装置
DE19606447A1 (de) * 1996-02-21 1997-08-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Stromunterbrecher für eine Batterieleitung von Fahrzeugen
JPH11232979A (ja) * 1998-02-17 1999-08-27 Harness Syst Tech Res Ltd 回路遮断装置
JP3666840B2 (ja) * 1998-02-17 2005-06-29 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 回路遮断装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2999912A (en) * 1957-11-13 1961-09-12 Atlas Powder Co Switch
US4490707A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-12-25 S&C Electric Company Explosively-actuated, multi-gap high voltage switch
WO1997037873A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-16 Kabelkonfektion Gebauer & Griller Gmbh Vorrichtung zur unterbrechung des stromflusses in einem kabel
DE19712387A1 (de) * 1996-04-27 1997-10-30 Dynamit Nobel Ag Pyrotechnisches Schaltelement für elektrische Stromkreise

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2953322A1 (fr) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-03 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Interrupteur electrique formant coupe-circuit a actionnement rapide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2788165A1 (fr) 2000-07-07
FR2788165B1 (fr) 2001-02-02
ES2260896T3 (es) 2006-11-01
ATE320078T1 (de) 2006-03-15
EP1017078B1 (de) 2006-03-08
DE69930233T2 (de) 2006-12-14
DE69930233D1 (de) 2006-05-04
US6344788B1 (en) 2002-02-05

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