EP1017078B1 - Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter - Google Patents

Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1017078B1
EP1017078B1 EP99403071A EP99403071A EP1017078B1 EP 1017078 B1 EP1017078 B1 EP 1017078B1 EP 99403071 A EP99403071 A EP 99403071A EP 99403071 A EP99403071 A EP 99403071A EP 1017078 B1 EP1017078 B1 EP 1017078B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
electrical
contactor according
electrical contact
hollow body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99403071A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1017078A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Forys
Bernard Lallemant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pyroalliance SA
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Pyroalliance SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyroalliance SA filed Critical Pyroalliance SA
Publication of EP1017078A1 publication Critical patent/EP1017078A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1017078B1 publication Critical patent/EP1017078B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of electrical contactors, especially those used in electric motors with batteries and used to propel automobiles or space vehicles such as satellites.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to an electric contactor with pyrotechnic operation allowing, in case of anomaly, to open the electrical circuit upstream of the defective battery element and to close a branch circuit, so as to isolate the defective battery element while ensuring the continuity of the electrical circuit.
  • This type of contactor intervenes to prevent an electric motor from systematically failing in case of malfunction of one of its battery elements.
  • a first type of contactor is described in US Pat. No. 3,885,223. It is a pyrotechnic electric switch having in one of its chambers a flat section tube. When this contactor has not yet operated, it closes a circuit via the outer surface of the tube casing, at the two points farthest from the flattened closed section. In the operating phase, the combustion gases invade the tube and generate a pressure such that the tube will deform and acquire a circular section.
  • the electric contactor described in the European patent EP 0 665 566 is also pyrotechnic operation. It involves a gas generator whose function is to move a conductive part in contact with another conductive part to separate them to interrupt the electric current.
  • Electrical contactors which may fall within the scope of electric motors with batteries and which have the dual function of opening an electrical circuit and closing another almost simultaneously, must have two characteristics sought by the a person skilled in the art: they must, on the one hand, act in an extremely short time and, on the other hand, be non-dissipative, that is to say that the resistance of the active circuit and particularly, the resistance of the contacts must be reduced at least to avoid, as much as possible, energy dissipation by Joule effect, while the resistance of the inactivated circuit is infinite.
  • DE 197 12 387 shows a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention relates to an electric contactor according to claim 1.
  • the hollow body is an elongate tube.
  • the electrical contact points are located in the side wall of the downstream part of the tube.
  • the electrical contact points are constituted by conductive pads.
  • the three studs are fixed, aligned and regularly spaced, and the piston is translated in the downstream part when it is subjected to the pressure of the combustion gases from the pyrotechnic initiation device.
  • the conductive part of the piston is constituted by a wafer remaining constantly in contact with at least two studs during its displacement and which, at a given instant of said displacement, is momentarily connected to the three studs.
  • the opening of the first circuit takes place while the electric current is already flowing in the second circuit to avoid, during a brief delay, simultaneous opening of both electrical circuits.
  • the downstream portion of the tube has a conical free end allowing the piston set in motion by the combustion gases to terminate its stroke by hooping in said conical end. In this way, the piston remains frozen in this position without risk of return to the downstream part.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device is screwed into the upstream portion of the elongate tube.
  • each conductive pad is inserted into an insulating structure attached to the wall of the downstream part of the tube.
  • each conductive pad is inserted into an insulating hollow screw screwed into the wall of the downstream part of the elongated tube.
  • each pad and the plate are made of copper-based material.
  • the hollow body is made of light alloy based on aluminum.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device is constructed from a hot-wire initiator of the type used in the major automobile series.
  • the pyrotechnic charge of said initiator is constituted by an oxyreducing ignition composition.
  • the contactor according to the invention has the advantage of being light, of simple design and reduced size.
  • the parts involved in the operation of the contactor mechanism are subjected to moderate friction forces. Also, their movement requires only a small amount of pyrotechnic material at the initiator, and their mechanical strength can be ensured by a realization of light material.
  • the contactor when it is in the switching phase, constantly ensures the flow of electric current in one or the other of the two electrical circuits thus avoiding a total and momentary cut that could cause unwanted parasitic phenomena with consequences unpredictable on the circuit.
  • Another advantage provided by the invention is the non-dissipative nature of the contactor resulting in the absence of energy dissipation Joule effect.
  • the enlarged cylindrical portion 11 has a threaded bore and has at one of its ends a circular face 12 having an opening in its center.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 is in the form of a screw having an enlarged hexagonal head 13 and a threaded cylindrical body and is constructed from a hot-wire initiator commonly used in the large automobile series and comprising a pyrotechnic charge generator. gases such as those consisting, for example, of an oxidation-reducing ignition composition.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 is screwed until the head 13 comes into abutment against the circular face 12.
  • a circular seal wedged between the body of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 and the inner wall of the upstream part of the body hollow 2 ensures a good seal of said upstream portion 11 with respect to the ambient environment.
  • the substantially cylindrical downstream portion has a projecting rectangular flat portion 14, acting as a platform and having three identical threads, aligned along the axis of the hollow body 2 and regularly spaced, said threads communicating the downstream portion of the hollow body 2 with the outside of the contactor 1.
  • Three hollow screws 10, 30, 40 insulating, and threaded on their outer cylindrical surface are screwed into the threads and are intended to receive and hold firmly cylindrical conductive studs 5, 6, 7 each terminating in an enlarged cylindrical flat head 15 , 25, 35 of greater diameter than the diameter of the bores of said hollow screws 10, 30, 40.
  • the downstream part of the hollow body 2 which delimits a substantially cylindrical space, encloses a piston 4 monoblock comprising two cylindrical end portions of diameter slightly less than that of said cylindrical space and one of which, the closest to the pyrotechnic initiation device 3, has at its periphery and wedged against the inner wall of the downstream portion of the hollow body 2 two parallel seals, 16, 17, and an intermediate portion of regular section, reduced in the form of a circle segment, partially occupying the downstream part and thus providing a free space 18 in said downstream part.
  • the piston 4 is made of insulating material.
  • the intermediate portion of the piston 4 has in its central portion a surface recess at the bottom of which is hollowed a rectilinear groove along the axis of the downstream portion, in which is slid a conductive piece integral. Said part makes it possible to distinguish a parallelepipedic conducting plate 8 of rectangular shape and a conductive base 19. Said base 19 which is also parallelepipedic and of rectangular shape has a length less than that of the plate 8 and is located in the central zone of said plate 8 on its largest axis, perpendicular to it.
  • the one-piece conductive part has a T-shaped section and, on either side of this length, the section of said single piece becomes that of the wafer 8 which is rectangular.
  • the one-piece conductive part is placed in the intermediate portion of the piston 4 so that the plate 8 occupies the recess and the base 19 is found in the groove.
  • the height of the plate 8 corresponds to the depth of the recess, thus ensuring continuity between the surface of the intermediate portion of the piston 4 and that of the wafer 8.
  • the height of the base 19 is less than the depth of the groove, the width of the wafer 8 being smaller than the diameter of the downstream portion of the hollow body 2 and the wafer 8 abuts on the other hand and other than its length against the intermediate portion of the piston 4, the one-piece conductive part is isolated from the hollow body 2.
  • the conductive pads 5, 6, 7 and the conductive plate are protected copper.
  • the free end 9 of the downstream part has a convergent conical shape resulting in a gradual narrowing of the diameter as it approaches the outlet of said downstream part.
  • the two ends of the piston 4 each comprise a flat circular face and the length of said piston 4 is less than that of the downstream part. It is separated from the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 by a free space 20 which serves as a gas expansion chamber when the initiation device 3 is triggered.
  • the operating principle of the contactor 1 according to the invention follows the following steps.
  • a sensor which is external to the contactor 1, detects an abnormal voltage in the circuit, ie a voltage outside the limits of the range of values for which it has been programmed, and sends an electrical pulse to the device.
  • pyrotechnic initiation 3 causing it to be fired.
  • the gases of combustion expands in the free space 20 provided for this purpose just upstream of the piston 4, and when the forces on the piston 4 due to the gas pressure are sufficiently large and exceed the resistant friction forces, said piston 4 is set in movement and will slide in the downstream portion of the hollow body 2.
  • the conductive plate 8 is in contact with the first two conductive pads 5, 6 at their cylindrical flat heads 15 , Closing the charging / discharging circuit of the battery.
  • the conductive plate 8 comes, in a first step, in contact with the flat cylindrical head 35 of the third stud 7 while said plate 8 is still in contact with the first 5, then, in a second step, continues its course by maintaining the contact between the second stud 6 and the third stud 7 but disconnecting from the first stud 5.
  • the piston 4 ends its displacement by hooping in the conical end 9 of the downstream part without emerging from it, in a position corresponding to the disconnection of the first stud 5 and the connection of the second stud 6 with the third stud 7.
  • the contactor 1 proposes a transient phase for which the two circuits are momentarily closed before the opening of the first circuit.
  • the connection phase between the second pad 6 and the third pad 7 is not preceded by a prior phase of total and momentary interruption of the electric current to avoid unwanted parasitic phenomena.
  • the heads 15, 25, 35 of the three conductive pads 5, 6, 7 are aligned. and permanently in contact with the intermediate portion of the piston 4, either at the level of the conductive plate 8 or at the level of the piston 4 itself. It should be noted that such a device operates in less than five milliseconds since the application time of the nominal firing current.

Landscapes

  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Elektrischer Schaltschütz, der aus einem Hohlkörper (2) besteht, der einen vorderen Bereich, in dem sich eine pyrotechnische Zündvorrichtung (3) befindet, und einen hinteren Bereich begrenzt, in dem sich ein Kolben (4) befindet, und der drei elektrische Kontaktpunkte (5, 6, 7) aufweist, wobei der Kolben (4) einen leitenden Bereich (8) aufweist, der ursprünglich den ersten elektrischen Kontaktpunkt (5) mit dem zweiten elektrischen Kontaktpunkt (6) verbindet und sich unter der Wirkung des von den aus der Verbrennung der pyrotechnischen Zündvorrichtung (3) stammenden Gase erzeugten Drucks verschieben kann, um den zweiten elektrischen Kontaktpunkt (6) mit dem dritten elektrischen Kontaktpunkt (7) zu verbinden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der leitende Bereich (8) des Kolbens (4) während seiner Verschiebung konstant mit mindestens zwei elektrischen Kontaktpunkten in Kontakt bleibt und zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt der Verschiebung kurzzeitig mit den drei elektrischen Kontaktpunkten (5, 6, 7) verbunden ist.
  2. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (2) ein längliches Rohr ist.
  3. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Kontaktpunkte (5, 6, 7) sich in der Seitenwand des hinteren Bereichs des Rohrs befinden.
  4. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Kontaktpunkte (5, 6, 7) aus leitenden Kontaktplättchen bestehen.
  5. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der leitende Bereich (8) des Kolbens (4) aus einer Platte bestsht.
  6. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Bereich des Hohlkörpers (2) ein kegelförmiges freies Ende (9) aufweist, das es dem durch die Verbrennungsgase in Bewegung versetzten Kolben (4) ermöglicht, seinen Hub durch Reibung in dem kegelförmigen Ende (9) zu beenden.
  7. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes leitende Kontaktplättchen (5, 6, 7) in eine isolierende Struktur (10, 30, 40) eingefügt ist, die in die Wand des hinteren Bereichs des Hohlkörpers (2) eingesetzt ist.
  8. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes leitende Kontaktplättchen (5, 6, 7) sowie die Platte aus einem Material auf der Basis von Kupfer bestehen.
  9. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (2) aus einer Leitchtiegierung auf der Basis von Aluminium besteht.
  10. Elektrischer Schaltschütz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die pyrotechnische Zündvorrichtung (3) ausgehend von einem Heißdrahtzünder von der Art aufgebaut ist, wie sie in der Serienherstellung von Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet werden.
EP99403071A 1998-12-30 1999-12-08 Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter Expired - Lifetime EP1017078B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816613A FR2788165B1 (fr) 1998-12-30 1998-12-30 Contacteur electrique a fonctionnement pyrotechnique
FR9816613 1998-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1017078A1 EP1017078A1 (de) 2000-07-05
EP1017078B1 true EP1017078B1 (de) 2006-03-08

Family

ID=9534657

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99403071A Expired - Lifetime EP1017078B1 (de) 1998-12-30 1999-12-08 Pyrotechnisch angetriebener elektrischer Schalter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6344788B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1017078B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE320078T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69930233T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2260896T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2788165B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE390702T1 (de) * 2005-09-22 2008-04-15 Delphi Tech Inc Vorrichtung zum trennen eines elektrischen leiters
FR2953324B1 (fr) * 2009-11-27 2012-06-08 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Interrupteur electrique a tiroir coulissant formant coupe-circuit ou commutateur
FR2953322B1 (fr) * 2009-11-27 2013-02-15 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Interrupteur electrique formant coupe-circuit a actionnement rapide
EP2811549B1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2018-09-19 Autoliv Development AB Auf Überstrom reagierende Vorrichtung
EP2811548B1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2017-08-09 Autoliv Development AB Batteriemodul mit Trennanordnung
DE102014110825A1 (de) * 2014-07-30 2014-09-18 Peter Lell Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme
EP3836182B1 (de) * 2019-12-11 2023-03-08 ABB Schweiz AG Trennschalter mit drei positionen

Family Cites Families (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2999912A (en) * 1957-11-13 1961-09-12 Atlas Powder Co Switch
US3570403A (en) * 1968-11-06 1971-03-16 Ensign Bickford Co Pyrotechnic igniter
FR2159628A5 (de) * 1971-11-05 1973-06-22 France Etat
US3793501A (en) * 1972-12-04 1974-02-19 Ici America Inc Explosive switch
US3885223A (en) 1974-04-11 1975-05-20 Colt Ind Operating Corp Explosively operated multi-circuit band switch including flexiable diaphragm bag contact
US4128745A (en) * 1977-01-04 1978-12-05 Continental-Wirt Electronics Corporation Slide switch with snap-action detent means
US4186288A (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-01-29 Stackpole Components Company Slide switch
FR2438821A1 (fr) * 1978-10-13 1980-05-09 France Etat Dispositif d'allumage a fil chaud de securite
US4490707A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-12-25 S&C Electric Company Explosively-actuated, multi-gap high voltage switch
US4339638A (en) * 1980-10-15 1982-07-13 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Electrical switch
US4816626A (en) * 1988-07-13 1989-03-28 Judco Manufacturing Company Slide switch
US5360999A (en) * 1993-02-25 1994-11-01 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Explosively actuated thermal opening switch
ES2135602T3 (es) 1994-02-01 1999-11-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Interruptor de seguridad electrico para vehiculos automoviles.
DE4422177A1 (de) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag Pyrotechnisches Hochstromsicherungselement
DE19503809B4 (de) * 1995-02-06 2005-01-20 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Sicherungsvorrichtung für eine Stromleitung in Fahrzeugen
JP3367265B2 (ja) * 1995-04-06 2003-01-14 富士電機株式会社 電流遮断装置
DE19606447A1 (de) * 1996-02-21 1997-08-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Stromunterbrecher für eine Batterieleitung von Fahrzeugen
AU2086397A (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-29 Kabelkonfektion Gebauer & Griller Gmbh Device for interrupting the flow of current in a cable
DE19712387B4 (de) * 1996-04-27 2005-12-08 Delphi Technologies, Inc., Troy Pyrotechnisches Schaltelement für elektrische Stromkreise
JPH11232979A (ja) * 1998-02-17 1999-08-27 Harness Syst Tech Res Ltd 回路遮断装置
JP3666840B2 (ja) * 1998-02-17 2005-06-29 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 回路遮断装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2788165A1 (fr) 2000-07-07
FR2788165B1 (fr) 2001-02-02
EP1017078A1 (de) 2000-07-05
ES2260896T3 (es) 2006-11-01
ATE320078T1 (de) 2006-03-15
DE69930233T2 (de) 2006-12-14
DE69930233D1 (de) 2006-05-04
US6344788B1 (en) 2002-02-05

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