Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
  • H01H39/004—Closing switches
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
  • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff

Definitions

• the invention relates to continuous power voltage sources, and in particular electrical equipment intended to ensure the safety of such DC voltage sources.
• DC voltage sources are frequently based on the use of electrochemical accumulators. These voltage sources can for example be used in the field of electric and hybrid transport or embedded systems.
• An electrochemical accumulator usually has a nominal voltage of the following order of magnitude:
• Such batteries are for example used in vehicles for driving an AC electric motor via an inverter. Such batteries also have a high capacity to promote the autonomy of the vehicle in electric mode.
• an electric vehicle uses a storage battery whose nominal voltage is of the order of 400V, with a peak current of 200A and a capacity of 20kWh.
• the electrochemical accumulators used for such vehicles are generally of the lithium ion type for their ability to store a large amount of energy with a weight and volume contained.
• LiFeP04 lithium iron phosphate battery technologies are undergoing significant development due to a high level of intrinsic safety, to the detriment of a lower energy storage density.
• WO2012171917 discloses battery cells comprising electrochemical accumulators, such elements being intended to be connected in series to form a DC voltage source of power.
• Each battery element is provided with a securing device for isolating the battery of this element from other elements, either to ensure continuity of service of the DC voltage source, or to allow maintenance operations on this DC voltage source.
• Each battery element comprises two parallel branches connected between its two terminals. In a first branch, the battery is connected in series with a normally open type MOSFET switch. In a second branch, the two terminals are connected via a normally closed switch. When the element is used, the normally closed switch is kept open and the normally open switch is kept closed. If there is no control due to malfunction or maintenance, the normally closed switch remains closed and the normally open switch remains open, so that the battery voltage is not applied across the element. .
• MOSFET switches and their controls induce a relatively high cost, especially because of the need to add a heat sink.
• these switches are at the origin of energy losses and parasitic heating even when they are open.
• the normally closed switch causes permanent losses during operation of the element (when this switch is open) while the probability of occurrence of a fault is reduced.
• the document FR1 605493 describes a switch for firing missiles.
• the switch is temporarily closed the time of the firing and destroyed, which is not a problem since the missile also ends up being destroyed. Such a switch is unsuitable to ensure a closed state in the absence of control.
• US2721 240 discloses a switch, comprising two electrodes and a conductive element powered by a pyrotechnic charge. During its propulsion, the conductive element is traversed by the electrodes and forms an electrical contact between them. The reliability of such contact is insufficient to ensure the maintenance of a closed state of the switch.
• the invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.
• the invention thus relates to a switch as defined in the appended claims.
• the invention further relates to a DC voltage supply system as defined in the appended claims.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic representations of a first example of a switch according to the invention in two operating configurations
• FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrammatic representations of a second example of a switch according to the invention in two operating configurations
• FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic representations of a third example of a switch according to the invention in two operating configurations
• FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrammatic representations of a fourth example of a switch according to the invention in two operating configurations
• FIG. 9 illustrates a variant of the third example of a switch before activation of its pyrotechnic element
• FIG. 10 illustrates a variant of the fourth example of a switch before activation of its pyrotechnic element
• FIG 1 1 illustrates another variant of the third example of switch before activation of its pyrotechnic element
• FIGS. 12 and 13 are electrical diagrams of an example of a DC power supply including a switch according to the second example, in two operating configurations;
• FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of an example of a continuous power supply including a switch according to the second example
• FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of a variant of a switch according to the second example.
• FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an example of a continuous power supply including a switch according to the third example.
• FIG 17 is an electrical diagram of an example of continuous power supply including several modules connected in series, illustrating a continuity of service in the presence of a malfunction of one of the modules.
• the invention proposes a safety switch for a DC power supply.
• a switch comprises first and second electrically conductive electrodes and an electrically conductive element. Initially, an electrically insulating medium separates these electrodes from each other, and further separates at least the electrically conductive element from the second electrode.
• the switch further comprises a pyrotechnic element including an explosive whose explosion induces the driving of the electrically conductive element to contact with the second electrode and the welding of the conductive element with the second electrode to form a connection electrically conductive solid and durable between first and second electrodes.
• solid and durable means that the electrically conductive connection continues after the explosion. The weld is not destroyed by this same explosion.
• connection between the two electrodes can be closed in a solid, reliable and durable manner, in order to short-circuit an electrical system connected to the terminals of the switch, particularly when safety considerations so require. .
• the latter Due to the energy applied by the explosion on the electrically conductive element, the latter is welded to the second electrode, which makes it possible to ensure electrical contact between the conductive element and the second electrode allowing a transition from current of great intensity between the first and second electrodes with reduced losses.
• the conduction between the first and second electrodes can for example be guaranteed without breaking, even for short-circuit currents of a DC power supply.
• Such a switch therefore proves to be particularly advantageous, in particular for the securing of a DC power supply, although the person skilled in the art generally has a negative a priori regarding the use of pyrotechnic elements in the vicinity of a power supply.
• component considered dangerous for example a DC voltage supply based on electrochemical cells of the lithium ion type.
• the risk associated with the explosion of a pyrotechnic element is well controlled, because of the mass production of such components, in particular for the manufacture of airbags.
• the amount of energy released by an explosion and the guarantee of the explosion are perfectly controlled parameters in pyrotechnic elements.
• Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first example of switch 1 according to the invention.
• the switch 1 is of the normally open type between a first electrode 1 1 and a second electrode 1 2.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 are electrically conductive.
• the electrode 1 1 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 11.
• the electrode 1 2 is for example electrically connected to a connector 1 January 2.
• the connectors January 1 and January 12 advantageously allow to connect the switch 1 in a circuit or at the terminals of an electrical system.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 are here housed in a chamber 16.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 are fixed against an inner wall 1 61 of the chamber 16, to ensure their mechanical retention.
• the switch 1 further comprises an electrically conductive element 15.
• the element 1 5 is housed inside the chamber 1 6.
• the element 1 5 is separated from the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 by means of an electrically insulating medium 162 present in the chamber 1 6.
• the medium 1 62 is for example an inert gas.
• the element 1 5 is kept away from the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the element 1 5 is here held against a wall of the room 1 6 opposed to the wall 1 61.
• the electrically insulating medium 162 also separates the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 to electrically isolate them inside the chamber 1 6.
• the inner surface of the chamber 1 6 is electrically insulating to ensure the electrical insulation between the electrode 1 1, the electrode 1 2 and the conductive element 1 5.
• the switch 1 thus has a configuration of normally open type between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2, illustrated in Figure 1.
• the switch 1 here only presents the electrodes 1 1 and 12, isolated from the conducting element 1 5 in its opening configuration.
• the element 1 5 has a portion plumb with the first electrode 1 1, and a portion plumb with the second electrode 1 2.
• the switch 1 further comprises a pyrotechnic element 17.
• the pyrotechnic element 1 7 includes an explosive 1 71 attached to the conductive element 1 5, and a detonator 1 72 configured to initiate the explosion of the explosive 1 71.
• the explosion of the explosive 1 71 may be controlled by any appropriate means, for example by the application of an electrical signal on the detonator 1 72 via a control circuit 9 or by a global warming of explosive 1 71.
• the explosive 1 71 is configured so that the gases generated by its explosion propel the element 1 5 through the chamber 16 to the electrodes 1 1 and 12. During the explosion, the gases generated by the explosive 1 71 apply a pressure on the element 1 5 to detach it from the chamber 1 6, to propel the element 15 in contact with both the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 1 2, and to heat this element 1 5. L element 1 5 is propelled with sufficient energy to be welded to the electrode 1 1 on the one hand and the electrode 12 on the other hand, according to the configuration illustrated in Figure 2, solid and durable. The heating of the element 1 5 by the gases generated by the explosion also facilitates the welding between the element 1 5 and the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2. The conduction between the electrodes 1 1 and 12 is then ensured by the intermediate element 1 5 and through the welds of this element 15 to the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the switch 1 then has a reliable and durable closed configuration between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 and the element 1 5 advantageously comprise metallic materials.
• the metallic material of the element 1 5 comes into contact with the metallic materials of the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 to form welds during the explosion of the explosive 1 71.
• brazing While brazing consists in assembling two parts with an addition of intermediate material between these two parts, a weld secures the element 1 5 directly with each electrode 1 1 and 1 2 by fusion between their own materials, at the interface between these materials.
• the weld is here made in a solid and durable manner, so that a brief melting occurs at the interface between the element 1 5 and each electrode January 1 and January 2.
• This solder interface a very long brief, results in a return to the almost immediate solid state of surfaces in contact during welding. Such a return to the solid state avoids a rebound phenomenon.
• the element 1 5 is driven by the explosion in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface of each electrode contact surface to which it must be welded. This maximizes the quality of the weld between the element 1 5 and each electrode, which also promotes a lack of rebound.
• the contact surfaces of the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 are substantially flat.
• Direct pressure of the gases of the explosion on the element 1 5 promotes the heating thereof (and therefore a weld at the interface when in contact with the electrode 1 2), its deformation in contact with the electrode 1 2 and its propulsion at a supersonic speed.
• Such propulsion also promotes welding between two different metals, for example when copper is used to form the element 1 5 and aluminum is used to form the electrode 1 2 (or vice versa).
• Such direct pressure of the gas also reduces the amount of material to move and thus allows the use of a smaller amount of explosive material.
• a fast explosive explosive can propel the element 1 5 at a speed of the order of 7500m / s
• a slow-explosive explosive can propel the element 1 5 at a speed typically between 1500 and 2000m / s.
• Such a type of weld is particularly detailed in patent US3590877 for repairing heat exchanger tubes.
• Patent EP0381 880 also provides rules for dimensioning an amount of explosive to be used as a function of the mass of the element to be spray-welded, in particular for a nitroguanidine-based explosive.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a second example of switch 1 according to the invention.
• the switch 1 is also of the type normally open between a first electrode 1 1 and a second electrode 1 2.
• the switch 1 of this second example incorporates the characteristics of the switch of the first example and does not differ in its opening configuration. that in that the element 1 5 is electrically connected to the electrode 1 1 and is mechanically fixed to the electrode January 1.
• the electrode 1 1 and the element 15 are advantageously formed in one piece.
• the switch 1 is illustrated in its normally open connection configuration between the electrodes 11 and 12.
• the explosive 171 is configured so that the gases generated by its explosion propel an end of the element 1 5 through the chamber 1 6 to the electrode 12. This end is initially plumb with the electrode 1 2. During the explosion, the gases generated by the explosive 1 71 apply a pressure on this end of the element 1 5 to propel it in contact with the electrode 12 and to heat this element 1 5. The element 1 5 is propelled with sufficient energy to be welded to the electrode 1 2, according to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 4. The heating of the element 15 by the gases generated by the explosion also facilitates the welding between the element 1 5 and the electrode 1 2. The conduction between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 is then provided via the element
• the element 15 can also increase its bonding surface with the electrode 1 1 and form welds with this electrode 1 1 during the explosion of the explosive 1 71.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a third example of switch 1 according to the invention.
• the switch 1 is here an inverter:
• the switch 1 has a normally open switch function between a first electrode 1 1 and a second electrode 12;
• the switch 1 has a normally closed switch function between the first electrode 1 1 and a third electrode 1 3.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 are electrically conductive.
• the electrode 1 1 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 11.
• the electrode 12 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 12 2.
• the electrode 13 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 1 3.
• the electrodes 1 1 to 1 3 are here housed in a chamber 1 6.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 are fixed against an inner wall 1 61 of the chamber 16, to ensure their mechanical retention.
• the electrode 1 3 is fixed against an inner wall of the chamber 1 6, opposite the wall 1 61.
• the switch 1 further comprises an electrically conductive element 1 5.
• the element 1 5 is housed inside the chamber 1 6.
• the element 15 is separated from the electrode 1 2 via a electrically insulating medium 1 62 present in the chamber
• the element 15 is kept away from the electrode 1 2.
• the element 1 5 is here held against the wall of the chamber 1 6 opposite the wall 1 61.
• the electrically insulating medium 1 62 also separates the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 to electrically isolate them inside the chamber 1 6.
• the inner surface of the chamber 1 6 is electrically insulating to ensure the electrical insulation between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 1 2, between the electrode 1 3 and the electrode 1 2, and between the conducting element 1 5 and the electrode 1 2.
• the switch 1 thus has a configuration of normally open type between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2, illustrated in Figure 5.
• the element 1 5 is electrically connected to the electrode 1 1 and is mechanically fixed to the electrode January 1. To promote electrical contact between the element 15 and the electrode 1 1 and the mechanical strength of their connection, the electrode 1 1 and the element 1 5 are advantageously formed in one piece.
• the element 1 5 is further electrically connected to the electrode 1 3 and is mechanically fixed to this electrode 1 3.
• the switch 1 thus has a normally closed type configuration between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 3, illustrated in FIG. figure 5.
• the element 1 5 has an end plumb with the electrode 1 2.
• the switch 1 further comprises a pyrotechnic element 17.
• the pyrotechnic element 17 includes an explosive 1 71 attached to the conductive element 1 5, and a detonator 1772 configured to initiate the explosion of the explosive 1 71.
• the explosion of the explosive 171 may be controlled by any appropriate means, for example by the application of an electrical signal on the detonator 1 72 via a control circuit 9.
• the explosive 1 71 is configured so that the gases generated by its explosion break the connection between an end of the element 1 5 and the electrode 1 3. Therefore, the connection between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 1 3 is open. The connection between the electrodes 12 and 1 3 also remains open. The gases generated by the explosion of the explosive 1 71 further propel this end of the element 1 5 through the chamber 1 6 to the electrode 1 2. During the explosion, the gases generated by the explosive 1 71 apply a pressure on this end of the element 1 5 to propel it in contact with the electrode 1 2 and to heat this element 1 5. The element 1 5 is propelled with sufficient energy to weld to the electrode 12, according to the configuration illustrated in Figure 6. The heating of the element 1 5 by the gases generated by the explosion also facilitates the welding between the element 1 5 and the electrode 1 2.
• the conduction between the 1 1 and 1 2 electrodes is then provided via the element 1 5, its connection to the electrode 1 1 and through its welds with the electrode 12.
• the element 1 5 can also increase its connection surface with the electrode 1 1 and form welds with this electr ode 1 1 when the explosive explodes 1 71.
• FIG 7 is a schematic sectional view of a fourth example of switch 1 according to the invention.
• the switch 1 is of the normally open type between a first electrode 1 1 and a second electrode 1 2 and of the normally closed type between a third electrode 1 3 and a fourth electrode 14.
• the electrodes 1 1, 1 2, 1 3 and 14 are electrically conductive.
• the electrode 1 1 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 11.
• the electrode 12 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 12 2.
• the electrode 13 is for example electrically connected to a connector 1 January 3.
• the electrode 14 is for example electrically connected to a connector January 14.
• the electrodes 1 1 to 14 are housed in a chamber 16.
• the electrodes 1 1 to 14 are housed in a chamber 16.
• the electrodes 1 3 and 14 are fixed against an inner wall of the chamber 1 6, to ensure their mechanical maintenance, this wall being opposite the wall 1 61.
• the switch 1 further comprises an electrically conductive element
• the element 1 5 is housed inside the chamber 1 6.
• the element 15 is separated from the electrodes 1 1 and 12 via an electrically insulating medium 1 62 present in the chamber 1 6.
• the element 1 5 is kept spaced from the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the element 1 5 is here fixed to the electrodes 1 3 and 14 and electrically connects the electrodes 1 3 and 14.
• the switch 1 thus presents a normally closed type configuration between the electrodes 1 3 and 14, illustrated in FIG. 7.
• the electrically insulating medium 1 62 also separates the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 to electrically isolate them inside the chamber 1 6.
• the insulating medium 1 62 also separates the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 from the electrodes 1 3 and 14.
• the inner surface of the chamber 1 6 is electrically insulating to ensure the electrical insulation between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 12 of each other, and the conductive element 1 5, the electrode 1 3 and the electrode 14.
• the switch 1 thus has a configuration of normally open type between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2, illustrated in Figure 7.
• the element 1 5 has a portion plumb with the first electrode 1 1, and a portion plumb with the second electrode 12.
• the switch 1 further comprises a pyrotechnic element 17.
• the pyrotechnic element 1 7 includes an explosive 1 71 attached to the conductive element 1 5, and a detonator 1 72 configured to initiate the explosion of the explosive 1 71.
• the explosion of the explosive 1 71 can be controlled by any appropriate means, for example by the application of an electrical signal on the detonator 1 72 via a control circuit 9.
• the explosive 1 71 is configured so that the gases generated by its explosion detach the element 1 5 of the electrodes 1 3 and 14, and propel the element 15 through the chamber 1 6 to the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the gases generated by the explosive 1 71 apply a pressure on the element 1 5 to detach it from the electrodes 1 3 and 14, to propel the element 1 5 in contact with both the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 1 2, and to heat this element 15.
• the element 15 is propelled with sufficient energy to be welded to the electrode 1 1 on the one hand and to the electrode 12 on the other hand, according to the configuration illustrated in Figure 8.
• the heating of the element 1 5 by the gases generated by the explosion also facilitates the welding between the element 1 5 and the electrodes 1 1 and 12.
• the conduction between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2 is then provided through the element 1 5 and through the welds of this element 15 to the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the switch 1 then has a reliable and durable closed configuration between the electrodes 1 1 and 1 2.
• the switch 1 then has an open configuration between the electrodes 1 3 and 14 (then separated by the medium 1 62), between the electrodes 1 1 and 13, between the electrodes 1 1 and 14, between the electrodes 1 2 and 13 and between the electrodes 1 2 and 14.
• Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view of a variant of the third example of switch 1 before the explosion of the explosive 1 71. To facilitate the break between the element 1 5 and the electrode 1 3 during the explosion:
• the element 15 and the electrode 13 are connected by an electrically conductive junction
• the element 15, the electrode 13 and the junction 151 are formed in one piece;
• the cross section of the junction 151 is smaller than the cross-section of the electrode 1 3 and the cross-section of the element 15.
• the breaking force of the link 1 51 is less than the mechanical strength of the attachment between the electrode 1 3 and the chamber 1 6.
• the element 1 5 and the electrode 1 1 are connected by a junction 1 52 electrically conductive;
• the element 15, the electrode 1 1 and the junction 1 52 are formed in one piece;
• the cross section of the junction 152 is smaller than the cross section of the electrode 1 1 and the cross section of the element 1 5.
• Figure 1 0 is a schematic sectional view of a variant of the fourth example of switch 1 before the explosion of the explosive 1 71.
• the element 15 and the electrode 13 are connected by an electrically conductive junction
• the breaking force of the link 151 is less than the mechanical strength of the attachment between the electrode 13 and the chamber 16.
• the element 15 and the electrode 14 are connected by an electrically conductive junction 153;
• the element 15, the electrode 14 and the junction 153 are formed in one piece;
• the cross section of the junction 153 is smaller than the cross section of the electrode 14 and the cross section of the element 15. In order to guarantee the breaking of the electrical contact between the element 15 and the electrode 14 during the explosion, the breaking force of the link 153 is less than the mechanical strength of the attachment between the electrode 14 and the chamber 16.
• Figure 1 1 is a schematic sectional view of another variant of the third example of switch 1 according to the invention.
• the electrode 1 1 is formed by the end of a wire rope.
• the electrode 13 is also formed by the end of a wire rope. The ends of these wire ropes are aligned.
• the element 15 is fixed on the one hand to the electrode 1 1 and on the other hand to the electrode 13.
• the element 15 electrically connects electrode 1 1 and electrode 13.
• a cavity is formed inside of the element 15.
• the cavity contains the explosive 171.
• the section of the cavity is advantageously greater at the junction between the element 15 and the electrode 13, with respect to the section of the cavity at the junction between the element 15 and the electrode January 1.
• the electrode 12 includes an electrically conductive sleeve surrounding the element 15.
• the sleeve of the electrode 12 is separated from the element 15 by an annular space.
• the annular space also forms a separation between the electrodes 1 1 and 13.
• the electrodes 1 1 and 13 are advantageously fixed inside insulating pads 18.
• the insulating pads 18 electrically isolate the electrodes 1 1 and 13 with respect to the electrode 12.
• metallic copper cables may have a section of 70mm 2 .
• the element 15 may be dimensioned to guarantee an equivalent weld surface with the sleeve of the electrode 12.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 are electrical diagrams of an application of the second example of a switch according to the invention, in different modes of operation.
• a DC power supply system 3 has first and second output terminals 31 and 32.
• a switch 41 according to the first example has its electrode 1 1 connected to the first terminal 31 and its electrode 12 connected to the second terminal 32.
• the power supply 3 furthermore includes a source of DC voltage of power 2, in this case an electrochemical accumulator battery.
• the source 2 has first and second poles 21 and 22.
• the first pole 21 is connected to the first electrode 1 1 and the first terminal 31 via a switch 42.
• the system feed 3 comprises two branches in parallel:
• the switch 41 is of the normally open type.
• the switch 42 may be selectively open or closed via a control circuit not shown.
• FIG. 14 is an electrical diagram of an application of the second example of switch the invention, in a normal operating mode. With respect to the supply system of FIG. 12, the switch 42 is replaced by a fuse 43. Thus, between the terminals 31 and 32, the supply system 3 comprises two branches in parallel:
• the switch 41 is of the normally open type, during normal operation, the voltage between the poles 21 and 22 of the source 2 is applied between the terminals 31 and 32.
• the closing of the switch 41 is controlled by an explosion of the explosive 171 and the fuse 43 merges to open the connection between the pole 21 and the terminal 31 .
• FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of a switch variant 41 according to the second example.
• a heating of the fuse 43 automatically makes it possible to close the switch 41.
• a thermal bridge is formed between the fuse 43 and the explosive 171 so that the fuse 43 forms a detonator of the explosive 171 during its heating.
• a thermal bridge between the fuse 43 and the explosive 171 can for example be achieved by placing the fuse 43 in contact with a thermally conductive housing and containing the explosive 171.
• the fuse 43 eventually opens to isolate the pole 21 of the terminal 31.
• the fuse 43 is advantageously sized as follows. By designating by Iccmax the maximum short-circuit current delivered by the DC voltage source 2, the fuse 43 is sized to remain closed when this current Iccax passes through it for a period of time sufficient for its heating to initiate the explosion. the explosive 171.
• FIG. 16 is an electrical diagram of an application of the third example of a switch according to the invention.
• the pole 21 of the DC voltage source 2 is connected to the third electrode 13 of the switch 1.
• the terminal 31 of the system 3 is connected to the first electrode 1 1 of the switch 1.
• the second electrode 12 is connected to the pole 22 and the terminal 32.
• the conduction between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 13 is of the normally closed type and the connection between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 12 is of the normally open type.
• the potential difference between the poles 21 and 22 is applied between the terminals 31 and 32.
• the explosive 171 opens the connection between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 13 and closes the connection between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 12.
• the pole 21 is disconnected from the terminal 31 and a short circuit is formed between the terminals 31 and 32.
• This variant makes it possible to avoid conduction losses a semiconductor switch between the electrodes 1 1 and 13 in normal operation.
• a power system 31 is shown in FIG. 17.
• This system 31 comprises several systems 3 detailed with reference to FIG. 16 connected in series. These systems 3 comprise respectively direct voltage sources 201, 202 and 203. Due to a malfunction at the source 201, the connection between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 13 of the switch 1 is open and the connection between the electrode 1 1 and the electrode 12 of this switch 1 is closed. The terminals 31 and 32 are therefore short-circuited. In the absence of malfunction at sources 202 and 203, their system 3 remains in normal operating mode. Due to the quality of the conduction through the switch 1, a high intensity current can pass through this switch. Therefore, the sources 202 and 203 may continue to charge current. The system 31 thus allows continuity of service, particularly useful when the system 31 supplies a motor vehicle.

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• 2013
  • 2013-09-13 FR FR1358869A patent/FR3010827A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2014
  • 2014-09-10 WO PCT/EP2014/069329 patent/WO2015036455A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-09-10 JP JP2016541927A patent/JP6474817B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-09-10 US US15/021,194 patent/US10546705B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-09-10 EP EP14766682.0A patent/EP3044803B1/de active Active

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