EP2375426A1 - Varistor, der eine Elektrode mit einem vorstehenden Teil umfasst, der einen Kontakt bildet und Blitzableiter, der einen solchen Varistor umfasst - Google Patents

Varistor, der eine Elektrode mit einem vorstehenden Teil umfasst, der einen Kontakt bildet und Blitzableiter, der einen solchen Varistor umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2375426A1
EP2375426A1 EP11161708A EP11161708A EP2375426A1 EP 2375426 A1 EP2375426 A1 EP 2375426A1 EP 11161708 A EP11161708 A EP 11161708A EP 11161708 A EP11161708 A EP 11161708A EP 2375426 A1 EP2375426 A1 EP 2375426A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
varistor
pole
block
main face
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11161708A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2375426B1 (de
Inventor
Michael Duval
Lagnoux Alain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB France SAS filed Critical ABB France SAS
Publication of EP2375426A1 publication Critical patent/EP2375426A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2375426B1 publication Critical patent/EP2375426B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the electrode of the varistor is formed by a conductive plate 84, represented in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the varistor 30 then further comprises a block 80, whose figure 7 shows only the main face 82.
  • the block 80 has an electrical resistance whose value varies as a function of the voltage applied to the block 80.
  • This block 80 constitutes the active part of the varistor 30 and makes it possible to limit the overvoltages by exhibiting a resistance. low for overvoltages of strong amplitudes such as those occurring during lightning strikes.
  • the conductive plate 84 is arranged on a main face 82 of the block 80.
  • the main faces of the block 80 correspond to the main faces of the varistor 30.
  • connection of the protruding portion forming the pole 34 to the remainder of the plate 84 over at least half of the perimeter of the pole 34 ensures an effective thermal conduction from the plate 84 to the pole 34, and whatever the location of the zones of the block 80 having defects with respect to the pole 34.
  • the varistor previously described allows a reduction in the reaction time of the varistor, which is the time between the first deteriorations of zones of the block 80 of the varistor and the temperature rise of the pole 34 of the varistor 30.
  • connection pole plate is connected to the remainder of the plate 84 over at least 80% of its perimeter to ensure better thermal conduction.
  • the plate 84 preferably has a thickness less than or equal to 0.7 mm so as to limit the amount of material to be heated before the increase in temperature reaches the pole 34.
  • the plate 84 preferably has a greater thickness or equal to 0.3 mm so as to allow the plate to withstand the mechanical stresses mentioned later in this document.
  • the hot-melt solder 70 a low-melting temperature alloy to ensure rapid disconnection of the blade 44.
  • a low melting temperature of the solder 70 allows to quickly obtain an opening of the thermal disconnector.
  • the tin / indium alloy In 52 Sn 48 is particularly preferred because it has a liquidus temperature at 118 ° C., whereas the alloys conventionally used have a liquidus temperature that is generally greater than 130 ° C.
  • this alloy complies with the European RoHS Directive 2002/95 / EC (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
  • FIGs 9 and 10 illustrate, respectively seen in profile and in perspective, a preferred embodiment of the blade 44 of the figure 5 .
  • the blade 44 has a portion 42 intended to be welded to the pole 34 by the solder 70.
  • the portion 42 is connected to the remainder of the blade 44 by a local restriction 58 of the section of the blade 44.
  • This restriction 58 of the blade 44 allows to concentrate the heat released by the protective component 30 at the portion 42 - and therefore at the level of the solder 70 - because the diffusion of heat from the portion 42 to the rest of the blade 44 is limited by the local restriction 58.
  • the increase in temperature of the solder 70 is faster during the temperature increase of the varistor 30.
  • the speed of the opening of the thermal disconnector is increased.
  • the portion 42, as well as the solder 70 preferably have a disc shape to allow a better homogeneity of the heating of the solder 70.
  • the portion 42 can thus be characterized by a mean diameter of this disc.
  • the local restriction 58 has a length of less than 80% of the average diameter of the portion 42 to provide a substantial concentration effect on the solder 70 of the heat emitted by the varistor 30. It is even more advantageous than the restriction
  • the length of the local restriction 58 referred to above is the smallest distance separating two opposite edges of a main face of the blade 44: this length is less than 70% of the average diameter of the portion 42. referenced 'L' on the figure 9 .
  • the spring 50 can be sized to drive the blade 44 to the open position with a large opening speed without changing the blade geometry 44 which can then be defined solely according to the other considerations. Furthermore, the choice of a high opening speed of the thermal disconnector increases the breaking capacity of the disconnector.
  • the blade 44 comprises a support 56 for the spring 50, for transmitting the bias of the spring 50 to the blade 44.
  • the blade 44 extends in a first plane parallel to the main face 32 of the varistor 30 with a movement of the blade 44 between the closed position and the open position taking place mainly in this first plane.
  • the insulation distance for a thermal disconnector can be substantially greater than 5 mm and reach at least 10 mm.
  • the movement of the blade 44 parallel to the main face 32 of the varistor 30 is confined in a volume based on the main face 32 of the varistor and having a small thickness relative to the dimensions of the varistor.
  • Such a movement of the blade 44 along the main face 32 of the varistor 30, and thus having the largest dimensions of the varistor 30, results in the possibility of obtaining a large breaking distance inside the volume confining the movement. of the blade 44.
  • the thickness of this volume being small, the compactness of the protective device is close to the compactness of the varistor 30.
  • This embodiment of the blade 44 is particularly advantageous when the protective device comprises a second disconnector thermal on the same varistor as previously described. This second thermal disconnector is then connected in series to the first thermal disconnector via the varistor. We then obtain a compact design in accordance with the figure 12A .
  • the electrode 84 of the varistor 30 may advantageously have the protruding part forming pole 34.
  • This pole portion 34 emerges out of the electrical insulation coating such as the brazing surface for the electrical connection of the pole and stamped extends above the level of the electrical insulation coating, as represented by the figure 12A .
  • the arrangement of the portion of the plate 84 projecting to form the pole 34 furthermore makes it possible to isolate the blade 44 electrically from the insulation coating. electric without using an additional partition.
  • the protection device can thus be made so that only an air gap separates the main face 32 of the blade 44 during its movement from the closed position to the open position.
  • the absence of additional partition between the blade 44 and the main face 32 of the varistor 30 further reduces the size of the protective device.
  • the protective device is still advantageously designed to reliably withstand the shock currents, in particular to meet the tests of IEC standards paragraph 7.6 or UL paragraph 37, or the UTE paragraph 6.6 guide as appropriate.
  • the blade 44 may be integral with a flexible portion 46.
  • This flexible portion 46 forms a bend 46 (or a lyre) about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the figure 9 .
  • This bend 46 allows movement of the blade 44 between the open position and the closed position.
  • the electrodynamic forces bias the opening of the flexible elbow 46.
  • Such an opening urging of the elbow 46 causes a biasing of the blade 44 to the open position.
  • the electrodynamic forces stress the solder 70 in shear.
  • the solder 70 can be sized to withstand stresses such as shearing without deteriorating the compactness of the device.
  • the flexible elbow 46 thus contributes to both the compactness of the protective device and its resistance to shock currents.
  • the elbow material 46 preferably has a low elastic resistance (Re).
  • a low elastic resistance allows the bend 46 to absorb some of the energy by opening plastically. The absorption of a portion of the energy due to the electrodynamic effects makes it possible to limit the stress on the solder 70.
  • the elastic resistance is conventionally approached by the plastic deformation stress at 0.2% (denoted Rp0.2).
  • Rp0.2 resiliently low, namely 250 MPa (N.mm -2 ).
  • the use of the tin / indium alloy In 52 Sn 48 for the solder 70 makes it possible to obtain a shear strength of the order of 11.2 MPa (N.mm -2 ). is a good resistance compared to the alloys conventionally used for brazing.
  • a conventional alloy such as Bi 58 Sn 42 has a shear strength of the order of 3.4 MPa only. Consequently, it is possible to limit the supply of material for producing solder 70 by reducing the section of solder 70, for example to a surface area of 25 mm 2 while having a satisfactory mechanical shear strength.
  • the blade 44 may comprise a stiffening zone 52 of the part 40.
  • the bending inertia of the blade 44 is thus increased so that the biasing engagement of the blade 44 by the spring 50 or by the electrodynamic forces is substantially exclusively pure shear.
  • the sizing of the solder 70 for the resistance to the shock currents is thus facilitated.
  • a low flexural inertia can be provided between the portion 42 of the blade 44 which is welded to the pole 34 and the restriction 58. This makes it possible to compensate for the dimensional clearances during the assembly of the different parts of the protection device without having to deform the blade 44 to weld it to the pole 34.
  • the portion 42 of the blade 44 intended to be welded to the pole 34 by the solder 70, is preferably tinned.
  • the tinning of the portion 42 allows an improvement in the quality of the solder resulting in a better mechanical strength thereof, including impact currents.
  • the varistor 30 may have a greater thickness, which allows a service voltage of the higher varistor.
  • the protection device can be adapted for an installation operating at a higher voltage, for example between 500 and 1000 V in the case of installations with photovoltaic generators to be compared with the 230 V or 400 V usual for the networks of alternative power supply in Europe.
  • the Figures 13A and 13B respectively illustrate front and side, the dimensions A ", B", C “of a varistor 30 which can be accommodated in the cartridge 20 with the rest of the proposed compact protection device.
  • the dimensions A” and B “of the varistor 30 is typically 35mm.
  • the varistor 30 can have a thickness C "up to 9mm.
  • the varistor 30 with a thickness of 9 mm has an operating voltage of the order of 680 V and exhibiting a leakage current of the order of 1 mA. under a voltage of 1100 V DC.
  • the compactness of the protection device then makes it possible to use it for a voltage range of 75 V to 680 V. In particular, it allows the use of the protection device for the protection of photovoltaic generator installations.
  • the two poles 34 and 36 of the varistor 30 are arranged on opposite main faces of the varistor 30.
  • the first electrical disconnector which comprises the blade 44 connected by hot-melt soldering to the first pole 34 of the varistor 30, is produced as previously described.
  • the second thermal disconnector comprises a blade 64 forming a movable contact thermofusibly soldered to the second pole 36 of the varistor 30.
  • This second disconnector advantageously has the same characteristics as the first disconnector which have been previously described.
  • the varistor 30 is associated with two thermal disconnectors, that is to say that the two thermal disconnectors and the protection component are connected in series, which allows to increase the breaking capacity in case failure of the protection component.
  • the protective device is still advantageously designed to safely withstand the case where the varistor 30 short-circuits below the nominal operating voltage while specific short-circuit protections - such as a fuse or circuit breaker external to the device - intervene.
  • specific short-circuit protections - such as a fuse or circuit breaker external to the device - intervene.
  • the difficulty comes from the fact that these external protections have a certain reaction time during which the protective device is traversed by high currents. The protective device must not explode or start a fire during this time.
  • the blade 44 and the terminal 48 are part of a single piece to form the piece 40.
  • the piece 40 can be obtained by stamping, bending or folding of a rolled sheet. Since the piece 40 is not obtained by assembling several pieces, but constitutes only one, the current flowing through the workpiece 40 of the terminal 48 to the blade 44 does not encounter any electrical contact resistance or Welding. This absence of contact resistance or welding limits the heating of the workpiece 40 when it is traversed by currents of high intensity.
  • the electrical resistivity of the part 40 can thus be less than or equal to 1.7241 ⁇ .cm and can very effectively limit the heating of the part 40 subjected to short-circuit currents.
  • blades with intrinsic elasticity were commonly used to form the moving contact of the thermal disconnector. But only copper alloys provide sufficient intrinsic elasticity, but at the expense of the resistivity is significantly higher.
  • the use of a resilient bias external to the blade 44 allows the blade 44 to be made with a copper of sufficient purity to substantially limit its heating during the tests. short circuits.
  • the part 40 preferably has a minimum section designed to allow the continuous passage without deterioration of a short circuit current to which the protective device can be exposed. Furthermore, the piece 40 preferably has a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm to provide the flexibility of the elbow 46 discussed above. The thickness of the sheet used to obtain the piece 40 may be equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the material of the part 40 is preferably bare at the pin 48 to limit the welding effect with the elastic couplings of the base 82 through which the protective device is electrically connected to the electrical installation to be protected.
  • the previously described characteristics each contribute to increasing the resistance to short-circuit currents, in particular as verified by the IEC standard paragraph 7.7.3. They can be implemented independently of one another. It is possible to use only some of them or all according to the importance of short-circuit currents that can be provided by the power supply network of the installation to be protected.
  • provision may be made to have two protective components in the same cartridge 20.
  • each thermal disconnector in these embodiments with two protection components may be as described above.
  • the blades 44a or 44b are made in a manner similar to the preceding description.
  • the blades 44a and the terminal 48 are preferably parts of one and the same piece 40a so as to provide a resistance to short-circuit currents as previously described.
  • the blades 44b and the terminal 48 are preferably parts of one and the same piece so as to provide a resistance to the currents of short circuits as previously described.
  • this additional varistor in the same internal volume 21 of the cartridge 20 ensures continuity of service and protection when one of the varistors, end of life, has been disconnected.
  • the disconnection of one of the varistors by a thermal disconnector can be signaled to the user of the electrical installation using a display element known per se. The user is notified of the arrival at the end of life of one of the protective components of the cartridge 20, with a surge protection function still provided by the second varistor the time for the user to replace the cartridge 20 .
  • the figure 5 illustrates a possible embodiment of the display element 26 of the state of one of the thermal disconnectors.
  • varistors in the same protection component. These varistors can be connected in series and / or in parallel with each other according to the applications. The varistors are then assembled into a compact mass, comprising at least two varistors.
  • protection component the block disposed between two successive electrical poles and formed of a varistor or at least two varistors interconnected.
  • FIG. 17A illustrates a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel 90.
  • This panel 90 generates an electrical voltage between the son 95 and 96.
  • a bypass son 95 and 96 (not shown) then retrieves the electrical current generated by the photovoltaic system.
  • each of its son 95 and 96 can be connected to one of the terminals 48 and 38 of the protection device comprising the previous double protective component 30.
  • the electrode 98 of the double protection component 30 is connected to the earth 94 via a spark gap 92.
  • Each of the wires 95 and 96 is thus connected to the ground via a respective varistor and the earth. a spark gap 92 common.
  • a single thermal disconnector is provided for each protection component considered. This embodiment therefore does not correspond to the series connection of a protection component with two thermal disconnectors of this protection component.
  • it may be provided to add, for a varistor considered, a second thermal disconnect connected in series to the first thermal disconnector through the varistor. With reference to the Figure 17B this second thermal disconnector may, for example, be common to both varistors by ensuring the disconnection of the electrode 98 (embodiment not shown).
  • the two thermal disconnectors and the corresponding protection component are connected in series.
  • Embodiments of multiple protection components 30 are possible by the combination of a larger number of varistors in series or in parallel.
  • One embodiment of the multiple protection component 30 thus consists in the superposition of several blocks 80 having a non-linear electrical resistance by connecting the blocks 80 by electrodes 98 in a manner similar to the embodiment illustrated by FIG. Figure 17B . All of these blocks 80 may be coated with the electrical insulation coating 88 previously described (such embodiments are not shown).
  • a triple protection component 30 may be formed by the superposition of three blocks 80 separated by electrodes 98. This triple protection component then has four poles, including two electrodes 98, for carrying out the differential voltage surge protection of a three-phase electrical installation.
  • each block 80 of varistors being separated by a pole electrode 98 this embodiment with a triple protection component is to be distinguished from the embodiment with a single protection component for which several varistors are associated with each other between two successive poles.
  • a triple protection component at most only one thermal disconnector is provided for each protection component considered. This embodiment therefore does not correspond to the series connection of a protection component with two thermal disconnectors of this protection component.
  • it may be provided to add, for a protection component considered, a second thermal disconnect connected in series to one of the first thermal disconnectors via one of the blocks.
  • Such an embodiment can be obtained by arranging a second thermal disconnector at one of the electrodes 98 (embodiment not shown).
  • the two thermal disconnectors and the corresponding protection component are connected in series.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
EP11161708.0A 2010-04-09 2011-04-08 Varistor, der eine Elektrode mit einem vorstehenden Teil umfasst, der einen Kontakt bildet und Blitzableiter, der einen solchen Varistor umfasst Active EP2375426B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1052735A FR2958788B1 (fr) 2010-04-09 2010-04-09 Varistance comprenant une electrode avec une partie en saillie formant pole et parafoudre comprenant une telle varistance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2375426A1 true EP2375426A1 (de) 2011-10-12
EP2375426B1 EP2375426B1 (de) 2019-06-05

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EP11161708.0A Active EP2375426B1 (de) 2010-04-09 2011-04-08 Varistor, der eine Elektrode mit einem vorstehenden Teil umfasst, der einen Kontakt bildet und Blitzableiter, der einen solchen Varistor umfasst

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US8378778B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2375426B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102237162B (de)
FR (1) FR2958788B1 (de)

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US12100537B2 (en) 2019-03-20 2024-09-24 Citel Device for protection from overvoltages

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8378778B2 (en) 2013-02-19
FR2958788A1 (fr) 2011-10-14
US20110248816A1 (en) 2011-10-13
EP2375426B1 (de) 2019-06-05
FR2958788B1 (fr) 2015-01-30
CN102237162A (zh) 2011-11-09
CN102237162B (zh) 2017-03-01

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