EP3459100B1 - Schaltervorrichtung zur verbindung mit einem elektrischen stromkreis - Google Patents

Schaltervorrichtung zur verbindung mit einem elektrischen stromkreis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3459100B1
EP3459100B1 EP17731196.6A EP17731196A EP3459100B1 EP 3459100 B1 EP3459100 B1 EP 3459100B1 EP 17731196 A EP17731196 A EP 17731196A EP 3459100 B1 EP3459100 B1 EP 3459100B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductive portion
chamber
initiator
electrical
cut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17731196.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3459100A1 (de
Inventor
Gilles GONTHIER
Frédéric MARLIN
Jean-François De Palma
Rémy OUAIDA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
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ArianeGroup SAS
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Publication of EP3459100A1 publication Critical patent/EP3459100A1/de
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Publication of EP3459100B1 publication Critical patent/EP3459100B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H2085/0555—Input terminal connected to a plurality of output terminals, e.g. multielectrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0039—Means for influencing the rupture process of the fusible element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for interrupting the current flowing in an electrical circuit and to a secure electrical system comprising such a device.
  • the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a cut-off device according to claim 1
  • the pyrotechnic initiator When activated, the pyrotechnic initiator is configured to produce pressurizing gas to pressurize the pressurizing chamber.
  • the pressurizing gas exerts pressure on the movable cut-off element in order to set it in motion.
  • the movable cut-off element thus set in motion is configured to passing the device into the second configuration in which the conductive portion is disconnected, that is to say in a configuration in which the circulation of an electric current in the conductive portion is interrupted.
  • the electric current flowing in the electric circuit is cut.
  • the invention provides a cut-off device enabling rapid reliable electrical cut-off in a circuit in the event of an overcurrent of the electric current and thus preventing damage to an electric device supplied by said circuit. More precisely, during normal operation of the system, the fuse element is on, the voltage across the terminals of the relatively low fuse element and the current passing through the ignition device of the pyrotechnic initiator is sufficiently low so as not to activate the latter. On the other hand, when the intensity of the current passing through the fusible element exceeds the predetermined value, the fusible element is triggered, that is to say that its resistance increases so as to initiate the disconnection of the conductive portion.
  • the voltage at the terminals of the fuse element increases when it trips and therefore the intensity in the ignition device increases, thus enabling the pyrotechnic initiator to be actuated and the device to be switched from the first to the second configuration. in order to permanently cut off the flow of current in the circuit.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that a compact and integrated breaking solution is proposed insofar as the fusible element making it possible to trigger the initiator is present inside the breaking device and not at the outside of the latter.
  • the invention thus advantageously makes it possible to simplify the existing breaking systems by proposing an autonomous breaking device directly integrating the element which will trigger the breaking, in this case the fusible element.
  • At least one resistor or one diode may be present in series on the line connecting the ignition device of the initiator to one of the terminals of the fuse element.
  • Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to avoid any risk of degradation of the ignition device by the current flowing in the latter.
  • the fusible element can be attached to the conductive portion.
  • the fusible element constitutes a separate element from the conductive portion which has been connected in series to the latter, for example by welding.
  • the pressurization chamber constitutes a first chamber of the cut-off device, at least part of the conductive portion being present in a second chamber present in the body, the movable cut-off element separating the first chamber from the second chamber and having at least one relief formed from an electrically insulating material, said at least one relief facing the conductive portion, the movable cut-off element being set in motion towards the conductive portion in order to break it by impact with the relief when switching from the first to the second configuration.
  • the conductive portion is disconnected by breaking it by impact with the relief when the device passes from the first to the second configuration.
  • the patent also describes the case where the conductive portion has a first electrically conductive element and a second electrically conductive element and the movable breaking element has a third electrically conductive element, the third conductive element making the electrical connection between the first and second conductive elements when the breaking device is in the first configuration and the third conductive element being released from at least one of the first and second conductive elements so as to prevent the flow of current electric between them when the device is in the second configuration.
  • an electric current can flow between the first conductor and the second conductor via the third conductor when the device is in the first configuration.
  • the first and the second conductors are no longer electrically connected without the conductive portion being broken.
  • This electrical disconnection results from the displacement of a conductive element of the movable breaking element when the device passes from the first configuration to the second configuration.
  • the conductive portion is disconnected by eliminating the electrical connection between at least two conductive elements thereof, without there being any rupture of said conductive portion, following the displacement of the movable cut-off element when the device goes from the first to the second configuration.
  • the movable breaking element may, in this case, be entirely formed of an electrically conductive material or comprise the third conductive element and an insulating portion of electricity.
  • the device can comprise a single conductive portion.
  • the cut-off device can be intended to be connected to a single-phase supply circuit.
  • the device may include several conductive portions, a fusible element being connected in series to each of the conductive portions, the initiator being able to be connected to the terminals of the fusible element and the fusible element being able to be configured to trip when the intensity of the current flowing through it exceeds the predetermined value and thereby actuate the initiator.
  • the cut-off device can be intended to be connected to a polyphase supply circuit.
  • the polyphase supply circuit can for example be a three-phase circuit or alternatively have two or at least four phases.
  • circuit phase is meant, unless otherwise stated, the electrical conductor corresponding to said phase of the electrical circuit.
  • the invention also relates to a secure electrical system according to claim 5.
  • the electrical system may further comprise an electrical device control element configured to actuate the initiator when the value of an operating parameter of the electrical device reaches a predetermined value.
  • This embodiment is advantageous in order to achieve a complete cut of the circuit when a malfunction occurs in the electrical device to be supplied and no longer necessarily in terms of overcurrent of the current flowing in the circuit.
  • the operating parameter can be pressure or temperature.
  • the control element of the electrical device can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the temperature of the electrical device or the pressure of at least part of the electrical device exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the present invention also relates to a vehicle comprising at least one secure electrical system as described above.
  • vehicle can for example be an aircraft, a train or an automobile.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation comprising at least one secure electrical system as described above.
  • the electrical device can for example be a train engine.
  • the electrical device can be a heat pump or a power installation.
  • the figure 1 is a sectional view of an exemplary switching device 1 according to the invention. As will be detailed below, there is, in the example of switching device 1 illustrated in the figure 1 , rupture of the conductive portion during the passage of the device 1 from the first to the second configuration. Other arrangements will be described below.
  • the device 1 is in the first configuration, that is to say in a configuration in which an electric current (arrow I) can flow in phase 10 of the supply circuit and in the conductive portion 8.
  • the supply circuit is single-phase and the cut-off device 1 comprises a single conductive portion 8. It is not, however, outside the scope of the invention when the circuit comprises a plurality of phases and the cut-off device a plurality of portions conductive, such an exemplary embodiment being discussed below.
  • the breaking device 1 comprises a pyrotechnic initiator 3 comprising an ignition device 9 provided with two electrical conductors 5 (only one of these conductors being shown on the figure 1 , the two conductors 5 being visible on the figures 2 and 3 ).
  • the pyrotechnic initiator 3 also comprises a pyrotechnic charge 4.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 4 can be in the form of one or more monolithic blocks. Alternatively, the load 4 can be in granular form. It goes from the general knowledge of a person skilled in the art to choose the nature and the dimensions of the pyrotechnic charge to be used for the intended current cut-off application.
  • the device 1 comprises a body 11 inside which a first 7 and a second 12 chambers are present.
  • the body 11 can for example be formed from a thermoplastic or thermosetting material.
  • the pyrotechnic initiator 3 comprises a seal 6 made of elastically deformable material bearing on an internal wall 14 of the body 11.
  • the ignition device 9 is, in the example illustrated, housed in the body 11.
  • the body 11 further has two through channels 11a, each of the conductors 5 extending in a separate channel 11a.
  • the first chamber 7 constitutes a pressurization chamber and is in communication with an outlet S of the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
  • the pyrotechnic initiator 3 is configured to pressurize the first chamber 7 when it is actuated.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 4 is present in the first chamber 7. It is not, however, outside the scope of the invention when this charge is present outside the first chamber as long as the latter remains in communication with an output from the pyrotechnic initiator.
  • An electrically conductive portion 8 is present in the second chamber 12 (see Figures 1 and 3 especially). The ends of the conductive portion 8 protrude from the body 11 in the example illustrated. This conductive portion 8 is, in the example illustrated, in the form of a tab. The conductive portion 8 can for example be made of copper.
  • the conductive portion 8 is provided with a fuse 40 which is connected in series to the latter.
  • the fuse element 40 constitutes, in this example, a separate element from the conductive portion 8 which has been attached to it.
  • the fuse 40 can for example be welded or clipped to the conductive portion 8.
  • the fuse 40 has been welded with its insulating envelope to the conductive portion 8.
  • the fuse 40 here comprises a fusible core present in an insulating envelope for electricity.
  • the insulating envelope may contain a powder of an electrically insulating material, such as silica, inside which the fusible core is present.
  • the fact of using a fusible core with its insulating envelope advantageously makes it possible to improve the resistance over time of the fusible core, and thus to further improve the reliability of the breaking device. Furthermore, in this example, the fuse 40 is present in the second chamber 12 which is present inside the body 11.
  • the electrical conductors 5 are each connected to a separate terminal of the fuse 40. More specifically, the side wall 22 of the body 11 has channels 23a and 23b through which electrical conductors 24a and 24b extend.
  • the first electrical conductor 24a connects a first terminal of the fuse 40 to a first conductor 5 of the ignition device 9.
  • the second electrical conductor 24b connects a second terminal of the fuse 40, different from the first, to a second conductor 5 of the device d ignition 9 different from the first driver.
  • the resistance across the terminals of the fuse 40 increases, thereby generating a sufficient potential difference in order to actuate the ignition device 9 and thus cut off the electric current.
  • the fuse does not need to hold a high voltage, which makes it possible to use fuses having a relatively low breakdown voltage.
  • the cut-off device can be used in a system implementing a voltage of less than 100 V, for example.
  • At least one resistor or a diode in series (not shown) on the line connecting the fuse 40 to the ignition device 9 in order to reduce the intensity flowing in the ignition device 9 and therefore avoid any degradation of the latter in the presence of the nominal current.
  • the conductive portion 8 is present on a support 18.
  • the support 18 has, in the example illustrated, a drawer structure intended to be engaged in an opening 22a of the side wall 22 of the body 11.
  • the support 18 defines a relief in hollow 20 located below the conductive portion 8 when the device 1 is in the first configuration.
  • the support 18 has a groove 19 in which the conductive portion 8 is housed.
  • the conductive portion 8 is intended connected to a phase 10 of the supply circuit. This connection can for example be carried out by welding.
  • the ends of the conductive portion 8 are connected to a phase 10 of the supply circuit.
  • the example of device 1 of the figure 1 further comprises a movable cut-off element 15 formed of an electrically insulating material, for example polyetheretherketone (PEEK GF40) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
  • the cutting element 15 sealingly separates the first chamber 7 from the second chamber 12.
  • the cutting element 15 is located between the first 7 and the second 12 chambers.
  • the cut-off element 15 has at least one relief 17 opposite the conductive portion 8.
  • the cut-off element 15 has a seal 16 formed of an elastically deformable material which is supported on a side wall 22 of the body 11.
  • the side wall 22 surrounds the first 7 and second 12 chambers.
  • the side wall 22 of the body 11 defines an interior volume in which the first 7 and second 12 chambers are present and in particular in which the fuse 40 is present. More specifically, in the example illustrated, the fuse 40 is present in the second chamber 12.
  • the relief 17 is in the form of a portion of extra thickness.
  • the cutting element 15 has a single relief 17 intended to break the conductive portion 8.
  • the invention is not limited to a particular shape for the distal end 17b of the relief 17 as long as the relief 17 is able to break the conductive portion 8 by impact with the latter.
  • the distal end 17b of the relief 17 can thus for example have a planar shape as illustrated or even a pointed or rounded shape.
  • the cut-off element 15 is configured to move along the axis of movement X following the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
  • the recessed relief 20, the conductive portion 8 and the relief 17 are superimposed along the axis X.
  • the body 11 is molded onto the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
  • the cut-off element 15 is then forcefully inserted through the bottom 25.
  • the cutting element 15 has a positioning relief 26, here in the form of a notch, intended to cooperate with a relief present on the internal wall of the body. This cooperation makes it possible to block the cutting element 15 in rotation and thus prevent the latter from rotating around the axis X when the first chamber 7 is pressurized by the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
  • the conductive portion carrying the fuse 40 is then placed in the groove 19 of the support 18.
  • the support 18 is then inserted through an opening 22a in the side wall 22 of the body 11 transversely to the axis of movement X and the wires 24a and 24b are then soldered to the terminals of fuse 40.
  • the breaking device 1 illustrated in figure 3 This is thus obtained which is ready to be connected to a supply circuit, for example by soldering phase 10 on the conductive portion 8.
  • the device 1 is initially in the first configuration in which an electric current (arrow I) can flow in phase 10 and in the conductive portion 8 (the fuse 40 is on).
  • the cut-off element 15 is in a first position, called the high position.
  • the fuse 40 trips.
  • the resistance at the terminals of the fuse increases, which makes it possible to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator.
  • the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator 3 allows the switching device to pass from the first configuration to a second configuration in which the circulation of electric current in the conductive portion 8 is interrupted (conductive portion disconnected).
  • the actuation of the pyrotechnic initiator allows the combustion of one or more pyrotechnic charges 4 in order to generate a combustion gas (arrows F) which will pressurize the first chamber 7 (see figure 4A ).
  • This pressurization of the first chamber 7 sets in motion the cut-off element 15 towards the conductive portion 8.
  • the movable cut-off element 15 is configured not to be broken during the pressurization of the first chamber 7 by the pyrotechnic initiator .
  • the cut-off element 15 is configured to move without deforming when the device 1 passes from the first configuration to the second configuration.
  • the cutting element 15 is driven in a translational movement along the axis X in the direction of the conductive portion 8 during the transition from the first configuration to the second configuration.
  • the movement of the cut-off element 15 does not include a component of rotation about the axis X during the transition from the first to the second configuration.
  • the cutting element 15 impacts the conductive portion 8 and thus breaks the latter (see Figures 4B and 4C ).
  • This breaking of the conductive portion 8 into several separate parts 8a and 8b makes it possible to prevent the flow of electric current and therefore to guarantee the security of the system.
  • the breaking element is configured as illustrated to impact the conductive portion 8 transversely, for example perpendicularly, to the direction of circulation of the electric current in this portion 8.
  • the relief 17 is housed in the relief in hollow 20 of the support 18 when the device 1 is in the second configuration, the relief 17 thus abutting on the bottom of the hollow relief 20.
  • the cut-off element 15 is in a second position, called the low position and the current is cut.
  • This example of a device according to the invention can advantageously make it possible to produce a particularly rapid power cut, for example in approximately 0.2 ms.
  • the relief 17 impacts the conductive portion at a region separate from that where the fuse 40 is present.
  • the initiator can be chosen to present dielectric insulation after operation greater than the system voltage.
  • a maintenance operation can be performed after cutting the supply circuit in order to remove the cut-off device in the second configuration and replace it with a break in the first configuration.
  • the supply of the electrical device by the supply circuit can then resume.
  • switching device 1 which has just been described in connection with the Figures 1 to 3 and 4A to 4C is such that (i) the current is cut off by breaking the conductive portion 8 during the impact of the latter with the movable breaking element 15, and (ii) the fuse 40 is present in the second chamber 12 in which the conductive portion 8 is present.
  • Other configurations can be envisaged in the context of the present invention as will be described below.
  • the breaking device comprises a plurality of conducting portions 80.
  • the breaking device comprising this plurality of conducting portions can be intended to be connected to a polyphase circuit.
  • the breaking device is intended to be connected to a three-phase circuit.
  • the number of conductive portions 80 of the breaking device can be equal to the number of phases of the circuit.
  • Each of the conductive portions 80 is intended to be connected to a separate phase of this circuit.
  • Each conductive portion 80 has a fuse 40 which is connected to it in series.
  • the rest of the cut-off device can be similar to that described in the figure 1 with the difference that the pyrotechnic initiator has a plurality of ignition devices each connected to the terminals of a separate fuse.
  • the conductive portions 80 are spaced from each other by a non-zero distance.
  • the relief of the cut-off element is intended to break the various conductive portions 80 simultaneously when the pyrotechnic initiator is actuated.
  • the resistance at the terminals of the fuse associated with this phase increases, thereby generating a sufficient potential difference at the terminals of the fuse in order to activate the ignition device connected to this fuse and thus cut off the electric current.
  • the implementation of such a cut-off device advantageously makes it possible to avoid situations in which at least one phase remains on after switching off another phase, given that after actuation of the device cutting all portions conductors are simultaneously broken, thus preventing any flow of current in the circuit.
  • the conductive portion 90 is formed from a single material and has a thinned area 140 of reduced width and possibly of reduced thickness.
  • This thinned area 140 is configured to melt when the intensity of the current flowing through the conductive portion 90 exceeds the predetermined value.
  • An initiator is also connected to the terminals of the thinned area 140 so as to trigger the cut-off of the current when the resistance of the thinned area 140 increases, in a similar manner to that described above.
  • the fusible element is constituted by a necking of the conductive portion itself, without having to attach a third fusible element in series with it.
  • the device 1 comprises a body 114 inside which are present: a first chamber 7, a second chamber 12 and a third chamber 128.
  • the pyrotechnic initiator 3 has the same structure as in the example of figure 1 and the same reference numbers were used at the figure 6 to designate the same elements as in the figure 1 .
  • the first chamber 7 constitutes a pressurization chamber and is in communication with an outlet S of the pyrotechnic initiator 3.
  • an electrically conductive portion 180 is present in the second chamber 12.
  • the device 111 comprises a third chamber 128 in which are present a fusible element 130 as well as a powder 131 of an insulating material electricity.
  • the fusible element 130 is here present inside the insulating powder 131.
  • the electrically insulating material can for example be silica.
  • the fuse element 130 may be constituted by the fuse core of a commercial fuse which has been separated from its insulating envelope.
  • the fusible element 130 is connected to phase 110 of the circuit via the electrical connector 110a and this element 130 is, in addition, connected in series to the conductive portion 180 via the electrical connector 180a.
  • the conductive portion 180 is, for its part, connected to phase 110 of the circuit in order to allow, in normal operation, the circulation of an electric current in the circuit through the breaking device 111.
  • the electrical conductors 5 are each connected to a separate terminal of the fuse element 130.
  • the side wall 122 of the body 114 has channels 123a and 123b through which electrical conductors 124a and 124b extend.
  • the first electrical conductor 124a connects a first terminal of the fuse element 130 to a first conductor 5 of the ignition device 9.
  • the second electrical conductor 124b connects a second terminal of the fuse element 130, different from the first, to a second conductor 5 of the ignition device 9 different from the first conductor.
  • phase 110 when an electric current of an intensity greater than the predetermined value passes through phase 110, the resistance at the terminals of the fusible core increases, thus generating a sufficient potential difference in order to actuate the ignition device 9 and thus cut off the electrical current.
  • actuation of the ignition device 9 makes it possible to set in motion the movable cut-off element 15 which will break the conductive portion 8 by impact with the latter in order to interrupt the circulation of the electric current in the circuit.
  • the first 7, second 12 and third 128 rooms are superimposed.
  • the second chamber 12 is positioned between the first chamber 7 and the third chamber 128 in this example.
  • the conductive portion 180 is present on a support 118 having a drawer structure similar to that described in connection with the Figures 1 to 3 .
  • the channels 123a and 123b extend through the drawer 118 so as to be able to connect the connectors 5 to the terminals of the fuse element 130.
  • the actuation of the initiator results in the movement of the movable cut-off element 15 towards the conductive portion 180 in order to break the latter, in a manner similar to that described in Figures 4A to 4C .
  • the breaking device 211 comprises a hollow body 216 of electrically insulating material delimiting a cavity 219, a pyrotechnic initiator 223 and a conductive portion comprising two primary electrical conductive pads 213, 214 which open into the cavity 219.
  • the conductive portion thus comprises a first electrically conductive element (conductive pad 213) and a second electrically conductive element (conductive pad 214).
  • the first 213 and the second 214 electrically conductive elements are offset along the longitudinal axis Y of the cavity 219 in the example illustrated.
  • the cut-off device 211 also comprises a movable cut-off element 220 configured to move in the cavity 219.
  • the cavity 219 is cylindrical and the movable cut-off element 220 is itself essentially cylindrical.
  • the movable breaking element 220 comprises, in the example illustrated, a first part formed of an electrically insulating material and a second part formed of an electrically conductive material.
  • the movable cut-off element 220 comprises a split tube 221 which includes at least one electrically conductive element. In the example illustrated on Figures 7A, 7B and 8 , the split tube 221 is fully conductive of electricity.
  • the split tube 221 has a slot 229.
  • the movable cut-off element 220 further comprises a sliding drawer 222 made of an electrically insulating material forming a piston, adapted to move inside the cavity, so as to entrain with it the split tube 221.
  • a sliding drawer 222 made of an electrically insulating material forming a piston, adapted to move inside the cavity, so as to entrain with it the split tube 221.
  • a movable cut-off element entirely formed of an electrically conductive material in the example of cut-off device illustrated in the figure 7A .
  • Such an element could comprise a first part forming a tube similar to the conductive tube 221 illustrated and a second part in the form of a disc extending transversely with respect to the Y axis and obstructing the first part.
  • the split tube 221 (third conductive element) provides the electrical connection between the studs 213 and 214 (first and second conductive elements). This allows current to flow in the circuit through the conductive portion of the cutoff device 211.
  • the pyrotechnic initiator 223 comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator, known per se, installed in the hollow body so as to communicate with the cavity 219.
  • a pressurization chamber 225 is defined between the pyrotechnic initiator 223 and one of the axial end faces of the piston 222.
  • the piston 222 comprises a cavity 226 in its upstream face, directed towards the pyrotechnic initiator 223, and this cavity 226 constitutes a part of the pressurizing chamber 225.
  • both electrical conductor pads 213, 214 are electrically connected to each other, via the split tube 221 in a first position, called the initial position.
  • the electrical contact being made via the third conductive element (here the split tube 221), as mentioned above.
  • the two conductive pads have two coaxial rings 213a, 214a offset axially along the axis Y (corresponding to the direction of movement of the movable breaking element 220) and these rings 213a, 214a are at least in close contact with the conductive part of the movable cut-off element (here the split tube 221) when it is in said first position.
  • the internal faces of the rings 213a, 214a are flush with the wall of the cavity 219.
  • the split tube 221 is engaged by forced interlocking between the rings 213a, 214a of said primary conductive pads 213, 214 , which guarantees an excellent electrical connection between said primary conductive pads throughout the period preceding the actuation of the switching device 211.
  • one of the rings 213a has in the illustrated example a fuse 240 which is connected to it in series.
  • the fuse 240 is, in the example illustrated, integrated into the ring 213a with its insulating envelope.
  • the support portion 212 of the pyrotechnic initiator 223 includes two through channels 212a and 212b.
  • a first electrical conductor 240a extends through a first channel 212a so as to connect a first electrical conductor 223a of the pyrotechnic initiator 223 to a first terminal of the fuse 240.
  • a second electrical conductor 240b s' extends through a second channel 212b so as to connect a second electrical conductor 223b of the pyrotechnic initiator 223, different from the first conductor 223a, to a second terminal of the fuse 240 different from the first.
  • the resistance of the fuse 240 increases so as to create at its terminals a sufficient potential difference to be able to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator 223.
  • a fuse element connected to the pyrotechnic initiator could be present on the electrical pad 214 by being connected in series to the latter.
  • the mobile cut-off element 220 moves to a second position in the cavity ( figure 7B ), following the pressurization of the pressurizing chamber 225.
  • the split tube 221 is released from the pad 213, this makes it possible to prevent the electrical connection between the two conductive pads 213, 214 and to interrupt current flow in the circuit.
  • the split tube 221 is separated from the stud 213 and is in contact with the stud 214.
  • the split tube is neither in contact with the stud 213 nor with the stud 214 when the device is in the second configuration.
  • the figure 8 shows how a cut-off device 211 as described can be produced in a simple and economical manner.
  • the hollow body 216 is defined by the assembly of two housing elements 230, 231, respectively left 230 and right 231.
  • the housing element 230 comprises two tapped blind holes 232 surmounted by an imprint open laterally 233a, 233b and 233c and the shape is defined to accommodate a part of each electrically conductive pad 213, 214 and a part of the support 212 of the pyrotechnic initiator.
  • Each electrically conductive stud comprises a ring 213a and 214a extended laterally by a connection bar 213b and 214b projecting outside the insulating hollow body so as to be able to be connected to the electrical circuit external to the breaking device 211.
  • the second element of housing 231 has two through holes 236 allowing the insertion of fixing screws 237.
  • the first housing element 230 further comprises an imprint open laterally 234a, 234b and 234c and whose shape is defined to accommodate part of each electrically conductive pad 213, 214 and part of the support 212 of the pyrotechnic initiator.
  • the support 212 is mounted between the two housing elements 230, 231 and comprises a bore 238 which receives at its end the initiator 223.
  • the initiator 223 is mounted inside said support 212 so as to define the setting chamber under pressure 225 inside said bore 238.
  • the split tube 221 is forcibly engaged in each of the two rings 213a, 214a.
  • the two coaxial and axially offset rings 213a, 214a are electrically connected via the split metal tube 221.
  • the insulating drawer 222 is inserted inside of the sliding split tube 221.
  • a first part or upstream part 241 of cylindrical shape, of diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the cavity 219, slides along the internal faces of said cavity. In its upstream face, directed upwards on the Figures 7A, 7B and 8 , the first part 241 comprises a cavity 226, here also substantially cylindrical, which partially delimits the initial volume of the pressurizing chamber 225.
  • the first part 241 comprises two circumferential grooves 261, 262, spaced axially from each other, and each receiving an O-ring seal 263, 264.
  • the piston 222 closes the pressurization chamber 225 and allows rapid pressure increase in the closed environment of this bedroom.
  • the gases generated in the pressurizing chamber 225 do not infiltrate towards the conductive rings 213a, 214a.
  • a groove is advantageously formed in at least one of said grooves and configured to form a calibrated passage for the evacuation of air from the pressurization chamber during the mounting of the piston 222 in the support 212 of the initiator pyrotechnic 223.
  • the piston 222 located at least partly upstream of the split tube, has the function of transmitting to said tube 221 the pressure force generated by the gases in the pressurizing chamber 225 and allowing the cutting of the circuit by moving said tube 221.
  • the first part 241 is extended by a second downstream part 242, of slightly smaller diameter chosen to allow its insertion, possibly by force, inside the split tube once it is inserted between the rings 213a, 214a. This second part can act as a guide element for the split tube, during its movement inside the cavity 219.
  • the piston 222 has here, on a part located directly upstream of the split tube, a diameter equal at most to the external diameter of this tube once inserted between the rings.
  • the diameter of the upstream part of the piston is even slightly smaller than that of the split tube, so that the piston, driving the split tube, can slide easily between the rings, without remaining blocked. This is made possible here by a slight difference in diameter between the most upstream part of the cavity along which the piston slides (formed here by the bore of the initiator support) and its downstream part (formed by the housing elements), wider, into which the rings open.
  • the cavity 219 is extended downstream by a guide portion 245 which makes it possible to guide the split tube 221 when it passes from the first to the second position and to ensure that it ci a straight path.
  • a damping pad 29 is inserted into the bottom of the cavity 219. If necessary, this damping pad 29 has for the purpose of reducing the energy of the impact of the split conductive tube 221 and of the insulating piston 222 when the two parts come into contact on the bottom of the body 216.
  • the secure electrical system 30 comprises a secure supply system 2 connected to an electrical device 31 intended to be supplied by this supply system 2.
  • the supply system 2 comprises a single-phase supply circuit comprising an electric generator G and a phase 10 connected to this generator G.
  • the generator G can for example be an alternator.
  • Generator G can be connected to a heat engine such as an internal combustion engine or a turbojet.
  • the generator G may be part of an installation such as a power station producing an alternating current.
  • the cut-off device 1 illustrated in the figure 1 is linked to phase 10 as detailed above. The cut-off device 1 is mounted in series with the generator G and the electrical device 31.
  • the cut-off device 1 is present between the generator G and the electric device 31.
  • the generator G is present upstream of the cut-off device 1 and the electrical device 31 is present downstream of the breaking device 1.
  • upstream and downstream are used here with reference to the direction of the electric current in the supply circuit (arrow I).
  • the figure 10 shows another example of a secure electrical system and power system 300 according to the invention.
  • a structure similar to that of the figure 9 was used in which a control element 37 of the electrical device 31 was added.
  • This control element 37 is connected to the ignition device of the cut-off device 100.
  • the control element 37 is configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when an operating parameter of the electrical device reaches a predetermined value. This makes it possible to cut off the electric current by the cut-off device 100 also in the event of a malfunction of the electric device. 31 and not only in the event of an overcurrent in the circuit.
  • the control element 37 comprises for example a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the electrical device 31.
  • control element 37 may comprise a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure of a part at least of the electrical device 31.
  • the control element 37 can be configured to actuate the pyrotechnic initiator when the temperature of the electrical device 31 or the pressure of a part of said device 31 exceeds a predetermined value and this in order to guarantee the security of the system 300 when a malfunction is observed.
  • the secure electrical systems 30 and 300 which have just been described may be mounted in a vehicle such as an aircraft or a train or be present in an industrial installation.

Claims (9)

  1. Schaltvorrichtung (1; 100; 111), die dazu bestimmt ist, mit einem Stromkreis verbunden zu werden, der zumindest einen pyrotechnischen Zünder (3) und einen Körper (11; 114) umfasst, in welchem vorgesehen sind:
    - eine Druckbeaufschlagungskammer (7), die in Kommunikation mit einem Ausgang (S) des pyrotechnischen Zünders (3) steht und eine erste Schaltvorrichtungskammer bildet,
    - zumindest eine stromleitende Sektion (8; 180), die dazu bestimmt ist, mit dem Stromkreis verbunden zu werden, wobei zumindest ein Teil der leitenden Sektion (8; 180) in einer zweiten Kammer (12) vorliegt, die in dem Körper (11; 114) vorliegt,
    - zumindest ein schmelzbares Element (40; 130), das mit der leitenden Sektion in Reihe geschaltet ist, wobei der Zünder mit Anschlüssen des schmelzbaren Elements verbunden ist und das schmelzbare Element dazu ausgestaltet ist, ausgelöst zu werden, wenn die Intensität des Stroms, der es durchströmt, einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet, und so den Zünder zu betätigen, und
    - ein bewegliches Schaltelement (15), das die erste Kammer (7) von der zweiten Kammer (12) trennt und zumindest ein Relief (17) aufweist, das aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material gebildet ist, das der leitenden Sektion (8; 180) zugewandt ist,
    wobei der pyrotechnische Zünder dazu ausgestaltet ist, die Schaltvorrichtung aus einer ersten Konfiguration zur Durchleitung des Stroms in eine zweite Konfiguration zur Unterbrechung des Stroms zu überführen,
    wobei die Schaltvorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    das bewegliche Schaltelement in Bewegung zu der leitenden Sektion hin versetzt wird, um diese während des Übergangs aus der ersten in die zweite Konfiguration durch Auftreffen auf das Relief im Bereich einer klar geschiedenen Zone derselben zu trennen, wo das schmelzbare Element vorliegt, wobei das schmelzbare Element entweder in der zweite Kammer vorliegt, indem es mit seiner isolierenden Hülle mit der leitenden Sektion verbunden ist, oder in einer dritten Kammer (128), die von der zweiten Kammer verschieden ist, und in welcher ferner ein Pulver (131) aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material vorliegt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das schmelzbare Element (40; 130) an der leitenden Sektion angebracht ist.
  3. Schaltvorrichtung (1; 111) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die Vorrichtung eine einzige leitende Sektion (8; 180) umfasst.
  4. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die Vorrichtung mehrere leitende Sektionen (80) umfasst und ein schmelzbares Element (40) mit jeder der leitenden Sektionen in Reihe geschaltet ist, wobei der Zünder mit Anschlüssen des schmelzbaren Elements verbunden ist und das schmelzbare Element dazu ausgestaltet ist, ausgelöst zu werden, wenn die Intensität des Stroms, der es durchströmt, einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet, und so den Zünder zu betätigen.
  5. Gesichertes elektrisches System (30; 300), das zumindest umfasst:
    - ein gesichertes Stromversorgungssystem (2; 200), das zumindest umfasst:
    - eine Schaltvorrichtung (1; 100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, und
    - einen Stromversorgungskreis, der mit der Schaltvorrichtung verbunden ist, wobei die zumindest eine leitende Sektion (8) mit einer Phase (10) des Stromversorgungskreises verbunden ist, und
    - eine elektrische Vorrichtung (31), die mit dem Stromversorgungssystem (2; 200) verbunden und dazu bestimmt ist, von diesem versorgt zu werden.
  6. System (300) nach Anspruch 5, das ferner ein Steuerelement (37) der elektrischen Vorrichtung umfasst, die dazu ausgestaltet ist, den Zünder (3) zu betätigen, wenn der Wert eines Funktionsparameters der elektrischen Vorrichtung einen vorbestimmten Wert erreicht.
  7. System (300) nach Anspruch 6, wobei der Funktionsparameter der Druck oder die Temperatur ist.
  8. Fahrzeug, das zumindest ein gesichertes elektrisches System (30; 300) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7 umfasst.
  9. Anlage, die zumindest ein System (30; 300) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7 umfasst.
EP17731196.6A 2016-05-16 2017-05-15 Schaltervorrichtung zur verbindung mit einem elektrischen stromkreis Active EP3459100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1654336A FR3051282B1 (fr) 2016-05-16 2016-05-16 Dispositif de coupure destine a etre relie a un circuit electrique
PCT/FR2017/051168 WO2017198937A1 (fr) 2016-05-16 2017-05-15 Dispositif de coupure destine a etre relie a un circuit electrique

Publications (2)

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EP3459100A1 EP3459100A1 (de) 2019-03-27
EP3459100B1 true EP3459100B1 (de) 2020-03-18

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US (1) US10622179B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3459100B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6924776B2 (de)
CN (1) CN109478482B (de)
FR (1) FR3051282B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2017198937A1 (de)

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DE102017011631B4 (de) * 2017-12-15 2020-02-13 Panasonic Industrial Devices Europe Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Unterbrechen eines elektrischen Stromkreises
US11355300B2 (en) * 2019-05-07 2022-06-07 Littelfuse, Inc. Active/passive automotive fuse module
US11594391B2 (en) * 2019-12-16 2023-02-28 Littelfuse International Holding, Llc. Active/passive fuse module
US11387068B2 (en) * 2019-12-16 2022-07-12 Littelfuse, Inc. Active/passive fuse module
JP7390552B2 (ja) * 2019-12-27 2023-12-04 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 遮断装置
EP3944440B1 (de) 2020-07-24 2023-03-08 Future Systems Besitz GmbH Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schutz einer last gegen überstrom
FR3124886A1 (fr) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-06 Airbus Operations Ensemble coupe-circuit pyrotechnique pour aeronef, et aeronef comprenant un tel ensemble.
JP2023117242A (ja) * 2022-02-10 2023-08-23 株式会社ダイセル 電気回路遮断装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3459100A1 (de) 2019-03-27
US20190287751A1 (en) 2019-09-19
JP6924776B2 (ja) 2021-08-25
US10622179B2 (en) 2020-04-14
JP2019515476A (ja) 2019-06-06
CN109478482B (zh) 2020-06-12
CN109478482A (zh) 2019-03-15
FR3051282B1 (fr) 2021-05-21
WO2017198937A1 (fr) 2017-11-23
FR3051282A1 (fr) 2017-11-17

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